Aluminium Casthouse Shapes Market Outlook 2018 Data

Aluminium Casthouse Shapes Market Outlook, July 2018
Chapter Tables
Executive Summary
i: Market indicators ex. China
II: LME aluminium cash and premiums forecasts
III: Remelt ingot production, net trade, premiums and netbacks ('000t)
IV: Billet production, net trade, premiums and netbacks ('000t)
V: Rolling slab production, net trade, premiums and netbacks ('000t)
VI: Primary foundry alloy production, net trade, premiums and netbacks ('000t)
VII: Secondary foundry alloy production, net trade, premiums and netbacks ('000t)
VIII: Wirerod production, net trade, premiums and netbacks ('000t)
Chapter 1 - Casthouse shapes demand

1.1: World consumption of aluminium semis by region ('000t)
1.2: World production of aluminium semis ('000t)
1.3: World unalloyed remelt ingot consumption ('000t)
1.4: World extrusions production and billet consumption ('000t)
1.5: World rolled products production and slab consumption ('000t)
1.6: World castings production and foundry ingot consumption ('000t)
1.7: World primary foundry alloy consumption ('000t)
1.8: World wire and cable production and wire rod consumption ('000t)
1.9: Extrusions consumption by end use ('000t)
1.10: Castings consumption by end use ('000t)
1.11: Rolled products consumption by end use ('000t)
Chapter 2 - Casthouse shapes production

2.1: World primary smelter casthouse production ('000t)
2.2: World primary remelt ingot production ('000t)
2.3: World extrusions billet production ('000t)
2.4: World rolling slab production ('000t)
2.5: World foundry alloy production ('000t)
2.6: World wire rod production ('000t)
2.7: World liquid metal production ('000t)
Chapter 3 - Trade and premiums
3.1: Ingot premiums, net trade and balance
3.2: Billet upcharges, net trade and balance
3.3: Slab upcharges, net trade and balance
3.4: Primary foundry alloy upcharges, net trade and balance
3.5: Secondary foundry alloy net trade and balance
3.6 Wire rod upcharges, net trade and balance
3.7: World third party slab consumption ('000t)
3.8: Slab consumption by rolling mill ('000t)
3.9: Slab production by rolling mill ('000t)
3.10: Slab purchases by rolling mill ('000t)
3.11: Slab net external by rolling mill ('000t)
3.12: High purity ingot, hard billet and alloyed slab upcharges
3.13: Quarterly ingot premiums and upcharges
3.14: Quarterly billet premiums and upcharges
3.15: Quarterly slab premiums and upcharges
3.16: Quarterly PFA premiums and upcharges
3.17: Quarterly wire rod premiums and upcharges
Chapter 4 - Costs and Netbacks

4.1: Typical ingot costs by region, 2015 ($/t)
4.2: Typical billet costs by region, 2015 ($/t)
4.3: Typical unalloyed slab costs by region, 2015 ($/t)
4.4: Typical primary foundry alloy costs by region, 2015 ($/t)
4.5: Typical unalloyed wire rod costs by region, 2015 ($/t)
4.6: Ocean freight rates and inland costs
4.7: Cost escalators and Corporate Costs
4.8: Corporate Cost over ingot for billet, slab, PFA and wire rod ($/t)
4.9: Shapes netbacks over ingot for billet, slab, PFA and wire rod, ($/t)
4.10: Shapes gross operating profits, ($/t)
Appendix A: Industrial and economic outlook

Link: Now available monthly
Please refer questions or queries to:
Henry Van
Senior Analyst, Aluminium primary and products
henry.van@crugroup.com
+44 207 903 2284
Statistical Review
Consumption
S1: Consumption of aluminium semis by product form ('000 t)
S2: Consumption of aluminium semis by end-use, ('000 t)
S3: Production of semis-finished aluminium by product form ('000 t)
Production
S.4: Shapes production by smelter ('000t)
S.5: Ingot production by smelter ('000t)
S.6: Billet production by smelter ('000t)
S.7: Primary foundry alloy production by smelter ('000t)
S.8: Slab production by smelter ('000t)
S.9: Wire rod production by smelter ('000t)
S.10:Ranking of VAP and ingot production by company ('000t)
S.11: Annual capacity by smelter ('000tpy)
S.12: Annual capacity by country ('000tpy)
S.13: Annual production by smelter ('000t)
S.14: Annual production by country ('000t)
S.15: Ownership and operators of world aluminium smelters
Historic Prices and Aluminium Market Data

S.16: Annual aluminium prices and ingot premiums
S.17: Annual aluminium inventories ('000t)
S.18: Quarterly aluminium reported inventories ('000t)
S.19: Primary aluminium regional market balances ('000t)
S.20: Chinese export tax, vat rebates and import tariffs for aluminium
S.21: Aluminium import and export tariff matrix
Secondary Capacity
S.22: CRU's estimates of secondary billet production capacity
S.23: CRU's estimates of selected operational secondary foundry alloy capacity
S.24: CRU's estimates of selected independent wire rod production capacity
Trade
Link: Trade report released separately
Table 1: Market Indicators ex. China
Primary Production ('000 t) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Ingot 12793 12218 12230 11864 12186 12628 12354
Liquid 1107 1003 1190 1300 1368 1442 1415
Billet 5499 5465 5382 5633 5430 5631 5876
Slab 4377 4138 4024 4051 3925 3949 4131
PFA 2446 2529 2468 2647 2716 2920 3154
Wire Rod 1289 1360 1339 1376 1450 1465 1561
CC Strip 383 380 361 347 317 303 312
Metal Requirement ('000 t)

Ingot 11960 12521 12476 12973 13038 13883 14365
Liquid 509 497 532 551 584 635 619
Billet 12494 12808 13072 13581 13616 13906 14580
Slab 16941 16979 17606 18321 18376 18868 19722
PFA 2380 2515 2545 2676 2731 2941 3139
SFA 8962 9446 9636 9941 10210 10403 10510
Wire Rod 3353 3392 3420 3450 3549 3709 3919
CC Strip 3255 3490 3158 3244 3324 3462 3428
Ingot Premiums
Rotterdam duty paid $/t 198 237 268 417 240 129 147
Germany delivered $/t 241 279 315 463 280 168 187
Japan 3-month CIF $/t 116 174 247 362 248 98 109
US Midwest DP cents/lb 7.9 9.9 11.2 19.8 12.9 7.6 9.0
US CIF Baltimore DUP cents/lb 5.2 7.3 8.6 17.1 10.2 5.0 6.3
Billet premium/upcharge1
Germany delivered premium $/t 454 438 488 750 541 350 366
Germany delivered upcharge $/t 213 159 173 287 262 182 179
Japan 3-month CIF upcharge $/t 209 150 174 176 158 155 145
US Midwest DP upcharge cents/lb 11.7 12.0 12.5 12.5 13.5 12.5 10.5
Unalloyed slab upcharge1

Japan 3-month CIF $/t 101 110 115 150 160 155 150
PFA upcharge1
Japan 3-month CIF $/t 105 148 151 152 165 140 130
US Midwest DP cents/lb 2
13.0 14.0 12.5 13.0 10.5
Wire rod upcharge1

Germany delivered $/t 295 237 186 308 297 180
US Midwest DP cents/lb 14.5 15.0 15.0 13.5 12.8
DATA: CRU. NOTE: 1. Shape upcharge over P1020 ignot on same delivery basis. 2. US PFA small ingot upcharge
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
12346 12665 12903 13370 13728 Back to
contents
1604 1884 2013 2153 2207
6056 6566 6945 7138 7276
4172 4435 4642 4844 4942
3184 3368 3472 3588 3686
1672 1787 1948 2062 2179
297 317 355 361 371
14238 14267 14041 14631 14946

705 879 919 996 999
15130 15668 16190 16738 17270
20550 21121 21582 22136 22384
3266 3385 3536 3677 3773
10719 11022 11190 11421 11724
4125 4317 4531 4743 4947
3586 3770 3884 4034 4455
179 209 226 239 250

223 254 273 287 299
126 139 150 160 160
20.3 22.4 24.2 24.4 24.2
7.0 8.5 9.5 9.3 8.9
500 520 510 500 500

277 266 237 213 201
150 160 160 150 155
9.7 13.2 12.1 11.6 11.6
130 150 130 118 118

145 170 150 130 130
7.4 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.6
228 231 207 203 196

120 140 135 130 130
9.2 12.0 10.7 10.3 10.3
228 226 207 193 191

12.3 13.0 13.3 13.4 13.4
Table II: LME aluminium cash and premium forecasts
Nominal metal prices & premiums1 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
LME Cash ($/t) 2395 2018 1845 1867 1661 1605 1969
Ingot Premiums2
US Midwest DP $/t 173 218 247 436 284 168 199
US CIF Baltimore DUP $/t 116 160 189 377 226 111 140
Rotterdam duty unpaid $/t 127 175 205 348 182 78 87
Japan 3-month CIF $/t 116 174 247 362 248 98 109
Billet premium/upcharge13
US Midwest upcharge annual upcharge cents/lb 11.7 12.0 12.5 12.5 13.5 12.5 10.5
US Midwest upcharge spot upcharge cents/lb 11.7 12.1 12.5 12.5 13.5 11.2 10.0
Japan 3-month CIF upcharge $/t 209 150 174 176 158 155 145
PFA premium/upcharge14
US Midwest DP small ingot upcharge cents/lb 13.0 14.0 12.5 13.0 10.5
US Midwest DP T-bar upcharge cents/lb 5.9 14.0 11.5 12.5 11.0 11.0 8.5
Japan 3-month CIF $/t 105 148 151 152 165 140 130
Unalloyed slab premium/upcharge15

Japan 3-month CIF $/t 101 110 115 150 160 155 150
Wire rod premium/upcharge16

US Midwest DP cents/lb 14.5 15.0 15.0 13.5 12.8
Germany delivered premium $/t 574 553 649 588 465 367
Germany delivered upcharge $/t 295 237 186 308 297 180
DATA: CRU. NOTE: 1. upcharges are over LME plus US Midwest, Japan 3-month CIF or Rotterdam DP ingot premium 2. US Midwest prompt P1020 metal, Rotterda
Japan 3-month 99.7% good western CIF material. 3. Billet premiums typically represent 7-8" 6063 with prompt payment terms of 30 days. CIF refers to cost, insuran
premiums typically represent prompt payment terms of 30 days. CIF refers to cost, insurance and freight. 5. Unalloyed slab premiums typically represent prompt pay
cost, insurance and freight. 6. Wire rod premiums typically represent prompt payment terms of 30 days.
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Back to
2177 2250 2395 2470 2500
contents
20.3 22.4 24.2 24.4 24.2

447 493 534 538 533
7.0 8.5 9.5 9.3 8.9
154 188 210 206 197
109 138 150 160 170
179 209 226 239 250
223 254 273 287 299
126 139 150 160 160
9.7 13.2 12.1 11.6 11.6

14.7 14.3 13.2 12.7 12.7
500 520 510 500 500
277 266 237 213 201
150 160 160 150 155
9.2 12.0 10.7 10.3 10.3

8.0 10.6 9.3 9.0 9.0
451 485 480 490 495
228 231 207 203 196
120 140 135 130 130
7.4 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.6

353 404 403 404 417
130 150 130 118 118
145 170 150 130 130
12.3 13.0 13.3 13.4 13.4

450 480 480 480 490
228 226 207 193 191
west prompt P1020 metal, Rotterdam prompt 99.7 good western material,
30 days. CIF refers to cost, insurance and freight Quotes over ingot. 4. PFA
ums typically represent prompt payment terms of 30 days. CIF refers to
Table III: Remelt ingot production, net trade and netbacks
Remelt ingot production 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Africa 1403 1262 1406 1373 1291 1274 1247
Asia 14683 15458 17157 17672 17896 16918 17074
of which China 11908 12826 14298 14097 13714 12305 12379
of which Japan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
of which Middle East ex. Turkey 1223 1059 1155 1733 2008 1896 1665
of which Turkey 8 5 2 4 4 7 0
of which India 749 737 744 970 1358 1669 1977
of which South Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
of which Rest of Asia 794 830 958 869 813 1042 1053
Australasia 1394 1361 1402 1345 1342 1403 1259
Central & S. America 1366 1306 1213 902 736 764 759
Total Europe 3447 3359 2997 2715 2718 2779 2623
of which Russia 2582 2522 2233 2043 2020 2085 1916
of which rest of Europe 865 837 764 672 698 694 707
North America 2409 2298 2353 1954 1917 1795 1770
of which Canada 1378 1267 1377 1186 1227 1557 1561
of which Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
of which United States 1031 1031 976 768 690 237 210
Total world 24702 25044 26528 25961 25899 24933 24733

World ex. China 12793 12218 12230 11864 12186 12628 12354
Remelt ingot requirement

Africa 259 295 290 314 371 392 424
Asia 16571 17166 19176 18773 17939 18202 16987
of which China 11703 12139 14158 13422 12267 12075 10543
of which Japan 1502 1569 1486 1529 1603 1649 1717
of which Turkey 578 618 526 587 582 636 650
of which India 704 666 677 675 697 754 721
Australasia 148 154 191 182 99 93 85
Total Europe 3056 3258 3064 3124 2938 3279 3335
of which Russia 335 378 385 367 331 368 378
North America 2965 3161 3202 3310 3342 3427 3484
of which Canada 173 198 254 252 237 249 232
of which Mexico 156 209 229 234 236 219 240
Total world 23663 24660 26634 26395 25304 25957 24908

World ex. China 11960 12521 12476 12973 13038 13883 14365
Remelt ingot net exports

Africa 1144 967 1116 1058 920 882 822
Asia -1888 -1708 -2020 -1101 -43 -1284 88
of which China 205 687 141 675 1447 230 1836
of which Japan -1502 -1569 -1486 -1529 -1603 -1649 -1717
of which Turkey -570 -613 -525 -583 -578 -630 -650
of which India 46 72 67 295 661 914 1257
of which South Korea -712 -746 -814 -914 -950 -950 -981
of which Rest of Asia -406 -335 -251 -426 -656 -574 -650
Australasia 1246 1207 1211 1162 1243 1310 1174
Total Europe 390 101 -66 -409 -220 -500 -712
of which Russia 2247 2144 1848 1676 1689 1717 1538
of which rest of Europe -1857 -2043 -1914 -2085 -1909 -2217 -2249
North America -556 -863 -849 -1356 -1425 -1633 -1713
of which Canada 1205 1069 1123 934 990 1308 1329
of which Mexico -156 -209 -229 -234 -236 -219 -240
of which United States -1605 -1723 -1743 -2056 -2179 -2722 -2802
Total world 1038 384 -106 -434 595 -1025 -175

World ex. China 833 -304 -246 -1109 -852 -1254 -2011
Ingot Premiums2
US Midwest DP $/t 173 218 247 436 284 168 199
US CIF Baltimore DUP $/t 116 160 189 377 226 111 140
Rotterdam duty unpaid $/t 127 175 205 348 182 78 87
Japan 3-month CIF $/t 116 174 247 362 248 98 109
Remelt ingot netbacks3

Russia (St.P)-Germany (via Rotterdam) 122 -10 -103 -136
Russia (St.P)-US Midwest 100 -18 -117 -134
Russia-Japan 138 57 -82 -112
Canada-Germany (via Rotterdam) 145 17 -79 -17
Canada-US Midwest 207 82 -28 -13
Canada-Japan 173 90 -55 -58
GCC-Germany (via Rotterdam) 179 29 -54 -63
GCC-US Midwest 214 78 -26 -14
GCC-Japan (Yokohama) 253 145 -3 -10
Merchant ingot prices

European Rotterdam (Euro/kg) 1.86 1.75 1.59 1.72 1.71 1.56 1.87
US Midwest (cents/lb) 117 102 95 104 88 80 98
Japan (Yen/t) 201 175 204 236 231 184 233
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2017-2022. 2. US Midwest prompt P1020 metal, Rotterdam prompt 99.7 good western material, Japan 3-mon
Europe is breakbulk, Canada to US is overland, GCC to Japan is ocean container.
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1
1235 1235 1232 1230 1236 -0.2% Back to
17278 18476 19047 19852 20162 3.4%
contents
12744 14274 14982 15410 15536 4.6%
0 0 0 0 0 -
1500 1507 1374 1286 1278 -5.1%
0 0 0 0 0 -
2043 1776 1552 1621 1556 -4.7%
0 0 0 0 0 -
991 919 1141 1534 1791 11.2%
1367 1386 1397 1438 1438 2.7%
567 707 966 1021 1021 6.1%
2860 3046 3054 3048 3019 2.8%
2178 2352 2377 2401 2412 4.7%
682 695 677 647 607 -3.0%
1783 2088 2188 2193 2388 6.2%
1549 1668 1648 1615 1774 2.6%
0 0 0 0 0 -
234 421 540 578 613 24.0%
25089 26939 27885 28781 29264 3.4%

12346 12665 12903 13370 13728 2.1%
481 468 468 486 529 4.5%

18296 18860 19673 20712 21814 5.1%
11903 12481 13416 14168 15014 7.3%
1630 1641 1576 1637 1648 -0.8%
719 661 703 740 850 4.8%
671 690 670 683 711 1.8%
630 553 500 527 539 -5.6%
965 969 917 982 957 -0.5%
1778 1865 1891 1974 2095 4.2%
94 87 87 83 89 0.8%
655 663 699 742 779 5.6%
3355 3462 3461 3540 3485 0.9%
348 350 350 358 370 -0.4%
3006 3112 3111 3183 3114 1.0%
3259 3207 3069 3236 3264 -1.3%
241 218 202 204 210 -2.0%
244 261 279 287 288 3.7%
2774 2728 2588 2745 2766 -1.7%
26140 26747 27457 28799 29960 3.8%

14238 14267 14041 14631 14946 0.8%
754 767 764 744 707 -3.0%

-1019 -384 -626 -860 -1652 -279.8%
841 1793 1566 1243 522 -22.2%
-1630 -1641 -1576 -1637 -1648 -0.8%
780 845 670 546 428 -15.5%
-671 -690 -670 -683 -711 1.8%
1413 1223 1052 1094 1017 -4.1%
-965 -969 -917 -982 -957 -0.5%
-787 -946 -751 -440 -304 -14.1%
1273 1299 1311 1355 1349 2.8%
-88 43 267 279 243 7.9%
-494 -416 -407 -493 -466 -8.1%
1829 2002 2027 2043 2041 5.8%
-2324 -2418 -2434 -2536 -2507 2.2%
-1477 -1118 -881 -1044 -876 -12.5%
1307 1450 1446 1410 1564 3.3%
-244 -261 -279 -287 -288 3.7%
-2540 -2307 -2048 -2167 -2153 -5.1%
-1051 192 428 -18 -696 31.8%

-1892 -1602 -1138 -1261 -1218 -9.5%
20.3 22.4 24.2 24.4 24.2 21.8%

447 493 534 538 533 21.8%
7.0 8.5 9.5 9.3 8.9 7.1%
154 188 210 206 197 7.1%
109 138 150 160 170 14.4%
179 209 226 239 250 11.2%
223 254 273 287 299 9.8%
126 139 150 160 160 8.0%
-135 -114 -116 -124 -125

-142 -115 -108 -131 -151
-116 -111 -114 -122 -133
-18 4 15 20 26
-12 19 35 23 9
-66 -59 -54 -50 -56
-71 -58 -50 -48 -47
-28 -10 6 -9 -25
-9 -8 0 3 -5
1.88 1.98 2.11 2.17 2.20

119 124 133 136 138
250 270 291 302 305
od western material, Japan 3-month 99.7% good western CIF material. 3. Russia to
Table IV: Billet production, net trade and netbacks
Billet primary production 2018 CAGR1

Africa 56 3.0% Back to
Asia 6464 3.4%
contents
of which China 3588 1.6%
of which Japan 0 -
of which Middle East ex. Turkey 2105 3.5%
of which Turkey 62 0.6%
of which India 503 14.3%
of which South Korea 0 -
of which Rest of Asia 205 13.5%
Australasia 312 1.3%
Central & S. America 248 1.2%
Total Europe 2011 3.5%
of which Russia 321 -2.3%
of which rest of Europe 1690 4.6%
North America 552 3.7%
of which Canada 152 2.5%
of which Mexico 0 -
of which United States 401 4.5%
Total world 9644 3.3%

World ex. China 6056 4.4%
Billet remelt production

Africa 457 4.4%
Asia 27826 3.8%
of which Japan 994 0.2%
of which South Korea 465 2.4%
Australasia 114 -5.9%
of which Russia 203 0.0%
of which Canada 522 -1.8%
of which Mexico 133 -1.5%

Billet requirement
Africa 563 7.4%
Asia 33195 3.7%
of which Japan 1194 1.5%
of which South Korea 475 2.4%
Australasia 148 -0.6%
of which Russia 319 2.0%
of which Canada 513 2.2%
of which Mexico 256 4.5%

Billet net exports

Africa -50 31.1% 11%
Asia 1095 4.4% -1%
of which China 0 - #DIV/0!
of which Japan -200 8.1% 3%
of which Middle East ex. Turkey 1500 1.5% -1%
of which Turkey -130 5.1% 6%
of which India 296 18.3% 7%
of which South Korea -10 0.0% 0%
of which Rest of Asia -361 0.0% 0%
Australasia 278 0.0%
Total Europe -515 3.1%
of which Russia 205 -6.6%
of which rest of Europe -720 0.2%
North America -853 4.1%
of which Canada 161 -4.7%
of which Mexico -123 10.3%
of which United States -891 0.5%
Total world -12

World ex. China -12
Billet Premiums/Upcharge2
US Midwest upcharge cents/lb 9.7 1.9%
US Midwest upcharge $/t 213 1.9%
Germany delivered premium $/t 500 6.4%
Germany delivered upcharge $/t 277 2.3%
Japan 3-month CIF upcharge$/t 150 1.3%
Billet netbacks3
Russia (St.P)-Germany (via Rotterdam) 128
Russia (St.P)-US Midwest 79
Russia-Japan 37
Canada-Germany (via Rotterdam) 144
Canada-US Midwest 64
Canada-Japan 17
GCC-Germany (via Rotterdam) 138
GCC-US Midwest 89
GCC-Japan (Yokohama) 47
Merchant billet prices

Germany delivered (Euro/kg) 2.13
US Midwest (cents/lb) 128.68
Japan (Yen/t) 265.93
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2017-2022. 2. Billet upcharges
typically represent 7-8" 6063 with prompt payment terms of 30 days. CIF refers to
cost, insurance and freight. Quotes are over ingot. 3. Netbacks are calculated on a
cost over ingot basis.
Table V: Slab production, net trade and netbacks
Slab primary production 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Africa 264 246 270 236 141 147 127
Asia 1269 1532 1535 1605 1869 2112 2238
of which China 774 1075 1100 1102 1232 1367 1414
of which Turkey 15 15 9 0 9 14 14
of which India 150 142 140 150 154 166 159
Australasia 211 207 192 132 73 49 44
Total Europe 2240 2054 1982 2025 2002 1974 2074
of which Russia 409 430 438 482 544 558 639
North America 1070 1105 1081 1103 1032 988 1015
of which Canada 706 740 730 747 683 692 716
Total world 5151 5213 5124 5153 5157 5316 5545

World ex. China 4377 4138 4024 4051 3925 3949 4131
Slab remelt production

Africa 293 304 289 339 414 444 466
Asia 10016 10521 12121 13672 14774 15874 17601
of which China 7336 7839 9158 10483 11390 12440 13896
of which Japan 1781 1778 1742 1857 1935 1945 2020
of which India 77 71 85 82 52 70 96
Australasia 197 228 228 226 0 0 0
Total Europe 5445 5637 5890 6117 6172 6365 6736
of which Russia 335 313 339 356 371 365 383
North America 3434 3454 3636 3718 3729 3928 3983
of which Canada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
of which Mexico 39 46 40 41 41 31 41
Total world 19904 20693 22772 24769 25817 27323 29470

World ex. China 12568 12854 13615 14286 14427 14884 15575
Slab requirement
Africa 557 550 559 575 555 590 593
Asia 11650 12380 13864 15518 16784 18070 19899
of which China 8109 8914 10258 11585 12622 13807 15310
of which Japan 1875 1852 1812 1931 1989 2028 2131
of which Turkey 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
of which India 227 214 225 232 206 236 255
Australasia 281 313 313 239 0 0 0
Total Europe 7544 7607 7852 8129 8178 8438 8920
of which Russia 407 423 456 480 511 546 587
North America 4405 4427 4604 4697 4716 4827 4891
of which Canada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
of which Mexico 8 10 10 11 10 9 9
Total world 25051 25893 27864 29905 30998 32675 35033

World ex. China 16941 16979 17606 18321 18376 18868 19722
Slab net exports

Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Asia -366 -326 -208 -240 -141 -84 -60
of which China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
of which Japan -88 -67 -64 -70 -54 -83 -111
of which Turkey -1 -1 -7 -16 -7 -2 -2
of which India 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Australasia 127 123 107 118 73 49 44
Total Europe 140 84 20 13 -3 -98 -110
of which Russia 337 320 321 358 403 377 435
North America 101 132 113 123 44 88 109
of which Canada 706 740 730 747 683 692 716
of which Mexico 31 36 30 30 31 22 33
Total world 3 14 32 16 -24 -35 -16

World ex. China 3 14 32 16 -24 -35 -16
Unalloyed slab premiums/upcharge2

US Midwest upcharge cents/lb 4.9 6.6 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.6
US Midwest upcharge $/t 107 145 162 164 168 168 168
Japan 3-month CIF upcharge$/t 101 110 115 150 160 155 150
Unalloyed slab netbacks3

Russia (St.P)-Germany (via Rotterdam) 92 109 105 95
Russia (St.P)-US Midwest 128 138 139 134
Russia-Japan 113 130 126 116
Canada-Germany (via Rotterdam) 63 73 71 66
Canada-US Midwest 104 109 110 105
Canada-Japan 84 95 92 81
GCC-Germany (via Rotterdam) 84 97 98 90
GCC-US Midwest 120 127 131 128
GCC-Japan (Yokohama) 105 118 119 111
Merchant slab prices

Germany delivered (Euro/kg) 1.95 1.85 1.69 1.82 1.84 1.69 2.00
US Midwest (cents/lb) 121.66 108.14 102.36 111.93 96.00 87.74 105.96
Japan (Yen/t) 208.59 208.59 208.59 208.59 208.59 208.59 208.59
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2017-2022. 2. Unalloyed slab upcharges typically represent prompt payment terms of 30 days. CIF refers to c
Netbacks are calculated on a cost over ingot basis.
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1
124 131 136 136 136 1.3% Back to
2471 2781 3006 3168 3221 7.6%
contents
1530 1598 1623 1644 1632 2.9%
0 0 0 0 0 -
736 958 1122 1193 1208 13.7%
14 14 15 15 15 0.6%
172 187 205 246 262 10.5%
0 0 0 0 0 -
19 24 41 70 105 46.9%
46 46 46 46 46 1.3%
44 47 51 51 51 1.6%
1939 1866 1841 1863 1895 -1.8%
543 419 412 433 464 -6.2%
1396 1446 1429 1431 1431 -0.1%
1078 1162 1185 1224 1224 3.8%
704 751 756 756 756 1.1%
0 0 0 0 0 -
374 411 429 468 468 9.4%
5702 6033 6265 6488 6574 3.5%

4172 4435 4642 4844 4942 3.6%
483 480 483 487 496 1.3%

18406 19352 20266 21131 22135 4.7%
14535 15335 16163 17041 18085 5.4%
1955 1947 1935 1951 1963 -0.6%
234 235 237 242 252 7.9%
0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
89 97 104 79 66 -7.1%
1086 1130 1140 1130 1117 2.9%
508 608 686 687 652 7.7%
0 0 0 0 0 -
715 728 749 778 780 2.6%
7066 7252 7352 7519 7553 2.3%
404 433 477 533 560 7.9%
6662 6819 6874 6987 6993 1.9%
4219 4195 4322 4440 4530 2.6%
0 0 0 0 0 -
34 34 34 35 35 -3.5%
4186 4161 4288 4405 4495 2.7%
30889 32006 33171 34355 35493 3.8%

16354 16671 17009 17313 17408 2.3%
606 611 619 623 632 1.3%

20951 22109 23173 24215 25254 4.9%
16065 16933 17785 18685 19717 5.2%
2094 2087 2071 2085 2092 -0.4%
648 781 860 942 951 12.9%
16 16 16 16 16 0.0%
261 284 310 325 328 5.2%
1256 1280 1299 1293 1282 2.5%
611 728 832 868 868 10.2%
0 0 0 0 0 -
759 775 800 828 830 2.6%
9157 9333 9472 9674 9729 1.8%
622 679 732 796 824 7.0%
8534 8654 8740 8878 8906 1.3%
5142 5226 5304 5482 5655 2.9%
0 0 0 0 0 -
10 10 10 11 11 2.6%
5132 5216 5293 5472 5645 2.9%
36615 38054 39367 40822 42101 3.7%

20550 21121 21582 22136 22384 2.6%
0 0 0 0 0 -
-74 24 98 108 142 -218.9%
0 0 0 0 0 -
-139 -140 -135 -134 -129 3.1%
321 412 499 494 508 12.0%
-2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -5.2%
0 0 0 25 41 -
-170 -150 -159 -163 -165 -0.2%
-84 -96 -105 -112 -112 9.9%
46 46 46 46 46 1.3%
0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
-151 -216 -279 -291 -281 20.7%
324 173 158 169 201 -14.3%
-475 -389 -437 -460 -482 -2.4%
155 131 203 182 98 -2.1%
704 751 756 756 756 1.1%
24 24 24 24 24 -6.4%
-572 -644 -576 -598 -681 1.2%
-24 -14 69 45 6
-24 -14 69 45 6
7.4 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.6 0.0%

163 175 170 167 167 0.0%
353 404 403 404 417 5.3%
130 150 130 118 118 -2.7%
145 170 150 130 130 -2.8%
84 95 70 55 51
107 108 99 94 90
105 121 96 74 69
55 70 46 30 25
79 84 76 70 65
70 90 66 43 37
82 100 79 65 63
105 114 108 104 102
103 127 105 84 82
1.98 2.10 2.22 2.27 2.30

126.43 132.35 140.57 144.03 145.18
208.59 208.59 208.59 208.59 208.59
nt terms of 30 days. CIF refers to cost, insurance and freight. Quotes are over ingot. 3.
Table VI: Primary foundry alloy production, net trade and netbacks
PFA production 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Africa 35 31 33 31 23 31 34
Asia 2209 2478 2618 3003 3175 3488 3820
of which China 1542 1691 1752 2004 2157 2339 2582
Australasia 357 247 122 132 133 83 119
Total Europe 916 943 878 913 994 1127 1206
of which Russia 332 409 393 377 413 455 510
North America 383 423 473 470 467 423 414
of which Canada 302 288 360 366 378 359 352
Total world 3988 4220 4220 4651 4873 5260 5736

World ex. China 2446 2529 2468 2647 2716 2920 3154
PFA requirement
Africa 29 31 32 34 37 41 44
Asia 2387 2602 2619 2949 3129 3376 3700
of which China 1542 1691 1752 2004 2157 2339 2582
of which Japan 272 325 281 317 307 282 300
of which Turkey 118 104 110 117 131 149 172
of which India 70 69 81 108 131 156 179
Australasia 10 8 7 4 3 2 1
Total Europe 906 854 866 901 938 1003 1081
of which Russia 28 35 29 35 38 31 45
North America 478 597 653 694 706 780 782
of which Canada 30 34 33 36 36 45 44
of which Mexico 261 291 287 322 364 412 428
Total world 3921 4206 4297 4679 4888 5280 5721

World ex. China 2380 2515 2545 2676 2731 2941 3139
PFA net exports

Africa 7 0 2 -3 -14 -10 -9
Asia -178 -124 -2 54 46 112 120
of which Japan -272 -325 -281 -317 -307 -282 -300
of which Turkey -115 -100 -108 -113 -127 -141 -164
of which India -56 -65 -81 -108 -131 -156 -179
Australasia 347 239 115 128 130 81 118
Central & S. America -24 -16 -25 3 4 30 30
Total Europe 10 90 12 12 56 124 124
of which Russia 304 374 364 342 375 423 464
North America -94 -175 -180 -223 -238 -357 -367
of which Canada 272 254 327 330 341 314 308
of which Mexico -261 -291 -286 -321 -364 -413 -428
Total world 67 14 -78 -29 -15 -20 15

World ex. China 67 14 -78 -29 -15 -20 15
PFA premiums/upcharge2
US Midwest upcharge small ingot cents/lb 0 0 13 14 13 13 11
US Midwest upcharge small ingot $/t 0 0 287 309 276 286 231
US Midwest upcharge t-bar cents/lb 6 14 12 13 11 11 9
US Midwest upcharge t-bar $/t 129 309 254 276 243 242 187
Japan 3-month CIF upcharge$/t 105 148 151 152 165 140 130
PFA netbacks3
Russia (St.P)-Germany (via Rotterdam) 24 125 41 21
Russia-Japan 9 66 24 41
Canada-Germany (via Rotterdam) 9 94 29 70
Canada-Japan -6 35 11 13
GCC-Germany (via Rotterdam) 57 154 58 45
GCC-US Midwest 199 206 186 166
GCC-Japan (Yokohama) 43 95 40 64
253 145 -3 -10
Merchant PFA prices
Germany delivered (Euro/kg) 1.83 1.95 2.02 1.80 2.08
US Midwest (cents/lb) 108.01 118.48 100.87 93.11 108.86
Japan (Yen/t) 208.87 186.64 218.91 251.80 251.15 200.36 247.56
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2017-2022. 2. PFA upcharges typically represent prompt payment terms of 30 days. CIF refers to cost, insura
calculated on a cost over ingot basis.
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1
37 43 47 47 47 6.4% Back to
4250 4676 4975 5294 5707 8.4%
contents
2849 3084 3333 3588 3942 8.8%
0 0 0 0 0 -
1177 1254 1290 1308 1308 3.8%
8 8 8 8 8 0.6%
28 101 94 107 112 -
0 0 0 0 0 -
188 230 251 283 337 18.0%
129 130 130 130 130 1.9%
141 161 171 171 171 3.7%
1097 1037 1066 1117 1158 -0.8%
409 339 343 385 420 -3.8%
688 697 722 733 738 1.2%
379 398 407 407 407 -0.3%
316 333 335 335 335 -1.0%
0 0 0 0 0 -
63 64 72 72 72 3.0%
6033 6444 6796 7167 7621 5.8%

3184 3360 3463 3579 3678 3.1%
52 63 71 74 75 11.4%
3974 4245 4530 4840 5229 7.2%
2807 3026 3280 3537 3895 8.6%
326 329 311 318 320 1.3%
39 48 56 62 67 10.4%
177 178 180 181 185 1.5%
206 233 252 272 289 10.0%
235 253 268 280 277 2.0%
183 178 183 188 197 2.3%
0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
123 132 147 159 169 8.5%
1114 1163 1208 1242 1272 3.3%
64 73 78 85 89 14.4%
1050 1091 1130 1157 1183 2.7%
811 808 859 899 922 3.4%
44 38 37 37 39 -2.1%
430 434 470 490 503 3.3%
338 336 352 372 380 4.1%
6073 6411 6816 7214 7667 6.0%

3266 3385 3536 3677 3773 3.7%
-15 -20 -24 -27 -29 24.6%

277 431 454 463 486 32.3%
42 58 53 51 48 -
-326 -329 -311 -318 -320 1.3%
1139 1205 1234 1245 1241 3.5%
-170 -170 -172 -174 -177 1.5%
-178 -133 -158 -165 -177 -0.3%
-235 -253 -268 -280 -277 2.0%
5 52 76 104 148 -238.9%
129 130 130 130 130 2.0%
19 29 24 12 2 -41.9%
-17 -127 -143 -125 -114 -198.3%
345 267 265 300 331 -6.5%
-362 -393 -408 -424 -445 5.5%
-432 -402 -452 -491 -515 7.0%
273 297 298 298 296 -0.8%
-430 -434 -470 -490 -503 3.3%
-274 -265 -279 -299 -308 4.4%
-39 42 -10 -38 -39

-81 -17 -64 -89 -87
9 12 11 10 10 -0.4%
203 265 236 227 227 -0.4%
8 11 9 9 9 1.1%
176 234 205 198 198 1.1%
451 485 480 490 495 5.8%
228 231 207 203 196 0.9%
120 140 135 130 130 0.0%
41 12 -17 -15 -26

81 110 82 82 79
19 11 4 8 5
132 120 97 101 87
87 127 103 102 95
24 29 25 28 21
74 66 40 36 29
115 163 138 133 134
53 65 61 58 60
-9 -8 0 3 -5
2.09 2.20 2.32 2.37 2.40

128.23 136.43 143.57 146.74 147.89
262.67 285.97 306.54 316.52 319.96
30 days. CIF refers to cost, insurance and freight. Quotes are over ingot. 3. Netbacks are
Table VII: Secondary foundry alloy production, net trade and netbacks
SFA production 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Africa 138 163 173 196 211 238 275
Asia 5457 6519 7326 7736 7918 8806 9126
of which China 3090 3839 4541 4903 5096 5844 5993
of which Japan 396 480 572 504 520 536 482
of which Turkey 182 229 236 226 256 321 341
of which India 699 800 735 748 819 875 898
Australasia 146 143 130 116 154 145 69
Total Europe 3166 3150 3185 3330 3353 3412 3370
of which Russia 624 648 671 622 520 503 525
North America 2369 2640 2745 2895 2983 2988 2991
of which Canada 110 196 288 292 307 306 378
of which Mexico 312 363 420 415 385 387 442
Total world 11477 12822 13741 14382 14727 15669 15914

World ex. China 8387 8983 9200 9479 9631 9825 9920
SFA requirement
Africa 57 67 75 85 107 122 135
Asia 6917 7821 8514 9063 9353 10141 10459
of which China 3698 4367 4974 5447 5653 6318 6517
of which Japan 1082 1164 1189 1176 1141 1188 1243
of which Turkey 171 199 239 266 297 319 338
of which India 760 856 787 797 859 926 943
Australasia 134 129 126 115 121 121 69
Total Europe 2945 2919 2929 3046 3119 3213 3234
of which Russia 401 430 430 368 284 281 300
North America 2400 2671 2771 2925 3016 3016 3028
of which Canada 183 200 207 213 219 210 206
of which Mexico 344 395 446 445 418 416 479
Total world 12660 13813 14610 15387 15863 16721 17027

World ex. China 8962 9446 9636 9941 10210 10403 10510
SFA net exports

Africa 81 96 99 111 104 116 140
Asia -243 -247 -320 -239 -322 -386 -286
of which China 608 527 434 544 557 475 523
of which Japan -686 -684 -617 -672 -621 -652 -761
of which Turkey 10 30 -3 -40 -41 2 3
of which India -61 -56 -52 -49 -41 -52 -45
of which South Korea -23 15 22 40 54 -11 62
Australasia 12 15 4 1 33 24 0
Central & S. America -5 1 -15 -44 -38 -27 -19
Total Europe 221 230 256 283 234 198 135
of which Russia 223 219 240 254 235 222 225
of which rest of Europe -3 12 16 29 -1 -24 -89
North America -31 -31 -26 -30 -33 -29 -37
of which Canada -73 -5 81 80 89 96 172
of which Mexico -31 -31 -26 -30 -33 -29 -37
of which United States 73 5 -81 -80 -89 -96 -172
Total world 34 64 -2 82 -22 -103 -67

World ex. China -575 -463 -436 -462 -579 -577 -590
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2017-2022.

