Genres of Texts

GENRES OF TEXTS
1. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Descriptive Text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its
purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.
When writing descriptive text, there are some generic structures
(actually not mandatory) for our writing to be true. The arrangement is:
# Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person, place, animal
or object will be described.)
# Description: contains a description of something such as animal, things,
place or person by decribing its features, forms, colors, or anything related to
what the writer describe.
Purpose of Descriptive text:
– To describe person, thing or place in specific
– To describe a particular person, thing or place.
Language Feature of Descriptive Text:
– Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and unique (only
one). for example: Bandengan beach, my house, Borobudur temple, uncle
Jim
– The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for example: a
beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place in jepara, etc.
– The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is simple
present because it tells the fact of the object described.
– Action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run, sleep, walk, cut
etc….
Example of Descriptive Text : Way Kambas National Park
Way Kambas National Park is a national park for elephant sanctuary
located in Lampung precisely in the Labuhan Ratu sub district, East
Lampung, Indonesia. Way Kambas National Park, established in 1985, is the
first school for elephant in Indonesia. In the beginning of its establishment,
Way Kambas National Park was named the Elephant Training Center / Pusat
Latihan Gajah (PLG), but the last few years this name was changed into
Elephant Conservation Center / Pusat Konservasi Gajah (PKG), which is
expected to become a center for elephant conservation in taming, training,
breeding and conserving elephants. Until now, this PKG has trained for about
300 elephants which have been deployed to all over the country.
In Way Kambas National Park, there are some endangered animals
such as Sumatran Rhinos, Sumatran elephant, Sumatran tiger, Mentok
Rimba, and Buaya sepit. There are also so some plants which are mostly
found there such as Api-api, Pidada, Nipah, and Pandan. On the marshy
coasts of Way Kambas National Park is often found various species of birds.
2. REPORT TEXT
“Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a

result of systematic observation and analyses.” (Report adalah sebuah teks yang
menghadirkan informasi tentang suatu hal secara apa adanya. Teks ini adalah
sebagai hasil dari observasi dan analisa secara sistematis.)
Generic Structure of Report text:
# General Clasification ; Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal,
public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general (Menyatakan klasifikasi
aspek umum hal; hewan, tempat umum, tanaman, dll yang akan dibahas secara
umum).
# Description : tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts,
qualities, habits or behaviors. (Pada bagian ini biasanya memberikan gambaran
fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi; baik bagian-bagiannya, sifat-sifatnya,
kebiasaannya, ataupun tingkah lakunya. Intinya adalah penjabaran dari klasifikasi
yang disajikan dengan ilmiah.)
Purpose of Report text

Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally
describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made: mammals, the planets,
rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.
The Characteristics / Language Feature of Report text:

– Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;
– Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;
– Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;
– Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always
begin over the sea;
– Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
– Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information;
repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.
Keterangan :
– General nouns, maksudnya adalah, suatu benda (baik itu hidup atau mati) yang
bersifat umum. Coba bandingkan : Hunting dogs >< My dog. Hunting dogs bersifat
umum; sedangkan my dog bersifat khusus. – Relating verbs, dalam grammar
disebut juga dengan linking verbs. Seperti to be [is, am, are: present], seem, look,
taste dan lain sebagainya. – Timeless present tense adalah salah satu penanda
waktu dalam simple present seperti “often, usually, always” dan lain-lain. –
Technical terms, maksudnya adalah istilah-istilah yang meliputi teks report tersebut.
Misalnya tentang “music” maka, istilah-istilah musik harus ada.
Example of Report Text – Pigeon
Pigeon refers to all birds of the family Columbidae and order Columbiformes.
They consist of 310 species. Some people may also know them as “Doves”. There is
no clear distinction between the use of the word “pigeons” and “doves” until today.
But generally, the word “Pigeons” is used to address the species known as the Rock
Dove, while the word “Doves” is used to address a pigeon that is white.
Pigeons exhibit various size and color based on their species. The smallest
species may have the size of 15 cm and weight 30 g, while the largest species can
grow up to 75 cm with the body weight of 2 kg. Some of their color are: pale gray,
white, brown, reddish and black. Most of them have two black bars on their wings.
They have a small head with short beak. Their body is compact with two large and
muscular wings and two short legs on it.
Pigeons can be found almost in any region in the world. They have been
domesticated since 10.000 years ago. they have been used by humans for several
purposes such as courier to deliver short written messages, sacred symbols in a
wedding ceremony, entertainment in a magic show and also as a racing birds. Some
species are also edible and they are served as food in some places.
3. RECOUNT TEXT
Recount text is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its
purpose is either to inform or to entertain the readers.
Generic Structures of the recount text:
#1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time.