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1
296 316 343 378 430 9.3% Back to
9443 9675 9982 10299 10463 2.8%
contents
6218 6292 6488 6674 6684 2.2%
451 457 442 444 442 -1.7%
177 177 180 187 194 4.5%
335 344 357 362 372 1.8%
963 1024 1085 1150 1241 6.7%
446 462 463 468 466 0.9%
854 918 967 1013 1065 5.6%
60 61 60 60 60 -2.7%
87 92 89 89 92 1.9%
3493 3567 3563 3571 3655 1.6%
534 557 568 579 590 2.3%
2960 3010 2995 2992 3065 1.5%
3031 3052 3101 3151 3157 1.1%
378 387 389 398 398 1.1%
484 482 515 513 500 2.5%
2169 2183 2196 2239 2259 0.8%
16411 16762 17139 17549 17856 2.3%

10193 10470 10650 10874 11172 2.4%
145 155 168 186 211 9.3%

10731 10988 11295 11639 11809 2.5%
6741 6822 7034 7236 7247 2.1%
1162 1178 1139 1146 1138 -1.7%
155 155 158 164 170 4.5%
332 341 355 359 369 1.8%
1011 1076 1139 1208 1303 6.7%
385 398 399 403 401 0.9%
946 1017 1071 1123 1180 5.6%
60 61 60 60 60 -2.7%
107 113 110 109 113 1.9%
3345 3439 3450 3473 3582 2.1%
305 318 325 331 337 2.3%
3040 3120 3125 3142 3245 2.0%
3071 3090 3141 3190 3196 1.1%
206 211 212 217 217 1.1%
525 523 558 556 542 2.5%
2340 2356 2370 2416 2437 0.8%
17460 17844 18224 18657 18971 2.2%

10719 11022 11190 11421 11724 2.2%
151 161 175 193 219 9.3%

-242 -253 -221 -216 -220 -5.1%
523 530 546 562 563 1.5%
-711 -721 -697 -701 -697 -1.7%
22 22 22 23 24 4.5%
3 3 3 3 3 1.8%
-48 -51 -54 -58 -62 6.7%
62 64 64 65 65 0.9%
-92 -99 -105 -110 -115 5.6%
0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
-20 -21 -20 -20 -21 1.9%
148 128 113 98 72 -11.8%
228 238 243 248 252 2.3%
-80 -110 -130 -150 -180 15.1%
-40 -37 -40 -39 -40 1.4%
172 176 177 181 181 1.1%
-41 -41 -43 -43 -42 2.5%
-171 -172 -173 -177 -178 0.8%
-3 -22 7 15 11
-526 -552 -539 -546 -552
Table VIII: Wire rod production, net trade and netbacks
Wire rod primary production 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Africa 51 50 49 50 48 46 65
Asia 438 490 565 1150 1540 1806 2155
of which China 4 0 96 673 994 1209 1481
of which India 429 485 465 474 544 566 641
Total Europe 489 528 514 567 572 588 594
of which Russia 251 278 272 275 262 283 305
North America 174 143 160 163 172 140 134
of which Canada 95 73 97 103 105 110 102
Total world 1293 1360 1435 2049 2444 2674 3041

World ex. China 1289 1360 1339 1376 1450 1465 1561
Wire rod remelt production

Africa 17 44 52 80 108 110 107
Asia 4440 4856 5073 4759 4576 4587 4681
of which China 3027 3414 3643 3296 3114 3047 3069
of which Japan 36 37 37 34 34 33 41
of which Turkey 64 68 53 50 55 50 49
of which India 520 500 458 425 446 500 480
Australasia 33 33 28 50 84 78 49
Total Europe 184 224 225 175 140 158 194
of which Russia 16 26 49 40 41 57 55
North America 300 279 281 233 205 241 275
of which Canada 156 135 152 144 100 123 156
of which Mexico 24 20 22 18 17 22 20
Total world 5089 5482 5721 5386 5187 5270 5416

World ex. China 2063 2068 2078 2090 2074 2223 2347
Wire rod requirement

Africa 116 122 133 152 171 183 203
Asia 4798 5249 5565 5868 6106 6357 6753
of which China 3026 3409 3738 3967 4103 4254 4548
of which Japan 33 35 33 34 34 33 41
of which Turkey 53 60 60 60 67 70 72
of which India 942 968 913 916 1001 1080 1138
Australasia 36 37 36 43 47 48 49
Total Europe 722 735 756 731 720 728 743
of which Russia 192 207 215 199 185 184 182
North America 466 462 464 415 403 443 505
of which Canada 122 95 122 116 83 89 93
of which Mexico 49 51 50 54 53 54 53
Total world 6380 6801 7158 7417 7652 7963 8467

World ex. China 3353 3392 3420 3450 3549 3709 3919
Wire rod net exports

Africa -48 -28 -32 -22 -14 -27 -30
Asia 79 97 73 41 10 36 83
of which Turkey 10 8 -7 -10 -12 -20 -23
of which India 7 17 11 -17 -11 -15 -17
of which South Korea 0 6 2 2 1 0 -9
of which Rest of Asia 10 -12 -16 -11 -1 -11 0
Australasia -3 -4 -8 8 37 30 0
Central & S. America 16 0 6 0 -18 -14 -13
Total Europe -50 17 -17 10 -8 18 46
of which Russia 75 97 106 116 119 156 178
North America 8 -40 -23 -18 -27 -62 -95
of which Canada 129 113 128 131 123 144 165
of which Mexico -25 -31 -29 -36 -36 -31 -33
Total world 3 42 -1 18 -21 -19 -10

World ex. China -2 36 -2 16 -25 -21 -11
Wire rod premiums/upcharge2

US Midwest upcharge cents/lb 13.0 14.5 15.0 15.0 13.5 12.8
US Midwest upcharge $/t 287 320 331 331 298 281
Germany delivered premium $/t 574 553 649 588 465 367
Germany delivered upcharge $/t 295 237 186 308 297 180
Wire rod netbacks3

Russia (St.P)-Germany (via Rotterdam) -11 132 133 -6
Canada-Germany (via Rotterdam) -9 132 132 110
Merchant wire rod prices

Germany delivered (Euro/kg) 2.01 2.21 2.24 1.99 2.20
US Midwest (cents/lb) 109.51 119.48 103.37 93.64 111.11
Japan (Yen/t)
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2017-2022. 2. Unalloyed slab upcharges typically represent prompt payment terms of 30 days. CIF refers to c
Netbacks are calculated on a cost over ingot basis.
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1
62 70 71 71 71 1.6% Back to
2394 2407 2701 2841 3066 7.3%
contents
1555 1481 1632 1674 1773 3.7%
0 0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 0 -
793 866 990 1073 1203 13.4%
0 0 0 0 0 -
47 60 78 94 90 21.8%
0 0 0 0 0 -
64 64 66 66 66 -6.5%
566 582 597 612 604 0.3%
252 262 271 265 261 -3.1%
314 321 327 347 343 3.4%
141 145 146 146 146 1.7%
108 112 112 112 112 1.8%
0 0 0 0 0 -
33 33 34 34 34 1.2%
3226 3268 3580 3736 3952 5.4%

1672 1787 1948 2062 2179 6.9%
137 160 156 165 174 10.2%

4740 4951 4932 5050 5097 1.7%
3144 3303 3254 3300 3299 1.5%
42 43 43 44 45 1.8%
549 583 624 664 701 6.4%
59 66 73 77 79 10.2%
405 407 379 402 383 -4.4%
35 36 37 39 40 2.9%
506 513 521 524 550 2.2%
52 55 58 60 63 5.2%
116 122 138 156 167 8.7%
203 210 205 193 200 0.6%
56 64 50 46 45 -4.0%
147 146 155 148 155 2.2%
294 311 329 345 366 5.9%
144 146 148 149 151 -0.7%
20 22 24 25 26 5.5%
130 143 157 171 188 13.9%
5541 5810 5817 5970 6066 2.3%

2397 2507 2563 2670 2768 3.3%
216 226 236 245 255 4.7%

7025 7243 7506 7754 8019 3.5%
4696 4781 4885 4972 5070 2.2%
42 43 43 44 45 1.8%
411 436 467 497 524 6.4%
71 74 78 82 84 3.3%
1217 1301 1403 1511 1624 7.4%
45 46 47 49 50 2.8%
543 562 583 600 622 3.4%
52 55 58 60 63 5.4%
230 246 264 281 293 6.3%
774 792 807 821 823 2.1%
183 186 186 186 186 0.4%
591 606 621 635 638 2.6%
525 535 545 554 563 2.2%
97 99 100 102 103 2.1%
54 55 57 58 60 2.4%
374 381 388 394 400 2.3%
8821 9098 9416 9715 10016 3.4%

4125 4317 4531 4743 4947 4.8%
-17 4 -9 -8 -10 -19.7%

109 115 126 137 144 11.6%
2 2 2 2 2 1.3%
0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
138 147 157 167 177 6.4%
-12 -8 -5 -5 -5 -26.2%
-19 -28 -34 -36 -38 17.0%
-10 -10 -10 -10 -10 2.5%
10 12 15 19 18 114.9%
0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
-50 -60 -60 -60 -60 34.8%
-5 0 -5 -15 -20 -184.7%
125 140 135 125 120 -7.6%
-130 -140 -140 -140 -140 1.1%
-90 -80 -71 -63 -52 -11.4%
155 159 159 159 159 -0.7%
-34 -34 -33 -34 -34 0.2%
-211 -205 -197 -189 -178 -4.8%
-54 -20 -18 -9 2

-56 -22 -20 -11 0
12.3 13.0 13.3 13.4 13.4 1.0%

270 287 293 295 295 1.0%
450 480 480 480 490 5.9%
228 226 207 193 191 1.2%
11 -1 -33 -57 -71

151 161 160 154 144
151 146 123 106 98
182 194 197 195 190
2.24 2.36 2.50 2.56 2.60

131.28 137.43 146.17 149.84 150.99
nt terms of 30 days. CIF refers to cost, insurance and freight. Quotes are over ingot. 3.
Table 1.1: World consumption of aluminium semis ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Africa 964 1045 1130 1199 1276 1326 1448 1576

Asia 37804 41658 45150 48321 50457 54003 57016 59498
of which China 25102 28349 31792 34424 36142 39107 41558 43485
of which Japan 3432 3535 3514 3593 3498 3582 3707 3677
of which Middle East ex. Turkey 1359 1370 1232 1380 1446 1483 1542 1632
of which Turkey 813 878 872 962 1046 1122 1196 1234
of which India 2544 2675 2572 2644 2870 3075 3209 3450
of which South Korea 1545 1555 1611 1677 1722 1719 1718 1724
of which Rest of Asia 3009 3296 3557 3641 3732 3915 4087 4296
Australasia 517 524 528 522 522 517 469 459
Central & S. America 2127 2125 2200 2118 1995 1853 1957 2055
Total Europe 12668 12363 12445 12820 13004 13384 13807 14282
of which Russia 1141 1228 1243 1127 1023 1018 1064 1090
of which rest of Europe 11527 11135 11202 11693 11981 12366 12743 13192
North America 9831 10563 10840 11378 11853 12112 12692 13187
of which Canada 817 856 871 911 946 960 1002 1039
of which Mexico 1117 1295 1404 1464 1531 1604 1730 1820
of which United States 7897 8413 8565 9003 9376 9548 9960 10329
Total world 63911 68279 72293 76358 79107 83194 87390 91056
World ex. China 38810 39930 40501 41934 42965 44088 45831 47571
Product form
of which rolled products 19594 20424 21356 22656 23630 24666 26032 27238
of which extrusions 20871 22537 24417 25785 26688 28268 29829 31153
of which castings 15587 16938 17773 18863 19506 20681 21383 22121
of which wire and cable 6145 6625 6931 7145 7361 7655 8122 8453
of which forgings 503 524 537 578 596 594 645 676
of which other 1212 1231 1279 1331 1327 1331 1379 1414
End use
Transport 16288 17288 18190 19513 20471 21750 22972 24050
Construction 16283 17744 18864 19787 20346 21197 21795 22636
Packaging 5171 5341 5520 5735 5972 6121 6320 6543
Foil stock 4847 5067 5623 6021 6198 6509 6904 7123
Electrical 7296 7686 8156 8489 8762 9504 10275 10549
Consumer durables 3551 3765 3916 4186 4326 4571 4782 5086
Machinery & Equipment 6462 7223 7645 8053 8351 8763 9445 10078
Other 4013 4162 4374 4573 4682 4779 4896 4991
Data: CRU, EAA, GDA, GTIS, AA, JAA, WMBS, ABAL, CAIAMA, KONMA, NBS, CNIA, IMEDAL
Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2017-2022
2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
1716 1871 2022 2187 8.6%
62062 64288 66422 68841 3.8%
45330 46925 48333 50033 3.8%
3746 3712 3767 3785 0.4%
1695 1778 1863 1933 4.6%
1282 1327 1367 1421 3.5%
3692 3954 4225 4541 7.2%
1792 1840 1889 1911 2.1%
4525 4753 4979 5219 5.0%
456 455 467 478 0.4%
2161 2263 2349 2426 4.4%
14747 15039 15297 15639 2.5%
1136 1160 1183 1199 2.4%
13610 13879 14114 14440 2.5%
13437 13712 14095 14439 2.6%
1051 1065 1093 1118 2.2%
1918 2039 2102 2163 4.6%
10468 10608 10901 11158 2.3%
94579 97628 100653 104011 3.5%

49249 50704 52319 53977 3.3%
28408 29394 30476 31666 4.0%

32489 33447 34268 35377 3.5%
22800 23537 24318 25040 3.2%
8716 9018 9303 9589 3.4%
704 728 749 768 3.5%
1463 1504 1539 1571 2.6%
25151 26127 27179 28372 4.3%

23694 24018 24529 25322 3.0%
6800 7024 7244 7459 3.4%
7388 7608 7841 8086 3.2%
10572 11131 11432 11686 2.6%
5286 5469 5651 5825 4.0%
10531 10977 11389 11789 4.5%
5157 5273 5388 5472 2.2%
Table 1.2: World production of aluminium semis ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Africa 793 832 846 897 938 1040 1131 1211

Asia 38631 42401 46279 50012 52262 55796 59406 62109
of which China 26290 29563 33232 36262 38046 41086 44012 45996
of which Japan 3539 3652 3614 3725 3652 3676 3809 3776
of which Turkey 1016 1087 1065 1174 1252 1331 1389 1438
of which India 2497 2605 2557 2656 2822 3018 3150 3380
Australasia 488 507 503 456 320 315 267 259
Total Europe 12521 12340 12509 12772 12809 13254 13648 14068
of which Russia 1229 1300 1335 1234 1143 1149 1215 1241
North America 9466 10128 10308 10674 10924 11081 11302 11645
of which Canada 742 796 815 837 860 874 836 852
of which Mexico 773 887 941 983 995 1047 1137 1174
Total world 63850 68116 72424 76729 79052 83151 87527 91160
World ex. China 37560 38553 39191 40467 41006 42065 43514 45164
Product form
of which rolled products 19661 20387 21580 22970 23689 24770 26286 27474
of which extrusions 20773 22521 24393 25884 26609 28149 29725 31027
of which castings 15587 16938 17773 18863 19506 20681 21383 22121
of which wire and cable 6124 6529 6872 7120 7346 7645 8129 8468
of which forgings 503 524 537 578 596 594 645 676
of which other 1201 1217 1268 1314 1307 1313 1359 1394
2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
1268 1345 1392 1498 5.8%
64932 67389 69721 72380 4.0%
48028 49781 51368 53275 3.9%
3823 3767 3804 3811 0.0%
2194 2346 2514 2664 8.4%
1483 1526 1564 1619 3.1%
3652 3902 4148 4438 7.1%
2076 2172 2248 2266 2.8%
3676 3894 4075 4306 5.5%
253 252 258 268 0.1%
1963 2044 2125 2200 4.4%
14476 14703 14926 15209 2.2%
1309 1359 1405 1456 3.7%
13167 13344 13521 13754 2.0%
11834 12051 12409 12671 2.3%
858 866 883 894 1.4%
1208 1287 1321 1327 3.1%
9768 9898 10206 10450 2.3%
94726 97783 100830 104226 3.6%

46697 48002 49463 50951 3.2%
28648 29649 30772 32004 4.0%

32400 33350 34151 35254 3.5%
22800 23537 24318 25040 3.2%
8734 9039 9327 9616 3.4%
704 728 749 768 3.5%
1440 1480 1514 1545 2.6%
Table 1.3: World unalloyed remelt ingot consumption ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Africa 259 295 290 314 371 392 424 481

Asia 16571 17166 19176 18773 17939 18202 16987 18296
of which China 11703 12139 14158 13422 12267 12075 10543 11903
of which Japan 1502 1569 1486 1529 1603 1649 1717 1630
of which Turkey 578 618 526 587 582 636 650 671
of which India 704 666 677 675 697 754 721 630
Australasia 148 154 191 182 99 93 85 94
Total Europe 3056 3258 3064 3124 2938 3279 3335 3355
of which Russia 335 378 385 367 331 368 378 348
North America 2965 3161 3202 3310 3342 3427 3484 3259
of which Canada 173 198 254 252 237 249 232 241
of which Mexico 156 209 229 234 236 219 240 244
Total world 23663 24660 26634 26395 25304 25957 24908 26140
World ex. China 11960 12521 12476 12973 13038 13883 14365 14238
By product type
For rolled products 9620 9133 9799 9962 8731 8861 8704 8578
For billet 9699 10757 12067 12328 12816 13497 12785 13935
For castings 780 894 983 1029 1038 1136 1172 1217
For wire rod 3564 3877 3784 3075 2719 2463 2247 2411

2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
468 468 486 529 4.5%
18860 19673 20712 21814 5.1%
12481 13416 14168 15014 7.3%
1641 1576 1637 1648 -0.8%
661 703 740 850 4.8%
690 670 683 711 1.8%
553 500 527 539 -5.6%
969 917 982 957 -0.5%
1865 1891 1974 2095 4.2%
87 87 83 89 0.8%
663 699 742 779 5.6%
3462 3461 3540 3485 0.9%
350 350 358 370 -0.4%
3112 3111 3183 3114 1.0%
3207 3069 3236 3264 -1.3%
218 202 204 210 -2.0%
261 279 287 288 3.7%
2728 2588 2745 2766 -1.7%
26747 27457 28799 29960 3.8%

14267 14041 14631 14946 0.8%
8711 8679 9364 9675 -3.6%

14199 14895 15429 16225 3.2%
1226 1264 1293 1308 2.2%
2611 2618 2713 2752 1.9%
Table 1.4: World extrusions production and billet consumption ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Extrusions production
Africa 221 239 236 242 269 302 356 393
Asia 14775 16442 18222 19559 20335 21774 23063 24133
of which China 11988 13520 15202 16357 17070 18384 19513 20433
of which Japan 794 812 810 820 757 772 798 821
of which Turkey 318 346 378 421 424 444 485 494
of which India 313 306 329 369 368 377 392 430
Australasia 101 104 106 110 110 105 106 104
Total Europe 3089 2945 2954 2984 2877 2997 3136 3242
of which Russia 197 213 234 219 204 209 214 219
North America 1989 2178 2232 2383 2478 2515 2594 2667
of which Canada 285 344 332 352 401 408 371 384
of which Mexico 133 161 172 179 175 184 202 192
Total world 20773 22521 24393 25884 26609 28149 29725 31027
World ex. China 8786 9001 9191 9528 9538 9765 10212 10594
Extrusions production
Africa 299 324 319 328 365 409 482 532
Asia 20011 22269 24678 26489 27539 29488 31234 32682
of which China 16235 18310 20588 22151 23118 24897 26426 27672
of which Japan 1080 1104 1101 1115 1030 1050 1085 1117
of which Turkey 430 467 511 568 572 600 654 667
of which India 425 415 446 499 498 511 531 583
Australasia 134 138 140 146 146 140 141 138
Total Europe 4106 3917 3930 3970 3830 3990 4176 4318
of which Russia 267 288 317 297 276 283 290 297
North America 2656 2908 2979 3182 3308 3358 3463 3561
of which Canada 380 459 443 469 535 544 496 513
of which Mexico 178 216 229 239 234 246 269 256
Total world 28017 30384 32919 34936 35918 38000 40131 41891
World ex. China 11782 12075 12331 12785 12800 13104 13705 14219
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2016-2022

2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
411 443 456 512 7.5%
25316 26073 26683 27608 3.7%
21432 22014 22424 23149 3.5%
840 843 854 864 1.6%
678 723 769 809 6.2%
507 522 540 555 2.8%
493 535 572 620 9.6%
341 350 360 367 2.3%
1025 1084 1164 1243 5.5%
93 90 94 102 -0.8%
511 533 551 567 3.8%
3341 3436 3513 3548 2.5%
224 229 234 237 2.0%
3117 3207 3279 3311 2.5%
2727 2774 2855 2918 2.4%
389 395 405 414 2.2%
222 231 246 252 4.5%
2116 2148 2204 2252 2.2%
32400 33350 34151 35254 3.5%

10967 11336 11727 12105 3.5%
556 600 617 693 7.5%

34284 35310 36135 37388 3.7%
29025 29814 30368 31350 3.5%
1143 1147 1162 1175 1.6%
915 976 1038 1093 6.2%
684 705 730 750 2.8%
668 725 774 840 9.6%
462 474 487 497 2.3%
1388 1469 1576 1684 5.5%
124 119 124 135 -0.8%
692 721 746 767 3.8%
4450 4576 4678 4725 2.5%
303 310 317 320 2.0%
4146 4266 4361 4405 2.5%
3641 3704 3811 3896 2.4%
519 527 541 553 2.2%
296 308 329 336 4.5%
2825 2868 2942 3007 2.2%
43747 45031 46111 47604 3.5%

14722 15218 15744 16254 3.5%
Table 1.5: World rolled products production and slab consumption ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rolled products production
Africa 354 355 353 367 335 373 375 385
Asia 9404 9987 11056 12285 13072 13920 15218 16036
of which China 6073 6643 7636 8582 9170 9938 11022 11500
of which Japan 1195 1167 1147 1224 1264 1250 1279 1268
of which Middle East ex. Turk 187 200 313 332 403 446 570 744
of which Turkey 361 388 290 323 347 365 341 381
of which India 390 386 418 433 430 448 465 485
Australasia 169 190 190 145 0 0 0 0
Total Europe 4884 4911 5022 5117 5170 5334 5473 5616
of which Russia 369 380 386 372 388 400 428 424
North America 4159 4259 4241 4300 4364 4399 4443 4616
of which Canada 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140
of which Mexico 25 32 32 31 33 33 33 33
Total world 19661 20387 21580 22970 23689 24770 26286 27474
World ex. China 13588 13744 13944 14388 14519 14832 15264 15974
Slab and CC coil consumption
Africa 625 619 630 647 623 670 671 686
Asia 12683 13526 14956 16718 18061 19410 21259 22426
of which China 8109 8914 10258 11585 12622 13807 15310 16065
of which Japan 1875 1852 1812 1931 1989 2028 2131 2094
of which Turkey 438 469 352 391 421 442 413 461
of which India 406 408 432 456 456 482 496 513
Australasia 281 313 313 239 0 0 0 0
Total Europe 8201 8261 8395 8618 8705 9036 9413 9610
of which Russia 551 569 584 572 598 621 671 674
North America 5578 5734 5755 5894 5905 6003 6066 6367
of which Canada 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2
of which Mexico 14 19 19 25 31 34 33 33
Total world 28305 29383 31022 33149 34322 36137 38461 40200
World ex. China 20196 20469 20764 21564 21700 22330 23151 24136
Slab purchases by rolling mills
Africa 121 110 123 134 97 112 112 112
Asia 1688 1958 1823 1852 1970 2141 2155 2349
of which China 774 1075 1100 1102 1232 1367 1414 1530
of which Japan 331 333 299 296 293 350 383 416
of which Turkey 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
of which India 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Australasia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Europe 2109 2031 2011 2074 2279 2364 2502 2526
of which Russia 72 110 117 124 141 181 204 219
North America 1141 1150 1191 1246 1285 1351 1465 1519
of which Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total world 4893 4882 4770 4892 4844 5216 5252 5348
World ex. China 4190 3894 3758 3855 3854 4000 4079 4041
Data: CRU.
Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2016-2021. 2. Eastern Europe excludes Russia
2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
393 405 410 423 2.4%
16917 17759 18588 19500 5.1%
12145 12758 13400 14127 5.1%
1270 1260 1270 1270 -0.1%
823 889 968 1038 12.7%
400 409 418 443 5.4%
519 544 560 577 4.4%
913 978 1022 1032 3.9%
846 922 950 1014 8.0%
0 0 0 0 -
858 884 915 947 4.1%
5767 5827 5903 6016 1.9%
461 492 519 556 5.3%
5307 5335 5384 5461 1.6%
4713 4774 4956 5117 2.9%
140 140 140 140 0.0%
33 34 35 35 1.6%
4540 4599 4781 4942 3.0%
28648 29649 30772 32004 4.0%

16504 16891 17373 17877 3.2%
696 707 712 730 1.7%

23607 24763 25902 27159 5.0%
16933 17785 18685 19717 5.2%
2087 2071 2085 2086 -0.4%
1151 1246 1358 1443 12.3%
484 494 506 536 5.3%
541 568 584 605 4.0%
1364 1445 1496 1508 3.6%
1047 1154 1187 1264 8.6%
0 0 0 0 -
1158 1193 1236 1276 3.9%
9839 9956 10122 10275 1.8%
731 782 832 883 5.6%
9109 9174 9290 9392 1.4%
6525 6632 6884 7116 3.2%
2 2 2 2 -0.1%
32 33 33 34 0.6%
6491 6597 6848 7081 3.3%
41824 43251 44856 46556 3.9%
24891 25466 26170 26840 3.0%
112 112 112 112 0.2%

2453 2529 2615 2640 7.0%
1598 1623 1644 1632 6.4%
422 423 427 427 8.3%
57 72 94 94
16 16 16 16
0 0 0 0
210 219 223 225
150 176 211 246 14.9%
0 0 0 0 0.0%
37 41 40 40 4.3%
2536 2572 2607 2629
246 254 264 264 6.2%
2289 2318 2343 2365 1.0%
1641 1663 1735 1888 1.0%
0 0 0 0 1.1%
0 0 0 0 -0.9%
1641 1663 1735 1888 -0.9%
5442 5473 5522 5522 2.5%

4093 4123 4172 4172 1.6%
Table 1.6: World castings production and foundry ingot consumption ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Castings production
Africa 81 92 100 112 136 153 168 185
Asia 8746 9798 10465 11291 11733 12706 13310 13823
of which China 4926 5694 6323 7003 7341 8138 8553 8975
of which Japan 1273 1400 1382 1403 1361 1382 1450 1399
of which Turkey 271 285 328 360 403 440 479 478
of which India 780 870 815 850 931 1017 1054 1144
Australasia 135 129 125 112 116 115 66 56
Total Europe 3620 3547 3567 3710 3814 3963 4057 4191
of which Russia 404 436 432 379 303 294 325 347
North America 2705 3073 3218 3401 3499 3569 3581 3649
of which Canada 200 221 225 234 240 240 235 235
of which Mexico 568 645 689 721 735 778 852 897
Total world 15587 16938 17773 18863 19506 20681 21383 22121
World ex. China 10661 11244 11451 11859 12165 12543 12830 13145
Foundry ingot consumption
Africa 86 98 106 119 144 163 179 197
Asia 9304 10423 11133 12012 12482 13517 14159 14705
of which China 5240 6058 6726 7450 7810 8658 9099 9548
of which Japan 1354 1489 1470 1492 1448 1470 1543 1488
of which Turkey 289 303 349 383 429 468 510 509
of which India 830 926 867 904 990 1082 1122 1217
Australasia 143 137 133 119 124 123 70 60
Total Europe 3851 3773 3795 3947 4057 4216 4315 4458
of which Russia 429 464 460 403 322 313 346 369
North America 2878 3269 3424 3618 3723 3796 3810 3882
of which Canada 213 235 240 249 255 255 250 250
of which Mexico 604 686 733 767 782 828 906 955
Total world 16582 18019 18908 20067 20751 22001 22748 23533
World ex. China 11342 11961 12181 12616 12941 13343 13649 13984
Primary foundry alloy consumption
Africa 29 31 32 34 37 41 44 52
Asia 2387 2602 2619 2949 3129 3376 3700 3974
of which China 1542 1691 1752 2004 2157 2339 2582 2807
of which Japan 272 325 281 317 307 282 300 326
of which Turkey 118 104 110 117 131 149 172 177
of which India 70 69 81 108 131 156 179 206
Australasia 10 8 7 4 3 2 1 0
Total Europe 906 854 866 901 938 1003 1081 1114
of which Russia 28 35 29 35 38 31 45 64
North America 478 597 653 694 706 780 782 811
of which Canada 30 34 33 36 36 45 44 44
of which Mexico 261 291 287 322 364 412 428 430
Total world 3921 4206 4297 4679 4888 5280 5721 6073
World ex. China 2380 2515 2545 2676 2731 2941 3139 3266
Secondary foundry alloy consumption
Africa 57 67 75 85 107 122 135 145
Asia 6917 7821 8514 9063 9353 10141 10459 10731
of which China 3698 4367 4974 5447 5653 6318 6517 6741
of which Japan 1082 1164 1189 1176 1141 1188 1243 1162
of which Turkey 171 199 239 266 297 319 338 332
of which India 760 856 787 797 859 926 943 1011
Australasia 134 129 126 115 121 121 69 60
Total Europe 2945 2919 2929 3046 3119 3213 3234 3345
of which Russia 401 430 430 368 284 281 300 305
North America 2400 2671 2771 2925 3016 3016 3028 3071
of which Canada 183 200 207 213 219 210 206 206
of which Mexico 344 395 446 445 418 416 479 525
Total world 12660 13813 14610 15387 15863 16721 17027 17460
World ex. China 8962 9446 9636 9941 10210 10403 10510 10719
t)
2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
205 225 244 269 9.9%
14318 14876 15490 16015 3.8%
9257 9696 10127 10473 4.1%
1416 1363 1376 1371 -1.1%
191 201 213 223 6.0%
488 502 508 520 1.7%
1231 1307 1391 1496 7.3%
612 627 642 638 1.4%
1123 1179 1232 1294 5.1%
57 57 57 56 -3.0%
230 241 252 265 5.6%
4326 4379 4432 4563 2.4%
368 379 391 401 4.3%
3958 4000 4041 4162 2.2%
3664 3760 3844 3871 1.6%
234 235 240 241 0.5%
899 967 983 982 2.9%
2530 2558 2621 2648 1.2%
22800 23537 24318 25040 3.2%

13543 13842 14192 14566 2.6%
218 240 260 286 9.9%

15232 15825 16479 17037 3.8%
9848 10314 10773 11142 4.1%
1507 1450 1464 1458 -1.1%
204 214 226 237 6.0%
519 534 541 554 1.7%
1309 1391 1480 1592 7.3%
651 667 683 678 1.4%
1195 1255 1311 1377 5.1%
61 60 60 60 -3.0%
244 257 268 282 5.6%
4602 4658 4715 4854 2.4%
391 403 416 426 4.3%
4211 4255 4299 4428 2.2%
3898 4000 4089 4118 1.6%
249 250 255 256 0.5%
957 1028 1046 1045 2.9%
2692 2722 2788 2817 1.2%
24255 25040 25871 26638 3.2%

14407 14725 15097 15496 2.6%
63 71 74 75 11.4%
4245 4530 4840 5229 7.2%
3026 3280 3537 3895 8.6%
329 311 318 320 1.3%
48 56 62 67 10.4%
178 180 181 185 1.5%
233 252 272 289 10.0%
253 268 280 277 2.0%
178 183 188 197 2.3%
0 0 0 0 -100.0%
132 147 159 169 8.5%
1163 1208 1242 1272 3.3%
73 78 85 89 14.4%
1091 1130 1157 1183 2.7%
808 859 899 922 3.4%
38 37 37 39 -2.1%
434 470 490 503 3.3%
336 352 372 380 4.1%
6411 6816 7214 7667 6.0%

3385 3536 3677 3773 3.7%
155 168 186 211 9.3%

10988 11295 11639 11809 2.5%
6822 7034 7236 7247 2.1%
1178 1139 1146 1138 -1.7%
155 158 164 170 4.5%
341 355 359 369 1.8%
1076 1139 1208 1303 6.7%
398 399 403 401 0.9%
1017 1071 1123 1180 5.6%
61 60 60 60 -2.7%
113 110 109 113 1.9%
3439 3450 3473 3582 2.1%
318 325 331 337 2.3%
3120 3125 3142 3245 2.0%
3090 3141 3190 3196 1.1%
211 212 217 217 1.1%
523 558 556 542 2.5%
2356 2370 2416 2437 0.8%
17844 18224 18657 18971 2.2%

11022 11190 11421 11724 2.2%
Table 1.7: Primary foundry alloy (PFA) consumption ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Automotive PFA
Africa 26 28 29 31 34 37 40 47
Asia 2190 2388 2403 2706 2870 3069 3334 3580
of which China 1414 1552 1607 1838 1979 2127 2326 2529
of which Japan 249 298 258 290 282 256 270 294
of which Turkey 108 95 101 107 121 135 155 160
of which India 64 64 74 99 120 142 161 186
Total Europe 831 783 794 827 861 912 974 1003
of which Russia 26 32 27 32 35 29 41 57
North America 438 548 599 636 648 709 704 731
of which Canada 27 31 30 33 33 41 39 39
of which Mexico 239 267 263 295 334 375 385 387
Total world 3598 3859 3943 4293 4485 4800 5154 5471
World ex. China 2183 2307 2335 2455 2506 2673 2828 2942
Non-automotive PFA
Africa 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 5
Asia 197 215 216 243 258 307 367 394
of which China 127 140 145 165 178 213 256 278
of which Japan 22 27 23 26 25 26 30 32
of which Turkey 10 9 9 10 11 14 17 18
of which India 6 6 7 9 11 14 18 20
Total Europe 75 71 71 74 77 91 107 110
of which Russia 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 6
North America 39 49 54 57 58 71 77 80
of which Mexico 22 24 24 27 30 37 42 43
Total world 324 347 355 386 404 480 567 602
World ex. China 196 208 210 221 226 267 311 324

2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
57 64 67 68 11.4%
3824 4081 4360 4710 7.2%
2726 2955 3187 3509 8.6%
296 280 287 288 1.3%
44 51 56 60 10.4%
160 162 163 167 1.5%
210 227 245 260 10.0%
228 242 253 250 2.0%
160 165 170 177 2.3%
0 0 0 0 -100.0%
119 132 143 152 8.5%
1048 1088 1119 1146 3.3%
65 70 77 80 14.4%
983 1018 1042 1066 2.7%
728 774 810 831 3.4%
34 34 34 35 -2.1%
391 423 441 453 3.3%
303 317 335 342 4.1%
5775 6140 6499 6907 6.0%

3050 3185 3312 3399 3.7%
6 7 7 7 11.4%
421 449 480 518 7.2%
300 325 351 386 8.6%
33 31 32 32 1.3%
5 6 6 7 10.4%
18 18 18 18 1.5%
23 25 27 29 10.0%
25 27 28 27 2.0%
18 18 19 19 2.3%
0 0 0 0 -100.0%
13 15 16 17 8.5%
115 120 123 126 3.3%
7 8 8 9 14.4%
108 112 115 117 2.7%
80 85 89 91 3.4%
4 4 4 4 -2.1%
43 47 49 50 3.3%
33 35 37 38 4.1%
635 675 715 760 6.0%

335 350 364 374 3.7%
Table 1.8: World wire and cable production and wire rod consumption ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
Wire and cable production contents
Africa 112 117 128 146 164 175 195 208 217 226 235 245 4.7%
Asia 4606 5039 5342 5633 5862 6103 6483 6744 6954 7206 7444 7698 3.5%
of which China 2905 3272 3588 3808 3939 4084 4366 4509 4590 4689 4773 4867 2.2%
of which Japan 32 33 32 32 33 32 39 40 41 41 42 43 1.8%
of which Middle East ex. Turk 259 275 300 348 347 352 369 394 419 448 477 503 6.4%
of which Turkey 51 57 58 58 64 68 69 68 71 75 79 81 3.3%
of which India 904 929 876 879 961 1037 1093 1169 1249 1347 1450 1559 7.4%
of which South Korea 32 43 39 39 39 41 42 43 44 46 47 48 2.8%
of which Rest of Asia 423 430 449 469 479 490 505 521 539 560 576 597 3.4%
Australasia 35 36 34 41 45 46 47 49 53 55 58 61 5.4%
Central & S. America 232 188 195 201 197 197 207 220 236 253 270 281 6.3%
Total Europe 693 706 726 702 691 699 713 743 760 775 788 790 2.1%
of which Russia 184 199 206 191 178 177 174 176 178 178 178 178 0.4%
of which rest of Europe 509 507 519 511 513 522 539 567 582 596 610 612 2.6%
North America 447 444 446 398 387 425 484 504 514 523 532 541 2.2%
of which Canada 117 92 117 111 80 86 90 93 95 96 98 99 2.1%
of which Mexico 47 49 48 51 51 51 51 52 53 55 56 57 2.4%
of which United States 283 303 280 236 256 288 343 359 366 372 378 384 2.3%
Total world 6124 6529 6872 7120 7346 7645 8129 8468 8734 9039 9327 9616 3.4%
World ex. China 3219 3256 3283 3312 3407 3561 3763 3960 4144 4350 4553 4749 4.8%
Wire rod consumption
Africa 116 122 133 152 171 183 203 216 226 236 245 255 4.7%
Asia 4798 5249 5565 5868 6106 6357 6753 7025 7243 7506 7754 8019 3.5%
of which China 3026 3409 3738 3967 4103 4254 4548 4696 4781 4885 4972 5070 2.2%
of which Japan 33 35 33 34 34 33 41 42 43 43 44 45 1.8%
of which Middle East ex. Turk 270 286 313 363 361 367 385 411 436 467 497 524 6.4%
of which Turkey 53 60 60 60 67 70 72 71 74 78 82 84 3.3%
of which India 942 968 913 916 1001 1080 1138 1217 1301 1403 1511 1624 7.4%
Australasia 36 37 36 43 47 48 49 52 55 58 60 63 5.4%
Total Europe 722 735 756 731 720 728 743 774 792 807 821 823 2.1%
of which Russia 192 207 215 199 185 184 182 183 186 186 186 186 0.4%
North America 466 462 464 415 403 443 505 525 535 545 554 563 2.2%
of which Canada 122 95 122 116 83 89 93 97 99 100 102 103 2.1%
of which Mexico 49 51 50 54 53 54 53 54 55 57 58 60 2.4%
Total world 6380 6801 7158 7417 7652 7963 8467 8821 9098 9416 9715 10016 3.4%
World ex. China 3353 3392 3420 3450 3549 3709 3919 4125 4317 4531 4743 4947 4.8%
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2016-2021. 2. Eastern Europe excludes Russia
Table 1.9: Extrusions consumption by end use ('000 t)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Asia 17825 18928 19783 21289 22467 23500
of which China 14593 15532 16320 17683 18707 19574
Transport 1258 1385 1483 1627 1852 2077
Construction 10151 10681 11080 11657 11838 12260
Electrical 623 644 743 1143 1537 1392
Consumer durables 550 600 645 698 753 823
Machinery & Equipment 1706 1858 1970 2117 2258 2523
Other 305 365 400 440 469 499
of which Japan 834 840 779 795 815 838

Transport 145 149 145 153 163 168
Construction 517 508 459 461 464 475
Electrical 20 21 18 17 19 19
Other 79 88 84 90 91 93
of which Turkey 240 266 277 296 324 341

Transport 36 40 42 47 48 50
Construction 170 189 197 209 232 244
Electrical 2 3 3 3 3 3
Other 5 5 6 6 6 7
of which rest of Middle East 552 605 645 662 690 717
Transport 42 46 46 59 70 75
Construction 483 530 568 571 589 609
Other 6 6 6 6 7 7
of which India 347 364 384 408 423 461

Transport 45 47 51 55 59 66
Construction 208 218 232 247 254 279
Electrical 38 40 41 43 45 48
Other 3 4 4 4 4 4
of which South Korea 297 301 310 314 330 333

Transport 42 43 43 40 39 37
Construction 161 164 174 178 192 195
Other 21 21 21 22 22 23
of which Rest of Asia 962 1019 1069 1132 1179 1236

Transport 85 94 99 104 110 116
Construction 738 776 817 868 901 944
Electrical 13 14 14 14 15 15
Other 18 18 18 19 20 21
Australasia 188 194 189 185 187 184

Transport 19 19 20 20 20 21
Construction 150 155 150 145 147 143
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0
Africa 356 387 424 467 534 582

Transport 28 31 36 39 42 46
Construction 299 325 357 397 456 498
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0
Europe ex. Russia 2841 2955 2927 3016 3156 3247

Transport 720 794 793 848 887 915
Construction 1306 1343 1309 1331 1394 1431
Electrical 136 132 149 162 169 174
Other 173 148 156 156 160 163
Russia 194 179 168 158 158 161

Transport 37 34 32 29 29 29
Construction 105 97 91 85 85 87
Other 10 9 8 8 8 8
Central & S. America 660 626 575 495 514 537

Transport 75 73 65 52 60 64
Construction 433 421 392 344 353 368
Other 19 14 16 13 13 13
North America 2355 2517 2621 2658 2814 2942

Transport 634 703 765 778 874 921
Construction 947 1012 1051 1082 1112 1158
Electrical 232 231 245 242 237 243
Other 58 58 48 45 48 50
of which USA 1676 1801 1884 1909 2038 2130

Transport 516 572 621 629 707 745
Construction 598 647 676 698 723 749
Electrical 200 199 212 209 204 210
Other 39 39 30 28 31 32
Data: CRU, EAA, GDA, AA,

Back to
2019 2020 2021 2022 contents
24627 25362 25931 26803
20534 21087 21465 22144
2270 2460 2601 2739
12959 12920 13062 13459
1238 1456 1372 1341
856 881 910 944
2685 2813 2939 3056
527 556 582 606
855 858 869 878

176 175 178 179
483 488 492 498
19 19 20 20
6 6 6 6
77 78 79 80
94 94 95 95
354 369 385 402

50 50 53 54
256 269 282 295
3 4 4 4
3 4 4 4
34 35 36 37
7 7 7 7
744 785 825 856

79 82 87 90
632 668 703 730
7 7 7 8
7 7 7 8
12 13 13 13
7 7 7 8
493 535 572 620

73 78 83 90
297 326 349 382
50 54 57 60
18 19 21 22
50 54 57 60
5 5 5 5
344 353 363 370

39 40 41 40
200 206 211 217
7 7 7 7
7 7 7 7
67 69 71 73
24 24 25 26
1301 1375 1452 1532

124 133 143 153
991 1045 1101 1158
16 16 17 18
31 32 34 36
117 125 134 143
22 23 24 25
176 175 186 196

22 22 22 23
132 131 141 150
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
22 22 22 23
0 0 0 0
631 688 746 812

50 56 61 66
540 588 637 691
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
41 44 47 50
0 0 1 2
3323 3408 3481 3551

941 982 1021 1059
1459 1485 1509 1533
179 185 188 191
165 167 169 170
413 420 423 424
167 169 171 173
164 168 171 172

30 31 32 33
89 91 92 92
7 7 7 7
10 10 10 10
20 20 21 21
8 8 9 9
563 589 611 631

67 70 73 75
388 407 423 438
6 6 6 6
46 47 48 50
43 45 46 47
14 14 15 15
3005 3058 3142 3213

926 927 960 989
1197 1230 1261 1293
242 245 250 249
249 250 255 260
338 353 363 370
51 52 53 54
2157 2187 2244 2293

744 740 763 783
767 789 809 832
209 211 215 214
179 180 183 187
226 236 241 245
32 32 32 32
Table 1.10: Castings consumption by end use ('000 t)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Asia 10465 11291 11733 12706 13310 13823
of which China 6323 7003 7341 8138 8553 8975
Transport 3317 3667 3780 4337 4601 4768
Construction 0 0 0 0 0 0
Electrical 489 623 563 604 612 639
Other 700 750 856 864 870 892
of which Japan 1382 1403 1361 1382 1450 1399

Transport 1285 1305 1265 1287 1352 1296
Electrical 20 19 19 18 19 19
Other 39 42 42 42 43 44
of which Turkey 305 336 374 407 446 449

Transport 191 214 246 274 302 296
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0
Transport 95 115 115 136 149 159
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0
of which India 815 850 931 1017 1054 1144

Transport 360 375 411 471 501 555
Electrical 57 60 65 69 71 75
Other 5 5 6 6 6 6

Transport 440 481 490 466 455 437
Electrical 39 43 44 45 46 47
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transport 642 632 641 669 696 737
Electrical 190 186 192 197 205 212
Other 17 17 17 17 18 18
Australasia 125 112 116 115 66 56

Transport 97 83 87 86 36 26
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0
Africa 100 112 136 153 168 185

Transport 86 97 121 139 152 168
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0
Europe ex. Russia 3135 3331 3511 3669 3732 3844

Transport 2272 2396 2527 2661 2694 2773
Construction 136 161 171 174 179 183
Electrical 190 200 210 212 216 224
Other 63 71 75 81 84 86
Russia 432 379 303 294 325 347

Transport 251 220 176 167 197 218
Electrical 48 42 33 33 34 34
Other 9 8 6 6 6 6

Transport 250 191 172 147 174 187
Other 10 11 8 4 4 5
North America 3218 3401 3499 3569 3581 3649

Transport 2300 2447 2571 2612 2605 2646
Electrical 106 108 106 106 108 111
Other 199 199 197 196 195 200
of which USA 2304 2446 2524 2550 2494 2517

Transport 1654 1768 1860 1869 1795 1798
Electrical 96 98 97 96 98 101
Other 113 113 108 107 108 113
Back to
2019 2020 2021 2022 contents
14318 14876 15490 16015
9257 9696 10127 10473
4984 5242 5435 5660
0 0 0 0
526 553 646 642
1474 1538 1593 1642
1351 1425 1500 1572
922 938 954 958
1416 1363 1376 1371

1313 1260 1272 1265
0 0 0 0
20 20 20 21
1 1 1 1
37 37 38 39
45 45 45 45
457 471 477 489

300 309 310 318
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
157 162 167 171
0 0 0 0
223 233 244 254

169 177 187 195
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
54 56 57 59
0 0 0 0
1231 1307 1391 1496

607 645 687 749
0 0 0 0
80 85 90 96
460 489 519 551
77 82 87 92
7 7 8 8
612 627 642 638

460 469 478 466
0 0 0 1
50 52 54 56
39 41 42 44
64 66 69 71
0 0 0 0
1123 1179 1232 1294

786 828 868 916
0 0 0 0
221 231 241 251
85 88 91 94
13 13 13 13
19 19 20 20
57 57 57 56
26 26 26 26
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
31 31 31 31
0 0 0 0
205 225 244 269

186 205 221 240
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
19 20 22 24
0 0 1 2
3958 4000 4041 4162

2861 2880 2905 3016
187 191 194 196
230 236 240 243
166 168 169 169
426 437 443 447
88 89 91 91
368 379 391 401

237 246 257 265
3 3 3 3
34 35 35 36
6 6 6 7
81 82 83 84
6 6 6 7
230 241 252 265

200 210 220 232
0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2
4 4 4 4
20 20 21 21
5 5 5 5
3664 3760 3844 3871

2639 2700 2762 2772
24 24 25 25
113 116 117 119
186 190 193 196
500 524 538 548
202 205 209 211
2530 2558 2621 2648

1795 1805 1856 1872
21 21 22 22
103 106 108 109
179 183 186 189
317 324 329 334
115 118 120 122
Table 1.11: Rolled Products consumption by end use ('000 t)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Asia 10502 11423 12015 12797 13622 14265
of which China 6821 7591 8042 8680 9395 9870
Transport 466 526 567 643 692 745
Construction 1310 1421 1490 1595 1674 1737
Packaging exl can stock 188 203 217 227 242 258
Can stock 563 650 727 786 859 935
Foil stock 3281 3681 3891 4194 4572 4731
Electrical 223 252 266 292 322 356
Other 52 55 56 61 66 70
of which Japan 1029 1079 1094 1138 1166 1159

Transport 160 171 184 207 211 209
Can stock 414 421 434 439 429 422
Foil stock 116 126 124 123 123 124
Electrical 56 61 61 63 66 66
Other 99 114 111 125 146 149
of which Turkey 227 254 284 304 309 324

Transport 14 16 17 18 19 20
Can stock 31 35 36 38 39 42
Foil stock 104 115 136 146 144 150
Other 3 3 3 4 4 4
Transport 11 12 13 11 13 15
Construction 40 47 52 50 73 104
Can stock 229 244 259 255 252 251
Foil stock 46 46 49 53 38 37
Other 2 2 2 2 3 4
of which India 417 427 464 477 495 523

Transport 60 65 72 79 81 85
Can stock 23 27 30 33 40 45
Foil stock 138 125 126 109 111 122
Electrical 8 9 10 11 11 12
Other 24 26 29 31 32 32

Transport 51 55 60 63 63 63
Can stock 86 89 95 99 98 99
Foil stock 136 127 124 118 114 120
Electrical 82 84 88 88 86 87
Other 44 46 49 47 47 48

Transport 83 86 86 91 93 98
Construction 201 202 198 212 213 223
Can stock 303 320 333 350 388 423
Foil stock 121 124 124 121 134 137
Electrical 88 88 89 97 99 103
Other 38 37 36 39 40 41
Australasia 135 133 133 131 130 129

Transport 14 13 11 10 9 9
Can stock 78 78 77 76 76 76
Foil stock 0 0 0 1 2 0
Other 6 7 7 7 7 7
Africa 477 494 499 486 502 543

Transport 31 38 44 43 44 48
Construction 187 181 180 167 168 175
Can stock 75 81 89 101 122 141
Foil stock 13 13 13 13 13 16
Electrical 16 16 16 15 15 16
Other 6 6 6 5 5 5
Europe ex. Russia 4383 4523 4660 4783 4936 5149

Transport 1041 1139 1249 1299 1358 1470
Construction 496 500 515 531 549 564
Can stock 728 744 777 794 827 858
Foil stock 863 862 846 856 865 881
Electrical 115 114 112 119 125 132
Other 135 147 143 156 156 154
Russia 349 324 322 339 354 350

Transport 44 39 39 43 43 46
Can stock 87 87 83 80 81 86
Foil stock 78 82 76 71 86 71
Electrical 11 10 10 12 11 11
Other 17 11 15 20 19 19

Transport 61 57 52 48 56 60
Can stock 451 480 481 473 482 499
Foil stock 145 141 130 135 144 163
Electrical 12 11 12 10 10 10
Other 15 25 14 16 16 16
North America 4608 4832 5104 5247 5577 5846

Transport 960 1134 1351 1393 1581 1761
Construction 533 557 558 580 612 639
Can stock 1807 1817 1870 1889 1892 1900
Foil stock 582 579 558 568 559 570
Electrical 161 165 163 170 196 207
Other 46 41 42 43 48 49
of which USA 4049 4242 4452 4566 4824 5050

Transport 850 1007 1203 1239 1396 1560
Construction 450 470 463 481 502 523
Can stock 1588 1594 1629 1635 1630 1629
Foil stock 575 571 550 561 552 562
Electrical 129 131 127 131 152 160
Other 32 27 27 28 33 34
Back to
2019 2020 2021 2022 contents
14953 15598 16273 17011
10366 10852 11347 11912
794 891 993 1115
1793 1825 1864 1930
274 287 299 310
1015 1097 1181 1272
4927 5102 5289 5488
383 410 434 461
377 393 408 416
730 770 796 835
74 78 83 86
1185 1197 1225 1237

224 231 247 263
39 38 38 38
16 16 16 16
424 427 431 426
125 124 124 124
67 68 69 70
33 33 33 34
103 104 107 107
153 156 160 160
347 358 370 391

20 21 22 23
41 43 44 46
11 11 12 12
45 47 49 51
166 169 173 186
10 10 10 11
27 28 30 31
23 24 25 26
4 4 4 5
489 510 532 554

16 17 18 19
110 116 124 131
11 11 12 13
258 265 271 279
38 41 43 45
12 13 14 14
19 20 22 23
21 22 23 25
4 5 5 5
559 597 637 680

93 98 105 112
49 53 56 60
26 27 27 27
51 57 63 71
129 138 147 156
13 14 14 15
100 107 113 120
64 68 72 77
34 36 38 41
626 642 660 673

68 73 78 79
58 60 61 63
31 31 32 33
101 103 104 105
123 123 125 126
90 93 96 98
24 25 26 27
81 83 85 88
50 51 53 54
1382 1442 1502 1564

103 108 113 117
234 245 256 266
50 52 54 56
454 475 495 518
141 146 150 158
107 111 116 120
142 148 154 159
108 113 117 121
43 45 47 49
130 130 130 130

8 8 7 7
14 14 15 15
4 4 4 4
75 75 75 75
0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2
5 5 5 5
14 14 14 14
7 7 8 7
595 651 706 758

55 62 70 78
186 199 210 220
32 35 37 40
157 173 191 206
16 16 17 18
19 22 24 27
76 83 90 96
49 53 59 65
6 7 7 8
5356 5478 5583 5712

1587 1659 1731 1834
574 581 588 594
235 239 242 243
903 922 937 955
889 893 895 894
137 140 143 145
230 234 237 237
646 653 656 655
155 156 156 156
368 376 382 386

49 51 52 53
40 41 41 41
26 26 26 26
87 90 92 94
83 84 85 85
12 12 12 12
22 22 22 23
31 31 32 32
19 20 20 20
1004 1050 1085 1119

64 67 70 73
49 52 57 58
28 29 30 31
529 562 587 608
166 166 162 165
11 11 12 12
99 103 106 109
41 42 44 45
17 18 18 19
6000 6112 6316 6550

1863 1926 2064 2246
659 667 675 683
51 52 53 54
1904 1910 1922 1933
585 606 630 641
211 215 221 226
331 332 336 339
347 354 364 373
49 50 52 54
5135 5205 5371 5543

1609 1645 1764 1902
540 546 551 557
35 35 35 35
1624 1622 1623 1624
577 598 621 633
163 167 172 177
275 275 277 279
278 283 291 298
33 34 35 37
Table 2.1: World primary smelter casthouse production ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Region
Africa 1933 1745 1938 1872 1692 1719 1700
Asia 26228 29099 32106 36738 39942 42064 46922
of which China 19623 22204 24884 28315 30751 32069 36310
of which Turkey 59 55 38 36 50 83 84
of which India 1721 1774 1741 1986 2406 2770 3305
Australasia 2380 2264 2165 2090 2008 1983 1831
Total Europe 9590 9048 8568 8454 8551 8879 8876
of which Russia 4006 4046 3712 3540 3612 3776 3785
North America 5096 4980 5080 4736 4585 4323 4297
of which Canada 3014 2811 3004 2890 2900 3238 3245
Total world 47518 49298 51877 55533 58142 60409 65113
World ex. China 27895 27094 26992 27217 27391 28340 28803
World by casthouse product
Ingot 24702 25044 26528 25961 25899 24933 24733
Billet 6967 7129 7149 7703 7739 8680 9531
Slab 5151 5213 5124 5153 5157 5316 5545
Primary foundry alloy 3151 3275 3151 3541 3663 3943 4156
Wire rod 1293 1360 1435 2049 2444 2674 3041
CC strip 950 956 1012 1023 796 694 747
Liquid 5305 6321 7478 10104 12444 14170 17359
World ex. China by casthouse product

Ingot 12793 12218 12230 11864 12186 12628 12354
Billet 5499 5465 5382 5633 5430 5631 5876
Slab 4377 4138 4024 4051 3925 3949 4131
Primary foundry alloy 2446 2529 2468 2647 2716 2920 3154
Wire rod 1289 1360 1339 1376 1450 1465 1561
CC strip 383 380 361 347 317 303 312
Liquid 1107 1003 1190 1300 1368 1442 1415
Primary total casthouse producer ranking World ex. China2

UC Rusal 4147 4205 3860 3663 3728 3835 3845
Rio Tinto 3937 3564 3658 3436 3368 3687 3596
Alcoa 3847 3795 3702 3441 3153 2944 2904
Emirates Global Aluminium 1800 1848 1865 2330 2451 2496 2605
Norsk Hydro 2288 2165 2038 2148 2124 2216 2234
Vedanta 558 647 674 705 771 897 1287
Aditya Birla Group 646 620 624 800 1085 1272 1304
South32 1350 1171 1324 1182 968 966 982
Century Aluminum 596 648 763 876 914 730 725
Mumtalakat Holdings 599 607 623 636 658 665 672
Data: CRU Top 10 producers ranked by 2017 smelter equity split.

Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2016 to 2021. 2. South32 was BHP Billiton before 2015.
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
1680 1723 1740 1748 1755 0.6%
48425 51877 53717 55412 56626 3.8%
37049 39862 41198 42059 42703 3.3%
0 0 0 0 0 -
6024 6556 6703 6772 6828 3.5%
84 84 86 86 86 0.6%
3750 3805 3833 4089 4211 5.0%
0 0 0 0 0 -
1518 1570 1896 2406 2798 13.7%
1933 1959 1978 2054 2054 2.3%
1253 1451 1766 1825 1825 4.2%
8883 9002 9201 9392 9492 1.4%
3768 3747 3780 3860 3935 0.8%
5115 5256 5420 5532 5557 1.8%
4204 4872 5076 5145 5340 4.4%
3048 3355 3392 3384 3543 1.8%
0 0 0 0 0 -
1156 1517 1684 1761 1797 11.3%
66378 70884 73477 75575 77092 3.4%
29330 31021 32279 33516 34389 3.6%
25089 26939 27885 28781 29264 3.4%

9644 10339 10859 11112 11229 3.3%
5702 6033 6265 6488 6574 3.5%
4288 4608 4742 4888 5016 3.8%
3226 3268 3580 3736 3952 5.4%
660 733 796 818 835 2.2%
17769 18964 19351 19752 20222 3.1%
12346 12665 12903 13370 13728 2.1%

6056 6566 6945 7138 7276 4.4%
4172 4435 4642 4844 4942 3.6%
3184 3368 3472 3588 3686 3.2%
1672 1787 1948 2062 2179 6.9%
297 317 355 361 371 3.5%
1604 1884 2013 2153 2207 9.3%
3829 3808 3844 3885 3924 0.4%

3219 3230 3258 3294 3393 -1.2%
2858 3101 3305 3390 3390 3.1%
2614 2636 2637 2638 2638 0.3%
2353 2510 2588 2629 2674 3.7%
1702 1751 1757 1993 2082 10.1%
1304 1302 1314 1314 1314 0.2%
979 989 1077 1100 1103 2.3%
735 993 1042 1048 1048 7.6%
720 996 1062 1062 1062 9.6%
Table 2.2: World primary remelt ingot production ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Region
Africa 1403 1262 1406 1373 1291 1274 1247
Asia 14683 15458 17157 17672 17896 16918 17074
of which China 11908 12826 14298 14097 13714 12305 12379
of which India 749 737 744 970 1358 1669 1977
Australasia 1394 1361 1402 1345 1342 1403 1259
Total Europe 3447 3359 2997 2715 2718 2779 2623
of which Russia 2582 2522 2233 2043 2020 2085 1916
North America 2409 2298 2353 1954 1917 1795 1770
of which Canada 1378 1267 1377 1186 1227 1557 1561
Total world 24702 25044 26528 25961 25899 24933 24733
World ex. China 12793 12218 12230 11864 12186 12628 12354
Primary ingot producer ranking World ex. China
UC Rusal 2614 2558 2248 2043 2010 2011 1842
Rio Tinto 1420 1285 1465 1199 1305 1660 1562
Alcoa 1627 1610 1550 1297 1119 945 928
South32 1122 977 1093 988 856 833 840
Vedanta 309 303 318 344 384 497 724
Century Aluminum 477 520 581 644 587 400 400
Press Metal 29 48 178 216 149 332 362
Nalco 233 228 184 177 237 297 309
Data: CRU. Top 10 producers ranked by 2017 smelter equity split.

Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2016 to 2021. 2. Eastern Europe excludes Russia. 3. South32 was BHP Billiton before 2015.
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
1235 1235 1232 1230 1236 -0.2%
17278 18476 19047 19852 20162 3.4%
12744 14274 14982 15410 15536 4.6%
0 0 0 0 0 -
1500 1507 1374 1286 1278 -5.1%
0 0 0 0 0 -
2043 1776 1552 1621 1556 -4.7%
0 0 0 0 0 -
991 919 1141 1534 1791 11.2%
1367 1386 1397 1438 1438 2.7%
567 707 966 1021 1021 6.1%
2860 3046 3054 3048 3019 2.8%
2178 2352 2377 2401 2412 4.7%
682 695 677 647 607 -3.0%
1783 2088 2188 2193 2388 6.2%
1549 1668 1648 1615 1774 2.6%
0 0 0 0 0 -
234 421 540 578 613 24.0%
25089 26939 27885 28781 29264 3.4%
12346 12665 12903 13370 13728 2.1%
2104 2278 2303 2288 2263 4.2%

1568 1621 1627 1639 1738 2.2%
931 986 1091 1095 1095 3.4%
837 835 916 931 934 2.2%
806 759 680 658 640 -4.7%
805 643 536 625 565 -4.8%
404 522 509 478 444 2.1%
368 283 239 196 153 -23.7%
324 291 288 288 288 -4.5%
317 285 265 276 288 -1.4%
Table 2.3: World billet production ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Primary extrusions billet
Africa 73 71 70 70 69 65 59 56
Asia 3166 3663 3787 4321 4505 5336 6204 6464
of which China 1468 1664 1767 2070 2309 3048 3655 3588
of which Japan 3 3 2 2 0 0 0 0
of which Turkey 34 31 25 29 32 55 62 62
of which India 158 187 203 204 175 196 336 503
Australasia 403 400 367 384 334 327 326 312
Total Europe 2179 1864 1823 1847 1844 1988 1975 2011
of which Russia 320 312 311 298 307 328 349 321
North America 752 772 761 789 738 714 701 552
of which Canada 311 286 270 284 298 299 297 152
Total world 6967 7129 7149 7703 7739 8680 9531 9644
World ex. China 5499 5465 5382 5633 5430 5631 5876 6056
Primary extrusions billet producer ranking World ex. China

Emirates Global Aluminium 783 960 973 1045 977 1010 1075 1146
Norsk Hydro 767 733 655 720 680 715 740 946
Alcoa 746 673 629 643 557 584 566 473
UC Rusal 391 394 411 388 399 426 447 419
Vedanta 48 92 116 116 115 131 256 407
Rio Tinto 551 615 624 626 604 602 605 396
Mumtalakat Holdings 234 249 243 251 252 224 242 266
Century Aluminum 43 46 102 172 233 234 228 221
Qatar Petroleum 123 159 177 182 179 170 175 178
Mytilineos Holdings 125 120 108 122 119 122 128 137
Extruder and independent billet
Africa 254 263 269 282 295 353 414 457
Asia 17472 19322 21620 23036 23994 25417 26462 27826
of which China 14894 16787 18975 20248 20986 22036 22971 24300
of which Japan 1032 1060 1034 1033 945 966 992 994
of which Turkey 239 235 297 352 366 402 470 502
of which India 334 299 346 405 421 446 420 427
Australasia 28 76 120 113 133 115 102 114
Total Europe 1850 2020 2040 2029 1854 1840 1956 2025
of which Russia 216 237 237 237 202 203 203 203
North America 1803 1960 2034 2208 2284 2156 2332 2435
of which Canada 325 452 461 480 520 520 467 522
of which Mexico 122 145 154 174 169 138 147 133
Total world 21873 24144 26665 28242 29109 30334 31725 33362
World ex. China 6978 7357 7690 7994 8124 8298 8754 9062
Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2017 to 2022
2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
63 66 68 68 3.0%
6894 7176 7287 7340 3.4%
3774 3914 3974 3953 1.6%
0 0 0 0 -
2259 2316 2333 2368 3.5%
62 64 64 64 0.6%
549 609 633 656 14.3%
0 0 0 0 -
250 273 283 299 13.5%
317 322 349 349 1.3%
262 281 283 283 1.2%
2061 2199 2285 2350 3.5%
309 310 311 311 -2.3%
1752 1889 1975 2039 4.6%
742 814 840 840 3.7%
261 311 337 337 2.5%
0 0 0 0 -
481 503 503 503 4.5%
10339 10859 11112 11229 3.3%

6566 6945 7138 7276 4.4%
1173 1188 1203 1218 2.5%

1022 1088 1124 1153 9.3%
569 627 651 651 2.8%
408 411 411 411 -1.6%
435 464 487 509 14.7%
371 387 404 404 -7.8%
349 377 377 377 9.3%
301 356 391 426 13.3%
178 179 179 179 0.4%
138 140 140 140 1.8%
447 461 457 514 4.4%

29077 29884 30594 31833 3.8%
25479 26140 26647 27661 3.8%
991 993 990 1003 0.2%
277 302 319 330 1.9%
500 511 516 528 2.3%
486 519 590 673 9.9%
480 493 507 518 2.4%
864 925 1025 1121 5.7%
96 86 65 76 -5.9%
527 540 565 588 5.1%
2071 2050 2084 2077 1.2%
201 201 204 204 0.0%
1870 1849 1881 1873 1.3%
2427 2413 2477 2502 1.4%
458 416 414 426 -1.8%
136 128 129 136 -1.5%
1832 1869 1934 1939 2.4%
34644 35434 36242 37588 3.5%
9165 9294 9595 9927 2.5%
Table 2.4: World rolling slab production ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Primary slab
Africa 264 246 270 236 141 147 127 124
Asia 1269 1532 1535 1605 1869 2112 2238 2471
of which China 774 1075 1100 1102 1232 1367 1414 1530
of which Japan 6 6 5 4 0 0 0 0
of which Turkey 15 15 9 0 9 14 14 14
of which India 150 142 140 150 154 166 159 172
Australasia 211 207 192 132 73 49 44 46
Total Europe 2240 2054 1982 2025 2002 1974 2074 1939
of which Russia 409 430 438 482 544 558 639 543
North America 1070 1105 1081 1103 1032 988 1015 1078
of which Canada 706 740 730 747 683 692 716 704
Total world 5151 5213 5124 5153 5157 5316 5545 5702
World ex. China 4377 4138 4024 4051 3925 3949 4131 4172
World ex. China CC coil* 383 380 361 347 317 303 312 297
China CC coil* 566 576 651 675 478 390 435 364
Primary slab producer ranking World ex. China

Alcoa 952 916 932 909 917 875 892 941
Rio Tinto 1167 1048 915 932 758 763 773 607
UC Rusal 444 471 471 514 578 593 675 579
Norsk Hydro 464 469 516 550 514 498 500 496
Ma'aden 0 0 0 28 96 146 219 284
Liberty House Group 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 172
Aditya Birla Group 179 142 140 150 154 166 159 158
Vimetco 73 92 76 111 117 110 125 125
Trimet 111 111 116 123 130 113 116 119
Rolling mill and independent slab

Africa 293 304 289 339 414 444 466 483
Asia 10016 10521 12121 13672 14774 15874 17601 18406
of which China 7336 7839 9158 10483 11390 12440 13896 14535
of which Japan 1781 1778 1742 1857 1935 1945 2020 1955
of which Turkey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
of which India 77 71 85 82 52 70 96 89
Australasia 197 228 228 226 0 0 0 0
Total Europe 5445 5637 5890 6117 6172 6365 6736 7066
of which Russia 335 313 339 356 371 365 383 404
North America 3434 3454 3636 3718 3729 3928 3983 4219
of which Mexico 39 46 40 41 41 31 41 34
Total world 19904 20693 22772 24769 25817 27323 29470 30889
World ex. China 12568 12854 13615 14286 14427 14884 15575 16354
Data: CRU. Top 10 producers ranked by 2017 smelter equity split. * Production at smelters
Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2017 to 2022
2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
131 136 136 136 1.3%
2781 3006 3168 3221 7.6%
1598 1623 1644 1632 2.9%
0 0 0 0 -
958 1122 1193 1208 13.7%
14 15 15 15 0.6%
187 205 246 262 10.5%
0 0 0 0 -
24 41 70 105 46.9%
46 46 46 46 1.3%
47 51 51 51 1.6%
1866 1841 1863 1895 -1.8%
419 412 433 464 -6.2%
1446 1429 1431 1431 -0.1%
1162 1185 1224 1224 3.8%
751 756 756 756 1.1%
0 0 0 0 -
411 429 468 468 9.4%
6033 6265 6488 6574 3.5%

4435 4642 4844 4942 3.6%
317 355 361 371 3.5%

417 440 457 464 1.3%
1021 1050 1104 1104 4.4%

572 575 575 575 -5.7%
455 449 469 501 -5.8%
497 497 497 497 -0.1%
333 347 362 377 7.8%
358 403 446 446 15.2%
274 247 225 225 62.3%
158 162 162 162 0.4%
126 129 149 149 3.6%
119 123 123 123 1.2%
480 483 487 496 1.3%

19352 20266 21131 22135 4.7%
15335 16163 17041 18085 5.4%
1947 1935 1951 1963 -0.6%
235 237 242 252 7.9%
0 0 0 0 0.0%
97 104 79 66 -7.1%
1130 1140 1130 1117 2.9%
608 686 687 652 7.7%
0 0 0 0 -
728 749 778 780 2.6%
7252 7352 7519 7553 2.3%
433 477 533 560 7.9%
6819 6874 6987 6993 1.9%
4195 4322 4440 4530 2.6%
0 0 0 0 -
34 34 35 35 -3.5%
4161 4288 4405 4495 2.7%
32006 33171 34355 35493 3.8%
16671 17009 17313 17408 2.3%
Table 2.5: World foundry alloy production ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Primary foundry alloy (PFA)
Africa 35 31 33 31 23 31 34
Asia 2209 2478 2618 3003 3175 3488 3820
of which China 1542 1691 1752 2004 2157 2339 2582
Australasia 357 247 122 132 133 83 119
Total Europe 916 943 878 913 994 1127 1206
of which Russia 332 409 393 377 413 455 510
North America 383 423 473 470 467 423 414
of which Canada 302 288 360 366 378 359 352
Total world 3988 4220 4220 4651 4873 5260 5736

World ex. China 2446 2529 2468 2647 2716 2920 3154
PFA producer ranking World ex. China
Norsk Hydro 444 416 336 340 340 436 440
UC Rusal 332 409 393 377 413 455 510
Alcoa 340 425 425 411 398 366 363
Rio Tinto 464 358 337 358 357 308 336
Qatar Petroleum 106 137 139 131 112 144 139
Press Metal 4 10 27 50 72 95 98
Trimet 22 22 22 34 38 50 81
Aluar 29 29 31 57 45 66 67
Secondary foundry alloy (SFA)
Africa 138 163 173 196 211 238 275
Asia 5457 6519 7326 7736 7918 8806 9126
of which China 3090 3839 4541 4903 5096 5844 5993
of which Japan 396 480 572 504 520 536 482
of which Turkey 182 229 236 226 256 321 341
of which India 699 800 735 748 819 875 898
Australasia 146 143 130 116 154 145 69
Total Europe 3166 3150 3185 3330 3353 3412 3370
of which Russia 624 648 671 622 520 503 525
North America 2369 2640 2745 2895 2983 2988 2991
of which Canada 110 196 288 292 307 306 378
of which Mexico 312 363 420 415 385 387 442
Total world 11477 12822 13741 14382 14727 15669 15914

World ex. China 8387 8983 9200 9479 9631 9825 9920
Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2016 to 2021. 2. Eastern Europe excludes Russia
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
37 43 47 47 47 6.4%
4250 4676 4975 5294 5707 8.4%
2849 3084 3333 3588 3942 8.8%
0 0 0 0 0 -
1177 1254 1290 1308 1308 3.8%
8 8 8 8 8 0.6%
28 101 94 107 112 -
0 0 0 0 0 -
188 230 251 283 337 18.0%
129 130 130 130 130 1.9%
141 161 171 171 171 3.7%
1097 1037 1066 1117 1158 -0.8%
409 339 343 385 420 -3.8%
688 697 722 733 738 1.2%
379 398 407 407 407 -0.3%
316 333 335 335 335 -1.0%
0 0 0 0 0 -
63 64 72 72 72 3.0%
6033 6444 6796 7167 7621 5.8%

3184 3360 3463 3579 3678 3.1%
724 746 746 761 761 3.1%

441 448 451 451 451 0.5%
409 339 343 385 420 -3.8%
331 339 345 346 346 -1.0%
306 309 309 309 309 -1.6%
142 142 142 142 142 0.4%
101 109 112 112 112 2.6%
94 130 153 153 153 13.4%
83 83 86 86 86 1.2%
68 68 71 71 71 1.1%
296 316 343 378 430 9.3%

9443 9675 9982 10299 10463 2.8%
6218 6292 6488 6674 6684 2.2%
451 457 442 444 442 -1.7%
177 177 180 187 194 4.5%
335 344 357 362 372 1.8%
963 1024 1085 1150 1241 6.7%
446 462 463 468 466 0.9%
854 918 967 1013 1065 5.6%
60 61 60 60 60 -2.7%
87 92 89 89 92 1.9%
3493 3567 3563 3571 3655 1.6%
534 557 568 579 590 2.3%
2960 3010 2995 2992 3065 1.5%
3031 3052 3101 3151 3157 1.1%
378 387 389 398 398 1.1%
484 482 515 513 500 2.5%
2169 2183 2196 2239 2259 0.8%
16411 16762 17139 17549 17856 2.3%

10193 10470 10650 10874 11172 2.4%
Table 2.6: World wire rod production ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Primary wire rod
Africa 51 50 49 50 48 46 65
Asia 438 490 565 1150 1540 1806 2155
of which China 4 0 96 673 994 1209 1481
of which India 429 485 465 474 544 566 641
Total Europe 489 528 514 567 572 588 594
of which Russia 251 278 272 275 262 283 305
North America 174 143 160 163 172 140 134
of which Canada 95 73 97 103 105 110 102
Total world 1293 1360 1435 2049 2444 2674 3041

World ex. China 1289 1360 1339 1376 1450 1465 1561
Primary rod producer ranking World ex. China
Vedanta 158 204 205 215 249 220 245
UC Rusal 252 278 272 275 262 283 305
Indian State 81 87 83 83 103 98 120
Nalco 97 100 86 83 84 90 110
Alcoa 73 72 74 98 91 102 83
Rio Tinto 140 114 137 103 105 110 102
Vimetco 61 80 68 69 74 65 75
Aluar 46 67 70 58 61 61 62
Egyptalum 51 50 49 50 48 46 65
Wire plants and independent rod

Africa 17 44 52 80 108 110 107
Asia 4440 4856 5073 4759 4576 4587 4681
of which China 3027 3414 3643 3296 3114 3047 3069
of which Japan 36 37 37 34 34 33 41
of which Turkey 64 68 53 50 55 50 49
of which India 520 500 458 425 446 500 480
Australasia 33 33 28 50 84 78 49
Total Europe 184 224 225 175 140 158 194
of which Russia 16 26 49 40 41 57 55
North America 300 279 281 233 205 241 275
of which Canada 156 135 152 144 100 123 156
of which Mexico 24 20 22 18 17 22 20
Total world 5089 5482 5721 5386 5187 5270 5416

World ex. China 2063 2068 2078 2090 2074 2223 2347
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
62 70 71 71 71 1.6%
2394 2407 2701 2841 3066 7.3%
1555 1481 1632 1674 1773 3.7%
0 0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 0 -
793 866 990 1073 1203 13.4%
0 0 0 0 0 -
47 60 78 94 90 21.8%
0 0 0 0 0 -
64 64 66 66 66 -6.5%
566 582 597 612 604 0.3%
252 262 271 265 261 -3.1%
314 321 327 347 343 3.4%
141 145 146 146 146 1.7%
108 112 112 112 112 1.8%
0 0 0 0 0 -
33 33 34 34 34 1.2%
3226 3268 3580 3736 3952 5.4%

1672 1787 1948 2062 2179 6.9%
364 408 473 522 622 20.4%

252 262 271 265 261 -3.1%
167 174 219 238 256 9.1%
148 170 182 192 200 10.7%
113 115 116 121 126 2.7%
112 113 117 119 119 7.5%
108 112 112 112 112 1.8%
75 75 77 89 89 3.6%
64 64 66 66 66 1.1%
62 70 71 71 71 1.6%
137 160 156 165 174 10.2%

4740 4951 4932 5050 5097 1.7%
3144 3303 3254 3300 3299 1.5%
42 43 43 44 45 1.8%
549 583 624 664 701 6.4%
59 66 73 77 79 10.2%
405 407 379 402 383 -4.4%
35 36 37 39 40 2.9%
506 513 521 524 550 2.2%
52 55 58 60 63 5.2%
116 122 138 156 167 8.7%
203 210 205 193 200 0.6%
56 64 50 46 45 -4.0%
147 146 155 148 155 2.2%
294 311 329 345 366 5.9%
144 146 148 149 151 -0.7%
20 22 24 25 26 5.5%
130 143 157 171 188 13.9%
5541 5810 5817 5970 6066 2.3%

2397 2507 2563 2670 2768 3.3%
Table 2.7: World liquid metal production ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Primary liquid production
Africa 106 85 108 112 120 157 167
Asia 4513 5640 6656 9204 11484 13159 16399
of which China 4197 5318 6288 8804 11076 12727 15944
of which India 0 11 5 4 9 39 48
Australasia 15 50 83 98 127 122 83
Total Europe 283 264 346 359 393 396 376
of which Russia 92 73 65 66 66 67 67
North America 308 240 252 257 259 265 262
of which Canada 223 156 169 204 209 220 217
Total world 5305 6321 7478 10104 12444 14170 17359

World ex. China 1107 1003 1190 1300 1368 1442 1415
Primary liquid metal producer ranking World ex. China
Rio Tinto 195 143 180 218 239 243 217
Trimet 127 125 125 139 221 227 220
South32 106 85 108 106 112 133 143
Norsk Hydro 52 54 68 108 130 127 109
Vedanta 0 8 2 0 7 35 44
Alcoa 107 98 91 82 71 72 71
SABIC 53 56 62 61 65 64 64
UC Rusal 92 73 65 66 66 67 67
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
166 181 188 196 197 3.3%
16780 17890 18219 18580 19049 3.0%
16165 17080 17337 17599 18015 2.5%
0 0 0 0 0 -
506 579 601 651 665 12.2%
0 0 0 0 0 -
74 178 209 236 245 38.7%
0 0 0 0 0 -
35 53 71 93 123 30.7%
79 80 82 90 90 1.6%
90 103 110 111 111 9.0%
383 383 415 439 439 3.2%
66 66 67 67 67 0.1%
317 317 348 372 372 3.8%
271 329 337 336 336 5.1%
220 228 231 230 230 1.2%
0 0 0 0 0 -
51 100 106 106 106 18.6%
17769 18964 19351 19752 20222 3.1%