#2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past.
#3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to
the story
Language Features of the recount text:
- Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
- Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
- Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
- Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
- Using simple past tense
Example of Recount Text – Vacation to London
Mr. Richard’s family was on vacation. They are Mr. and Mrs. Richard
with two sons. They went to London. They saw their travel agent and booked
their tickets. They went to the British Embassy to get visas to enter Britain.
They had booked fourteen days tour. This includes travel and
accommodation. They also included tours around London.
They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly fourteen
hours. On the plane the cabin crews were very friendly. They gave them
news paper and magazine to read. They gave them food and drink. There
was a film for their entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They
slept part of the way.
On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and
Immigration. The officers were pleasant. They checked the document
carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr. Richard and his family
collected their bags and went to London Welcome Desk. They arranged the
transfer to a hotel.
The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had perfect view
of the park. The room had its own bathroom and toilet. Instead of keys for
the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door. On the third floor, there
was a restaurant serving Asian and European food. They had variety of food.
The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-day, they
were quite tired but they felt very happy.
Generic Structure of Recount text about Vacation
1. Orientation : Clearly from the text above. the participant is Mr. Richard’s
family
2. Series of events: Mr. Richard’s family went to travel agent then they were
waiting for boarding on plane. The text continued how he arrive in Heathrow
airport. After that we can see that Mr. Richard’s family stayed in a four-star
hotel
3. Reorientation: A note from the participant. Mr. Richard’s family were happy
while spending vacation in London
That’s all about the best example of recount text about vacation to London.
Hopefully it helps to understand what recount text is. Happy learning.
4. NEWS ITEM TEXT

News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The
events are considered newsworthy or important. (News item adalah teks
yang memberikan informasi tentang kejadian / peristiwa harian. Peristiwa
harian ini dianggap pantas dijadikan berita atau [bisa dibilang] penting).
Generic Structure of News Item Text
# Main Events : Kejadian utama yang pantas dijadikan berita.
# Elaboration : Penjelasan mengenai latar belakang adanya peristiwa
tersebut; orang-orang yang terlibat dalam peristiwa tersebut; tempat dan
waktu peristiwa terjadi; dan lain-lain.
# Resource of Information (Source) : Sumber berita; komentar para saksi;
pendapat para ahli; dan lain-lain.
The Characteristics / Language Feature of News Item

– Focusing on circumstances (bahasanya singkat padat dan tidak bertele-
tele)
– Using material process
– Using action verbs (kata kerja yang menunjukan aktifitas)
– Using saying verbs (diberitakan, dikatakan, dikutip, mengatakan,
memberitakan, mengutip)
– Using adverb of time, adverb of place, adverb of manner.
Example of News items text – King Salman to give speech in

Arabic
Jakarta (JP) – Saudi Arabia’s King Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud is

scheduled to give a 10-minute speech in Arabic at the House of
Representatives on Thursday during his state visit to Indonesia. The king’s
speech will follow a speech which will be delivered by House Speaker
Setya Novanto.
“Each of them will have 10 minutes to speak,” acting House secretary-
general Achmad Djuned said on Monday evening.
The House has prepared all things needed to welcome the King. The King
is scheduled to arrive at the House at 1 p.m. on Thursday, March 2nd ,
2017. He will be in Indonesia from March 1st to 9th , bringing an
entourage of up to 1,500 people, including 25 princes and 10 ministers.
(Nurul The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Tue, February 28, 2017 | 12:31 pm).
5. PROCEDURE TEXT
Study again about procedure text on your book.

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GENRES OF TEXTS

“Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a

Purpose of Report text

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Report text:

Example of Report Text – Pigeon

#1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time.

4. NEWS ITEM TEXT

The Characteristics / Language Feature of News Item

Example of News items text – King Salman to give speech in

Jakarta (JP) – Saudi Arabia’s King Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud is

Study again about procedure text on your book.

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