1604 1884 2013 2153 2207 9.3%
234 244 247 255 255 3.2%

227 227 229 229 229 0.9%
216 229 234 244 244 3.9%
142 154 161 169 169 3.4%
108 112 113 113 114 0.8%
72 101 116 130 130 37.9%
70 130 130 152 158 29.1%
70 72 74 74 74 0.9%
69 73 74 78 78 3.9%
66 66 67 67 67 0.1%
Table 3.1: Ingot premiums, net trade and balance ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Premiums
US Midwest DP (¢/lb) 7.9 9.9 11.2 19.8 12.9 7.6 9.0 20.3 22.4 24.2 24.4 24.2
US Midwest DP ($/t) 173 218 247 436 284 168 199 447 493 534 538 533
US CIF Baltimore DUP premium (¢/lb) 5.2 7.3 8.6 17.1 10.2 5.0 6.3 7.0 8.5 9.5 9.3 8.9
European Rott. DUP premium ($/t) 127 175 205 348 182 78 87 109 138 150 160 170
European Rott. DP premium ($/t) 198 237 268 417 240 129 147 179 209 226 239 250 Back to
European Germany dlvd DP premium ($/ 241 279 315 463 280 168 187 223 254 273 287 299
contents
Japan CIF premium, 3-month ($/t) 116 174 247 362 248 98 109 126 139 150 160 160
Production
Africa 1403 1262 1406 1373 1291 1274 1247 1235 1235 1232 1230 1236 -0.2%
Asia 14683 15458 17157 17672 17896 16918 17074 17278 18476 19047 19852 20162 3.4%
of which China 11908 12826 14298 14097 13714 12305 12379 12744 14274 14982 15410 15536 4.6%
of which Japan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
of which Middle East ex. Turkey 1223 1059 1155 1733 2008 1896 1665 1500 1507 1374 1286 1278 -5.1%
of which Turkey 8 5 2 4 4 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
of which India 749 737 744 970 1358 1669 1977 2043 1776 1552 1621 1556 -4.7%
of which South Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Australasia 1394 1361 1402 1345 1342 1403 1259 1367 1386 1397 1438 1438 2.7%
Total Europe 3447 3359 2997 2715 2718 2779 2623 2860 3046 3054 3048 3019 2.8%
of which Russia 2582 2522 2233 2043 2020 2085 1916 2178 2352 2377 2401 2412 4.7%
of which rest of Europe 865 837 764 672 698 694 707 682 695 677 647 607 -3.0%
North America 2409 2298 2353 1954 1917 1795 1770 1783 2088 2188 2193 2388 6.2%
of which Canada 1378 1267 1377 1186 1227 1557 1561 1549 1668 1648 1615 1774 2.6%
of which Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Total world 24702 25044 26528 25961 25899 24933 24733 25089 26939 27885 28781 29264 3.4%
World ex. China 12793 12218 12230 11864 12186 12628 12354 12346 12665 12903 13370 13728 2.1%
Consumption
Africa 259 295 290 314 371 392 424 481 468 468 486 529 4.5%
Asia 16571 17166 19176 18773 17939 18202 16987 18296 18860 19673 20712 21814 5.1%
of which China 11703 12139 14158 13422 12267 12075 10543 11903 12481 13416 14168 15014 7.3%
of which Japan 1502 1569 1486 1529 1603 1649 1717 1630 1641 1576 1637 1648 -0.8%
of which Middle East ex. Turkey 172 263 306 352 372 522 672 719 661 703 740 850 4.8%
of which Turkey 578 618 526 587 582 636 650 671 690 670 683 711 1.8%
of which India 704 666 677 675 697 754 721 630 553 500 527 539 -5.6%
of which South Korea 712 746 814 914 950 950 981 965 969 917 982 957 -0.5%
Australasia 148 154 191 182 99 93 85 94 87 87 83 89 0.8%
Total Europe 3056 3258 3064 3124 2938 3279 3335 3355 3462 3461 3540 3485 0.9%
of which Russia 335 378 385 367 331 368 378 348 350 350 358 370 -0.4%
North America 2965 3161 3202 3310 3342 3427 3484 3259 3207 3069 3236 3264 -1.3%
of which Canada 173 198 254 252 237 249 232 241 218 202 204 210 -2.0%
of which Mexico 156 209 229 234 236 219 240 244 261 279 287 288 3.7%
of which United States 2636 2754 2719 2824 2869 2959 3011 2774 2728 2588 2745 2766 -1.7%
Total world 23663 24660 26634 26395 25304 25957 24908 26140 26747 27457 28799 29960 3.8%
World ex. China 11960 12521 12476 12973 13038 13883 14365 14238 14267 14041 14631 14946 0.8%
Net Balance
Africa 1144 967 1116 1058 920 882 822 754 767 764 744 707 -3.0%
Asia -1888 -1708 -2020 -1101 -43 -1284 88 -1019 -384 -626 -860 -1652 -279.8%
of which China 205 687 141 675 1447 230 1836 841 1793 1566 1243 522 -22.2%
of which Japan -1502 -1569 -1486 -1529 -1603 -1649 -1717 -1630 -1641 -1576 -1637 -1648 -0.8%
of which Middle East ex. Turkey 1051 796 849 1382 1635 1374 993 780 845 670 546 428 -15.5%
of which Turkey -570 -613 -525 -583 -578 -630 -650 -671 -690 -670 -683 -711 1.8%
of which India 46 72 67 295 661 914 1257 1413 1223 1052 1094 1017 -4.1%
of which South Korea -712 -746 -814 -914 -950 -950 -981 -965 -969 -917 -982 -957 -0.5%
of which Rest of Asia -406 -335 -251 -426 -656 -574 -650 -787 -946 -751 -440 -304 -14.1%
Australasia 1246 1207 1211 1162 1243 1310 1174 1273 1299 1311 1355 1349 2.8%
Central & S. America 703 680 502 211 121 199 166 -88 43 267 279 243 7.9%
Total Europe 390 101 -66 -409 -220 -500 -712 -494 -416 -407 -493 -466 -8.1%
of which Russia 2247 2144 1848 1676 1689 1717 1538 1829 2002 2027 2043 2041 5.8%
of which rest of Europe -1857 -2043 -1914 -2085 -1909 -2217 -2249 -2324 -2418 -2434 -2536 -2507 2.2%
North America -556 -863 -849 -1356 -1425 -1633 -1713 -1477 -1118 -881 -1044 -876 -12.5%
of which Canada 1205 1069 1123 934 990 1308 1329 1307 1450 1446 1410 1564 3.3%
of which Mexico -156 -209 -229 -234 -236 -219 -240 -244 -261 -279 -287 -288 3.7%
of which United States -1605 -1723 -1743 -2056 -2179 -2722 -2802 -2540 -2307 -2048 -2167 -2153 -5.1%
Total world 1038 384 -106 -434 595 -1025 -175 -1051 192 428 -18 -696 31.8%
World ex. China 833 -304 -246 -1109 -852 -1254 -2011 -1892 -1602 -1138 -1261 -1218 -9.5%
Data: CRU. Note upcharges are over DP Rotterdam ingot, Japan CIF 3-month and US Midwest premium
Table 3.2: Billet upcharges, net trade and balance ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Upcharges and premiums

US Midwest DP upcharge (¢/lb) 11.7 12.0 12.5 12.5 13.5 12.5 10.5 9.7 13.2 12.1 11.6 11.6 1.9%
US Midwest DP upcharge ($/t) 258 265 276 275 298 276 231 213 291 267 255 255 1.9%
Germany delivered premium ($/t) 454 438 488 750 541 350 366 500 520 510 500 500 6.4%
Germany delivered upcharge ($/t) 213 159 173 287 262 182 179 277 266 237 213 201 2.3%
Japan CIF ($/t) 209 150 174 176 158 155 145 150 160 160 150 155 1.3%
Primary Production
Africa 73 71 70 70 69 65 59 56 63 66 68 68 3.0%
Asia 3166 3663 3787 4321 4505 5336 6204 6464 6894 7176 7287 7340 3.4%
of which China 1468 1664 1767 2070 2309 3048 3655 3588 3774 3914 3974 3953 1.6%
of which Japan 3 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - Back to
of which Middle East ex. Turkey 1408 1677 1718 1910 1866 1903 1992 2105 2259 2316 2333 2368 3.5% contents
of which Turkey 34 31 25 29 32 55 62 62 62 64 64 64 0.6%
of which India 158 187 203 204 175 196 336 503 549 609 633 656 14.3%
Australasia 403 400 367 384 334 327 326 312 317 322 349 349 1.3%
Total Europe 2179 1864 1823 1847 1844 1988 1975 2011 2061 2199 2285 2350 3.5%
of which Russia 320 312 311 298 307 328 349 321 309 310 311 311 -2.3%
North America 752 772 761 789 738 714 701 552 742 814 840 840 3.7%
of which Canada 311 286 270 284 298 299 297 152 261 311 337 337 2.5%
of which Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Total world 6967 7129 7149 7703 7739 8680 9531 9644 10339 10859 11112 11229 3.3%
World ex. China 5499 5465 5382 5633 5430 5631 5876 6056 6566 6945 7138 7276 4.4%
Remelt & Liquid Production
Africa 254 263 269 282 295 353 414 457 447 461 457 514 4.4%
Asia 17472 19322 21620 23036 23994 25417 26462 27826 29077 29884 30594 31833 3.8%
of which China 14894 16787 18975 20248 20986 22036 22971 24300 25479 26140 26647 27661 3.8%
of which Japan 1032 1060 1034 1033 945 966 992 994 991 993 990 1003 0.2%
of which Turkey 239 235 297 352 366 402 470 502 500 511 516 528 2.3%
of which India 334 299 346 405 421 446 420 427 486 519 590 673 9.9%
Australasia 28 76 120 113 133 115 102 114 96 86 65 76 -5.9%
Total Europe 1850 2020 2040 2029 1854 1840 1956 2025 2071 2050 2084 2077 1.2%
of which Russia 216 237 237 237 202 203 203 203 201 201 204 204 0.0%
North America 1803 1960 2034 2208 2284 2156 2332 2435 2427 2413 2477 2502 1.4%
of which Canada 325 452 461 480 520 520 467 522 458 416 414 426 -1.8%
of which Mexico 122 145 154 174 169 138 147 133 136 128 129 136 -1.5%
Total world 21873 24144 26665 28242 29109 30334 31725 33362 34644 35434 36242 37588 3.5%
World ex. China 6978 7357 7690 7994 8124 8298 8754 9062 9165 9294 9595 9927 2.5%
Consumption
Africa 316 343 339 350 390 436 511 563 590 637 655 732 7.4%
Asia 20394 22653 25071 26913 27982 29950 31721 33195 34823 35871 36722 38002 3.7%
of which China 16362 18450 20742 22318 23295 25084 26626 27888 29253 30054 30621 31614 3.5%
of which Japan 1150 1168 1161 1180 1098 1120 1161 1194 1221 1223 1240 1253 1.5%
of which Turkey 452 486 529 590 596 624 681 694 712 735 760 782 2.8%
of which India 464 455 485 540 541 556 578 635 725 788 843 918 9.7%
Australasia 143 147 149 156 156 149 151 148 135 130 136 146 -0.6%
Total Europe 4293 4112 4131 4180 4044 4208 4403 4551 4688 4820 4925 4975 2.5%
of which Russia 284 307 336 318 295 301 311 319 326 333 340 343 2.0%
North America 2846 3125 3194 3424 3557 3584 3729 3840 3929 3998 4106 4191 2.4%
of which Canada 380 459 443 469 535 544 496 513 519 527 541 553 2.2%
of which Mexico 178 216 229 239 234 246 269 256 296 308 329 336 4.5%
Total world 28856 31258 33814 35900 36911 38990 41206 43019 44920 46244 47359 48884 3.5%
World ex. China 12494 12808 13072 13581 13616 13906 14580 15130 15668 16190 16738 17270 3.4%
Net Balance
Africa 11 -9 0 3 -26 -19 -39 -50 -80 -110 -130 -150 31.1%
Asia 244 332 335 444 517 804 944 1095 1149 1189 1159 1171 4.4%
of which China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
of which Japan -115 -105 -125 -145 -153 -154 -169 -200 -230 -230 -250 -250 8.1%
of which Turkey -179 -220 -207 -209 -197 -168 -148 -130 -150 -160 -180 -190 5.1%
of which India 28 31 64 69 55 87 178 296 310 340 380 412 18.3%
of which South Korea -62 -35 -42 -56 -34 -12 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10 0.0%
of which Rest of Asia -396 -519 -523 -523 -423 -323 -361 -361 -361 -361 -361 -361 0.0%
Australasia 288 329 337 342 311 292 278 278 278 278 278 278 0.0%
Central & S. America -5 -18 -3 -12 17 41 33 33 33 33 33 33 0.0%
Total Europe -264 -227 -269 -304 -347 -381 -471 -515 -557 -571 -555 -549 3.1%
of which Russia 252 243 212 217 213 230 241 205 183 179 175 171 -6.6%
North America -291 -393 -400 -427 -535 -713 -696 -853 -760 -770 -790 -850 4.1%
of which Canada 256 279 287 294 283 275 268 161 200 200 210 210 -4.7%
of which Mexico -56 -70 -75 -66 -65 -108 -123 -123 -160 -180 -200 -200 10.3%
of which United States -492 -602 -612 -656 -753 -881 -841 -891 -800 -790 -800 -860 0.5%
Total world -17 14 0 45 -62 24 49 -12 63 49 -6 -67 -206.2%
World ex. China -17 14 0 45 -62 24 49 -12 63 49 -6 -67 -206.2%
Table 3.3: Slab upcharges, net trade and balance ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Upcharges (Unalloyed)
US Midwest DP (¢/lb) 4.9 6.6 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.6 0.0%
US Midwest DP ($/t) 107 145 162 164 168 168 168 163 175 170 167 167 0.0%
Germany delivered ($/t) 115 120 125 135 145 140 135 130 150 130 118 118 -2.7%
Japan CIF ($/t) 101 110 115 150 160 155 150 145 170 150 130 130 -2.8%
Primary Production
Africa 264 246 270 236 141 147 127 124 131 136 136 136 1.3%
Asia 1269 1532 1535 1605 1869 2112 2238 2471 2781 3006 3168 3221 7.6%
of which China 774 1075 1100 1102 1232 1367 1414 1530 1598 1623 1644 1632 2.9%
of which Turkey 15 15 9 0 9 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 0.6%
of which India 150 142 140 150 154 166 159 172 187 205 246 262 10.5%
Australasia 211 207 192 132 73 49 44 46 46 46 46 46 1.3%
Total Europe 2240 2054 1982 2025 2002 1974 2074 1939 1866 1841 1863 1895 -1.8%
of which Russia 409 430 438 482 544 558 639 543 419 412 433 464 -6.2%
of which rest of Europe 1831 1623 1544 1544 1458 1417 1435 1396 1446 1429 1431 1431 -0.1%
North America 1070 1105 1081 1103 1032 988 1015 1078 1162 1185 1224 1224 3.8%
of which Canada 706 740 730 747 683 692 716 704 751 756 756 756 1.1%
of which Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Total world 5151 5213 5124 5153 5157 5316 5545 5702 6033 6265 6488 6574 3.5%
World ex. China 4377 4138 4024 4051 3925 3949 4131 4172 4435 4642 4844 4942 3.6%
Africa 293 304 289 339 414 444 466 483 480 483 487 496 1.3%
Asia 10016 10521 12121 13672 14774 15874 17601 18406 19352 20266 21131 22135 4.7%
of which China 7336 7839 9158 10483 11390 12440 13896 14535 15335 16163 17041 18085 5.4%
of which Japan 1781 1778 1742 1857 1935 1945 2020 1955 1947 1935 1951 1963 -0.6%
of which Turkey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
of which India 77 71 85 82 52 70 96 89 97 104 79 66 -7.1%
Australasia 197 228 228 226 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Total Europe 5445 5637 5890 6117 6172 6365 6736 7066 7252 7352 7519 7553 2.3%
of which Russia 335 313 339 356 371 365 383 404 433 477 533 560 7.9%
North America 3434 3454 3636 3718 3729 3928 3983 4219 4195 4322 4440 4530 2.6%
of which Canada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
of which Mexico 39 46 40 41 41 31 41 34 34 34 35 35 -3.5%
Total world 19904 20693 22772 24769 25817 27323 29470 30889 32006 33171 34355 35493 3.8%
World ex. China 12568 12854 13615 14286 14427 14884 15575 16354 16671 17009 17313 17408 2.3%
Consumption
Africa 557 550 559 575 555 590 593 606 611 619 623 632 1.3%
Asia 11650 12380 13864 15518 16784 18070 19899 20951 22109 23173 24215 25254 4.9%
of which China 8109 8914 10258 11585 12622 13807 15310 16065 16933 17785 18685 19717 5.2%
of which Japan 1875 1852 1812 1931 1989 2028 2131 2094 2087 2071 2085 2092 -0.4%
of which Turkey 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 0.0%
of which India 227 214 225 232 206 236 255 261 284 310 325 328 5.2%
Australasia 281 313 313 239 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Total Europe 7544 7607 7852 8129 8178 8438 8920 9157 9333 9472 9674 9729 1.8%
of which Russia 407 423 456 480 511 546 587 622 679 732 796 824 7.0%
North America 4405 4427 4604 4697 4716 4827 4891 5142 5226 5304 5482 5655 2.9%
of which Canada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
of which Mexico 8 10 10 11 10 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 2.6%
Total world 25051 25893 27864 29905 30998 32675 35033 36615 38054 39367 40822 42101 3.7%
World ex. China 16941 16979 17606 18321 18376 18868 19722 20550 21121 21582 22136 22384 2.6%
Net Balance
Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Asia -366 -326 -208 -240 -141 -84 -60 -74 24 98 108 142 -218.9%
of which China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
of which Japan -88 -67 -64 -70 -54 -83 -111 -139 -140 -135 -134 -129 3.1%
of which Turkey -1 -1 -7 -16 -7 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -5.2%
of which India 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 41 -
of which South Korea -345 -336 -227 -261 -220 -197 -167 -170 -150 -159 -163 -165 -0.2%
Australasia 127 123 107 118 73 49 44 46 46 46 46 46 1.3%
Central & S. America 1 1 1 1 3 10 1 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Total Europe 140 84 20 13 -3 -98 -110 -151 -216 -279 -291 -281 20.7%
of which Russia 337 320 321 358 403 377 435 324 173 158 169 201 -14.3%
of which rest of Europe -197 -237 -302 -344 -407 -475 -545 -475 -389 -437 -460 -482 -2.4%
North America 101 132 113 123 44 88 109 155 131 203 182 98 -2.1%
of which Canada 706 740 730 747 683 692 716 704 751 756 756 756 1.1%
of which Mexico 31 36 30 30 31 22 33 24 24 24 24 24 -6.4%
Total world 3 14 32 16 -24 -35 -16 -24 -14 69 45 6 -182.8%
World ex. China 3 14 32 16 -24 -35 -16 -24 -14 69 45 6 -182.8%
Table 3.4: Primary foundry alloy upcharges, net trade and balance ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Upcharges
US Midwest DP small ingot (¢/lb) 13.0 14.0 12.5 13.0 10.5 9.2 12.0 10.7 10.3 10.3 -0.4%
US Midwest DP ($/t) 287 309 276 286 231 203 265 236 227 227 -0.4%
US Midwest DP T-Bar (¢/lb) 5.9 14.0 11.5 12.5 11.0 11.0 8.5 8.0 10.6 9.3 9.0 9.0 1.1%
US Midwest DP ($/t) 129 309 254 276 243 242 187 176 234 205 198 198 1.1%
Germany delivered ($/t) 252 289 265 253 300 224 187 228 231 207 203 196 0.9%
Japan CIF ($/t) 105 148 151 152 165 140 130 120 140 135 130 130 0.0%
Korea CIF (Busan) ($/t) 139 135 125 100 120 115 110 110 -2.5%
Korea CIF (Incheon) ($/t) 124 120 110 95 115 105 100 100 -1.9%
Primary Production
Africa 35 31 33 31 23 31 34 37 43 47 47 47 6.4%
Asia 2209 2478 2618 3003 3175 3488 3820 4250 4676 4984 5303 5714 8.4%
of which China 1542 1691 1752 2004 2157 2339 2582 2849 3084 3333 3588 3942 8.8%
of which Turkey 3 3 3 4 4 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 0.6%
of which India 13 4 0 0 0 0 0 28 101 94 107 112 -
Australasia 357 247 122 132 133 83 119 129 130 130 130 130 1.9%
Total Europe 916 943 878 913 994 1127 1206 1097 1037 1066 1117 1158 -0.8%
of which Russia 332 409 393 377 413 455 510 409 339 343 385 420 -3.8%
North America 383 423 473 470 467 423 414 379 406 407 407 407 -0.3%
of which Canada 302 288 360 366 378 359 352 316 335 335 335 335 -1.0%
of which Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Total world 3988 4220 4220 4651 4873 5260 5736 6033 6452 6805 7176 7628 5.9%
World ex. China 2446 2529 2468 2647 2716 2920 3154 3184 3368 3472 3588 3686 3.2%
Consumption
Africa 29 31 32 34 37 41 44 52 63 71 74 75 11.4%
Asia 2387 2602 2619 2949 3129 3376 3700 3974 4245 4530 4840 5229 7.2%
of which China 1542 1691 1752 2004 2157 2339 2582 2807 3026 3280 3537 3895 8.6%
of which Japan 272 325 281 317 307 282 300 326 329 311 318 320 1.3%
of which Turkey 118 104 110 117 131 149 172 177 178 180 181 185 1.5%
of which India 70 69 81 108 131 156 179 206 233 252 272 289 10.0%
Australasia 10 8 7 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Total Europe 906 854 866 901 938 1003 1081 1114 1163 1208 1242 1272 3.3%
of which Russia 28 35 29 35 38 31 45 64 73 78 85 89 14.4%
North America 478 597 653 694 706 780 782 811 808 859 899 922 3.4%
of which Canada 30 34 33 36 36 45 44 44 38 37 37 39 -2.1%
of which Mexico 261 291 287 322 364 412 428 430 434 470 490 503 3.3%
Total world 3921 4206 4297 4679 4888 5280 5721 6073 6411 6816 7214 7667 6.0%
World ex. China 2380 2515 2545 2676 2731 2941 3139 3266 3385 3536 3677 3773 3.7%
Net Balance
Africa 7 0 2 -3 -14 -10 -9 -15 -20 -24 -27 -29 24.6%
Asia -178 -124 -2 54 46 112 120 277 431 454 463 486 32.3%
of which China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 58 53 51 48 -
of which Japan -272 -325 -281 -317 -307 -282 -300 -326 -329 -311 -318 -320 1.3%
of which Turkey -115 -100 -108 -113 -127 -141 -164 -170 -170 -172 -174 -177 1.5%
of which India -56 -65 -81 -108 -131 -156 -179 -178 -133 -158 -165 -177 -0.3%
of which South Korea -257 -252 -217 -233 -232 -261 -251 -235 -253 -268 -280 -277 2.0%
of which Rest of Asia -81 -124 -127 -83 -59 -28 -29 5 52 76 104 148 -238.9%
Australasia 347 239 115 128 130 81 118 129 130 130 130 130 2.0%
Central & S. America -24 -16 -25 3 4 30 30 19 29 24 12 2 -41.9%
Total Europe 10 90 12 12 56 124 124 -17 -127 -143 -125 -114 -198.3%
of which Russia 304 374 364 342 375 423 464 345 267 265 300 331 -6.5%
North America -94 -175 -180 -223 -238 -357 -367 -432 -402 -452 -491 -515 7.0%
of which Canada 272 254 327 330 341 314 308 273 297 298 298 296 -0.8%
of which Mexico -261 -291 -286 -321 -364 -413 -428 -430 -434 -470 -490 -503 3.3%
Total world 67 14 -78 -29 -15 -20 15 -39 42 -10 -38 -39 -220.8%
World ex. China 67 14 -78 -29 -15 -20 15 -81 -17 -64 -89 -87 -241.7%
Table 3.5: Secondary foundry alloy net trade and balance ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Exchange Prices
LME Cash NASAAC 2396 2010 1837 2090 1773 1708 1865 -
LME Cash Aluminium Alloy 2269 1936 1798 1950 1721 1553 1708 -
Production
Africa 138 163 173 196 211 238 275 296 316 343 378 430 9.3%
Asia 5457 6519 7326 7736 7918 8806 9126 9443 9675 9982 10299 10463 2.8%
of which China 3090 3839 4541 4903 5096 5844 5993 6218 6292 6488 6674 6684 2.2%
of which Japan 396 480 572 504 520 536 482 451 457 442 444 442 -1.7% Back to
of which Turkey 182 229 236 226 256 321 341 335 344 357 362 372 1.8%
of which India 699 800 735 748 819 875 898 963 1024 1085 1150 1241 6.7%
Australasia 146 143 130 116 154 145 69 60 61 60 60 60 -2.7%
Total Europe 3166 3150 3185 3330 3353 3412 3370 3493 3567 3563 3571 3655 1.6%
of which Russia 624 648 671 622 520 503 525 534 557 568 579 590 2.3%
North America 2369 2640 2745 2895 2983 2988 2991 3031 3052 3101 3151 3157 1.1%
of which Canada 110 196 288 292 307 306 378 378 387 389 398 398 1.1%
of which Mexico 312 363 420 415 385 387 442 484 482 515 513 500 2.5%
Total world 11477 12822 13741 14382 14727 15669 15914 16411 16762 17139 17549 17856 2.3%
World ex. China 8387 8983 9200 9479 9631 9825 9920 10193 10470 10650 10874 11172 2.4%
Consumption
Africa 57 67 75 85 107 122 135 145 155 168 186 211 9.3%
Asia 6917 7821 8514 9063 9353 10141 10459 10731 10988 11295 11639 11809 2.5%
of which China 3698 4367 4974 5447 5653 6318 6517 6741 6822 7034 7236 7247 2.1%
of which Japan 1082 1164 1189 1176 1141 1188 1243 1162 1178 1139 1146 1138 -1.7%
of which Turkey 171 199 239 266 297 319 338 332 341 355 359 369 1.8%
of which India 760 856 787 797 859 926 943 1011 1076 1139 1208 1303 6.7%
Australasia 134 129 126 115 121 121 69 60 61 60 60 60 -2.7%
Total Europe 2945 2919 2929 3046 3119 3213 3234 3345 3439 3450 3473 3582 2.1%
of which Russia 401 430 430 368 284 281 300 305 318 325 331 337 2.3%
North America 2400 2671 2771 2925 3016 3016 3028 3071 3090 3141 3190 3196 1.1%
of which Canada 183 200 207 213 219 210 206 206 211 212 217 217 1.1%
of which Mexico 344 395 446 445 418 416 479 525 523 558 556 542 2.5%
Total world 12660 13813 14610 15387 15863 16721 17027 17460 17844 18224 18657 18971 2.2%
World ex. China 8962 9446 9636 9941 10210 10403 10510 10719 11022 11190 11421 11724 2.2%
Net Exports
Africa 81 96 99 111 104 116 140 151 161 175 193 219 9.3%
Asia -243 -247 -320 -239 -322 -386 -286 -242 -253 -221 -216 -220 -5.1%
of which China 608 527 434 544 557 475 523 523 530 546 562 563 1.5%
of which Japan -686 -684 -617 -672 -621 -652 -761 -711 -721 -697 -701 -697 -1.7%
of which Turkey 10 30 -3 -40 -41 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1.8%
of which India -61 -56 -52 -49 -41 -52 -45 -48 -51 -54 -58 -62 6.7%
of which South Korea -23 15 22 40 54 -11 62 62 64 64 65 65 0.9%
Australasia 12 15 4 1 33 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Central & S. America -5 1 -15 -44 -38 -27 -19 -20 -21 -20 -20 -21 1.9%
Total Europe 221 230 256 283 234 198 135 148 128 113 98 72 -11.8%
of which Russia 223 219 240 254 235 222 225 228 238 243 248 252 2.3%
of which rest of Europe -3 12 16 29 -1 -24 -89 -80 -110 -130 -150 -180 15.1%
North America -31 -31 -26 -30 -33 -29 -37 -40 -37 -40 -39 -40 1.4%
of which Canada -73 -5 81 80 89 96 172 172 176 177 181 181 1.1%
of which Mexico -31 -31 -26 -30 -33 -29 -37 -41 -41 -43 -43 -42 2.5%
of which United States 73 5 -81 -80 -89 -96 -172 -171 -172 -173 -177 -178 0.8%
Total world 34 64 -2 82 -22 -103 -67 -3 -22 7 15 11 -169.7%
World ex. China -575 -463 -436 -462 -579 -577 -590 -526 -552 -539 -546 -552 -1.3%
Table 3.6: Wire rod upcharges, net trade and balance ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Upcharges (EC Grade)

US Midwest DP (¢/lb) 13.0 14.5 15.0 15.0 13.5 12.8 12.3 13.0 13.3 13.4 13.4 1.0%
US Midwest DP ($/t) 287 320 331 331 298 281 270 287 293 295 295 1.0%
Germany delivered ($/t) 295 237 186 308 297 180 228 226 207 193 191 1.2%
Primary Production
Africa 51 50 49 50 48 46 65 62 70 71 71 71 1.6%
Asia 438 490 565 1150 1540 1806 2155 2394 2407 2701 2841 3066 7.3%
of which China 4 0 96 673 994 1209 1481 1555 1481 1632 1674 1773 3.7%
of which Middle East ex. Turkey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - contents
of which Turkey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
of which India 429 485 465 474 544 566 641 793 866 990 1073 1203 13.4%
Australasia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Central & S. America 142 150 147 120 113 95 92 64 64 66 66 66 -6.5%
Total Europe 489 528 514 567 572 588 594 566 582 597 612 604 0.3%
of which Russia 251 278 272 275 262 283 305 252 262 271 265 261 -3.1%
North America 174 143 160 163 172 140 134 141 145 146 146 146 1.7%
of which Canada 95 73 97 103 105 110 102 108 112 112 112 112 1.8%
of which Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Total world 1293 1360 1435 2049 2444 2674 3041 3226 3268 3580 3736 3952 5.4%
World ex. China 1289 1360 1339 1376 1450 1465 1561 1672 1787 1948 2062 2179 6.9%
Africa 17 44 52 80 108 110 107 137 160 156 165 174 10.2%
Asia 4440 4856 5073 4759 4576 4587 4681 4740 4951 4932 5050 5097 1.7%
of which China 3027 3414 3643 3296 3114 3047 3069 3144 3303 3254 3300 3299 1.5%
of which Japan 36 37 37 34 34 33 41 42 43 43 44 45 1.8%
of which Turkey 64 68 53 50 55 50 49 59 66 73 77 79 10.2%
of which India 520 500 458 425 446 500 480 405 407 379 402 383 -4.4%
Australasia 33 33 28 50 84 78 49 52 55 58 60 63 5.2%
Total Europe 184 224 225 175 140 158 194 203 210 205 193 200 0.6%
of which Russia 16 26 49 40 41 57 55 56 64 50 46 45 -4.0%
North America 300 279 281 233 205 241 275 294 311 329 345 366 5.9%
of which Canada 156 135 152 144 100 123 156 144 146 148 149 151 -0.7%
of which Mexico 24 20 22 18 17 22 20 20 22 24 25 26 5.5%
Total world 5089 5482 5721 5386 5187 5270 5416 5541 5810 5817 5970 6066 2.3%
World ex. China 2063 2068 2078 2090 2074 2223 2347 2397 2507 2563 2670 2768 3.3%
Consumption
Africa 116 122 133 152 171 183 203 216 226 236 245 255 4.7%
Asia 4798 5249 5565 5868 6106 6357 6753 7025 7243 7506 7754 8019 3.5%
of which China 3026 3409 3738 3967 4103 4254 4548 4696 4781 4885 4972 5070 2.2%
of which Japan 33 35 33 34 34 33 41 42 43 43 44 45 1.8%
of which Turkey 53 60 60 60 67 70 72 71 74 78 82 84 3.3%
of which India 942 968 913 916 1001 1080 1138 1217 1301 1403 1511 1624 7.4%
Australasia 36 37 36 43 47 48 49 52 55 58 60 63 5.4%
Total Europe 722 735 756 731 720 728 743 774 792 807 821 823 2.1%
of which Russia 192 207 215 199 185 184 182 183 186 186 186 186 0.4%
North America 466 462 464 415 403 443 505 525 535 545 554 563 2.2%
of which Canada 122 95 122 116 83 89 93 97 99 100 102 103 2.1%
of which Mexico 49 51 50 54 53 54 53 54 55 57 58 60 2.4%
Total world 6380 6801 7158 7417 7652 7963 8467 8821 9098 9416 9715 10016 3.4%
World ex. China 3353 3392 3420 3450 3549 3709 3919 4125 4317 4531 4743 4947 4.8%
Net Balance
Africa -48 -28 -32 -22 -14 -27 -30 -17 4 -9 -8 -10 -19.7%
Asia 79 97 73 41 10 36 83 109 115 126 137 144 11.6%
of which China 4 5 1 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.3%
of which Japan 4 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
of which Turkey 10 8 -7 -10 -12 -20 -23 -12 -8 -5 -5 -5 -26.2%
of which India 7 17 11 -17 -11 -15 -17 -19 -28 -34 -36 -38 17.0%
of which South Korea 0 6 2 2 1 0 -9 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10 2.5%
of which Rest of Asia 10 -12 -16 -11 -1 -11 0 10 12 15 19 18 114.9%
Australasia -3 -4 -8 8 37 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Central & S. America 16 0 6 0 -18 -14 -13 -50 -60 -60 -60 -60 34.8%
Total Europe -50 17 -17 10 -8 18 46 -5 0 -5 -15 -20 -184.7%
of which Russia 75 97 106 116 119 156 178 125 140 135 125 120 -7.6%
North America 8 -40 -23 -18 -27 -62 -95 -90 -80 -71 -63 -52 -11.4%
of which Canada 129 113 128 131 123 144 165 155 159 159 159 159 -0.7%
of which Mexico -25 -31 -29 -36 -36 -31 -33 -34 -34 -33 -34 -34 0.2%
of which United States -96 -122 -122 -114 -113 -175 -227 -211 -205 -197 -189 -178 -4.8%
Total world 3 42 -1 18 -21 -19 -10 -54 -20 -18 -9 2 -172.6%
World ex. China -2 36 -2 16 -25 -21 -11 -56 -22 -20 -11 0 -64.6%
Table 3.7: World third party slab consumption ('000t)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
3rd party slab consumption/slab purchases by rolling mills
Africa 121 110 123 134 97 112 112 112
Asia 1688 1958 1823 1852 1970 2141 2155 2349
of which China 774 1075 1100 1102 1232 1367 1414 1530
of which Japan 331 333 299 296 293 350 383 416
of which Turkey 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
of which India 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Europe 2109 2031 2011 2074 2279 2364 2502 2526
of which Russia 72 110 117 124 141 181 204 219
North America 1141 1150 1191 1246 1285 1351 1465 1519
Total world 4893 4882 4770 4892 4844 5216 5252 5348
World ex. China 4190 3894 3758 3855 3854 4000 4079 4041
Data: CRU.
Notes: 1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2016-2021.
2019 2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 Back to
contents
112 112 112 112 0.0%
2453 2529 2615 2640 4.1%
1598 1623 1644 1632 2.9%
422 423 427 427 2.2%
57 72 94 94 18.6%
16 16 16 16 0.0%
0 0 0 0 -
210 219 223 225 3.0%
150 176 211 246 18.0%
0 0 0 0 -
37 41 40 40 2.1%
2536 2572 2607 2629 1.0%
246 254 264 264 5.3%
2289 2318 2343 2365 0.6%
1641 1663 1735 1888 5.2%
0 0 0 0 -
0 0 0 0 -
1641 1663 1735 1888 5.2%
5442 5473 5522 5522 1.0%

4093 4123 4172 4172 0.5%
Table 3.8: Slab Consumption by rolling mill ('000t)
Region Country Company Mill

Africa Cameroon Various Edea
Africa Egypt Egyptalum Nag Hammadi
Africa Ghana Various Tema
Africa South Africa Hulamin Pietermaritzburg
Africa South Africa Isizinda Aluminium Richards Bay
Total Africa
Australasia Australia Alcoa Point Henry

Australasia Australia Alcoa Yennora
Total Australasia
C&S America Argentina Aluar Aluminio Abasto

C&S America Brazil Novelis Pindamonhangaba
C&S America Venezuela Pivensa Aluminum Puerto Ordaz
Total C&S America
Europe ex. Russia Austria AMAG Ranshofen

Europe ex. Russia Belgium Aleris Duffel
Europe ex. Russia Croatia Impol-TLM Sibenik
Europe ex. Russia Czech Rep AL INVEST Bridlicna Bridlicna
Europe ex. Russia France Constellium Issoire
Europe ex. Russia France Constellium Neuf Brisach
Europe ex. Russia Germany Novelis/Hydro Aluminium Alunorf
Europe ex. Russia Germany Metal Corp BAGR
Europe ex. Russia Germany Hydro Aluminium Hamburg
Europe ex. Russia Germany Aleris Koblenz
Europe ex. Russia Germany Novelis Nachterstedt
Europe ex. Russia Germany Constellium Singen
Europe ex. Russia Germany Metal Corp Stockach
Europe ex. Russia Greece Elval Oinofyta
Europe ex. Russia Hungary Arconic Szekesfehervar
Europe ex. Russia Italy Profilglass Aluminium Bellocchi di Fano
Europe ex. Russia Italy Laminazione Sottile Caserta
Europe ex. Russia Italy SLIM Aluminium Cisterna
Europe ex. Russia Italy Carcano Antonio Delebio
Europe ex. Russia Italy SLIM Aluminium Fusina
Europe ex. Russia Italy Laminati Alluminio Gallarate (LAG) Gallarate
Europe ex. Russia Italy Novelis Pieve
Europe ex. Russia Norway Hydro Aluminium Holmestrand
Europe ex. Russia Poland Huta Aluminium Konin Konin
Europe ex. Russia Romania Alro/Vimetco Jud Olt (Slatina)
Europe ex. Russia Serbia Impol Seval Sevojno
Europe ex. Russia Spain Aludium Amorebieta
Europe ex. Russia Sweden Gränges Finspång
Europe ex. Russia Switzerland Novelis/Constellium Sierre
Europe ex. Russia UK Bridgnorth Aluminium Bridgnorth
Europe ex. Russia UK Arconic Kitts Green
Europe ex. Russia UK Novelis Warrington
Total Europe ex. Russia
India India Hindalco Belur

India India Hindalco Hirakud
India India Balco Korba
India India Hindalco Renukoot
India India Hindalco Taloja
Total India
Japan Japan Mitsubishi Aluminum Co Fuji

Japan Japan UACJ Fukaya
Japan Japan UACJ Fukui
Japan Japan Various Standalone Remelter
Japan Japan Kobe Steel Moka
Japan Japan Nippon Light Metal Nagoya (NLM)
Japan Japan UACJ Nagoya (SLM)
Japan Japan UACJ Nikko
Japan Japan Various Other Japan
Japan Japan Showa Aluminium Sakai
Total Japan
Mexico Mexico Arzyz Arzyz

Mexico Mexico Almexa Santa Maria Tulpetlac
Mexico Mexico Aluminicaste Guanajuato
Total Mexico
Middle East ex. Turkey Abu Dhabi Emiroll Kizad

Middle East ex. Turkey Bahrain Garmco Garmco
Middle East ex. Turkey Iran Navard Aluminum Arak
Middle East ex. Turkey Saudi Arabia Ma'aden Rolling Company Ras al Khair
Total Middle East ex. Turkey

Rest of Asia Hong Kong Meyer Aluminium Hong Kong
Rest of Asia Indonesia PT Alumindo Light Metal Industry Sidoarjo
Rest of Asia Taiwan CS Aluminum Kaohsiung
Rest of Asia Thailand UATH Rayong
Rest of Asia Vietnam Novelis Bin Doung
Total Rest of Asia
Russia Russia Stupino Metallurgical Belaya Kalitwa

Russia Russia KUMZ Kamensk-Uralsky
Russia Russia Arconic Samara
Total Russia
South Korea South Korea Daeho AL Dalseong

South Korea South Korea AT Daechang Inchon
South Korea South Korea Ulsan Aluminium Ulsan
South Korea South Korea Metal Corp Yeondong-Myeon
South Korea South Korea Novelis Korea Ltd Yeongju
Total South Korea
Turkey Turkey ETI Aluminyum Seydisehir
Total Turkey
United States United States Arconic Alcoa Tennessee

United States United States Alexin Alexin
United States United States Novelis Berea
United States United States Matalco Canton
United States United States Arconic Davenport, Arconic
United States United States Braidy Industries EastPark
United States United States Novelis Greensboro
United States United States Matalco Kentucky
United States United States Arconic Lancaster
United States United States Aleris Lewisport
United States United States Tri-Arrows/Novelis Logan
United States United States Skana Aluminum Co. Manitowoc
United States United States Constellium Muscle Shoals
United States United States Sceptor New Johnsonville
United States United States Novelis Oswego
United States United States Constellium Ravenswood
United States United States Arconic Texarkana
United States United States Kaiser Aluminum Trentwood
United States United States TST TST California
United States United States Vista Vista California
United States United States Vista Vista Georgia
United States United States Alcoa Warrick
Total United States
Data: CRU.
Roller/Standalone 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Rolling Mill 57 60 60 60 54 47 47
Rolling Mill 197 201 201 201 201 201 201
Rolling Mill 29 20 34 33 28 33 33
Rolling Mill 274 269 265 282 273 309 312
Standalone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
557 550 559 575 555 590 593
Rolling Mill 130 132 132 104 0 0 0

Rolling Mill 150 180 180 135 0 0 0
281 313 313 239 0 0 0
Rolling Mill 50 43 42 43 60 51 37
Rolling Mill 543 555 613 690 694 689 683
Rolling Mill 21 19 16 14 10 10 10
614 617 671 747 764 749 730
Rolling Mill 238 246 257 279 286 320 375

Rolling Mill 270 226 252 255 275 295 347
Rolling Mill 62 62 62 59 38 49 70
Rolling Mill 4 4 4 4 10 10 10
Rolling Mill 220 220 222 230 232 232 232
Rolling Mill 615 600 584 655 703 674 694
Rolling Mill 2740 2769 2878 3019 2911 3001 3181
Rolling Mill 219 199 225 250 243 249 252
Rolling Mill 251 251 252 257 257 257 257
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rolling Mill 351 390 392 358 358 314 321
Rolling Mill 311 317 331 352 350 384 388
Rolling Mill 201 206 214 221 205 196 196
Rolling Mill 102 138 78 84 85 85 85
Rolling Mill 119 134 133 141 146 165 176
Rolling Mill 78 74 81 86 94 100 110
Rolling Mill 50 51 51 51 51 54 54
Rolling Mill 102 102 102 102 89 98 98
Rolling Mill 22 22 22 22 22 25 25
Rolling Mill 138 123 133 126 114 129 129
Rolling Mill 127 127 127 128 153 156 158
Rolling Mill 94 112 121 132 138 134 141
Rolling Mill 73 78 81 84 82 71 73
Rolling Mill 319 319 321 283 300 334 391
Rolling Mill 125 108 124 113 130 147 153
Rolling Mill 230 230 262 275 295 312 312
Rolling Mill 77 75 89 81 99 103 106
7138 7184 7396 7649 7667 7892 8333
Rolling Mill 31 28 28 28 28 28 27
Rolling Mill 0 0 13 34 44 76 76
Rolling Mill 70 63 62 48 12 11 25
Rolling Mill 51 51 51 51 51 49 56
Rolling Mill 76 72 72 72 72 72 72
227 214 225 232 206 236 255
Rolling Mill 183 191 188 199 202 207 212

Rolling Mill 174 204 198 211 157 107 103
Rolling Mill 359 365 330 322 343 380 433
Rolling Mill 399 364 368 428 497 539 579
Rolling Mill 117 98 104 112 120 119 122
Rolling Mill 577 561 548 583 589 589 587
Rolling Mill 6 31 33 35 34 40 48
Rolling Mill 34 39 42 42 47 48 48
1875 1852 1812 1931 1989 2028 2131
Rolling Mill 8 10 10 11 10 9 9
8 10 10 11 10 9 9
Rolling Mill 153 153 153 158 158 148 158
Rolling Mill 66 65 64 63 63 66 67
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 36 128 194 293
219 218 217 258 349 408 518

Rolling Mill 51 57 66 57 64 68 68
Rolling Mill 121 112 101 105 105 95 111
Rolling Mill 128 139 147 170 202 194 194
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 0 32 95 160
299 307 314 332 402 453 534
Rolling Mill 32 33 30 33 35 61 79
Rolling Mill 144 148 160 172 186 195 233
Rolling Mill 232 242 267 274 291 289 275
407 423 456 480 511 546 587
Rolling Mill 58 54 51 55 48 55 54
Rolling Mill 33 28 32 28 19 30 35
Rolling Mill 407 345 358 361 355 350 393
Rolling Mill 406 432 582 720 778 686 653
904 859 1024 1164 1200 1122 1135
Rolling Mill 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Rolling Mill 508 483 487 454 439 516 534

Rolling Mill 356 367 411 435 520 537 544
Rolling Mill 283 304 302 302 302 301 314
Rolling Mill 274 274 267 268 252 250 231
Rolling Mill 1127 1128 1128 1120 1106 1099 1111
Rolling Mill 28 28 28 31 31 31 31
Rolling Mill 483 505 549 551 561 595 632
Rolling Mill 652 615 608 708 678 687 687
Rolling Mill 190 210 241 245 245 274 271
Rolling Mill 161 182 181 187 186 188 184
Rolling Mill 333 320 392 387 384 342 343
4397 4417 4594 4687 4706 4818 4881

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
47 47 47 47 47
201 201 201 201 207
Back to
33 33 33 33 33 contents
325 330 337 341 344
0 0 0 0 0
606 611 619 623 632
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
47 40 43 43 45
702 725 747 775 775
10 10 10 10 10
759 775 800 828 830
417 461 470 481 480

347 347 347 347 347
116 125 130 143 149
10 10 10 10 10
232 232 232 232 232
704 724 726 734 734
3191 3215 3258 3346 3351
0 0 0 0 0
254 257 259 261 263
257 257 257 257 257
0 0 0 0 0
337 337 337 337 337
0 0 0 0 0
400 400 400 400 403
196 196 196 196 196
85 92 98 98 98
203 204 205 206 206
116 110 110 110 110
54 54 54 54 54
98 98 98 98 98
25 25 25 25 25
0 0 0 0 0
129 129 129 129 130
161 164 168 170 173
150 152 154 154 154
75 77 80 82 81
397 402 408 413 419
156 159 162 165 168
319 319 319 319 321
107 108 109 111 111
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
8534 8654 8740 8878 8906
29 29 29 29 29
71 75 79 95 95
27 38 60 60 62
58 64 64 64 64
75 78 78 78 78
261 284 310 325 328
212 212 212 212 212

79 79 79 79 79
455 455 448 449 449
0 0 0 0 0
582 581 573 572 572
122 122 122 122 122
563 554 553 553 553
0 0 0 0 0
34 37 37 50 57
48 48 48 48 48
2094 2087 2071 2085 2092
0 0 0 0 0
10 10 10 11 11
0 0 0 0 0
10 10 10 11 11
0 34 52 74 74
203 203 203 207 217
67 67 67 67 67
379 477 538 593 593
648 781 860 942 951

68 68 68 68 68
113 117 120 128 128
199 211 230 236 236
231 332 414 436 436
0 0 0 0 0
611 728 832 868 868
100 114 126 146 149

252 274 312 347 371
270 291 294 304 304
622 679 732 796 824
54 54 54 54 54
35 35 35 35 35
467 486 509 513 515
0 0 0 0 0
701 705 702 692 677
1256 1280 1299 1293 1282
16 16 16 16 16
16 16 16 16 16
499 391 431 465 465

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
561 563 563 563 574
0 0 0 29 123
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
325 325 325 325 340
305 323 335 375 390
1103 1138 1141 1166 1166
36 36 33 36 42
657 709 709 728 735
0 0 0 0 0
736 779 805 832 853
283 283 283 283 283
0 0 0 0 0
187 187 187 190 195
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
440 480 480 480 480
5132 5216 5293 5472 5645

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contents
Table 3.9: Slab Production by rolling mill ('000t)

Total Africa

Total Australasia

Total C&S America


Total India

Total Japan

Total Mexico


Total Rest of Asia

Total Russia

Total South Korea
Total Turkey

Total United States
Data: CRU.
Rolling Mill 32 31 32 31 25 18 21
Rolling Mill 108 114 115 115 117 117 133
Rolling Mill 153 159 142 147 176 197 200
Standalone 0 0 0 46 97 112 112
293 304 289 339 414 444 466
Rolling Mill 47 48 48 91 0 0 0
Rolling Mill 150 180 180 135 0 0 0
197 228 228 226 0 0 0
Rolling Mill 38 31 29 30 47 44 27
Rolling Mill 461 499 563 653 670 659 647
Rolling Mill 21 19 16 14 10 10 10
519 549 609 697 728 713 684
Rolling Mill 176 180 190 195 211 270 337

Rolling Mill 190 192 209 210 226 241 277
Rolling Mill 62 62 62 51 31 37 49
Rolling Mill 4 4 4 4 10 10 10
Rolling Mill 220 220 222 223 217 207 217
Rolling Mill 361 353 345 385 361 371 390
Rolling Mill 1563 1598 1686 1776 1645 1687 1850
Standalone 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
Rolling Mill 219 199 225 250 243 249 252
Rolling Mill 203 203 205 209 209 209 209
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 50 245 250 300
Rolling Mill 158 171 172 148 153 150 102
Standalone 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Rolling Mill 251 256 262 278 276 275 279
Rolling Mill 213 224 238 251 235 226 226
Rolling Mill 42 128 68 74 67 52 52
Rolling Mill 119 134 133 141 146 165 176
Rolling Mill 51 74 81 86 67 73 83
Rolling Mill 50 51 51 51 51 54 54
Rolling Mill 95 95 95 95 82 91 91
Rolling Mill 22 22 22 22 22 25 25
Rolling Mill 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Rolling Mill 138 123 133 126 114 129 129
Rolling Mill 105 127 127 120 145 148 150
Rolling Mill 73 78 81 88 88 77 79
Rolling Mill 166 166 186 166 155 153 171
Rolling Mill 93 82 92 86 97 108 111
Rolling Mill 230 230 262 275 295 312 312
Rolling Mill 40 38 66 65 75 71 64
Standalone 110 160 180 180 180 207 203
5109 5324 5551 5761 5801 6001 6353
Rolling Mill 14 14 14 14 14 14 13
Rolling Mill 22 18 32 28 0 11 25
Rolling Mill 42 39 39 39 39 45 59
77 71 85 82 52 70 96
Rolling Mill 103 120 119 114 116 120 125

Rolling Mill 113 155 162 191 157 107 103
Rolling Mill 359 365 330 322 328 310 333
Rolling Mill 319 284 286 346 413 453 491
Rolling Mill 105 87 91 98 105 105 107
Rolling Mill 480 438 449 488 495 495 493
Rolling Mill 6 31 33 35 34 40 48
Rolling Mill 34 39 42 42 47 48 48
1544 1518 1512 1635 1696 1678 1748
Rolling Mill 8 10 10 11 10 9 9
Standalone 31 36 30 30 31 22 22
39 46 40 41 41 31 41
Rolling Mill 29 45 49 42 37 62 118
Rolling Mill 33 47 53 34 46 54 54
62 92 102 77 83 117 172
Rolling Mill 51 57 66 57 64 68 68
Rolling Mill 44 40 40 58 57 47 57
Rolling Mill 104 115 123 146 167 162 156
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 0 28 86 144
Standalone 3 6 8 10 17 15 23
201 217 237 271 334 378 449
Rolling Mill 32 33 30 33 35 31 30
Rolling Mill 124 118 130 142 156 153 173
Rolling Mill 180 162 180 180 180 180 180
335 313 339 356 371 365 383
Rolling Mill 58 54 51 55 48 55 54
Rolling Mill 33 28 32 28 19 30 35
Rolling Mill 171 148 258 241 255 170 193
Standalone 0 0 0 0 20 50 50
Rolling Mill 297 293 455 579 638 619 636
558 523 797 903 980 925 968
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rolling Mill 508 483 487 454 439 516 534

Standalone 0 0 0 0 0 10 49
Standalone 175 175 242 280 280 320 320
Rolling Mill 256 261 329 329 329 329 344
Standalone 80 80 110 120 144 166 189
Rolling Mill 255 274 272 272 272 271 274
Rolling Mill 274 274 267 268 252 250 231
Rolling Mill 545 545 545 585 600 600 600
Rolling Mill 28 28 28 31 31 31 31
Rolling Mill 450 450 450 448 448 450 450
Standalone 60 60 60 60 60 60 70
Rolling Mill 351 345 341 363 363 367 308
Rolling Mill 156 176 207 211 211 234 221
Standalone 0 0 0 0 0 37 63
Rolling Mill 125 125 126 125 125 125 125
Standalone 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
Standalone 72 72 72 72 72 72 72
Standalone 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
3396 3408 3596 3677 3687 3897 3941

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
21 21 18 18 18
136 129 128 128 134
0 0 0 0 0
Back to
contents
213 218 225 229 232
112 112 112 112 112
483 480 483 487 496
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
37 30 33 33 35
668 688 706 735 735
10 10 10 10 10
715 728 749 778 780
378 422 432 443 442

277 277 277 277 277
76 55 60 73 79
10 10 10 10 10
217 217 217 217 217
394 414 416 424 424
1856 1860 1883 1951 1936
90 90 90 90 90
254 257 259 261 263
209 209 209 209 209
400 400 400 400 400
114 114 114 114 114
70 90 90 90 90
291 291 291 291 294
226 226 226 226 226
52 59 65 65 65
203 204 205 206 206
89 83 83 83 83
54 54 54 54 54
91 91 91 91 91
25 25 25 25 25
15 15 15 15 15
129 129 129 129 130
146 146 148 147 148
0 0 0 0 0
81 83 86 88 87
208 286 288 293 299
114 116 118 120 123
319 319 319 319 321
64 65 64 65 65
0 0 0 0 0
210 210 210 210 210
6662 6819 6874 6987 6993
15 15 15 15 15
0 0 0 0 0
27 38 44 19 5
0 0 0 0 0
47 44 46 46 46
89 97 104 79 66
125 125 125 125 125

79 79 79 79 79
325 324 321 322 322
0 0 0 0 0
490 485 472 467 467
107 107 107 107 107
469 460 460 459 459
0 0 0 0 0
34 37 37 50 57
48 48 48 48 48
1677 1665 1648 1658 1665
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 11 11
14 14 14 14 14
34 34 34 35 35
0 0 0 0 0
180 180 183 187 197
54 54 54 54 54
0 0 0 0 0
234 235 237 242 252
68 68 68 68 68
51 54 56 60 60
150 157 159 156 156
207 299 373 373 338
30 30 30 30 30
508 608 686 687 652
31 39 46 66 69
192 214 252 287 311
180 180 180 180 180
404 433 477 533 560
54 54 54 54 54
35 35 35 35 35
247 286 300 300 300
90 90 90 90 90
661 665 662 652 637
1086 1130 1140 1130 1117
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
499 391 431 465 465

49 49 49 49 49
320 320 340 340 340
17 17 17 17 17
360 380 380 380 380
0 0 0 0 0
204 204 204 204 204
0 50 120 170 240
275 275 275 275 290
305 310 310 341 341
600 600 600 600 600
36 36 33 36 42
450 450 450 450 450
75 75 75 75 75
356 363 363 363 363
233 233 233 233 233
150 150 150 150 150
125 125 125 125 125
36 36 36 36 36
72 72 72 72 72
24 24 24 24 24
0 0 0 0 0
4186 4161 4288 4405 4495

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contents
Table 3.10: Slab Purchases by rolling mill

Total Africa

Total Australasia

Total C&S America


Total India

Total Japan

Total Mexico


Total Rest of Asia

Total Russia

Total South Korea
Total Turkey

Total United States
Data: CRU.
Rolling Mill 121 110 123 134 97 112 112
121 110 123 134 97 112 112
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rolling Mill 82 56 50 37 24 30 36
82 56 50 37 24 30 36
Rolling Mill 62 66 67 85 75 50 38
Rolling Mill 80 34 43 46 50 53 70
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 8 8 13 21
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 7 15 25 15
Rolling Mill 254 247 239 270 342 303 304
Rolling Mill 1004 1012 1002 1018 1061 1092 1096
Rolling Mill 48 48 48 48 48 48 48
Rolling Mill 193 219 220 210 205 163 219
Rolling Mill 60 62 69 74 74 109 109
Rolling Mill 60 10 10 10 18 33 33
Rolling Mill 27 0 0 0 27 27 27
Rolling Mill 153 153 135 117 145 181 220
Rolling Mill 32 26 31 28 33 39 41
Rolling Mill 37 37 22 15 23 32 42
2038 1921 1894 1950 2139 2183 2298
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rolling Mill 80 70 69 85 87 87 87
Rolling Mill 61 49 37 20 0 0 0
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 0 15 70 100
Rolling Mill 81 80 82 83 83 86 88
Rolling Mill 12 11 12 13 14 14 15
Rolling Mill 97 123 100 95 94 94 94
331 333 299 296 293 350 383
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rolling Mill 124 108 104 116 121 86 40
124 108 104 116 121 86 40
Rolling Mill 77 72 61 47 47 48 54
Rolling Mill 24 24 24 24 35 32 38
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 0 3 10 16
101 96 85 71 85 90 108
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 0 0 30 49
Rolling Mill 20 30 30 30 30 42 60
Rolling Mill 52 80 87 94 111 109 95
72 110 117 124 141 181 204
Rolling Mill 233 191 92 110 83 165 177
Rolling Mill 109 139 127 141 140 67 17
342 330 219 251 223 232 194
Rolling Mill 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Rolling Mill 100 106 82 106 191 208 200
Rolling Mill 28 30 30 30 30 30 40
Rolling Mill 582 583 583 535 506 499 511
Rolling Mill 33 55 99 103 113 145 182
Rolling Mill 301 270 267 345 315 320 379
Rolling Mill 34 34 34 34 34 40 50
Rolling Mill 36 57 55 62 61 63 59
Rolling Mill 25 14 41 31 35 47 44
1141 1150 1191 1246 1285 1351 1465

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
Back to
contents
112 112 112 112 112
0 0 0 0 0
112 112 112 112 112
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
34 37 41 40 40
0 0 0 0 0
34 37 41 40 40
38 38 38 38 38
70 70 70 70 70
40 70 70 70 70
0 0 0 0 0
15 15 15 15 15
310 310 310 310 310
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
48 48 48 48 48
0 0 0 0 0
222 222 222 222 222
0 0 0 0 0
109 109 109 109 109
0 0 0 0 0
33 33 33 33 33
0 0 0 0 0
27 27 27 27 27
0 0 0 0 0
7 7 7 7 7
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
15 18 20 23 25
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
189 116 120 120 120
41 43 44 45 45
0 0 0 0 0
42 43 45 45 45
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
2307 2289 2318 2343 2365
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
87 87 87 87 87
0 0 0 0 0
130 131 127 127 127
0 0 0 0 0
92 96 101 106 106
15 15 15 15 15
94 94 94 94 94
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
416 422 423 427 427
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 34 52 74 74
23 23 20 20 20
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
23 57 72 94 94
0 0 0 0 0
61 63 64 68 68
49 54 71 80 80
23 33 41 63 98
0 0 0 0 0
133 150 176 211 246
69 75 80 80 80
60 60 60 60 60
90 111 114 124 124
219 246 254 264 264
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
190 170 179 183 185
0 0 0 0 0
40 40 40 40 40
230 210 219 223 225
16 16 16 16 16
16 16 16 16 16
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
201 183 183 183 194
0 0 0 29 123
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
50 50 50 50 50
0 13 25 34 49
503 538 541 566 566
0 0 0 0 0
207 259 259 278 285
0 0 0 0 0
380 416 442 469 490
50 50 50 50 50
0 0 0 0 0
62 62 62 65 70
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
66 69 51 12 12
1519 1641 1663 1735 1888

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contents
Table 3.11: Slab net external by rolling mill

Total Africa

Total Australasia

Total C&S America


Total India

Total Japan

Total Mexico


Total Rest of Asia

Total Russia

Total South Korea
Total Turkey

Total United States
Data: CRU.
Rolling Mill -25 -29 -28 -29 -29 -29 -26
Rolling Mill -89 -87 -86 -86 -84 -84 -68
Rolling Mill -29 -20 -34 -33 -28 -33 -33
Rolling Mill -121 -110 -123 -134 -97 -112 -112
Standalone - - - 46 97 112 112
-264 -246 -270 -236 -141 -147 -127
Rolling Mill -84 -84 -85 -13 0 0 0

Rolling Mill 0 0 0 0- - -
-84 -84 -85 -13 0 0 0
Rolling Mill -13 -13 -13 -13 -13 -7 -10

Rolling Mill -82 -56 -50 -37 -24 -30 -36
-95 -69 -63 -50 -37 -37 -46
Rolling Mill -62 -66 -67 -85 -75 -50 -38

Rolling Mill -80 -34 -43 -46 -50 -53 -70
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 -8 -8 -13 -21
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 -7 -15 -25 -15
Rolling Mill -254 -247 -239 -270 -342 -303 -304
Rolling Mill -1177 -1172 -1192 -1243 -1266 -1314 -1331
Standalone 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
Rolling Mill -48 -48 -48 -48 -48 -48 -48
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 50 245 250 300
Rolling Mill -193 -219 -220 -210 -205 -163 -219
Standalone 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Rolling Mill -60 -62 -69 -74 -74 -109 -109
Rolling Mill 12 18 24 30 30 30 30
Rolling Mill -60 -10 -10 -10 -18 -33 -33
Rolling Mill -27 0 0 0 -27 -27 -27
Rolling Mill -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7
Rolling Mill 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Rolling Mill -22 0 0 -8 -8 -8 -9
Rolling Mill -94 -112 -121 -132 -138 -134 -141
Rolling Mill -153 -153 -135 -117 -145 -181 -220
Rolling Mill -32 -26 -31 -28 -33 -39 -41
Rolling Mill -37 -37 -22 -15 -23 -32 -42
Standalone 110 160 180 180 180 207 203
-2028 -1860 -1846 -1888 -1865 -1892 -1980
Rolling Mill -17 -14 -14 -14 -14 -14 -14

Rolling Mill - - -13 -34 -44 -76 -76
Rolling Mill -48 -45 -30 -20 -12 0 0
Rolling Mill -51 -51 -51 -51 -51 -49 -56
Rolling Mill -34 -32 -32 -32 -33 -27 -13
-150 -143 -139 -151 -154 -166 -159
Rolling Mill -80 -70 -69 -85 -87 -87 -87

Rolling Mill -61 -49 -37 -20 0 0 0
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 0 -15 -70 -100
Rolling Mill -81 -80 -82 -83 -83 -86 -88
Rolling Mill -12 -11 -12 -13 -14 -14 -15
Rolling Mill -97 -123 -100 -95 -94 -94 -94
Rolling Mill 0 0- - - - -
-331 -333 -299 -296 -293 -350 -383
Standalone 31 36 30 30 31 22 22
31 36 30 30 31 22 32
Rolling Mill - - - - - - -
Rolling Mill -124 -108 -104 -116 -121 -86 -40
Rolling Mill -33 -18 -11 -29 -17 -12 -13
Rolling Mill - - - -36 -128 -194 -293
-157 -126 -115 -181 -266 -292 -346
Rolling Mill -77 -72 -61 -47 -47 -48 -54
Rolling Mill -24 -24 -24 -24 -35 -32 -38
Rolling Mill - - - 0 -3 -10 -16
Standalone 3 6 8 10 17 15 23
-98 -90 -77 -61 -68 -75 -85
Rolling Mill 0 0 0 0 0 -30 -49

Rolling Mill -20 -30 -30 -30 -30 -42 -60
Rolling Mill -52 -80 -87 -94 -111 -109 -95
-72 -110 -117 -124 -141 -181 -204
Rolling Mill -236 -197 -100 -120 -100 -180 -200
Standalone 0 0 0 0 20 50 50
Rolling Mill -109 -139 -127 -141 -140 -67 -17
-345 -336 -227 -261 -220 -197 -167
Rolling Mill -16 -16 -16 -16 -16 -16 -16
-16 -16 -16 -16 -16 -16 -16
Standalone 0 0 0 0 0 10 49
Standalone 175 175 242 280 280 320 320
Rolling Mill -100 -106 -82 -106 -191 -208 -200
Standalone 80 80 110 120 144 166 189
Rolling Mill -28 -30 -30 -30 -30 -30 -40
Rolling Mill -582 -583 -583 -535 -506 -499 -511
Rolling Mill -33 -55 -99 -103 -113 -145 -182
Standalone 60 60 60 60 60 60 70
Rolling Mill -301 -270 -267 -345 -315 -320 -379
Rolling Mill -34 -34 -34 -34 -34 -40 -50
Standalone 0 0 0 0 0 37 63
Rolling Mill -36 -57 -55 -62 -61 -63 -59
Standalone 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
Standalone 72 72 72 72 72 72 72
Standalone 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Rolling Mill -333 -320 -392 -387 -384 -342 -343
-1001 -1008 -998 -1010 -1018 -922 -940

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
-26 -26 -30 -30 -30
-65 -72 -73 -73 -73
-33 -33 -33 -33 -33
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contents
-112 -112 -112 -112 -112
112 112 112 112 112
-124 -131 -136 -136 -136
0 0 0 0 0
- - - - -
0 0 0 0 0
-10 -10 -10 -10 -10

-34 -37 -41 -40 -40
0 0 0 0 0
-44 -47 -51 -50 -50
-38 -38 -38 -38 -38

-70 -70 -70 -70 -70
-40 -70 -70 -70 -70
0 0 0 0 0
-15 -15 -15 -15 -15
-310 -310 -310 -310 -310
-1335 -1355 -1375 -1395 -1415
90 90 90 90 90
0 0 0 0 0
-48 -48 -48 -48 -48
400 400 400 400 400
-222 -222 -222 -222 -222
70 90 90 90 90
-109 -109 -109 -109 -109
30 30 30 30 30
-33 -33 -33 -33 -33
0 0 0 0 0
-27 -27 -27 -27 -27
0 0 0 0 0
-7 -7 -7 -7 -7
0 0 0 0 0
15 15 15 15 15
0 0 0 0 0
-15 -18 -20 -23 -25
-150 -152 -154 -154 -154
6 6 6 6 6
-189 -116 -120 -120 -120
-41 -43 -44 -45 -45
0 0 0 0 0
-42 -43 -45 -45 -45
0 0 0 0 0
210 210 210 210 210
-1872 -1835 -1866 -1891 -1913
-14 -14 -14 -14 -14

-71 -75 -79 -95 -95
0 0 -16 -41 -57
-58 -64 -64 -64 -64
-28 -34 -32 -32 -32
-172 -187 -205 -246 -262
-87 -87 -87 -87 -87

0 0 0 0 0
-130 -131 -127 -127 -127
0 0 0 0 0
-92 -96 -101 -106 -106
-15 -15 -15 -15 -15
-94 -94 -94 -94 -94
- - - - -
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
-416 -422 -423 -427 -427
10 10 10 10 10
0 0 0 0 0
14 14 14 14 14
24 24 24 24 24
- -34 -52 -74 -74

-23 -23 -20 -20 -20
-13 -13 -13 -13 -13
-379 -477 -538 -593 -593
-415 -547 -623 -700 -700
0 0 0 0 0
-61 -63 -64 -68 -68
-49 -54 -71 -80 -80
-23 -33 -41 -63 -98
30 30 30 30 30
-103 -120 -146 -181 -216
-69 -75 -80 -80 -80

-60 -60 -60 -60 -60
-90 -111 -114 -124 -124
-219 -246 -254 -264 -264
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
-220 -200 -209 -213 -215
90 90 90 90 90
-40 -40 -40 -40 -40
-170 -150 -159 -163 -165
-16 -16 -16 -16 -16
-16 -16 -16 -16 -16
0 0 0 0 0
49 49 49 49 49
320 320 340 340 340
17 17 17 17 17
-201 -183 -183 -183 -194
0 0 0 -29 -123
204 204 204 204 204
0 50 120 170 240
-50 -50 -50 -50 -50
0 -13 -25 -34 -49
-503 -538 -541 -566 -566
0 0 0 0 0
-207 -259 -259 -278 -285
75 75 75 75 75
-380 -416 -442 -469 -490
-50 -50 -50 -50 -50
150 150 150 150 150
-62 -62 -62 -65 -70
36 36 36 36 36
72 72 72 72 72
24 24 24 24 24
-440 -480 -480 -480 -480
-946 -1055 -1005 -1066 -1150

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contents
Table 3.12: High purity ingot, hard billet and alloyed slab upcharges
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
P1020 ingot premium
US midwest premium (¢/lb) (1) 13 8 9 20 22 24 24
European Rotterdam duty unpaid ($/t) (2) 182 78 87 109 138 150 160
European Rotterdam duty paid ($/t) (2) 240 129 147 179 209 226 239
European Germany dlvd DP ($/t) 280 168 187 223 254 273 287
Japan CIF premium ($/t) (3) 248 98 109 126 139 150 160
High Purity
P0404 ingot upcharge over P1020
US midwest (¢/lb) 17 12 13 23 26 28 28
European Rotterdam duty paid ($/t) 90 90 75 70 90 85 83
Japan CIF premium ($/t) 70 67 80 75 73
P0303 ingot upcharge over P1020

US midwest (¢/lb) 21 16 15 26 29 31 30
European Rotterdam ($/t) 175 175 140 140 170 165 160
6082 Hard Billet

6063 billet upcharge over P1020
US midwest (¢/lb) 14 13 11 10 13 12 12
Germany delivered ($/t) 262 182 179 277 266 237 213
6082 billet upcharge over P1020

US midwest (¢/lb) 15 14 12 11 14 13 13
6082 billet upcharge over 6063 billet
US midwest (¢/lb) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Alloyed Slab
Unalloyed slab upcharge over P1020
US midwest (¢/lb) 8 8 8 7 8 8 8
3xxx slab upcharge over P1020

US midwest (¢/lb) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
US midwest (¢/lb) 10 10 10 9 10 10 10
US midwest (¢/lb) 11 11 11 11 12 12 11
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. US MidWest prompt P1020 metal 2. Rotterdam prompt 99.7% good western material 3. Japan 3 months 99.7% good
western CIF metal 4. CRU LME forecast is in dollar terms and converted into Euros and Yen on the basis of the Euro/$ and Yen/$ exchange rates
presented in the latest Industrial and Economic Outlook.
Back to
contents
Table S.22: Quarterly aluminium prices and ingot premiums
16 Q1 16 Q2 16 Q3 16 Q4 17 Q1 17 Q2 17 Q3
LME cash ($/t) 1516 1572 1620 1710 1851 1909 2012
LME 3-month ($/t) 1516 1582 1633 1709 1856 1915 2028
Ingot premiums
US midwest premium (¢/lb) (1) 8.7 7.9 6.5 7.5 9.6 9.2 7.8
European Rotterdam Duty unpaid premium ($/t) (2)
92 77 63 80 87 86 83
European Rotterdam Duty paid premium ($/t) (2)
142 127 114 133 145 144 143
European Germany delivered premium ($/t) 182 166 153 172 185 184 183
Japan cif 3m premium ($/t) (3) 110 116 92 74 95 128 119
Ingot prices
US merchant ingot price (¢/lb) 77 79 80 84 94 96 99
European Rotterdam ingot price (€/kg) (4)
1.50 1.50 1.55 1.68 1.87 1.87 1.83
Japan merchant ingot price (¥/kg) (4) 187 182 175 192 221 227 236
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. US MidWest prompt P1020 metal. 2. Rotterdam prompt 99.7% good western material. 3. Japan 3 months 99.7% good western CIF metal. 4.
made in dollar terms and converted into euro and yen.
17 Q4 18 Q1 18 Q2 18 Q3 18 Q4 Back to
contents
2102 2159 2259 2165 2125
2119 2164 2257 2160 2120
9.5 13.9 21.8 22.5 23.0

91 102 125 100 110
156 168 202 168 177
196 212 246 212 221
95 103 129 132 140
105 112 124 121 119

1.92 1.89 2.07 1.84 1.82
248 245 261 249 249
nths 99.7% good western CIF metal. 4. The CRU LME forecast is
Table 3.13: Quarterly billet upcharges
16 Q1 16 Q2 16 Q3 16 Q4 17 Q1 17 Q2 17 Q3
Ingot premiums
US midwest spot (¢/lb) 8.7 7.9 6.5 7.5 9.6 9.2 7.8
Japan cif ($/t) 110 116 92 74 95 128 119
European Germany delivered ($/t) 182 166 153 172 185 184 183
Billet premium upcharges1

US midwest annual contract (¢/lb) 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 10.5 10.5 10.5
Japan cif ($/t) 155 155 155 155 145 145 145
Billet premiums (upcharge plus ingot premium)

US midwest annual contract (¢/lb) 21.2 20.4 19.0 20.0 20.1 19.7 18.3
Japan cif ($/t) 265 271 247 229 240 273 264
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Billet premiums typically represent 7-8" 6063 with prompt payment terms of 30 days. CIF refers to cost, insurance and freight
17 Q4 18 Q1 18 Q2 18 Q3 18 Q4 Back to
contents
9.5 13.9 21.8 22.5 23.0

95 103 129 132 140
196 212 246 212 221
10.3 11.4 16.1 16.0 15.3

10.5 9.5 9.5 9.8 9.8
145 150 150 150 150
192 186 276 338 309
19.7 25.3 37.9 38.5 38.3

20.0 23.4 31.3 32.3 32.8
240 253 279 282 290
389 398 521 550 530
, insurance and freight

Table 3.14: Quarterly unalloyed slab upcharges
17 Q1 17 Q2 17 Q3 17 Q4 18 Q1 18 Q2 18 Q3
Ingot premiums
Japan cif ($/t) 95 128 119 95 103 129 132
Slab premium upcharges1

US midwest (¢/lb) 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.4
Japan cif ($/t) 145 145 145 145 150 150 150
Slab premiums (upcharge plus ingot premium)

US midwest (¢/lb) 17.2 16.8 15.4 17.1 21.3 29.2 29.9
Japan cif ($/t) 240 273 264 240 253 279 282
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Unalloyed slab premiums typically represent prompt payment terms of 30 days. CIF refers to cost, insurance and freight
18 Q4 Back to
contents
23.0
140
221
7.4
150
130
30.4
290
351
urance and freight

Table 3.15: Quarterly primary foundry alloy upcharges
16 Q1 16 Q2 16 Q3 16 Q4 17 Q1 17 Q2 17 Q3
Ingot premiums
Japan cif ($/t) 110 116 92 74 95 128 119
Primary foundry alloy premium upcharges

US midwest foundry-t (¢/lb) 11.5 11.3 11.1 10.0 8.5 8.5 8.5
US midwest small ingot (¢/lb) 13.5 13.3 13.1 12.0 10.5 10.5 10.5
Japan cif ($/t) 140 140 140 140 130 130 130
Korea cif ($/t) 128 128 128 128 118 118 118
Foundry premiums (upcharge plus ingot premium)(1)

US midwest foundry-t (¢/lb) 20.2 19.1 17.6 17.5 18.1 17.7 16.3
US midwest small ingot (¢/lb) 22.2 21.1 19.6 19.5 20.1 19.7 18.3
Japan cif ($/t) 250 256 232 214 225 258 249
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. PFA premiums typically represent prompt payment terms of 30 days. CIF refers to cost, insurance and freight
17 Q4 18 Q1 18 Q2 18 Q3 18 Q4 Back to
contents
9.5 13.9 21.8 22.5 23.0

95 103 129 132 140
196 212 246 212 221
8.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0

10.5 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8
130 120 120 120 120
118 98 98 98 98
195 173 253 248 239
18.0 21.9 29.8 30.5 31.0

20.0 23.7 31.6 32.3 32.8
225 223 249 252 260
392 385 498 460 460
Table 3.16: Quarterly wire rod upcharges
16 Q1 16 Q2 16 Q3 16 Q4 17 Q1 17 Q2 17 Q3
Ingot premiums
Japan cif ($/t) 110 116 92 74 95 128 119
EC Grade wire rod premium upcharges1

US midwest (¢/lb) 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 12.8 12.8 12.8
EC Grade wire rod premiums (upcharge plus ingot premium)

US midwest (¢/lb) 22.2 21.4 20.0 21.0 22.3 22.0 20.6
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Wire rod premiums typically represent prompt payment terms of 30 days.
17 Q4 18 Q1 18 Q2 18 Q3 18 Q4 Back to
contents
9.5 13.9 21.8 22.5 23.0

95 103 129 132 140
196 212 246 212 221
12.8 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3

164 148 226 288 249
22.2 26.2 34.1 34.8 35.3

360 360 472 500 470
Table 4.1: Typical ingot costs by region, 2017 ($/t)
GCC Africa Canada United States Australasia India

Raw Material Costs 1498 1780 1555 1937 1730 1702
(+) Conversion Costs 25 41 33 31 34 26
(=) Site Operating Costs 1523 1821 1588 1968 1764 1728
(+) Realisation Costs 44 29 77 68 36 45
(=) Business Operating Costs 1567 1849 1664 2037 1800 1772
(+) Other Cash Costs 17 18 18 21 60 56
(=) Corporate Operating Costs 1584 1867 1683 2058 1860 1828
CC less raw material costs 86 88 128 120 130 126
Components of conversion
Alloying 0 0 0 0 0 0
Power 1 2 1 1 1 2
Fuel 0 4 1 1 2 3
Power & Fuel 1 5 2 1 4 4
Metal Treatment 5 8 6 11 7 10
Metal Loss 4 8 5 3 6 6
Consumables, R&M 2 2 2 2 2 2
Total Labour 13 19 18 15 15 4
Metal delivery and marketing cost 37 21 69 44 28 38

Interest on Work in Progress 7 7 8 24 9 6
Capital charge 17 17 17 17 17 17
Full Economic Costs 1601 1884 1699 2074 1877 1845

EC less raw materials costs 103 105 145 137 147 143
Smelters used per region 9 5 10 5 6 7

Total annual production ('000t) 1665 1247 1561 210 1259 1977
Production per smelter used ('000t) 185 249 156 42 210 282
Data: CRU
Europe ex. C&S
SE Asia Russia Russia America
1692 1526 1765 1699
28 19 32 27 Back to
1721 1545 1797 1726 contents
48 159 43 34
1769 1704 1840 1760
18 30 30 23
1787 1734 1870 1783
95 208 105 84
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
3 2 4 2
5 3 5 4
7 4 5 7
6 5 6 6
2 2 2 3
8 3 13 8
41 153 29 24
7 6 14 10
17 17 17 17
1804 1751 1887 1800

111 225 122 100
2 8 10 5
652 1912 697 759
326 239 70 152
Table 4.2: Typical Extrusion billets costs by region, 2017 ($/t)
GCC Africa Canada United States Australasia India

(+) Other Cash Costs 19 0 13 32 55 90
Alloying 29 31 37 42 30 32
Power 1 0 1 2 1 1
Fuel 2 3 4 5 3 3
Power & Fuel 2 3 5 6 4 3
Total Labour 46 23 70 90 75 24


CC over ingot 85 102 122 162 128 110

Data: CRU
Europe ex. C&S
SE Asia Russia Russia America
1759 1591 1783 1558
122 88 139 113 Back to
1881 1678 1922 1671 contents
88 187 66 65
1969 1866 1988 1736
128 21 24 21
2097 1886 2012 1757
337 296 229 199
29 33 37 35
2 1 2 1
16 3 10 2
19 4 12 2
16 13 15 19
11 5 7 3
8 15 9 7
40 18 58 46
63 162 38 30
25 26 28 34
17 17 17 17
2128 1917 2043 1788

368 327 260 230
122 85 122 107
1 3 12 4
121 324 1300 266
121 108 108 67
Table 4.3: Typical unalloyed slab costs by region, 2017 ($/t)
Europe ex.
GCC Africa Canada India Russia Russia
(+) Other Cash Costs 18 6 25 21 28 32
Power 0 1 0 0 1 1
Fuel 0 2 2 2 1 3
Power & Fuel 1 3 2 2 2 5
Total Labour 21 11 44 10 8 38


CC over ingot 27 50 56 40 21 56

Data: CRU
C&S
America
1501
69 Back to
1570 contents
93
1662
16
1678
178
0
0
0
0
23
1
4
42
36
57
17
1703
203
95
2
43
22
Table 4.4: Typical PFA costs by region, 2017 ($/t)
GCC Africa Canada United States Australasia SE Asia

(+) Other Cash Costs 15 0 21 13 36 16
Alloying 151 158 192 220 155 151
Power 0 0 0 1 1 0
Fuel 1 1 1 2 4 2
Power & Fuel 1 1 2 3 5 3
Total Labour 17 7 11 26 12 12


CC over ingot 67 123 117 193 77 66

Data: CRU
Europe ex. C&S
Russia Russia America
1480 1601 1472
194 233 218 Back to
1675 1834 1691 contents
200 87 70
1875 1921 1761
20 22 22
1896 1944 1783
415 343 311
169 194 183

1 0 0
3 3 1
3 3 1
9 12 15
3 3 1
4 3 3
6 18 17
167 38 32
33 49 39
17 17 17
1920 1968 1808

440 367 335
89 117 112
6 11 2
492 574 120
82 52 60
Table 4.1: Typical wire rod costs by region, 2017 ($/t)
Africa Canada United States India SE Asia Russia

(+) Other Cash Costs 0 8 15 62 13 21
Power 1 0 2 4 8 3
Fuel 1 1 4 4 9 3
Power & Fuel 2 1 6 8 17 6
Total Labour 17 15 124 16 53 15


CC over ingot 52 39 161 48 132 44

Data: CRU
Europe ex. C&S
Russia America
1899 1614
95 88 Back to
1995 1701 contents
83 78
2078 1779
32 24
2109 1804
210 190
0 0
3 1
3 1
6 1
16 16
4 1
4 3
66 65
44 30
39 48
17 17
2139 1833
239 219
84 100
4 2
287 92
72 46
Table 4.6: Ocean freight rates and inland costs
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Breakbulk
Norway-Germany (via Hamburg) $/t 11 8 7 8 10 10 11

Russia (St.Petersburg)-The Netherlands (Rotterdam) $/t 19 13 12 15 17 17 19
Russia (Vladivostock)-Japan (Yokohama) $/t 17 12 11 13 15 15 17
Iceland-The Netherlands (Rotterdam) $/t 18 13 11 14 16 16 18
Ocean rates by 20ft container for ingot
South China (Yantian) - US MW (via NOLA) $/t 75 81 56 60 74 78 80

Canada West Coast - Japan $/t 50 37 36 39 52 56 58
Rotterdam- US MW (via NOLA) $/t 34 33 33 37 39 38 38
Russia (St Petersburg)- US MW (via NOLA) $/t 39 44 38 42 44 44 44
GCC to Korea Busan $/t 28 21 20 30 31 30 30
GCC to US MW (via NOLA) $/t 49 48 41 49 61 64 65
GCC to Germany (via Rotterdam) $/t 85 74 57 69 83 87 89
GCC to Italy( FCA Genoa) $/t 70 59 52 63 80 83 85
GCC to Japan (Yokohama) $/t 24 24 25 38 38 38 38
Australia (Portland)-Japan (Yokohama) $/t 54 47 44 49 67 73 75
Canada (Montreal)-Germany (via Rotterdam) $/t 64 44 40 36 56 63 65
India (Nhava Sheva) to US MW (via NOLA) $/t 98 77 70 75 92 97 99
India (Nhava Sheva) to The Netherlands (Rotterdam) $/t 176 122 101 108 132 140 143
India (Nhava Sheva) to southern Europe (Genoa) $/t 162 107 96 102 125 132 135
India (Nhava Sheva) to Japan $/t 19 19 18 28 28 28 28
Malaysia to US MW (via NOLA) $/t 92 71 64 69 85 90 92
Malaysia to Japan $/t 26 23 22 25 38 42 44
Argentina to US MW (via NOLA) $/t 74 69 62 68 71 71 71
Brazil to US MW (via NOLA) $/t 67 63 56 62 65 65 65
South Africa to Japan (Yokohama) $/t 75 68 65 63 64 64 64
South Africa to Germany (via Rotterdam) $/t 83 76 60 63 78 81 82
South Africa to US MW (via NOLA) $/t 67 63 56 62 65 65 65
Additional Shipment Costs at Destination1

USA Gulf Coast to US MW $/t 89 80 78 83 87 89 94
Rotterdam port to Germany $/t 47 40 40 41 44 45 46
Japan port CIF $/t 27 24 27 26 27 26 26
Additional container freight costs - Billet, wirerod, slab
Billet $/t 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Wire rod $/t 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Slab $/t 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Data: CRU Notes: 1. Inclusive of port charges
2021
12
20 Back to
contents
18
19
81
58
39
44
30
66
89
86
38
76
66
100
145
137
28
93
45
72
65
64
83
65
97
48
27
6
16
7
Table 4.7: Cost escalators and Corporate Costs
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Back to
contents
Macro-economic assumptions
US GDP % 0.29% 1.39% 0.95% 1.71% 1.57% 0.88% -0.04% 0.86% 0.86%
Brent Crude oil $/bbl 99 52 44 54 62 62 75 85 91
Corporate Costs
Ingot
GCC $/t 1558 1473 1380 1584 1812 1806 1853 1929 1996
Russia $/t 1737 1522 1374 1734 1989 1941 2020 2105 2160
Canada $/t 1733 1554 1417 1683 1975 1916 1958 2031 2073
India $/t 1840 1683 1535 1828 2095 2024 2034 2114 2163
Billet
GCC $/t 1676 1598 1475 1719 2021 1948 1998 2067 2130
Russia $/t 2014 1685 1545 1886 2155 2110 2199 2297 2370
Canada $/t 1907 1745 1616 1921 2076 2165 2242 2325 2292
India $/t 1949 1786 1716 1993 2266 2221 2240 2329 2405
PFA
GCC $/t 1681 1587 1482 1703 2013 1942 1988 2051 2111
Russia $/t 2011 1707 1591 1896 2165 2153 2236 2322 2390
Canada $/t 1743 1523 1397 1654 1935 1877 1918 1983 2055
Slab
GCC $/t 1613 1501 1370 1553 1780 1742 1793 1832 1883
Russia $/t 1754 1562 1427 1786 2034 2012 2100 2188 2258
Canada $/t 1758 1557 1429 1687 1887 1842 1885 1954 2018
Wire rod
Russia $/t 1891 1623 1463 1860 2128 2063 2143 2236 2305
Canada $/t 1515 1288 1166 1389 1664 1589 1624 1686 1746
India $/t 1515 1288 1166 1389 1664 1589 1624 1686 1746
Data: CRU
Back to
contents
Table 4.8: Corporate Cost over ingot for billet, slab, PFA and wire rod by
region, ($/t)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
GCC
Ingot P10201 87 81 79 86 102 114 120 128 138
Billet 6063 93 86 85 85 93 99 102 105 109
Slab 1xxx 33 29 24 27 29 30 31 33 35
PFA A356.2 111 71 100 67 69 76 76 74 73
Wire rod Unalloyed
Russia
Ingot P10201 207 178 169 208 228 234 247 263 274
Billet 6063 104 77 78 85 102 110 118 125 134
Slab 1xxx 25 18 17 21 27 36 41 43 47
PFA A356.2 143 99 116 89 101 129 131 122 125
Wire rod Unalloyed 48 35 31 44 60 65 71 78 87
Canada
Ingot P10201 138 121 118 128 141 142 146 152 157
Billet 6063 135 116 113 122 123 138 140 140 134
Slab 1xxx 54 53 51 56 62 67 70 74 79
PFA A356.2 158 130 129 117 96 111 110 102 109
USA
Ingot P10201 134 123 124 120 131 151 165 174 184
Billet 6063 161 152 153 162 168 173 177 180 188
Slab 1xxx 69 63 52 79 83 87 91
PFA A356.2 239 204 186 193 187 206 212 209 229
Iceland
Ingot P10201 100 80 77 88 98 100 104 106 109
Billet 6063
Slab 1xxx 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PFA A356.2 230 161 168 159 167 202 204 204 226
India
Ingot P10201 142 113 107 126 136 137 140 149 151
Billet 6063 132 117 109 110 109 115 117 122 130
Slab 1xxx 45 39 32 40 48 65 66 64 69
PFA A356.2 96 137 129 133
Norway
Ingot P10201
Billet 6063 128 103 97 103 113 120 119 122 127
Slab 1xxx 29 23 19 24 28 30 32 34 37
PFA A356.2 92 63 70 102 90 115 113 110 121
Romania
Ingot P10201 122 110 108 133 137 141 146 149 156
Billet 6063 235 190 175 201 231 248 260 255 272
Slab 1xxx 80 63 60 65 76 80 84 80 86
PFA A356.2
Australia
Ingot P10201 128 108 131 145 144 146 149 154 159
Billet 6063 148 121 126 130 147 153 159 163 172
Slab 1xxx 92 80 72 0 0 0 0 0 0
PFA A356.2 37 24 35 22 26 28 28 26 26
Wire rod Unalloyed
South Africa
Ingot P10201 81 76 73 82 90 90 92 95 98
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Corporate Cost over raw materials cost

Back to
contents
Table 4.9a: Shapes netbacks over ingot for billet, slab, PFA
and wire rod, ($/t)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
GCC to Western Europe
Ingot1,2 179 29 -54 -63 -71 -58 -50 -48 -47
2
Billet 148 136 61 54 138 121 89 62 47
Slab 1xxxx2 84 97 98 90 82 100 79 65 63
PFA2 57 154 58 45 74 66 40 36 29
GCC to USA
Ingot1,3 214 78 -26 -14 -28 -10 6 -9 -25
3
Billet 173 203 181 137 89 155 130 116 113
Slab 1xxx3 120 127 131 128 105 114 108 104 102
PFA 3 199 206 186 166 115 163 138 133 134
GCC to Japan
Ingot1,4 253 145 -3 -10 -9 -8 0 3 -5
Billet4 74 63 60 50 47 53 50 37 39
Slab 1xxxx 4 105 118 119 111 103 127 105 84 82
PFA 4 43 95 40 64 53 65 61 58 60
Russia to Western Europe
Ingot1,2 179 29 -54 -63 -71 -58 -50 -48 -47
Billet 2 148 136 61 54 138 121 89 62 47
Slab 1xxxx 2
84 97 98 90 82 100 79 65 63
PFA2 57 154 58 45 74 66 40 36 29
Wire rod2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Russia to USA
Ingot1,4 214 78 -26 -14 -28 -10 6 -9 -25
4
Billet 173 203 181 137 89 155 130 116 113
Slab 1xxxx4 120 127 131 128 105 114 108 104 102
4
PFA 199 206 186 166 115 163 138 133 134
4
Wire rod 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Russia to Japan
Ingot1,4 179 29 -54 -63 -71 -58 -50 -48 -47
4
Billet 148 136 61 54 138 121 89 62 47
Slab 1xxxx 4
84 97 98 90 82 100 79 65 63
PFA 4
57 154 58 45 74 66 40 36 29
Canada to Western Europe
Ingot1,2 145 17 -79 -17 -18 4 15 20 26
Billet 2
105 105 32 47 144 117 86 62 55
Slab 1xxxx2 63 73 71 66 55 70 46 30 25
PFA 2
9 94 29 70 132 120 97 101 87
Wire rod 2
-9 132 132 110 151 146 123 106 98
Canada to USA
Ingot1,5 207 82 -28 -13 -12 19 35 23 9
5
Billet 135 177 158 104 64 118 95 84 89
Slab 6
104 109 110 105 79 84 76 70 65
5
PFA 117 113 113 71 63 99 75 76 69
5
Wire rod 269 280 250 227 182 194 197 195 190
Canada to Japan
Ingot1,4 173 90 -55 -58 -66 -59 -54 -50 -56
Slab1,4 84 95 92 81 70 90 66 43 37
Norway to Western Europe
Ingot1,7 417 240 129 147 179 209 226 239 250
Billet 7 147 150 75 67 155 130 99 71 52
Slab7 93 110 109 98 89 107 85 70 67
PFA 7
104 200 112 93 148 128 107 107 90
Iceland to Western Europe
Ingot1,2 315 157 50 56 78 107 119 128 135
Billet2 99 116 39 25 109 93 58 29 9
2
PFA 22 148 75 52 92 69 45 43 20
Wire rod 2
104 235 230 90 142 135 113 96 86
France to Western Europe
Ingot2 265 119 16 17 27 54 66 70 72
Slab 2
282 257 176 174 272 260 232 208 195
PFA 3
48 125 43 -14 -20 -36 -71 -82 -122
Wire rod 2
65 214 209 82 115 103 80 60 50
US Producer to USA
Ingot5 264 124 9 41 278 304 329 322 307
Billet 5 109 141 118 65 40 113 84 69 61
Slab 6
89 99 109 92 75 89 80 73 69
PFA5 37 39 55 -5 -11 27 -7 -11 -31
PFA small ingot5 70 72 100 39 16 58 24 18 -2
Wire rod 5 134 165 148 105 74 76 70 60 40
Australia to Japan
Ingot1,4 179 91 -72 -82 -85 -79 -73 -68 -73
Billet 4 18 25 18 4 -7 -3 -10 -24 -29
India to Japan
Ingot1,4 201 115 -28 -45 -38 -26 -18 -17 -19
Billet4 34 31 36 25 30 34 32 17 14
India to USA
Ingot1,3 107 14 -87 -85 -98 -71 -56 -73 -84
3
Billet 133 171 156 111 71 136 112 96 88
Malaysia to Japan
Ingot1,4 227 137 -6 -8 -13 -8 -3 1 -6
4
Billet 55 38 30 12 6 21 13 -5 -9
4
PFA 152 77 49 73 51 62 56 51 50
Sth. Africa to Japan
Ingot1,4 199 65 -38 -28 -25 8 26 16 4
US Remelter to US Midwest
Billet5 82 120 104 46 19 94 66 48 44
European Remelter to Germany
Billet 46 58 2 -18 55 37 0 -34 -53
Romania to Germany
Wire rod 38 186 178 53 81 70 44 33 21
Vlissingen (LME) to US Midwest
Ingot1,3 -62 -36 -45 -33 -44 -40 -33 -51 -70
Data: CRU Notes: 1.Based upon Corporate Cost over raw material cost, 2. Delivered Germany via Rotterdam 3. Delivered US
Midwest via NOLA 4. Cif Yokohama 5. Delivered overland to US Midwest 6. Cif Yokahama via Pacific. 7. Delivered Germany via
Hamburg
Chart Title
12
10
Chart Title
12
10
0
Back to
contents
Table 4.10: Shapes gross operating profits, ($/t)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Back to
GCC to Europe contents
Ingot 602 328 285 444 439 555 672 692 669
Billet 697 393 300 410 414 576 652 645 608
Slab 634 394 378 551 535 689 774 806 795
PFA 622 410 310 400 336 506 589 605 576
GCC to USA
Ingot 637 377 314 493 482 603 728 731 691
Billet 756 509 449 542 408 658 750 738 696
Slab 705 472 440 638 600 751 859 885 855
PFA 799 511 468 571 419 652 744 742 703
GCC to Japan
Ingot 676 444 337 497 501 605 723 743 711
Billet 697 436 351 460 386 558 664 671 642
Slab 730 531 450 625 617 766 851 876 855
PFA 681 467 345 473 376 556 661 679 649
Russia to Europe
Ingot 459 307 297 307 281 429 506 504 490
Billet 422 365 271 293 345 478 515 477 432
Slab 559 394 365 371 347 489 537 519 490
PFA 352 345 237 256 247 358 403 395 359
Wire rod 342 374 372 219 212 371 421 394 361
Russia to USA
Ingot 437 299 284 308 273 428 514 497 464
Billet 426 423 378 377 289 510 564 523 472
Slab 573 415 385 411 362 501 574 551 503
PFA 472 389 352 378 280 454 510 485 438
Wire rod 584 498 461 433 346 532 621 598 551
Russia to Japan
Ingot 474 374 319 331 299 432 508 506 482
Billet 364 359 292 313 273 413 478 454 416
Slab 596 482 408 416 386 519 565 540 500
PFA 353 354 242 299 244 360 427 420 382
Canada to Europe
Ingot 418 244 226 397 325 481 598 611 610
Billet 484 274 172 327 490 486 540 519 580
Slab 509 368 336 516 530 691 787 792 769
PFA 575 499 403 612 593 750 845 863 824
Wire rod 673 678 641 840 831 1,001 1,106 1,116 1,094
Canada to USA
Ingot 480 310 277 401 330 496 619 614 594
Billet 577 413 350 389 416 505 571 545 599
Slab 614 470 427 559 560 721 839 836 794
PFA 747 585 540 618 530 746 844 842 791
Wire rod 1,015 892 811 961 869 1,066 1,201 1,210 1,171
Canada to Japan
Ingot 446 317 250 356 276 417 529 541 529
Slab 558 462 381 490 497 647 739 734 699
Norway to Germany
Billet 476 354 235 328 329 460 526 505 462
Slab 474 356 334 400 210 393 471 457 426
PFA 560 498 386 443 348 494 581 586 545
Wire rod 401 390 322 298 252 441 527 527 495
Iceland to Germany
Ingot 507 281 273 332 349 486 598 619 606
Billet 523 270 150 223 152 413 520 528 501
PFA 542 429 348 389 455 552 632 646 604
Rod 623 0 0 0 0 0 0 748 730
France to Germany
PFA 668 420 335 284 78 220 272 263 191
Rod 118 146 209 132 -112 -14 53 16 -48
US Domestic
Ingot 130 -56 -76 73 250 405 524 518 464
Billet 308 137 108 173 333 591 698 682 606
PFA T-Bar 303 115 140 205 377 588 686 684 601
PFA ingot 336 148 185 249 403 619 716 713 630
Rod 359 120 104 270 365 565 684 662 588
Australia to Japan
Ingot 353 257 110 204 97 263 369 365 310
Billet 311 251 120 266 152 313 415 412 369
India to Japan
Ingot 369 207 149 222 180 337 483 488 469
Billet 426 251 114 191 148 289 426 412 371
India to US
Ingot 275 105 90 181 120 292 445 432 403
Billet 432 290 175 237 130 346 467 435 380
Malaysia to Japan
Ingot 328 232 169 274 269 427 539 543 497
Billet 184 105 14 90 141 327 423 405 346
PFA 294 287 219 347 320 489 595 594 546
South Africa to US
Ingot 322 130 228 188 51 307 452 468 443
Romania to Germany
Rod -117 -19 -23 19 -67 33 35 39 -19
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. Corporate Cost over raw materials cost

Table S.1: Consumption of aluminium semis by product form ('000 t)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Asia 12156 12343 13384 15001 17142 19229 21232 24468 27671
of which China 4217 4661 5237 6275 7712 9250 10565 13325 16301
Rolled products 854 991 1207 1485 1770 2017 2227 2722 3466
Extrusions 1623 1718 1830 2115 2855 3666 4229 5793 7775
Castings 830 964 1169 1421 1707 1970 2351 2871 2968
Wire and cable 842 909 941 1147 1231 1420 1547 1689 1822
Forgings 17 19 21 25 29 34 39 47 52
Other 51 59 69 82 119 143 171 203 217
of which Japan 3730 3533 3598 3706 3904 3949 4059 4039 3844
Rolled products 1160 1102 1113 1155 1248 1215 1225 1209 1178
Extrusions 1105 1014 985 1010 1039 1019 1031 980 895
Castings 1204 1131 1217 1263 1338 1433 1513 1552 1473
Wire and cable 53 38 31 30 25 28 27 31 34
Forgings 28 29 32 38 44 43 45 42 42
Other 180 218 220 212 211 210 218 225 223
of which South Korea 899 889 987 1029 1156 1199 1258 1304 1333
Rolled products 320 307 330 348 421 420 422 404 442
Extrusions 173 172 207 216 225 233 254 263 252
Castings 275 280 310 320 359 391 424 476 480
Wire and cable 35 30 35 35 36 36 37 37 33
Forgings 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 13
Other 90 92 97 99 105 107 110 113 114
of which Taiwan 672 530 637 715 772 753 812 779 771
Rolled products 137 129 151 163 179 173 192 176 171
Extrusions 255 195 196 217 228 215 214 196 199
Castings 224 144 219 261 286 283 322 320 315
Wire and cable 15 18 24 24 26 28 28 28 28
Forgings 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 24 23
Other 28 29 31 32 33 33 34 35 35
of which Thailand 225 258 287 329 362 405 434 461 493
Rolled products 74 84 96 109 109 125 126 129 139
Extrusions 59 65 71 79 87 99 111 126 137
Castings 44 51 56 72 92 110 120 130 140
Wire and cable 44 52 57 60 63 60 66 65 66
Forgings 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 4 4
Other 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 7 8
of which Indonesia 164 170 161 172 203 219 225 252 282
Rolled products 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Extrusions 59 62 50 65 80 86 87 91 100
Castings 22 23 29 33 41 45 28 38 53
Wire and cable 76 77 75 65 72 77 98 112 117
Forgings 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3
Other 3 3 2 4 5 5 5 6 6
of which India 738 753 823 998 1068 1252 1469 1670 1742
Rolled products 171 192 194 206 194 237 281 311 282
Extrusions 124 123 126 140 150 182 201 219 242
Castings 106 105 159 207 245 295 350 410 420
Wire and cable 292 289 297 395 424 476 568 654 720
Forgings 6 6 8 11 12 13 14 15 16
Other 39 39 39 40 43 49 55 60 62
of which Middle East 846 856 933 1047 1190 1327 1449 1639 1815
Rolled products 278 272 287 330 378 444 513 601 659
Extrusions 297 332 362 398 439 457 498 540 591
Castings 138 149 173 205 255 300 299 323 370
Wire and cable 115 84 91 93 95 101 112 143 159
Forgings 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 23 26
Other 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 10
of which Other Asia 665 691 720 729 776 876 960 999 1089
Rolled products 267 269 282 304 303 335 363 352 443
Extrusions 172 172 180 181 208 233 260 280 262
Castings 106 126 134 131 140 168 171 180 192
Wire and cable 106 110 111 101 111 126 150 169 177
Forgings 5 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 6
Other 8 9 8 7 8 8 10 11 10
Australasia 510 484 503 538 549 524 529 543 528
Rolled products 132 125 135 138 141 144 147 146 143
Extrusions 149 152 163 166 167 169 171 174 176
Castings 144 131 126 142 146 130 132 139 132
Wire and cable 48 43 46 55 56 49 47 49 43
Forgings 6 5 5 6 6 5 5 6 5
Other 31 29 27 31 32 28 28 30 28
Africa 471 500 524 546 590 641 712 769 840
Rolled products 153 170 177 185 207 221 237 260 301
Extrusions 146 151 166 176 188 210 243 271 289
Castings 54 57 58 59 61 66 77 75 75
Wire and cable 101 103 106 108 118 125 133 140 148
Forgings 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 9 10
Other 11 12 12 11 11 12 14 15 17
Western Europe 8550 8711 8966 9168 9638 9627 10295 10623 9819
Rolled products 3403 3564 3672 3749 3865 3832 4120 4187 3950
Extrusions 2511 2487 2560 2637 2872 2897 3084 3260 2890
Castings 2117 2154 2225 2254 2319 2346 2502 2531 2347
Wire and cable 376 363 378 397 442 416 454 498 495
Forgings 71 70 66 70 72 73 76 79 76
Other 72 73 65 61 69 64 59 68 62
of which Germany 2624 2543 2594 2747 2916 2943 3328 3372 3200
Rolled products 1053 1048 1095 1143 1207 1227 1408 1420 1316
Extrusions 784 704 689 746 808 819 941 987 945
Castings 646 652 661 677 705 727 803 828 789
Wire and cable 80 76 94 127 140 113 117 72 91
Forgings 26 27 22 22 23 24 25 27 26
Other 35 35 34 32 32 33 34 38 34
Eastern Europe 1402 1426 1523 1629 1864 2043 2289 2603 2715
Rolled products 407 394 446 493 585 650 713 804 828
Extrusions 227 242 254 256 266 281 333 380 431
Castings 520 530 552 602 687 756 855 973 1035
Wire and cable 150 159 167 172 217 243 271 322 302
Forgings 19 22 23 23 24 26 28 34 35
Other 78 80 81 83 85 86 88 90 85
of which Russia 0 695 713 731 773 826 924 1029 1077
Rolled products 0 164 196 213 256 269 290 324 358
Extrusions 0 153 144 119 97 96 122 137 155
Castings 0 210 222 232 249 273 301 325 335
Wire and cable 0 111 94 111 117 133 152 183 167
Forgings 0 8 8 8 5 8 10 13 13
Other 0 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
Central & S. America 1069 1149 1097 1093 1219 1337 1485 1633 1771
Rolled products 509 555 516 519 558 583 611 667 720
Extrusions 291 292 273 276 301 317 384 444 484
Castings 122 130 135 152 191 211 227 246 264
Wire and cable 79 101 107 79 95 127 157 160 184
Forgings 11 11 11 10 12 13 15 16 20
Other 56 60 56 58 63 86 90 99 98
of which Brazil 681 760 752 709 789 867 940 1035 1166
Rolled products 347 392 374 369 404 416 423 481 522
Extrusions 138 138 126 119 129 128 179 210 242
Castings 92 94 99 108 136 149 158 168 199
Wire and cable 45 73 92 51 54 85 87 75 101
Forgings 9 10 10 9 10 11 13 14 17
Other 50 54 51 53 56 78 81 88 87
North America 11436 10364 10715 11099 11839 11906 12054 11215 10004
Rolled products 5183 4631 4738 4787 5203 5302 5313 4953 4601
Extrusions 2382 2245 2244 2324 2514 2617 2745 2423 2220
Castings 3322 2959 3192 3437 3514 3352 3314 3201 2641
Wire and cable 386 378 386 388 424 447 488 454 395
Forgings 108 97 103 109 127 135 139 125 95
Other 55 54 51 53 56 54 54 59 51
of which USA 9879 8870 9138 9271 9946 9957 10053 9322 8198
Rolled products 4790 4269 4349 4401 4807 4833 4832 4480 4172
Extrusions 1850 1735 1725 1758 1905 1968 2059 1801 1585
Castings 2799 2444 2630 2673 2742 2646 2629 2534 2023
Wire and cable 279 272 279 277 309 320 342 323 274
Forgings 108 97 103 109 127 135 139 124 94
Other 55 54 51 53 56 54 54 59 51
World 35594 34976 36712 39075 42841 45307 48596 51854 53349
Rolled products 13052 12788 13346 13974 15164 15702 16495 16926 17326
Extrusions 9572 9423 9667 10258 11620 12682 13846 15439 16943
Castings 9228 8934 9753 10559 11382 11855 12684 13465 12904
Wire and cable 2718 2754 2851 3149 3434 3758 4184 4551 4724
Forgings 312 310 326 352 390 410 435 444 427
Other 712 767 769 785 851 900 952 1030 1025
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
28430 34078 37804 41658 45150 48321 50457 54003 57016 59498 62062
18465 22068 25102 28349 31792 34424 36142 39107 41558 43485 45330
3844 4402 5412 6033 6821 7591 8042 8680 9395 9870 10366
8645 10304 11478 12936 14593 15532 16320 17683 18707 19574 20534
3420 4399 4926 5694 6323 7003 7341 8138 8553 8975 9257
2249 2610 2891 3256 3579 3795 3923 4072 4353 4495 4577
58 67 77 84 92 100 106 113 120 130 137
249 286 318 346 384 403 409 420 431 441 459
2901 3515 3432 3535 3514 3593 3498 3582 3707 3677 3746
944 1100 1071 1035 1029 1079 1094 1138 1166 1159 1185
679 790 818 836 834 840 779 795 815 838 855
1026 1336 1273 1400 1382 1403 1361 1382 1450 1399 1416
48 36 24 24 25 26 27 28 32 33 34
32 42 42 38 36 39 41 42 46 46 47
173 211 204 202 207 207 196 198 198 202 209
1224 1469 1545 1555 1611 1677 1722 1719 1718 1724 1792
432 530 541 530 561 572 598 607 592 604 626
224 271 290 290 297 301 310 314 330 333 344
411 495 533 540 561 613 624 602 596 583 612
30 31 32 43 39 39 39 41 42 43 44
13 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17
114 127 134 136 137 137 136 139 142 145 149
651 742 763 772 838 850 844 860 889 905 933
142 174 170 178 187 186 190 208 212 216 223
168 203 213 211 213 219 217 215 217 219 227
260 272 283 286 341 341 336 334 353 360 369
27 28 30 30 30 32 31 32 33 34 35
21 24 26 26 26 27 27 27 28 29 30
32 40 42 42 42 45 44 44 46 47 49
444 554 575 685 702 684 701 728 739 779 817
148 159 168 216 226 237 243 246 252 262 272
132 145 150 151 155 165 171 188 191 201 212
102 166 181 233 234 199 203 209 209 226 241
53 72 66 73 74 71 71 72 74 76 79
3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9
265 314 354 383 415 434 451 476 512 547 588
4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
112 121 142 151 160 170 181 191 204 216 231
46 65 77 86 97 105 101 107 119 128 141
93 112 116 127 137 136 146 154 164 176 190
3 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7
7 8 10 10 11 12 12 13 13 14 15
1847 2266 2544 2675 2572 2644 2870 3075 3209 3450 3692
267 347 423 424 417 427 464 477 495 523 559
266 295 326 339 347 364 384 408 423 461 493
490 690 780 870 815 850 931 1017 1054 1144 1231
734 832 905 928 875 878 959 1034 1091 1169 1249
18 22 24 24 24 24 25 27 29 31 34
73 80 86 90 94 100 107 111 117 121 125
1645 1964 2171 2249 2104 2343 2492 2605 2738 2867 2977
613 718 794 827 584 639 694 709 733 795 836
491 608 669 722 792 871 921 958 1014 1058 1099
351 438 457 439 445 498 538 593 646 661 679
159 162 170 184 206 249 249 253 252 256 264
22 28 30 25 24 30 31 32 33 34 36
9 10 51 53 54 56 58 60 61 62 64
989 1186 1316 1456 1603 1674 1737 1851 1947 2065 2187
380 457 524 589 673 688 686 726 772 829 881
246 305 347 397 435 465 500 537 567 598 631
191 224 236 251 267 280 298 323 329 347 373
154 179 189 198 206 217 229 240 252 263 274
7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10
11 13 13 13 14 14 15 16 16 17 18
448 511 517 524 528 522 522 517 469 459 456
125 129 132 134 135 133 133 131 130 129 130
133 172 172 182 188 194 189 185 187 184 176
117 133 135 129 125 112 116 115 66 56 57
41 44 44 45 45 47 47 48 49 50 51
5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
26 29 29 29 30 31 31 32 32 33 35
783 880 964 1045 1130 1199 1276 1326 1448 1576 1716
268 327 375 419 477 494 499 486 502 543 595
283 297 324 339 356 387 424 467 534 582 631
60 72 81 92 100 112 136 153 168 185 205
150 159 159 166 167 175 183 185 207 225 243
8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 19 20
14 15 16 17 18 18 19 19 20 21 22
7638 9250 9733 9290 9266 9635 9863 10124 10287 10583 10882
3164 3669 3880 3765 3841 3962 4059 4131 4219 4388 4557
2265 2772 2778 2590 2518 2595 2567 2622 2710 2787 2851
1702 2223 2448 2314 2292 2451 2620 2752 2728 2755 2804
394 452 484 482 469 466 461 461 467 488 502
66 75 79 83 85 88 91 92 94 97 98
48 59 64 56 60 74 66 66 67 69 70
2462 3331 3526 3379 3398 3643 3735 3749 3775 3899 4000
1059 1314 1432 1378 1387 1464 1507 1465 1433 1511 1572
744 1032 1072 984 967 1003 979 1008 1038 1068 1093
540 810 844 847 883 994 1066 1096 1119 1126 1135
75 111 108 104 93 99 103 102 105 112 117
20 26 30 31 33 35 37 37 38 39 40
25 38 41 34 36 49 43 41 42 43 44
2123 2628 2935 3073 3179 3185 3142 3260 3520 3699 3865
670 778 852 870 890 886 924 991 1070 1111 1167
318 394 451 489 516 539 529 551 604 621 637
781 1042 1173 1233 1275 1259 1194 1211 1328 1436 1522
263 305 346 368 383 380 372 381 388 396 402
26 32 33 34 36 38 38 39 42 43 45
65 77 80 79 80 82 85 87 89 90 92
756 973 1141 1228 1243 1127 1023 1018 1064 1090 1136
273 321 339 347 349 324 322 339 354 350 368
102 112 149 180 194 179 168 158 158 161 164
198 324 404 436 432 379 303 294 325 347 368
126 157 190 204 208 191 178 177 175 176 178
9 10 10 11 12 13 12 11 13 13 14
49 49 49 49 49 41 40 39 41 42 44
1595 1999 2127 2125 2200 2118 1995 1853 1957 2055 2161
682 818 829 847 904 925 897 883 911 956 1004
439 569 608 624 660 626 575 495 514 537 563
221 283 300 300 298 237 208 175 202 216 230
168 191 259 229 217 213 209 205 213 223 236
17 44 32 31 34 34 31 28 34 36 38
68 94 98 95 89 83 75 66 84 87 90
1053 1374 1480 1463 1530 1443 1321 1220 1311 1383 1458
495 622 639 644 691 706 675 658 684 720 753
228 315 334 341 368 334 286 225 232 245 261
170 210 226 221 231 173 150 126 154 164 175
88 106 167 148 135 129 120 133 139 147 157
15 41 30 28 31 32 28 25 31 33 35
58 81 84 81 75 69 62 53 71 74 76
8019 9183 9831 10563 10840 11378 11853 12112 12692 13187 13437
3948 4314 4418 4553 4608 4832 5104 5247 5577 5846 6000
1739 1988 2105 2281 2355 2517 2621 2658 2814 2942 3005
1854 2372 2705 3073 3218 3401 3499 3569 3581 3649 3664
368 364 429 473 479 420 414 449 505 526 538
71 91 114 130 129 145 149 136 159 168 173
39 54 59 54 51 63 65 53 55 56 58
6540 7401 7897 8413 8565 9003 9376 9548 9960 10329 10468
3557 3885 3951 4035 4049 4242 4452 4566 4824 5050 5135
1263 1448 1542 1637 1676 1801 1884 1909 2038 2130 2157
1365 1677 1937 2207 2304 2446 2524 2550 2494 2517 2530
246 247 294 350 356 305 301 335 389 407 415
70 90 114 130 129 145 149 136 159 168 173
39 54 59 54 51 63 65 53 55 56 58
49036 58527 63911 68279 72293 76358 79107 83194 87390 91056 94579
15630 17926 19594 20424 21356 22656 23630 24666 26032 27238 28408
16142 19234 20871 22537 24417 25785 26688 28268 29829 31153 32489
11030 14208 15587 16938 17773 18863 19506 20681 21383 22121 22800
4931 5578 6145 6625 6931 7145 7361 7655 8122 8453 8716
370 470 503 524 537 578 596 594 645 676 704
934 1111 1212 1231 1279 1331 1327 1331 1379 1414 1463
2020 2021 2022
Back to
64288 66422 68841 contents
46925 48333 50033
10852 11347 11912
21087 21465 22144
9696 10127 10473
4675 4760 4853
144 152 158
471 483 492
3712 3767 3785

1197 1225 1237
858 869 878
1363 1376 1371
34 35 35
46 47 47
214 215 217
1840 1889 1911

642 660 673
353 363 370
627 642 638
46 47 48
18 18 19
154 159 163
962 988 1013

230 235 241
238 247 257
378 385 391
36 37 38
31 32 33
50 52 53
851 883 921

280 289 298
223 235 247
252 261 274
81 84 87
5 5 5
9 10 10
631 678 729

5 5 5
248 266 285
151 164 178
204 219 235
8 8 9
16 16 17
3954 4225 4541

597 637 680
535 572 620
1307 1391 1496
1347 1450 1559
38 41 46
130 134 139
3105 3230 3354
868 903 945
1154 1210 1258
703 721 743
277 289 298
37 39 40
66 68 70
2309 2429 2556

927 973 1020
667 705 743
399 423 450
287 299 310
11 11 12
18 19 20
455 467 478

130 130 130
175 186 196
57 57 56
52 52 53
7 7 7
35 36 37
1871 2022 2187

651 706 758
688 746 812
225 244 269
262 279 298
22 23 24
23 24 26
11039 11190 11425

4635 4715 4804
2920 2980 3038
2799 2798 2884
515 523 526
100 101 103
71 71 72
4084 4145 4206

1598 1615 1629
1128 1156 1182
1152 1166 1185
120 122 123
41 41 42
45 45 45
4000 4107 4214

1220 1250 1294
655 671 685
1580 1634 1679
405 408 412
47 47 47
94 96 96
1160 1183 1199

376 382 386
168 171 172
379 391 401
178 178 178
14 14 14
45 47 48
2263 2349 2426

1050 1085 1119
589 611 631
241 252 265
250 263 272
40 41 42
93 96 98
1526 1583 1635

780 803 827
278 290 302
183 190 199
169 181 186
36 38 38
79 81 83
13712 14095 14439

6112 6316 6550
3058 3142 3213
3760 3844 3871
548 557 565
176 177 177
59 60 61
10608 10901 11158

5205 5371 5543
2187 2244 2293
2558 2621 2648
422 429 435
176 177 177
59 60 61
97628 100653 104011

29394 30476 31666
33447 34268 35377
23537 24318 25040
9018 9303 9589
728 749 768
1504 1539 1571
Table S.2: Consumption of aluminium semis by end-use ('000 t)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Asia 12156 12343 13384 15001 17142 19229 21232 24468 27671
of which China 4217 4661 5237 6275 7712 9250 10565 13325 16301
Transport 572 680 871 1096 1369 1523 1913 2436 2672
Construction 1360 1391 1476 1732 2354 3024 3268 4454 6182
Packaging 168 182 197 215 235 253 289 331 369
Foil stock 308 371 409 510 635 783 940 1330 1763
Electrical 766 860 993 1231 1303 1435 1523 1615 1780
Consumer Durables 169 207 258 320 400 485 571 728 866
Machinery & equipment 431 491 507 587 677 847 1035 1240 1409
Other 443 479 527 583 738 899 1025 1192 1261
of which Japan 3730 3533 3598 3706 3904 3949 4059 4039 3844
Transport 1304 1265 1381 1451 1554 1662 1740 1780 1698
Construction 803 749 705 703 705 671 679 623 560
Packaging 432 449 451 437 464 455 434 450 435
Foil stock 170 150 160 158 158 152 154 154 145
Electrical 198 152 141 147 148 146 159 159 157
Other 442 425 425 449 480 482 480 480 479
of which South Korea 899 889 987 1029 1156 1199 1258 1304 1333
Transport 232 234 255 269 308 334 356 404 428
Construction 146 146 156 165 184 180 196 193 190
Packaging 35 37 40 41 39 43 51 55 63
Foil stock 121 117 133 136 157 158 153 152 141
Electrical 95 90 98 98 114 124 126 124 116
Other 124 120 129 129 138 142 146 155 160
of which Taiwan 672 530 637 715 772 753 812 779 771
Transport 125 86 122 143 156 154 172 171 169
Construction 200 156 160 172 182 170 173 159 162
Packaging 57 51 46 48 50 50 49 49 47
Foil stock 6 10 12 13 14 26 26 24 22
Electrical 97 79 114 133 146 139 155 147 144
Other 55 49 54 59 62 61 66 64 63
of which Thailand 191 193 220 237 275 308 328 352 375
Transport 56 63 64 78 91 108 114 123 132
Construction 49 54 60 67 73 83 93 104 113
Packaging 23 24 20 21 16 18 15 16 16
Foil stock 0 -25 -7 -21 -5 -5 -6 -6 -6
Electrical 44 52 57 60 63 60 66 65 66
Other 6 7 7 9 10 11 12 12 13
of which Indonesia 189 194 183 190 225 240 251 280 309
Transport 25 26 29 35 43 47 33 42 55
Construction 47 50 40 52 64 69 70 73 80
Packaging 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Foil stock 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Electrical 74 76 74 62 69 74 95 109 113
Other 30 29 26 24 28 28 33 35 35
of which India 738 753 823 998 1068 1252 1469 1670 1742
Transport 78 81 103 121 151 191 238 283 284
Construction 82 83 85 95 99 124 140 153 166
Packaging 10 10 10 10 9 12 15 18 16
Foil stock 64 73 75 79 78 77 78 81 79
Electrical 316 314 325 427 459 519 618 710 773
Other 55 56 56 59 62 73 85 93 95
of which Middle East 846 856 933 1047 1190 1327 1449 1639 1815
Transport 139 143 163 193 243 281 288 322 369
Construction 320 340 369 416 467 504 548 602 657
Packaging 96 95 94 97 108 120 157 193 211
Foil stock 31 37 47 56 65 78 94 100 109
Electrical 129 97 105 110 114 123 136 171 190
Other 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 25 27
of which Other Asia 674 733 766 803 840 953 1040 1080 1180
Transport 112 129 143 142 156 183 193 199 212
Construction 195 197 211 221 238 267 295 299 314
Packaging 77 74 78 89 99 108 118 134 166
Foil stock 64 94 78 90 82 94 103 105 105
Electrical 120 123 126 118 126 143 166 183 196
Other -7 -5 -2 3 0 2 -1 -2 2
Australasia 510 484 503 538 549 524 529 543 528
Transport 149 136 137 151 155 142 144 150 145
Construction 133 133 144 148 149 151 152 155 157
Packaging 68 68 69 69 70 69 72 73 75
Foil stock 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 2
Electrical 50 44 48 57 58 51 49 51 45
Other 38 34 34 38 39 36 36 38 36
Africa 471 500 524 546 590 641 712 769 840
Transport 64 68 70 72 76 83 95 96 99
Construction 182 194 208 220 240 262 299 334 369
Packaging 20 21 22 24 27 33 35 37 43
Foil stock 18 20 22 23 23 21 20 17 17
Electrical 106 109 111 114 125 132 141 149 158
Other 13 14 14 13 13 14 16 18 21
Western Europe 8550 8711 8966 9168 9638 9627 10295 10623 9819
Transport 2463 2757 2851 2943 3074 3101 3315 3391 3153
Construction 1953 1850 1909 1969 2104 2115 2254 2361 2096
Packaging 599 553 566 558 576 608 662 693 703
Foil stock 899 957 982 993 1012 918 915 904 850
Electrical 709 713 730 757 818 799 880 933 894
Other 461 356 358 347 382 400 454 459 393
of which Germany 2624 2543 2594 2747 2916 2943 3328 3372 3200
Transport 493 427 421 449 474 474 543 561 523
Construction 872 927 945 993 1049 1089 1236 1258 1179
Packaging 139 150 149 141 154 165 197 225 233
Foil stock 349 356 381 396 412 367 373 372 374
Electrical 169 161 175 216 236 215 238 193 199
Other 167 100 101 102 107 133 177 174 132
Eastern Europe 1402 1426 1523 1629 1864 2043 2289 2603 2715
Transport 447 480 503 557 647 710 803 907 949
Construction 221 197 204 202 209 230 254 287 311
Packaging 110 121 135 147 169 175 203 237 263
Foil stock 102 90 105 114 134 147 162 169 166
Electrical 215 219 233 246 300 336 376 442 434
Other 106 113 118 126 133 145 148 157 165
of which Russia 0 695 713 731 773 826 924 1029 1077
Transport 0 165 172 180 197 215 246 266 282
Construction 0 123 118 101 86 89 97 108 118
Packaging 0 53 62 64 72 73 84 100 115
Foil stock 0 44 52 57 68 71 77 71 71
Electrical 0 144 130 148 158 176 201 238 226
Other 0 61 63 65 65 67 72 77 85
Central & S. America 1069 1149 1097 1093 1219 1337 1485 1632 1771
Transport 177 186 188 198 245 271 302 326 356
Construction 243 247 226 222 241 259 294 343 375
Packaging 217 257 223 218 226 242 258 294 323
Foil stock 116 121 133 142 157 159 156 159 153
Electrical 101 120 123 95 110 141 173 175 204
Other 84 82 77 82 86 108 119 131 133
of which Brazil 681 760 752 709 789 867 940 1035 1166
Transport 140 144 150 154 188 202 225 240 274
Construction 112 114 99 87 96 100 120 148 171
Packaging 147 189 171 167 173 176 182 213 231
Foil stock 73 73 85 90 102 106 103 107 107
Electrical 65 90 106 65 68 98 101 89 118
Other 65 67 60 63 66 88 96 106 111
North America 11435 10364 10712 11099 11839 11906 12054 11215 10003
Transport 4087 3401 3656 3960 4303 4348 4356 3983 3225
Construction 1791 1761 1831 1870 1988 1999 2017 1778 1563
Packaging 2098 1978 2002 1986 2040 2045 2045 1941 1968
Foil stock 714 681 654 674 748 763 783 770 687
Electrical 845 744 730 712 774 817 865 841 785
Other 321 378 392 388 376 346 344 377 354
of which USA 9879 8870 9138 9271 9946 9957 10053 9322 8198
Transport 3542 2953 3155 3296 3589 3655 3662 3339 2639
Construction 1425 1416 1478 1490 1587 1575 1572 1373 1156
Packaging 1920 1816 1843 1812 1866 1854 1853 1737 1758
Foil stock 691 659 620 643 722 714 742 729 678
Electrical 699 602 593 570 628 653 677 668 618
Other 290 245 259 258 265 241 238 261 243
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
28430 34078 37804 41658 45150 48321 50457 54003 57016 59498 62062
18465 22068 25102 28349 31792 34424 36142 39107 41558 43485 45330
3037 4059 4284 4528 5119 5663 5923 6707 7250 7704 8168
6909 8116 9112 10395 11461 12101 12570 13252 13511 13997 14751
414 479 590 658 750 853 944 1013 1101 1193 1288
1840 2016 2469 2747 3281 3681 3891 4194 4572 4731 4927
2119 2331 2479 2800 3279 3595 3743 4307 4830 4853 4646
962 1200 1436 1624 1780 1981 2072 2234 2376 2585 2707
1722 2192 2779 3486 3828 4108 4426 4765 5248 5709 6021
1462 1677 1954 2111 2294 2442 2573 2635 2670 2713 2821
2901 3515 3432 3535 3514 3593 3498 3582 3707 3677 3746
1159 1542 1451 1635 1616 1652 1623 1677 1757 1706 1747
467 495 539 559 557 551 496 497 504 513 521
430 430 434 427 429 436 449 455 446 438 441
113 137 134 109 116 126 124 123 123 124 125
147 159 144 132 126 131 129 129 140 142 144
53 71 53 49 38 37 36 37 39 39 39
192 244 241 209 201 201 197 200 209 216 218
340 437 435 416 431 459 442 463 488 498 511
1224 1469 1545 1555 1611 1677 1722 1719 1718 1724 1792
387 482 519 525 543 588 602 578 566 547 577
177 207 209 209 213 217 230 240 248 250 259
75 84 94 102 111 116 124 128 127 130 132
135 146 148 142 136 127 124 118 114 120 123
110 139 165 154 165 172 177 179 180 184 191
54 65 56 54 61 64 65 66 66 67 70
118 156 162 169 180 189 195 203 206 211 218
168 189 193 200 202 204 206 207 211 215 223
651 742 763 772 838 850 844 860 889 905 933
141 150 156 158 183 185 182 178 193 196 199
137 169 176 176 179 181 181 182 182 184 190
44 49 49 49 51 51 51 53 53 54 55
19 19 19 19 19 19 18 18 19 19 20
121 136 138 140 155 157 157 164 169 173 179
50 59 59 61 68 69 69 73 75 77 79
84 93 95 96 108 110 108 111 114 117 121
55 67 70 72 76 79 78 81 83 85 89
310 408 432 498 496 471 478 502 507 551 582
99 150 171 215 213 190 192 196 198 215 230
108 120 120 121 121 128 133 149 151 160 169
12 12 18 21 16 18 18 18 19 21 22
-6 -6 -6 -7 -7 -7 -10 -9 -12 0 0
53 72 66 73 74 71 71 72 74 76 79
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
33 47 50 61 62 55 59 60 61 63 65
11 13 13 14 17 15 16 16 16 17 17
291 341 382 410 442 460 477 503 538 544 585
51 67 80 89 101 110 106 113 126 136 150
90 97 114 121 128 136 145 153 163 172 181
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
89 107 111 121 131 130 139 148 157 169 182
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
25 31 36 38 40 42 44 46 49 52 57
35 37 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 14 15
1847 2266 2544 2675 2572 2644 2870 3075 3209 3450 3692
317 403 465 510 475 497 545 617 653 720 787
184 204 230 243 241 254 272 290 299 325 346
18 30 40 42 42 48 53 58 66 72 77
79 95 93 99 138 125 126 109 111 122 129
794 921 1006 1037 980 987 1076 1158 1219 1305 1393
256 372 432 468 432 452 495 524 529 561 595
99 125 148 149 138 145 157 168 173 182 193
101 115 130 127 126 135 145 152 159 164 170
1645 1964 2171 2249 2104 2343 2492 2605 2738 2867 2977
337 423 462 433 407 466 503 570 627 644 663
548 673 749 795 721 797 851 866 931 998 1039
221 258 271 282 272 292 310 308 309 314 325
107 124 132 149 150 161 184 200 181 188 204
185 193 205 219 225 271 275 277 279 287 295
47 54 63 64 37 42 40 45 49 54 56
178 213 219 233 222 241 254 261 282 299 308
24 28 71 74 69 73 76 78 81 84 86
1097 1305 1432 1615 1781 1860 1933 2051 2153 2295 2425
217 260 275 307 339 356 375 406 413 436 467
282 344 398 460 511 533 557 596 619 651 684
164 193 209 243 278 293 305 324 360 395 426
99 107 109 106 108 111 115 110 126 116 120
171 199 215 231 246 258 269 282 295 308 322
58 69 80 98 108 111 111 118 119 125 131
109 129 143 165 176 183 186 196 202 212 222
-1 3 2 7 14 15 16 18 19 51 53
448 511 517 524 528 522 522 517 469 459 456
125 141 144 138 134 120 122 121 70 60 61
119 150 151 158 163 167 163 158 159 156 146
73 77 77 79 83 83 82 81 80 80 80
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0
43 46 46 46 47 48 49 50 50 51 53
5 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 5
51 58 59 61 61 62 62 62 64 65 68
32 35 35 36 36 38 38 39 39 40 42
783 880 964 1045 1130 1199 1276 1326 1448 1576 1716
95 112 126 142 155 177 215 236 254 279 308
348 388 424 450 486 506 537 563 625 673 725
41 47 69 88 104 111 119 129 149 170 189
15 13 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 16 16
159 171 172 180 183 191 199 199 222 241 262
45 56 62 67 76 78 78 73 66 70 76
63 73 78 83 89 99 92 88 94 102 112
17 19 21 22 23 24 24 25 25 26 28
7638 9250 9733 9290 9266 9635 9863 10124 10287 10583 10882
2348 3006 3312 3257 3305 3531 3743 3938 3957 4076 4228
1684 1934 1938 1779 1713 1761 1748 1766 1816 1864 1898
654 725 757 759 778 797 830 846 878 900 941
752 830 798 770 746 744 724 731 740 756 763
671 820 910 848 828 830 850 866 880 915 942
368 502 512 443 450 470 475 474 483 497 505
832 1097 1112 1041 1053 1100 1091 1089 1120 1158 1184
328 335 394 392 393 402 401 414 413 416 423
2462 3331 3526 3379 3398 3643 3735 3749 3775 3899 4000
471 587 612 546 544 552 502 477 482 501 509
817 1194 1284 1302 1340 1507 1610 1659 1682 1724 1780
200 239 248 244 244 249 255 253 257 265 270
328 372 371 354 345 337 332 331 330 342 343
153 224 250 212 201 202 227 238 241 254 264
86 133 142 110 111 126 126 128 126 130 132
304 442 460 450 461 499 481 479 481 502 518
103 139 158 162 154 170 201 183 175 181 184
2123 2628 2935 3073 3179 3185 3142 3260 3520 3699 3865
726 967 1091 1140 1174 1210 1195 1233 1380 1507 1613
240 279 320 345 369 373 377 399 433 444 454
226 241 258 269 272 266 267 272 281 299 310
145 174 178 187 195 200 198 196 211 197 209
352 431 489 516 530 521 504 521 537 550 560
56 72 81 79 80 78 77 85 91 93 95
262 326 362 394 404 390 371 388 413 427 440
117 138 157 145 154 148 154 166 176 180 184
756 973 1141 1228 1243 1127 1023 1018 1064 1090 1136
167 255 314 340 341 303 256 247 280 304 328
81 92 118 136 144 130 129 128 126 130 132
97 110 115 121 114 106 104 104 106 111 113
63 74 71 76 78 82 76 71 86 71 83
161 209 252 272 274 250 228 228 226 228 231
23 31 35 38 39 36 35 37 37 38 38
95 130 157 170 169 151 127 129 129 131 133
68 74 79 75 84 68 69 74 74 76 78
1596 1999 2127 2126 2200 2118 1995 1853 1957 2055 2161
291 396 411 396 416 350 316 271 319 341 364
330 422 444 458 487 478 444 390 397 414 437
339 397 414 449 486 515 510 500 510 527 558
143 152 153 144 145 141 130 135 144 163 166
185 213 279 250 240 235 228 221 229 240 253
124 174 175 170 172 153 146 137 140 145 150
87 110 112 119 119 114 106 97 99 102 105
96 135 139 142 135 132 115 100 119 123 127
1053 1375 1480 1463 1530 1443 1321 1221 1311 1383 1458
225 311 320 305 329 266 231 196 244 260 279
151 209 217 222 244 230 197 154 152 160 174
246 297 316 341 373 401 408 395 402 414 435
105 121 118 111 111 109 99 104 114 131 132
102 126 187 167 157 147 136 144 151 159 170
100 147 150 144 146 126 113 105 107 111 115
48 61 61 67 66 62 49 46 48 49 51
76 103 111 106 104 102 88 76 95 98 101
8019 9183 9831 10560 10836 11378 11853 12112 12692 13187 13437
2242 2882 3341 3816 4010 4420 4829 4910 5209 5484 5590
1285 1378 1361 1477 1513 1604 1643 1696 1758 1833 1892
1915 1917 1891 1871 1848 1856 1910 1935 1942 1951 1956
575 612 605 588 582 579 558 568 559 570 585
689 773 871 940 947 891 895 931 1015 1055 1071
415 519 537 583 611 646 656 699 743 768 776
619 765 865 919 963 1015 1003 1029 1110 1163 1198
280 337 359 365 362 367 359 344 355 364 369
6540 7401 7897 8413 8565 9003 9376 9548 9960 10329 10468
1788 2243 2623 2999 3136 3481 3824 3863 4047 4259 4308
964 1029 1004 1071 1077 1147 1168 1209 1254 1302 1339
1715 1713 1683 1650 1617 1620 1657 1668 1665 1665 1660
567 605 599 581 575 571 550 561 552 562 577
526 605 679 752 756 706 708 739 818 850 862
345 439 453 491 511 541 543 580 616 636 643
442 535 611 625 651 689 689 704 773 811 832
194 232 246 246 242 247 237 223 235 243 247
2020 2021 2022
Back to
64288 66422 68841 contents
46925 48333 50033
8719 9162 9653
14745 14926 15389
1384 1480 1582
5102 5289 5488
4951 5000 5017
2812 2910 3001
6326 6619 6916
2886 2947 2987
3712 3767 3785

1698 1729 1739
526 531 536
443 446 441
124 124 124
145 149 151
39 40 40
219 224 225
517 524 527
1840 1889 1911

592 607 596
266 273 281
134 136 138
123 125 126
197 203 209
73 75 78
226 233 240
229 236 243
962 988 1013

202 203 204
200 208 216
56 56 57
21 21 22
185 191 196
82 85 87
125 129 133
92 94 97
609 635 666

241 250 263
178 188 198
23 24 25
0 0 0
81 84 87
0 0 0
68 70 72
18 18 19
628 675 726

162 177 195
191 201 212
0 0 0
1 1 1
196 210 226
0 0 0
62 68 75
16 16 17
3954 4225 4541

837 893 972
379 405 442
84 90 98
138 147 156
1500 1613 1731
633 673 716
205 218 232
178 185 194
3105 3230 3354

687 708 732
1097 1154 1203
335 344 355
210 217 231
310 324 334
59 62 65
319 329 340
89 92 94
2554 2680 2814

498 528 561
721 759 797
447 468 492
124 128 135
337 351 365
137 143 149
234 245 256
56 59 61
455 467 478

61 61 62
145 156 165
80 79 79
0 0 0
54 54 55
5 5 5
68 68 69
42 43 44
1871 2022 2187

343 372 405
787 848 913
208 229 246
16 17 18
283 304 328
83 90 98
120 131 142
30 33 37
11039 11190 11425

4286 4371 4561
1924 1950 1973
959 971 986
766 768 765
967 983 992
511 515 516
1199 1203 1201
427 430 431
4084 4145 4206

515 521 525
1829 1878 1941
276 278 279
344 343 340
272 275 277
134 135 134
527 526 522
187 188 188
4000 4107 4214

1702 1767 1840
466 477 487
318 325 332
211 212 214
567 574 580
97 98 100
452 462 470
187 190 192
1160 1183 1199

340 353 362
134 137 137
115 118 121
84 85 85
232 233 233
39 39 40
135 137 138
80 82 84
2263 2349 2426

382 399 417
460 480 496
592 618 640
166 162 165
268 282 291
155 160 164
109 112 115
131 135 139
1526 1583 1635

293 305 317
189 201 209
456 472 489
130 127 129
182 194 200
119 122 125
53 54 55
105 108 110
13712 14095 14439

5717 5951 6172
1934 1973 2014
1963 1975 1987
606 630 641
1090 1111 1125
784 794 805
1244 1278 1304
375 383 390
10608 10901 11158

4354 4547 4720
1366 1393 1422
1658 1659 1659
598 621 633
877 895 906
649 657 665
854 873 890
252 257 262
Table S.3: Production of semis-finished aluminium by product form ('000 t)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Asia 46279 50012 52262 55796 59406 62109 64932
of which China 33232 36262 38046 41086 44012 45996 48028
of which rolled products 7636 8582 9170 9938 11022 11500 12145
of which extrusions 15202 16357 17070 18384 19513 20433 21432
of which castings 6323 7003 7341 8138 8553 8975 9257
of which wire and cable 3588 3808 3939 4084 4366 4509 4590
of which forgings 92 100 106 113 120 130 137
of which other 390 411 418 429 439 449 467
of which Japan 3614 3725 3652 3676 3809 3776 3823

of which other 207 207 196 198 198 202 209
of which Turkey 1065 1174 1252 1331 1389 1438 1483

of which other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
of which rest of Middle East 1247 1379 1500 1599 1782 2039 2194
of which other 54 56 58 60 61 62 64
of which India 2557 2656 2822 3018 3150 3380 3652

of which other 94 100 107 111 117 121 125
of which other 137 137 136 139 142 145 149
of which other 75 79 79 81 84 86 90
Australasia 503 456 320 315 267 259 253

of which other 43 43 43 43 43 43 43
Africa 846 897 938 1040 1131 1211 1268

of which other 18 18 19 19 20 21 22
Europe ex. Russia 11173 11538 11666 12105 12433 12827 13167
of which other 53 74 70 72 73 73 73
Russia 1335 1234 1143 1149 1215 1241 1309

of which other 65 60 58 58 60 63 65
of which other 89 83 75 66 84 87 90
North America 10308 10674 10924 11081 11302 11645 11834

of which other 43 47 47 38 40 41 43
of which USA 8553 8855 9070 9161 9328 9619 9768

of which other 43 47 47 38 40 41 43
of which Canada 815 837 860 874 836 852 858

of which Mexico 941 983 995 1047 1137 1174 1208

Back to
2020 2021 2022 CAGR1 contents
67389 69721 72380 5.5%
49781 51368 53275 5.6%
12758 13400 14127 7.1%
22014 22424 23149 4.9%
9696 10127 10473 7.3%
4689 4773 4867 3.8%
144 152 158 8.0%
480 492 501 0.2%
3767 3804 3811 0.6%

1260 1270 1270 -0.3%
843 854 864 2.4%
1363 1376 1371 0.1%
41 42 43 2.8%
46 47 47 0.5%
214 215 217 1.9%
1526 1564 1619 8.5%

409 418 443 14.8%
522 540 555 5.4%
502 508 520 5.6%
75 79 81 6.0%
18 18 19 3.8%
0 0 0 2.6%
2346 2514 2664 8.5%

889 968 1038 14.8%
723 769 809 5.4%
201 213 223 5.6%
448 477 503 6.0%
19 20 21 3.8%
66 68 70 2.6%
3902 4148 4438 7.8%

544 560 577 4.8%
535 572 620 7.4%
1307 1391 1496 8.5%
1347 1450 1559 8.7%
38 41 46 10.2%
130 134 139 4.6%
2172 2248 2266 4.9%

978 1022 1032 6.2%
350 360 367 5.5%
627 642 638 3.8%
46 47 48 3.9%
18 18 19 3.4%
154 159 163 3.2%
3894 4075 4306 4.9%

922 950 1014 6.2%
1084 1164 1243 5.5%
1179 1232 1294 3.8%
560 576 597 3.9%
54 56 58 3.4%
93 97 100 3.2%
252 258 268 -3.3%

0 0 0
90 94 102 -0.1%
57 57 56 -13.7%
55 58 61 4.7%
7 7 7 2.3%
43 43 43 0.0%
1345 1392 1498 8.0%

405 410 423 1.0%
443 456 512 12.5%
225 244 269 12.4%
226 235 245 8.4%
22 23 24 8.4%
23 24 26 4.7%
13344 13521 13754 1.8%

5335 5384 5461 1.6%
3207 3279 3311 1.8%
4000 4041 4162 2.2%
596 610 612 1.3%
133 135 136 1.4%
73 73 71 0.2%
1359 1405 1456 4.5%

492 519 556 5.7%
229 234 237 3.4%
379 391 401 5.1%
178 178 178 2.3%
14 14 14 5.4%
67 69 71 2.0%
2044 2125 2200 4.1%

884 915 947 4.1%
533 551 567 2.4%
241 252 265 5.6%
253 270 281 5.6%
40 41 42 5.2%
93 96 98 6.6%
12051 12409 12671 2.2%

4774 4956 5117 1.8%
2774 2855 2918 2.6%
3760 3844 3871 2.1%
523 532 541 3.6%
176 177 177 5.8%
44 45 46 5.7%
9898 10206 10450 2.0%

4599 4781 4942 1.8%
2148 2204 2252 2.5%
2558 2621 2648 1.5%
372 378 384 4.3%
176 177 177 5.8%
44 45 46 5.7%
866 883 894 2.0%

140 140 140 1.8%
395 405 414 2.5%
235 240 241 1.5%
96 98 99 4.3%
0 0 0 5.8%
0 0 0 5.7%
1287 1321 1327 2.0%

34 35 35 1.8%
231 246 252 2.5%
967 983 982 1.5%
55 56 57 4.3%
0 0 0 5.8%
0 0 0 5.7%
32004
Table S.4: Shapes production by smelter, 2015-2022 ('000 tonnes)
2015 2015 2015 2015 2015
Smelter Country Ingot Liquid Billet Slab CC strip
Africa
Edea Cameroon 62 0 0 29 0
Nag Hammadi Egypt 99 0 69 84 0
Valco Ghana 2 0 0 28 0
Mozal Mozambique 539 17 0 0 0
Ikot Abasi Nigeria 0 0 0 0 0
Bayside South Africa 0 0 0 0 0
Hillside South Africa 588 104 0 0 0
Total Africa 1291 120 69 141 0
Asia ex. China

Middle East Country
Dubal UAE 284 0 515 0 0
EMAL UAE 434 0 462 207 0
Alba Bahrain 65 302 373 121 0
Arak Iran 123 0 23 0 0
Bandar Abbas Iran 80 0 0 0 0
Hormozal Iran 94 0 0 0 0
Jajarm Iran 0 0 0 0 0
Salco Iran 0 0 0 0 0
Kalco Iran 0 0 0 0 0
Sohar Oman 293 83 0 0 0
Qatalum Qatar 58 0 358 0 0
Ma'aden Saudi Arabia 576 0 134 128 0
Seydisehir Turkey 4 0 32 9 0
Total Middle East 2011 385 1898 465 0
India
Aditya India 191 0 0 0 0
Angul India 237 0 19 0 42
Hirakud India 53 2 13 58 56
Jharsuguda India 334 7 115 0 0
Korba India 99 0 0 0 32
Mahan India 289 0 0 0 0
Renukoot India 156 0 28 96 35
Total India 1358 9 175 154 166
Other Asia
Ganja Azerbaijan 31 0 0 0 38
Asahan Indonesia 249 0 0 0 0
Kambara Japan 0 0 0 0 0
Pavlodar Kazakhstan 221 0 0 0 0
Mukah Malaysia 0 0 109 0 0
Samalaju Malaysia 186 14 0 0 0
North Korea Smelter North Korea 20 0 0 0 0
Tursunzade Tajikistan 106 0 14 18 0
Dak Nong Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0
Total Other Asia 813 14 123 18 38
Total Asia ex. China 5473 528 2265 779 204
Australasia
Bell Bay Australia 36 18 0 36 0
Boyne Island I Australia 191 38 85 0 0
Boyne Island II Australia 147 32 88 0 0
Point Henry Australia 0 0 0 0 0
Portland Australia 314 0 0 0 0
Tomago Australia 421 39 87 20 0
Tiwai Point New Zealand 233 0 74 17 0
Total Australasia 1342 127 334 73 0
Central & South America

Puerto Madryn Argentina 171 4 142 7 0
Aluminio Brazil 62 0 83 28 86
Belem Brazil 387 48 0 0 0
Ouro Preto Brazil 0 0 0 0 0
Pocos de Caldas Brazil 0 0 0 0 0
Sao Luis Brazil 35 0 0 0 0
Alcasa Venezuela 19 0 6 5 0
Venalum Venezuela 63 9 19 0 0
Total Central & South America 736 61 249 39 86
Eastern Europe ex. Russia

Slatina Romania 3 0 52 133 0
Ziar nad Hronom Slovakia 0 0 120 0 0
Total Eastern Europe ex. Russia 3 0 172 133 0
Russia
Bratsk Russia 769 0 0 147 0
Boguchansky Russia 21 0 0 0 0
Irkutsk Russia 127 0 0 0 0
Kandalaksha Russia 33 0 6 0 0
Khakas Russia 254 0 0 0 0
Krasnoyarsk Russia 616 66 0 234 0
Nadvoitsy Russia 4 0 0 0 0
Novokuznetsk Russia 85 0 88 0 0
Volgograd Russia 0 0 10 10 0
Sayansk Russia 113 0 203 154 0
Total Russia 2020 66 307 544 0
Total Eastern Europe 2023 66 478 677 0
Western Europe
Mostar Bosnia 4 0 77 32 0
Dunkirk France 3 0 0 234 0
St Jean France 5 9 0 30 0
Essen Germany 6 4 100 110 0
Hamburg Germany 0 131 0 0 0
Neuss Germany 1 39 0 205 0
Voerde Germany 10 80 0 0 0
Distomon Greece 2 0 119 57 0
Fjardaal Iceland 249 0 0 0 0
Grundartangi Iceland 279 0 0 0 0
ISAL Iceland 0 0 212 0 0
Podgorica Montenegro 42 0 0 0 0
Delfzijl Netherlands 0 0 50 0 0
Ardal Norway 0 0 0 212 0
Hoyanger Norway 0 0 0 94 0
Husnes Norway 0 0 97 0 0
Karmoy Norway 0 61 98 0 0
Karmoy Pilot Norway 0 0 0 0 0
Lista Norway 0 0 101 0 0
Mosjoen Norway 0 0 0 121 0
Sunndal Norway 0 0 229 0 0
Talum Slovenia 0 3 53 0 27
Aviles Spain 21 0 41 0 0
La Coruna Spain 0 0 46 25 0
San Ciprian Spain 49 0 49 148 0
Sundsvall Sweden 0 0 93 34 0
Lochaber UK 24 0 0 24 0
Total Western Europe 695 327 1366 1326 27
Total Europe 2,718 393 1,844 2,002 27
Canada
Alma Canada 96 100 0 0 0
Alouette Canada 603 0 0 0 0
Arvida Canada 26 9 148 0 0
Arvida AP60 Canada 59 0 0 0 0
Baie Comeau Canada 113 0 0 169 0
Becancour Canada 53 88 150 97 0
Deschambault Canada 132 0 0 0 0
Grande Baie Canada 65 11 0 145 0
Kitimat Canada 62 0 0 47 0
Laterrière Canada 20 0 0 225 0
Shawinigan Canada 0 0 0 0 0
Total Canada 1227 209 298 683 0
USA
Ferndale USA 77 0 94 0 0
Hawesville USA 134 45 0 0 0
Massena East USA 0 0 0 0 0
Massena West USA 22 5 80 0 0
Mount Holly USA 91 0 114 0 0
New Madrid USA 136 0 33 0 0
Sebree USA 83 0 119 0 0
Warrick USA 4 0 0 349 0
Wenatchee USA 144 0 0 0 0
Total USA 690 50 440 349 0
Total North America 1917 259 738 1032 0
World ex. China 12186 1368 5430 3925 317
Data: CRU. *Consists of unallocated closures, disruptions and unallocated creep.

2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016
PFA Wire rod Total Ingot Liquid Billet Slab CC strip PFA Wire rod
0 0 91 63 0 0 29 0 0 0
22 48 321 99 0 65 84 0 29 46
2 0 32 2 0 0 33 0 2 0
0 0 556 523 45 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 692 586 112 0 0 0 0 0
23 48 1692 1274 157 65 147 0 31 46
273 0 1072 219 0 606 0 0 248 0

276 0 1379 433 2 404 250 0 333 0
114 0 975 146 295 332 103 0 109 0
37 0 184 128 0 28 0 0 33 0
0 0 80 62 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 94 96 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 376 319 65 0 0 0 0 0
224 0 640 12 0 339 0 0 287 0
0 0 839 481 0 194 195 0 0 0
4 0 50 7 0 55 14 0 7 0
928 0 5687 1902 363 1958 562 0 1018 0
0 0 191 346 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 84 383 297 0 20 0 0 0 90
0 0 182 18 3 12 64 71 0 0
0 141 596 413 35 129 0 0 0 117
0 211 342 165 0 4 0 27 0 201
0 14 302 282 0 3 0 0 0 64
0 94 409 147 0 29 102 36 0 94
0 544 2406 1669 39 196 166 134 0 566
0 0 70 35 0 0 0 37 0 0
0 0 249 240 0 0 0 0 13 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 221 234 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 122 0 0 121 0 0 0 0
78 0 278 414 30 0 0 0 118 30
0 0 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 139 98 0 13 17 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
90 1 1098 1042 30 134 17 37 131 31
1041 594 10883 5887 589 2353 891 171 1180 643
109 0 198 76 19 0 28 0 63 0
0 0 313 197 38 83 0 0 0 0
0 0 268 146 32 88 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 314 282 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 579 435 33 88 21 0 12 0
13 0 337 265 0 68 0 0 8 0
133 0 2008 1403 122 327 49 0 83 0
45 61 430 163 4 126 10 0 66 61

34 52 345 110 0 97 34 105 42 34
0 0 435 393 53 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 29 14 0 4 4 0 0 0
0 0 91 84 14 23 0 0 0 0
80 113 1364 764 71 250 47 105 108 95
0 84 271 8 0 65 125 0 0 74
71 0 191 0 0 120 0 0 75 0
71 84 462 8 0 185 125 0 75 74
0 88 1003 763 0 0 151 0 0 90

0 0 21 148 0 0 0 0 0 0
148 146 421 119 0 0 0 0 150 156
0 28 67 31 0 7 0 0 0 31
35 0 289 237 0 0 0 0 53 6
102 0 1018 608 67 0 237 0 119 0
9 0 13 4 0 0 0 0 9 0
39 0 212 78 0 97 0 0 41 0
20 0 40 0 0 10 10 0 19 0
60 0 529 96 0 214 160 0 64 0
413 262 3612 2085 67 328 558 0 455 283
484 347 4075 2093 67 513 683 0 530 357
13 2 128 4 0 87 23 0 13 2
42 0 278 0 0 0 243 0 40 0
12 95 151 5 9 0 30 0 12 96
30 0 251 30 4 113 93 0 42 0
0 0 131 0 132 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 246 0 33 0 222 0 0 0
0 0 90 10 84 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 177 9 0 122 51 0 0 0
28 69 346 228 0 0 0 0 26 76
31 0 310 268 0 0 0 0 47 0
0 0 212 0 0 216 0 0 0 0
0 0 42 39 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 50 0 0 76 0 0 0 0
0 0 212 0 0 0 181 0 40 0
0 0 94 0 0 0 92 0 0 0
0 0 97 0 0 104 0 0 0 0
0 59 219 0 63 108 0 0 0 57
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 0 116 0 0 103 0 0 14 0
84 0 205 0 0 0 122 0 85 0
188 0 417 0 0 256 0 0 210 0
47 0 130 0 3 53 0 27 47 0
21 0 82 21 0 42 0 0 21 0
0 0 70 0 0 46 25 0 0 0
0 0 247 50 0 50 150 0 0 0
0 0 126 0 0 98 36 0 0 0
0 0 47 23 0 0 23 0 0 0
510 225 4476 686 329 1474 1291 27 597 231
994 572 8,551 2,779 396 1,988 1,974 27 1,127 588
177 105 478 86 101 0 0 0 182 110

0 0 603 606 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 183 17 18 146 0 0 0 0
0 0 59 60 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 282 126 0 0 174 0 0 0
53 0 441 81 90 153 81 0 45 0
148 0 279 150 0 0 0 0 132 0
0 0 221 80 11 0 137 0 0 0
0 0 109 313 0 0 93 0 0 0
0 0 245 40 0 0 208 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
378 105 2900 1557 220 299 692 0 359 110
63 0 234 70 0 101 0 0 54 0
0 0 179 60 40 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 22 129 18 5 80 0 0 0 26
18 0 223 32 0 73 0 0 9 0
9 44 222 9 0 0 0 0 1 4
0 0 202 40 0 161 0 0 0 0
0 0 353 0 0 0 295 0 0 0
0 0 144 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
90 66 1685 237 45 415 295 0 64 30
467 172 4585 1795 265 714 988 0 423 140
2716 1450 27391 12628 1442 5631 3949 303 2920 1465
2016 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018
Total Ingot Liquid Billet Slab CC strip PFA Wire rod Total Ingot
92 52 0 0 26 0 4 0 82 48
323 74 0 59 68 0 28 65 295 71
38 2 0 0 33 0 2 0 38 2
569 526 46 0 0 0 0 0 572 522
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
698 592 121 0 0 0 0 0 713 591
1719 1247 167 59 127 0 34 65 1700 1235
1072 135 0 654 0 0 338 0 1127 79

1423 455 26 422 259 0 316 0 1477 289
985 133 299 358 84 0 121 0 995 160
189 116 0 26 0 0 30 0 172 120
62 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 64
96 104 0 0 0 0 0 0 104 108
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
385 201 50 0 0 0 0 0 251 266
639 19 0 349 0 0 278 0 647 20
870 439 0 183 293 0 0 0 915 388
83 0 0 62 14 0 8 0 84 0
5803 1665 375 2054 649 0 1091 0 5834 1500
346 358 0 0 0 0 0 0 358 357

407 309 0 22 0 0 0 110 441 317
169 25 4 13 63 76 0 0 180 25
695 587 44 251 0 0 0 120 1002 686
396 268 0 11 0 33 0 245 558 234
349 276 0 11 0 0 0 72 358 268
408 155 0 29 96 35 0 94 408 155
2770 1977 48 336 159 144 0 641 3305 2043
72 39 0 0 0 33 0 0 72 39
253 199 0 19 0 0 24 0 243 179
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
234 253 0 0 0 0 0 0 253 239
121 0 0 121 0 0 0 0 121 0
592 453 32 6 0 0 123 32 647 405
20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20
129 90 0 12 15 0 0 1 118 110
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1421 1053 32 158 15 33 147 34 1473 991
11713 5942 622 2607 951 177 1273 740 12312 5768
186 39 19 0 39 0 97 0 193 41
318 130 29 82 0 0 0 0 241 129
266 147 32 88 0 0 0 0 268 147
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
282 199 0 0 0 0 0 0 199 299
589 475 3 94 5 0 12 0 590 479
341 268 0 61 0 0 10 0 340 273
1983 1259 83 326 44 0 119 0 1831 1367
430 165 4 128 10 0 67 62 436 168

422 106 4 108 33 108 53 30 443 97
446 379 49 0 0 0 23 0 450 235
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
22 14 0 4 4 0 0 0 23 12
121 94 16 26 0 0 0 0 135 54
1441 759 72 266 47 108 142 92 1487 567
272 4 0 51 142 0 0 85 281 4

195 0 0 121 0 0 76 0 197 0
468 4 0 172 142 0 76 85 479 4
1003 764 0 0 151 0 0 90 1005 809

148 148 0 0 0 0 0 0 148 149
425 121 0 0 0 0 151 157 429 169
69 29 0 7 0 0 0 36 73 41
297 196 0 0 0 0 80 21 297 204
1031 505 67 15 296 0 144 0 1027 575
13 4 0 0 0 0 9 0 13 8
216 77 0 98 0 0 44 0 219 87
39 0 0 9 9 0 18 0 35 0
535 73 0 219 184 0 65 0 540 136
3776 1916 67 349 639 0 510 305 3785 2178
4243 1920 67 521 781 0 586 390 4264 2182
130 4 0 86 23 0 13 2 129 4
283 0 0 0 247 0 40 0 287 0
152 4 8 0 28 0 11 87 138 4
281 25 4 95 98 0 74 0 296 26
132 0 126 0 0 0 0 0 126 0
256 0 20 0 235 0 0 0 255 0
95 10 84 0 0 0 0 0 95 10
183 0 0 128 55 0 0 0 182 0
330 262 0 0 0 0 27 51 341 238
315 270 0 0 0 0 48 0 317 267
216 0 0 222 0 0 0 0 222 0
39 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40
76 0 0 55 0 0 0 0 55 0
221 0 0 0 170 0 51 0 221 0
92 0 0 0 95 0 0 0 95 0
104 0 0 107 0 0 0 0 107 0
229 0 63 111 0 0 0 64 239 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
117 0 0 101 0 0 14 0 114 0
207 0 0 0 119 0 82 0 201 0
466 0 0 269 0 0 195 0 464 0
130 0 3 53 0 27 46 0 128 0
83 19 0 38 0 0 19 0 77 19
70 0 0 44 24 0 0 0 68 0
250 49 0 49 146 0 0 0 243 50
134 0 0 98 36 0 0 0 134 0
46 20 0 0 20 0 0 0 40 20
4636 703 309 1454 1294 27 620 205 4612 679
8,879 2,623 376 1,975 2,074 27 1,206 594 8,876 2,860
479 95 99 0 0 0 174 102 469 105

606 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 589
181 17 18 146 0 0 0 0 181 17
60 57 0 0 0 0 0 0 57 58
300 129 0 0 171 0 0 0 300 116
449 80 89 151 80 0 44 0 443 73
282 155 0 0 0 0 134 0 289 158
228 80 11 0 137 0 0 0 229 79
406 313 0 0 119 0 0 0 432 305
247 40 0 0 209 0 0 0 249 23
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3238 1561 217 297 716 0 352 102 3245 1523
224 69 0 100 0 0 53 0 222 70

100 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 68
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 10 5 76 0 0 0 32 123 10
115 32 0 72 0 0 9 0 113 33
13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58
201 39 0 156 0 0 0 0 194 37
295 0 0 0 299 0 0 0 299 0
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1085 210 45 404 299 0 62 32 1052 276
4323 1770 262 701 1015 0 414 134 4297 1798
28341 12354 1415 5876 4131 312 3154 1561 28803 12361
2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019
Liquid Billet Slab CC strip PFA Wire rod Total Ingot Liquid Billet
0 0 26 0 8 0 82 45 0 1
0 56 65 0 27 62 281 78 0 63
0 0 33 0 2 0 37 2 0 0
45 0 0 0 0 0 568 519 51 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
121 0 0 0 0 0 712 590 130 0
166 56 124 0 37 62 1680 1235 181 63
0 712 0 0 377 0 1168 80 0 725

72 434 304 0 347 0 1446 203 101 449
320 394 53 0 139 0 1066 280 340 517
0 27 0 0 31 0 178 126 0 28
0 0 0 0 0 0 64 64 0 0
0 2 0 0 0 0 110 104 0 5
0 0 0 0 0 0 6 36 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
114 0 0 0 0 0 381 256 138 0
0 356 0 0 284 0 659 20 0 356
0 180 379 0 0 0 946 339 0 179
0 62 14 0 8 0 84 0 0 62
506 2168 750 0 1185 0 6108 1507 579 2321
0 0 0 0 0 0 357 336 21 0
0 23 0 0 0 113 454 285 23 23
4 13 62 75 0 0 178 25 4 13
70 392 14 0 28 210 1399 550 130 419
0 30 0 27 0 302 593 183 0 30
0 18 0 0 0 73 359 244 0 36
0 29 96 35 0 94 408 154 0 28
74 503 172 137 28 792 3749 1776 178 549
0 0 0 33 0 0 72 39 0 0
0 31 0 0 49 0 259 148 0 40
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 13 0 254 204 20 0
0 121 0 0 0 0 121 0 0 121
32 39 0 0 126 45 648 363 32 71
0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 0 0
0 14 19 0 0 1 145 138 0 18
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
35 205 19 33 188 47 1518 919 53 250
781 2932 1065 170 1438 901 13055 5437 990 3184
21 0 41 0 103 0 206 41 21 0
27 67 0 0 0 0 222 129 27 67
32 88 0 0 0 0 267 147 32 88
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 299 299 0 0
0 94 5 0 12 0 590 482 0 95
0 63 0 0 14 0 349 287 0 66
79 312 46 0 129 0 1933 1386 80 317
5 130 10 0 68 64 445 168 5 130

30 99 30 99 49 0 406 107 33 109
46 0 0 0 24 0 305 350 53 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 4 3 0 0 0 19 12 0 4
9 15 0 0 0 0 78 69 11 19
90 248 44 99 141 64 1253 707 103 262
0 51 142 0 0 85 282 4 0 51
0 121 0 0 76 0 198 0 0 121
0 172 142 0 76 85 479 4 0 173
0 0 121 0 0 75 1005 847 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 149 147 0 0
0 0 0 0 127 127 422 189 0 0
0 7 0 0 0 26 75 38 0 8
0 0 0 0 72 24 301 209 0 0
66 20 254 0 102 0 1017 624 66 41
0 0 0 0 12 0 20 13 0 0
0 97 0 0 32 0 217 93 0 97
0 4 4 0 9 0 17 0 0 0
0 191 164 0 55 0 546 190 0 163
66 321 543 0 409 252 3768 2352 66 309
66 493 685 0 485 337 4248 2356 66 481
0 94 25 0 14 2 141 4 0 95
0 0 203 0 28 0 230 0 0 0
9 0 29 0 12 91 144 4 9 0
5 97 100 0 76 0 303 26 5 97
132 0 0 0 0 0 132 0 132 0
20 0 235 0 0 0 256 0 20 0
84 0 0 0 0 0 95 10 84 0
0 137 46 0 0 0 182 0 0 138
0 0 0 0 28 79 346 239 0 0
0 0 0 0 55 0 321 277 0 0
0 220 0 0 0 0 220 0 0 220
0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40 0 0
0 47 20 0 0 0 67 0 0 72
0 0 168 0 50 0 218 0 0 0
0 0 93 0 0 0 93 0 0 0
0 99 0 0 0 0 99 0 0 99
64 105 0 0 0 56 226 0 64 105
0 54 0 0 0 0 54 0 0 76
0 101 0 0 14 0 114 0 0 101
0 0 122 0 78 0 201 0 0 0
0 266 0 0 193 0 458 0 0 266
3 53 0 27 47 0 130 0 3 53
0 38 0 0 19 0 77 19 0 38
0 46 22 0 0 0 68 0 0 47
0 62 137 0 0 0 248 50 0 75
0 99 36 0 0 0 134 0 0 99
0 0 20 0 0 0 40 21 0 0
317 1518 1255 27 612 229 4636 691 317 1580
383 2,011 1,939 27 1,097 566 8,884 3,046 383 2,061
104 0 0 0 178 108 494 109 108 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 589 607 0 0
19 150 0 0 0 0 185 17 19 150
0 0 0 0 0 0 58 60 0 0
0 0 189 0 0 0 305 116 0 0
64 1 1 0 1 0 141 167 80 99
0 0 0 0 136 0 294 158 0 0
12 0 148 0 0 0 238 85 12 0
0 0 131 0 0 0 436 305 0 0
0 0 234 0 0 0 257 23 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
198 151 703 0 316 108 2998 1647 218 249
0 101 0 0 54 0 224 70 0 101

46 0 0 0 0 0 114 143 95 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 79 0 0 0 33 127 10 5 79
0 75 0 0 9 0 117 37 0 85
0 0 0 0 0 0 58 187 0 0
0 147 0 0 0 0 183 40 0 161
0 0 374 0 0 0 374 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
51 401 374 0 63 33 1197 487 100 425
248 552 1077 0 379 141 4195 2134 319 674
1581 6055 4171 296 3184 1671 29320 12710 1874 6497
2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
Slab CC strip PFA Wire rod Total Ingot Liquid Billet Slab CC strip
26 0 10 0 83 46 0 2 30 0
72 0 30 70 313 80 0 64 73 0
33 0 2 0 38 2 0 0 33 0
0 0 0 0 570 521 52 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 720 583 137 0 0 0
131 0 43 70 1723 1232 188 66 136 0
0 0 384 0 1189 80 0 725 0 0

333 0 362 0 1448 159 116 463 347 0
148 0 192 0 1476 205 346 558 236 0
0 0 32 0 186 126 0 28 0 0
0 0 0 0 64 80 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 110 100 0 5 0 0
0 0 0 0 36 36 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 393 259 139 0 0 0
0 0 284 0 659 20 0 357 0 0
478 0 0 0 996 308 0 180 539 0
14 0 8 0 84 0 0 64 15 0
973 0 1261 0 6640 1374 601 2380 1137 0
0 0 0 0 357 329 29 0 0 0
0 0 14 115 460 265 46 23 0 0
62 75 0 0 178 26 4 13 66 79
29 0 87 231 1446 461 130 449 43 0
0 38 0 346 597 146 0 30 0 60
0 0 0 80 360 170 0 65 0 0
95 35 0 93 406 155 0 29 96 35
187 147 101 866 3805 1552 209 609 205 174
0 33 0 0 72 39 0 0 0 33
0 0 63 13 264 108 0 54 13 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 31 0 255 174 38 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 121 0 0 121 0 0
0 0 136 45 649 360 32 71 0 0
0 0 0 0 20 20 0 0 0 0
24 0 0 2 182 152 0 20 26 0
0 0 0 0 7 100 0 0 0 0
24 33 230 60 1570 952 71 266 39 33
1315 180 1635 996 13738 5110 1070 3321 1517 207
41 0 103 0 207 41 21 0 41 0
0 0 0 0 223 140 29 73 0 0
0 0 0 0 268 147 32 88 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 299 299 0 0 0 0
5 0 12 0 594 482 0 95 5 0
0 0 15 0 368 287 0 66 0 0
46 0 130 0 1959 1397 82 322 46 0
10 0 68 64 445 174 5 135 10 0

33 109 53 0 445 119 37 121 37 121
0 0 39 0 442 365 55 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 219 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 19 12 0 4 3 0
0 0 0 0 100 76 13 21 0 0
47 109 161 64 1451 966 110 281 51 121
143 0 0 85 283 4 0 53 147 0

0 0 76 0 197 0 0 121 0 0
143 0 76 85 481 4 0 174 147 0
80 0 0 75 1003 852 0 0 81 0
0 0 0 0 147 148 0 0 0 0
0 0 105 126 420 193 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 30 76 38 0 8 0 0
0 0 60 30 299 204 0 0 0 0
203 0 81 0 1015 633 67 41 206 0
0 0 13 0 26 13 0 0 0 0
0 0 26 0 216 93 0 98 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
136 0 54 0 544 202 0 164 126 0
419 0 339 262 3747 2377 67 310 412 0
562 0 416 347 4228 2381 67 484 559 0
25 0 14 2 141 5 0 101 27 0
253 0 35 0 288 0 29 0 223 0
29 0 12 91 144 5 9 0 30 0
100 0 76 0 302 27 5 100 103 0
0 0 0 0 132 0 134 0 0 0
235 0 0 0 255 0 20 0 235 0
0 0 0 0 95 10 84 0 0 0
46 0 0 0 184 0 0 140 47 0
0 0 28 80 346 249 0 0 0 0
0 0 57 0 334 251 0 34 0 0
0 0 0 0 220 0 0 221 0 0
0 0 0 0 40 45 0 0 0 0
31 0 0 0 103 0 0 77 33 0
168 0 50 0 218 0 0 0 168 0
93 0 0 0 93 0 0 0 93 0
0 0 0 0 99 0 0 156 0 0
0 0 0 62 231 0 64 109 0 0
0 0 0 0 76 0 0 76 0 0
0 0 14 0 114 0 0 105 0 0
122 0 78 0 201 0 0 0 128 0
0 0 193 0 458 0 0 268 0 0
0 27 47 0 130 0 3 53 0 27
0 0 19 0 77 19 0 38 0 0
20 0 0 0 68 0 0 47 20 0
125 0 0 0 249 50 0 88 113 0
36 0 0 0 135 0 0 101 37 0
21 0 0 0 41 12 0 0 25 0
1304 27 621 235 4775 673 348 1715 1282 27
1,866 27 1,037 582 9,003 3,054 415 2,199 1,841 27
0 0 185 112 513 109 108 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 607 627 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 185 17 19 150 0 0
0 0 0 0 60 60 0 0 0 0
190 0 0 0 306 116 0 0 190 0
40 0 12 0 398 148 92 161 46 0
0 0 137 0 295 158 0 0 0 0
152 0 0 0 249 85 12 0 152 0
131 0 0 0 436 305 0 0 131 0
234 0 0 0 258 23 0 0 237 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
746 0 333 112 3305 1648 231 311 756 0
0 0 54 0 224 69 0 101 0 0
0 0 0 0 238 151 100 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 33 127 10 5 81 0 0
0 0 11 0 132 65 0 149 0 0
0 0 0 0 187 201 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 201 43 0 173 0 0
411 0 0 0 411 0 0 0 429 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
411 0 64 33 1520 540 106 503 429 0
1157 0 398 145 4825 2188 337 814 1185 0
4430 317 3360 1787 30976 12715 2013 6938 4641 355
2020 2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021
PFA Wire rod Total Ingot Liquid Billet Slab CC strip PFA Wire rod
14 0 93 44 0 5 30 0 14 0
31 71 318 80 0 64 73 0 31 71
2 0 38 2 0 0 33 0 2 0
0 0 572 528 52 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 720 576 144 0 0 0 0 0
47 71 1740 1230 196 68 136 0 47 71
384 0 1189 80 0 725 0 0 384 0

362 0 1448 116 130 478 362 0 377 0
227 0 1573 190 362 558 236 0 227 0
32 0 187 137 0 30 0 0 35 0
0 0 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 106 100 0 5 0 0 0 0
0 0 36 36 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 398 239 159 0 0 0 0 0
284 0 662 20 0 357 0 0 284 0
0 0 1026 279 0 179 595 0 0 0
8 0 86 0 0 64 15 0 8 0
1298 0 6789 1286 651 2397 1208 0 1315 0
0 0 357 325 32 0 0 0 0 0
14 116 465 276 48 24 0 0 15 121
0 0 189 26 4 13 66 79 0 0
80 284 1448 561 152 471 84 0 93 323
0 371 606 126 0 30 0 60 0 391
0 125 359 151 0 65 0 0 0 144
0 94 408 155 0 29 96 35 0 94
94 990 3833 1621 236 633 246 174 107 1073
0 0 72 46 0 0 0 39 0 0
67 27 270 69 0 55 28 0 83 41
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
44 0 256 182 61 0 0 0 61 0
0 0 121 0 0 121 0 0 0 0
140 45 649 360 32 71 0 0 140 45
0 0 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 2 200 227 0 30 39 0 0 3
0 0 100 149 0 0 0 0 0 0
251 74 1686 1054 93 277 67 39 283 90
1689 1136 14049 5190 1177 3375 1657 213 1752 1234
103 0 207 41 21 0 41 0 103 0

0 0 242 181 38 94 0 0 0 0
0 0 268 147 32 88 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 299 299 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 594 482 0 100 5 0 12 0
15 0 368 287 0 66 0 0 15 0
130 0 1978 1438 90 349 46 0 130 0
71 66 461 174 5 135 10 0 71 66

59 0 496 119 37 121 37 121 59 0
41 0 462 365 55 0 0 0 41 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 219 267 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 19 12 0 4 3 0 0 0
0 0 110 84 14 23 0 0 0 0
171 66 1766 1021 111 283 51 121 171 66
0 88 291 5 0 61 170 0 0 101

76 0 197 0 0 121 0 0 76 0
76 88 489 5 0 182 170 0 76 101
0 76 1009 832 0 0 101 0 0 76

0 0 148 225 0 0 0 0 0 0
107 128 428 181 0 0 0 0 129 120
0 30 76 42 0 8 0 0 0 27
60 36 301 198 0 0 0 0 60 42
82 0 1029 623 67 41 206 0 93 0
13 0 26 10 0 0 0 0 16 0
26 0 217 87 0 98 0 0 33 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
55 0 546 202 0 164 126 0 55 0
343 271 3780 2401 67 311 433 0 385 265
419 358 4269 2406 67 493 602 0 461 366
15 2 151 5 0 108 29 0 16 3
34 0 286 0 51 0 200 0 34 0
12 96 152 5 9 0 30 0 12 96
78 0 313 27 5 100 103 0 78 0
0 0 134 0 134 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 255 0 20 0 235 0 0 0
0 0 95 10 84 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 186 0 0 140 47 0 0 0
29 83 361 256 0 0 0 0 30 85
58 0 343 220 0 70 0 0 59 0
0 0 221 0 0 221 0 0 0 0
0 0 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 109 0 0 77 33 0 0 0
50 0 219 0 0 0 168 0 50 0
0 0 93 0 0 0 93 0 0 0
0 0 156 0 0 196 0 0 0 0
0 58 231 0 65 104 0 0 0 62
0 0 76 0 0 76 0 0 0 0
14 0 119 0 0 105 0 0 14 0
82 0 210 0 0 0 128 0 82 0
194 0 463 0 0 268 0 0 194 0
47 0 130 0 3 53 0 27 47 0
19 0 77 19 0 38 0 0 19 0
0 0 68 0 0 47 20 0 0 0
0 0 252 50 0 88 113 0 0 0
0 0 137 0 0 101 37 0 0 0
12 0 49 5 0 0 25 0 20 0
646 239 4932 642 372 1793 1261 27 657 246
1,066 597 9,201 3,048 439 2,285 1,863 27 1,117 612
185 112 513 109 108 0 0 0 185 112

0 0 627 627 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 185 16 18 143 0 0 0 0
0 0 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 306 116 0 0 190 0 0 0
14 0 461 115 92 194 46 0 14 0
137 0 295 158 0 0 0 0 137 0
0 0 250 85 12 0 152 0 0 0
0 0 436 305 0 0 131 0 0 0
0 0 260 23 0 0 237 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
335 112 3392 1615 230 337 756 0 335 112
54 0 224 69 0 101 0 0 54 0
0 0 251 151 100 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 34 131 10 5 81 0 0 0 34
19 0 232 65 0 149 0 0 19 0
0 0 201 239 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 216 43 0 173 0 0 0 0
0 0 429 0 0 0 468 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
72 34 1684 578 106 503 468 0 72 34
407 146 5076 2193 336 840 1224 0 407 146
3463 1944 32070 12890 2153 7132 4841 361 3579 2057
2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
Total Ingot Liquid Billet Slab CC strip PFA Wire rod Total
93 44 0 5 30 0 14 0 93
318 80 0 64 73 0 31 71 318
38 2 0 0 33 0 2 0 38
580 535 53 0 0 0 0 0 587
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
720 576 144 0 0 0 0 0 720
1748 1236 197 68 136 0 47 71 1755
1189 80 0 725 0 0 384 0 1189

1449 72 130 493 377 0 377 0 1449
1573 190 362 558 236 0 227 0 1573
202 137 0 30 0 0 35 0 202
90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 90
106 100 0 5 0 0 0 0 106
36 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 36
0 36 14 20 0 0 0 0 70
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
398 239 159 0 0 0 0 0 398
662 20 0 357 0 0 284 0 662
1054 279 0 179 595 0 0 0 1054
86 0 0 64 15 0 8 0 86
6844 1278 665 2432 1223 0 1315 0 6914
357 325 32 0 0 0 0 0 357

485 288 50 25 0 0 15 126 505
189 26 4 13 66 79 0 0 189
1684 498 158 493 100 0 97 414 1760
607 130 0 32 0 62 0 407 632
360 133 0 65 0 0 0 162 360
408 155 0 29 96 35 0 94 408
4089 1556 245 656 262 176 112 1203 4211
85 54 0 0 0 46 0 0 100
276 43 0 58 43 0 107 37 288
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
303 273 91 0 0 0 91 0 455
121 0 0 121 0 0 0 0 121
649 360 32 71 0 0 140 45 649
20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 20
299 341 0 45 58 0 0 4 449
149 199 0 0 0 0 0 0 199
1902 1290 123 295 102 46 337 87 2280
14583 5361 1231 3451 1722 222 1811 1362 15160
207 41 21 0 41 0 103 0 207

313 181 38 94 0 0 0 0 313
268 147 32 88 0 0 0 0 268
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
299 299 0 0 0 0 0 0 299
599 482 0 100 5 0 12 0 599
368 287 0 66 0 0 15 0 368
2054 1438 90 349 46 0 130 0 2054
461 174 5 135 10 0 71 66 461

496 119 37 121 37 121 59 0 496
462 365 55 0 0 0 41 0 462
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
267 267 0 0 0 0 0 0 267
19 12 0 4 3 0 0 0 19
121 84 14 23 0 0 0 0 121
1825 1021 111 283 51 121 171 66 1825
337 5 0 61 170 0 0 101 337

197 0 0 121 0 0 76 0 197
534 5 0 182 170 0 76 101 534
1009 832 0 0 101 0 0 76 1009

225 297 0 0 0 0 0 0 297
430 163 0 0 0 0 152 116 431
76 42 0 8 0 0 0 27 76
301 198 0 0 0 0 60 42 301
1030 593 67 41 227 0 103 0 1031
26 8 0 0 0 0 18 0 26
218 87 0 98 0 0 33 0 218
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
546 191 0 164 137 0 55 0 546
3860 2412 67 311 464 0 420 261 3935
4394 2416 67 493 634 0 496 362 4469
161 5 0 108 29 0 16 3 161

286 0 51 0 200 0 34 0 286
152 5 9 0 30 0 12 96 152
313 27 5 100 103 0 78 0 313
134 0 134 0 0 0 0 0 134
255 0 20 0 235 0 0 0 255
95 10 84 0 0 0 0 0 95
186 0 0 140 47 0 0 0 186
372 256 0 0 0 0 30 85 372
349 185 0 105 0 0 59 0 349
221 0 0 221 0 0 0 0 221
45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 45
109 0 0 77 33 0 0 0 109
219 0 0 0 168 0 50 0 219
93 0 0 0 93 0 0 0 93
196 0 0 221 0 0 0 0 221
231 0 65 108 0 0 0 58 231
76 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 76
119 0 0 105 0 0 14 0 119
210 0 0 0 128 0 82 0 210
463 0 0 268 0 0 194 0 463
130 0 3 53 0 27 47 0 130
77 19 0 38 0 0 19 0 77
68 0 0 47 20 0 0 0 68
252 50 0 88 113 0 0 0 252
137 0 0 101 37 0 0 0 137
50 0 0 0 25 0 25 0 50
4998 602 372 1857 1262 27 662 241 5024
9,392 3,019 439 2,350 1,895 27 1,158 604 9,492
513 109 108 0 0 0 185 112 513

627 727 0 0 0 0 0 0 727
177 16 18 143 0 0 0 0 177
60 119 0 0 0 0 0 0 119
306 116 0 0 190 0 0 0 306
461 115 92 194 46 0 14 0 461
295 158 0 0 0 0 137 0 295
250 85 12 0 152 0 0 0 250
436 305 0 0 131 0 0 0 436
260 23 0 0 237 0 0 0 260
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3384 1774 230 337 756 0 335 112 3543
224 69 0 101 0 0 54 0 224

251 151 100 0 0 0 0 0 251
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
131 10 5 81 0 0 0 34 131
232 65 0 149 0 0 19 0 232
239 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 275
216 43 0 173 0 0 0 0 216
468 0 0 0 468 0 0 0 468
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1761 613 106 503 468 0 72 34 1797
5145 2388 336 840 1224 0 407 146 5340
32999 13227 2207 7272 4939 371 3678 2177 33871

Back to contents
Table S.5: Ingot production by smelter, 2016-2022 ('000 tonnes)
Smelter Country 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Africa
Total Africa 1291 1274 1247 1235 1235
Asia ex. China

Middle East Country
Dubal UAE 284 219 135 79 80
EMAL UAE 434 433 455 289 203
Alba Bahrain 65 146 133 160 280
Arak Iran 123 128 116 120 126
Hormozal Iran 94 96 104 108 104
Sohar Oman 293 319 201 266 256
India
Aditya India 191 346 358 357 336
Angul India 237 297 309 317 285
Korba India 99 165 268 234 183
Mahan India 289 282 276 268 244
Renukoot India 156 147 155 155 154
Total India 1358 1669 1977 2043 1776
Other Asia
Total Other Asia 813 1042 1053 991 919
Australasia

Belem Brazil 387 393 379 235 350

Russia
Bratsk Russia 769 763 764 809 847
Irkutsk Russia 127 119 121 169 189
Khakas Russia 254 237 196 204 209
Total Russia 2020 2085 1916 2178 2352
Western Europe
Lochaber UK 24 23 20 20 21
Total Europe 2,718 2,779 2,623 2,860 3,046
Canada
Alma Canada 96 86 95 105 109
Kitimat Canada 62 313 313 305 305
Total Canada 1227 1557 1561 1523 1647
USA
Sebree USA 83 40 39 37 40
Total USA 690 237 210 276 487
World ex. China 12186 12628 12354 12361 12710

2020 2021 2022
Back to contents
46 44 44
80 80 80
2 2 2
521 528 535
0 0 0
0 0 0
583 576 576
1232 1230 1236
80 80 80
159 116 72
205 190 190
126 137 137
80 90 90
100 100 100
36 36 36
0 0 36
0 0 0
259 239 239
20 20 20
308 279 279
0 0 0
1374 1286 1278
329 325 325

265 276 288
26 26 26
461 561 498
146 126 130
170 151 133
155 155 155
1552 1621 1556
39 46 54
108 69 43
0 0 0
174 182 273
0 0 0
360 360 360
20 20 20
152 227 341
100 149 199
952 1054 1290
5110 5190 5361
41 41 41
140 181 181
147 147 147
0 0 0
299 299 299
482 482 482
287 287 287
1397 1438 1438
174 174 174

119 119 119
365 365 365
0 0 0
0 0 0
219 267 267
12 12 12
76 84 84
966 1021 1021
4 5 5
0 0 0
4 5 5
852 832 832

148 225 297
193 181 163
38 42 42
204 198 198
633 623 593
13 10 8
93 87 87
0 0 0
202 202 191
2377 2401 2412
2381 2406 2416
5 5 5
0 0 0
5 5 5
27 27 27
0 0 0
0 0 0
10 10 10
0 0 0
249 256 256
251 220 185
0 0 0
45 45 45
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
19 19 19
0 0 0
50 50 50
0 0 0
12 5 0
673 642 602
3,054 3,048 3,019
109 109 109

627 627 727
17 16 16
60 60 119
116 116 116
148 115 115
158 158 158
85 85 85
305 305 305
23 23 23
0 0 0
1648 1615 1774
69 69 69
151 151 151
0 0 0
10 10 10
65 65 65
201 239 275
43 43 43
0 0 0
0 0 0
540 578 613
2188 2193 2388
12715 12890 13227

Table S.6: Billet production by smelter, 2016-2022 ('000 tonnes)
Smelter Country 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Africa
Total Africa 69 65 59 56 63
Asia ex. China

Middle East Country
Dubal UAE 515 606 654 712 725
EMAL UAE 462 404 422 434 449
Alba Bahrain 373 332 358 394 517
Arak Iran 23 28 26 27 28
Sohar Oman 0 0 0 0 0
Qatalum Qatar 358 339 349 356 356
India
Angul India 19 20 22 23 23
Total India 175 196 336 503 549
Other Asia
Mukah Malaysia 109 121 121 121 121
Total Other Asia 123 134 158 205 250
Australasia


Russia
Sayansk Russia 203 214 219 191 163
Total Russia 307 328 349 321 309
Western Europe
ISAL Iceland 212 216 222 220 220
Karmoy Norway 98 108 111 105 105
Lista Norway 101 103 101 101 101
Sunndal Norway 229 256 269 266 266
Total Europe 1,844 1,988 1,975 2,011 2,061
Canada
Arvida Canada 148 146 146 150 150
Total Canada 298 299 297 151 249
USA
Ferndale USA 94 101 100 101 101
Sebree USA 119 161 156 147 161
Total USA 440 415 404 401 425
World ex. China 5430 5631 5876 6055 6497

2020 2021 2022
Back to contents
2 5 5
64 64 64
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
66 68 68
725 725 725

463 478 493
558 558 558
28 30 30
0 0 0
5 5 5
0 0 0
0 0 20
0 0 0
0 0 0
357 357 357
180 179 179
64 64 64
2380 2397 2432
0 0 0
23 24 25
13 13 13
449 471 493
30 30 32
65 65 65
29 29 29
609 633 656
0 0 0
54 55 58
0 0 0
0 0 0
121 121 121
71 71 71
0 0 0
20 30 45
0 0 0
266 277 295
3321 3375 3451
0 0 0
73 94 94
88 88 88
0 0 0
0 0 0
95 100 100
66 66 66
322 349 349
135 135 135

121 121 121
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
4 4 4
21 23 23
281 283 283
53 61 61
121 121 121
174 182 182
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
8 8 8
0 0 0
41 41 41
0 0 0
98 98 98
0 0 0
164 164 164
310 311 311
484 493 493
101 108 108

0 0 0
0 0 0
100 100 100
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
140 140 140
0 0 0
34 70 105
221 221 221
0 0 0
77 77 77
0 0 0
0 0 0
156 196 221
109 104 108
76 76 76
105 105 105
0 0 0
268 268 268
53 53 53
38 38 38
47 47 47
88 88 88
101 101 101
0 0 0
1715 1793 1857
2,199 2,285 2,350
0 0 0
0 0 0
150 143 143
0 0 0
0 0 0
161 194 194
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
311 337 337
101 101 101

0 0 0
0 0 0
81 81 81
149 149 149
0 0 0
173 173 173
0 0 0
0 0 0
503 503 503
814 840 840
6938 7132 7272

Table S.7: PFA production by smelter, 2016-2022 ('000 tonnes)
Smelter Country 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Africa
Asia ex. China

Middle East Country
Dubal UAE 273 248 338 377 384
EMAL UAE 276 333 316 347 362
Alba Bahrain 114 109 121 139 192
Arak Iran 37 33 30 31 32
Qatalum Qatar 224 287 278 284 284
India
Total India 0 0 0 28 101
Other Asia
Australasia


Russia
Irkutsk Russia 148 150 151 127 105
Total Russia 413 455 510 409 339
Western Europe
Sunndal Norway 188 210 195 193 193
Total Europe 994 1,127 1,206 1,097 1,037
Canada
Alma Canada 177 182 174 178 185
Total Canada 378 359 352 316 333
USA
Sebree USA 0 0 0 0 0
Total USA 90 64 62 63 64
World ex. China 2716 2920 3154 3184 3360

2020 2021 2022
Back to contents
14 14 14
31 31 31
2 2 2
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
47 47 47
384 384 384

362 377 377
227 227 227
32 35 35
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
284 284 284
0 0 0
8 8 8
1298 1315 1315
0 0 0
14 15 15
0 0 0
80 93 97
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
94 107 112
0 0 0
67 83 107
0 0 0
44 61 91
0 0 0
140 140 140
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
251 283 337
1689 1752 1811
103 103 103

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
12 12 12
15 15 15
130 130 130
71 71 71
59 59 59
41 41 41
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
171 171 171
0 0 0
76 76 76
76 76 76
0 0 0
0 0 0
107 129 152
0 0 0
60 60 60
82 93 103
13 16 18
26 33 33
0 0 0
55 55 55
343 385 420
419 461 496
15 16 16
34 34 34
12 12 12
78 78 78
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
29 30 30
58 59 59
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
50 50 50
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
14 14 14
82 82 82
194 194 194
47 47 47
19 19 19
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
12 20 25
646 657 662
1,066 1,117 1,158
185 185 185

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
14 14 14
137 137 137
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
335 335 335
54 54 54
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
19 19 19
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
72 72 72
407 407 407
3463 3579 3678

Table S.8: Slab production by smelter, 2016-2022 ('000 tonnes)
Smelter Country 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Africa
Valco Ghana 28 33 33 33 33
Total Africa 141 147 127 124 131
Asia ex. China

Middle East Country
Dubal UAE 0 0 0 0 0
EMAL UAE 207 250 259 304 333
Alba Bahrain 121 103 84 53 148
Arak Iran 0 0 0 0 0
India
Total India 154 166 159 172 187
Other Asia
Australasia


Russia
Bratsk Russia 147 151 151 121 80
Sayansk Russia 154 160 184 164 136
Total Russia 544 558 639 543 419
Western Europe
Dunkirk France 234 243 247 203 253
Essen Germany 110 93 98 100 100
Neuss Germany 205 222 235 235 235
Ardal Norway 212 181 170 168 168
Mosjoen Norway 121 122 119 122 122
Lochaber UK 24 23 20 20 21
Total Europe 2,002 1,974 2,074 1,939 1,866
Canada
Total Canada 683 692 716 703 746
USA
Warrick USA 349 295 299 374 411
Total USA 349 295 299 374 411
World ex. China 3925 3949 4131 4171 4430

2020 2021 2022
Back to contents
30 30 30
73 73 73
33 33 33
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
136 136 136
0 0 0
347 362 377
236 236 236
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
539 595 595
15 15 15
1137 1208 1223
0 0 0
0 0 0
66 66 66
43 84 100
0 0 0
0 0 0
96 96 96
205 246 262
0 0 0
13 28 43
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
26 39 58
0 0 0
39 67 102
1517 1657 1722
41 41 41
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
5 5 5
0 0 0
46 46 46
10 10 10
37 37 37
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
3 3 3
0 0 0
51 51 51
147 170 170

0 0 0
147 170 170
81 101 101
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
206 206 227
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
126 126 137
412 433 464
559 602 634
27 29 29
223 200 200
30 30 30
103 103 103
0 0 0
235 235 235
0 0 0
47 47 47
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
33 33 33
168 168 168
93 93 93
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
128 128 128
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
20 20 20
113 113 113
37 37 37
25 25 25
1282 1261 1262
1,841 1,863 1,895
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
190 190 190
46 46 46
0 0 0
152 152 152
131 131 131
237 237 237
0 0 0
756 756 756
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
429 468 468
0 0 0
429 468 468
1185 1224 1224
4641 4841 4939

Table S.9: Rod production by smelter, 2016-2022 ('000 tonnes)
Smelter Country 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Africa
Asia ex. China

Middle East Country
Dubal UAE 0 0 0 0 0
EMAL UAE 0 0 0 0 0
Alba Bahrain 0 0 0 0 0
Arak Iran 0 0 0 0 0
India
Angul India 84 90 110 113 115
Korba India 211 201 245 302 346
Mahan India 14 64 72 73 80
Total India 544 566 641 792 866
Other Asia
Australasia


Russia
Irkutsk Russia 146 156 157 127 126
Total Russia 262 283 305 252 262
Western Europe
Total Europe 572 588 594 566 582
Canada
Alma Canada 105 110 102 108 112
Total Canada 105 110 102 108 112
USA
Total USA 66 30 32 33 33
World ex. China 1450 1465 1561 1671 1787
Top 5 Chinese Producers

China Hongqiao Group 50 58 69 70 70
Xinfa Group 899 993 942 947 955
Chalco 875 528 741 1399 1752
East Hope Group 1329 1346 1054 745 785
Jiuquan Iron & Steel Group 877 710 605 605 605
Other Chinese Producers 9619 8518 7921 6919 6604
Total China 13649 12153 11331 10684 10770
World Production 15099 13618 12892 12356 12557

2020 2021 2022
Back to contents
0 0 0
71 71 71
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
71 71 71
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
116 121 126
0 0 0
284 323 414
371 391 407
125 144 162
94 94 94
990 1073 1203
0 0 0
27 41 37
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
45 45 45
0 0 0
2 3 4
0 0 0
74 90 87
1136 1234 1362
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
66 66 66
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
66 66 66
88 101 101
0 0 0
88 101 101
76 76 76
0 0 0
128 120 116
30 27 27
36 42 42
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
271 265 261
358 366 362
2 3 3
0 0 0
96 96 96
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
83 85 85
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
58 62 58
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
239 246 241
597 612 604
112 112 112

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
112 112 112
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
34 34 34
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
34 34 34
146 146 146
1944 2057 2177
73 74 74
955 953 953
1653 1603 1603
845 914 914
605 605 605
6800 7055 7055
10930 11205 11205
12878 13266 13384

Table S.10: Ranking of VAP and ingot production by company ('000 t)
Remelt ingot production

2013 2014 2015 2016
Prod. Rank Prod. Rank Prod. Rank Prod. Rank
UC Rusal 2248 1 2043 1 2010 1 2011 1
Rio Tinto 1465 3 1199 3 1305 2 1660 2
Alcoa 1550 2 1297 2 1119 3 945 3
South32 1093 4 988 4 856 4 833 4
Vedanta 318 8 344 10 384 10 497 7
Press Metal 178 15 216 12 149 19 332 11
Nalco 184 13 177 15 237 12 297 12
Extrusion billet production

2013 2014 2015 2016
Norsk Hydro 655 2 720 2 680 2 715 2
Alcoa 629 3 643 3 557 4 584 4
UC Rusal 411 5 388 5 399 5 426 5
Vedanta 116 10 116 11 115 11 131 10
Rio Tinto 624 4 626 4 604 3 602 3
Qatar Petroleum 177 7 182 7 179 8 170 8
Mytilineos Holdings 108 12 122 10 119 10 122 12
Rolling slab production
2013 2014 2015 2016

Alcoa 932 1 909 2 917 1 875 1
Rio Tinto 915 2 932 1 758 2 763 2
UC Rusal 471 4 514 4 578 3 593 3
Norsk Hydro 516 3 550 3 514 4 498 4
Ma'aden 0 33 28 15 96 9 146 7
Liberty House Group 0 33 0 33 0 31 0 30
Vimetco 76 11 111 8 117 8 110 9
Trimet 116 8 123 7 130 7 113 8
Foundry alloy production
2013 2014 2015 2016

Norsk Hydro 336 5 340 5 340 5 436 3
UC Rusal 393 3 377 3 413 2 455 2
Alcoa 425 1 411 2 398 3 366 4
Rio Tinto 337 4 358 4 357 4 308 5
Qatar Petroleum 139 6 131 6 112 6 144 6
Press Metal 27 13 50 9 72 8 95 7
Trimet 22 15 34 13 38 11 50 11
Aluar 31 12 57 8 45 10 66 9
Wire rod production
2013 2014 2015 2016

Vedanta 205 2 215 2 249 2 220 2
UC Rusal 272 1 275 1 262 1 283 1
Indian State 83 6 83 7 103 5 98 6
Nalco 86 5 83 6 84 7 90 7
Alcoa 74 8 98 4 91 6 102 5
Rio Tinto 137 3 103 3 105 4 110 4
Vimetco 68 11 69 8 74 8 65 8
Aluar 70 9 58 11 61 10 61 10
Egyptalum 49 12 50 12 48 13 46 12
Liquid metal production
2013 2014 2015 2016

Rio Tinto 180 2 218 1 239 1 243 1
Trimet 125 3 139 3 221 2 227 2
South32 108 4 106 5 112 5 133 4
Norsk Hydro 68 8 108 4 130 4 127 5
Vedanta 2 21 0 35 7 19 35 10
Alcoa 91 5 82 6 71 6 72 6
SABIC 62 10 61 9 65 8 64 8
UC Rusal 65 9 66 8 66 7 67 7
cc production
2013 2014 2015 2016

Companhia Brasileira de Aluminio (CBA) 128 1 103 1 86 2 105 2
Azerbaijan State 22 7 33 4 38 4 37 3
Elektro-Slovenija (ELES) 22 6 22 7 22 5 22 4
Vedanta 33 4 29 5 16 6 14 5
Indian State 32 5 28 6 16 7 13 6
Factor Bank 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 7
Talum B 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 8
KAD 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 9
Egyptalum 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 10
Data: CRU. Notes: 1. South32 was BHP Billiton before 2015. 2. Rankings by equity ownership.
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Prod. Rank Prod. Rank Prod. Rank Prod. Rank Prod. Rank Prod.
1842 1 2104 1 2278 1 2303 1 2288 1 2263
1562 2 1568 2 1621 2 1627 2 1639 2 1738
928 3 931 3 986 3 1091 3 1095 3 1095
840 4 837 4 835 4 916 4 931 4 934
814 5 806 5 759 5 680 5 658 5 640
724 6 805 6 643 6 536 6 625 6 565
400 8 404 7 522 7 509 7 478 7 444
591 7 368 8 283 11 239 11 196 14 153
362 10 324 9 291 9 288 9 288 9 288
309 12 317 10 285 10 265 10 276 10 288
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

1075 1 1146 1 1173 1 1188 1 1203 1 1218
740 2 946 2 1022 2 1088 2 1124 2 1153
566 4 473 3 569 3 627 3 651 3 651
447 5 419 4 408 5 411 5 411 5 411
256 6 407 5 435 4 464 4 487 4 509
605 3 396 6 371 6 387 6 404 6 404
242 7 266 7 349 7 377 7 377 8 377
228 8 221 8 301 8 356 8 391 7 426
175 9 178 9 178 9 179 9 179 9 179
128 12 137 10 138 11 140 11 140 11 140
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

892 1 941 1 1021 1 1050 1 1104 1 1104
773 2 607 2 572 2 575 2 575 2 575
675 3 579 3 455 4 449 4 469 4 501
500 4 496 4 497 3 497 3 497 3 497
259 5 304 5 333 6 347 6 362 6 377
219 6 284 6 358 5 403 5 446 5 446
20 16 172 7 274 7 247 7 225 7 225
159 7 158 8 158 8 162 8 162 8 162
125 8 125 9 126 9 129 10 149 10 149
116 9 119 10 119 10 123 11 123 11 123
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
654 1 724 1 746 1 746 1 761 1 761
440 3 441 2 448 2 451 2 451 2 451
510 2 409 3 339 4 343 4 385 3 420
363 4 331 4 339 3 345 3 346 4 346
336 5 306 5 309 5 309 5 309 5 309
139 6 142 6 142 6 142 7 142 7 142
98 7 101 7 109 8 112 8 112 8 112
82 8 94 8 130 7 153 6 153 6 153
81 9 83 9 83 10 86 9 86 11 86
67 10 68 10 68 12 71 13 71 13 71
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

245 2 364 1 408 1 473 1 522 1 622
305 1 252 2 262 2 271 2 265 2 261
165 3 167 3 174 3 219 3 238 3 256
120 4 148 4 170 4 182 4 192 4 200
110 5 113 5 115 5 116 6 121 5 126
83 7 112 6 113 6 117 5 119 6 119
102 6 108 7 112 7 112 7 112 7 112
75 8 75 8 75 8 77 8 89 8 89
62 11 64 9 64 10 66 10 66 10 66
65 9 62 10 70 9 71 9 71 9 71
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

217 2 234 1 244 1 247 1 255 1 255
220 1 227 2 227 3 229 3 229 3 229
202 3 216 3 229 2 234 2 244 2 244
143 4 142 4 154 4 161 4 169 4 169
109 5 108 5 112 6 113 7 113 7 114
26 12 72 6 101 7 116 6 130 6 130
44 9 70 7 130 5 130 5 152 5 158
71 6 70 8 72 10 74 10 74 10 74
64 8 69 9 73 9 74 9 78 9 78
67 7 66 10 66 11 67 11 67 11 67
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
110 1 110 1 109 1 114 2 114 2 114
108 2 99 2 109 2 121 1 121 1 121
33 3 33 3 33 3 33 3 39 3 46
22 4 22 4 22 4 22 6 22 6 22
17 5 14 5 19 5 30 4 30 4 32
16 6 13 6 19 6 29 5 29 5 31
2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2
2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2
2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2
0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0
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2022
Rank
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2
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5
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7
20
10
11
2022
Rank
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6
4
7
8
5
9
11
2022
Rank
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2
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4
6
5
7
8
10
11
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Rank
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2
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4
5
7
9
6
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Rank
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2
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4
5
6
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8
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9
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Rank
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3
2
4
7
6
5
10
9
11
2022
Rank
2
1
3
6
4
5
7
8
9
10
Table S.11: Annual estimates, forecasts of world smelting capacity by smelter ('000tpy)
Smelter Country Region 1996 1997 1998
Edea Cameroon Africa 87 87 90

Nag Hammadi Egypt Africa 180 184 230
Valco Ghana Africa 200 200 200
Mozal Mozambique Africa 0 0 0
Ikot Abasi Nigeria Africa 0 2 31
Bayside South Africa Africa 170 170 178
Hillside South Africa Africa 422 496 500
Africa 1059 1139 1229

Unallocated Creep Africa 0 0 0
Smelter Province Country

Chongqing Dalang Chongqing China 0 0 0
Chongqing Zhengyang Chongqing China 0 0 0
Chongqing Dongsheng Chongqing China 3 12 12
Chongqing Qineng Chongqing China 0 0 0
Chongqing Tiantai Chongqing China 0 0 0
Various Chongqing Chongqing China 0 0 0
Fujian Nanping Fujian China 0 0 32
Baiyin Gansu China 55 55 55
Gansu Longxi Gansu China 0 0 0
Gansu Jiayuguan Gansu China 0 0 0
Lanzhou Gansu China 84 84 84
Liancheng Gansu China 95 95 95
Gansu Zhongrui Gansu China 0 0 0
Lintao Gansu China 0 0 0
Desheng Guangxi China 10 13 23
Baise Yinhai Guangxi China 0 0 0
Guangxi Hualei Guangxi China 0 0 0
Guangxi Suyuan Guangxi China 0 0 0
Jingxi Xinfa Guangxi China 0 0 0
Laibin Guangxi China 0 0 0
Pingguo Guangxi China 100 100 100
Guangxi Longlin Guangxi China 0 9 13
Baise Mining Guangxi China 0 0 0
Baise Mining Debao Guangxi China 0 0 0
Baise Mining Longlin Guangxi China 0 0 0
Baise Mining Tianlin Guangxi China 0 0 0
Fangchenggang Guangxi China 0 0 0
Various Guangxi Guangxi China 0 0 0
Guizhou Guizhou China 160 168 195
Liupanshui Guizhou China 0 0 0
Anshun Huangguoshu Guizhou China 0 0 0
Guizhou Tongzi Guizhou China 0 0 0
Zunyi Guizhou China 14 14 31
Guizhou Xingren Guizhou China 0 0 0
Guizhou Xingyi Guizhou China 0 0 0
Guizhou Huaren Guizhou China 0 0 0
Various Guizhou Guizhou China 0 0 0
Various Hebei Hebei China 0 0 0
Various Heilongjiang Heilongjiang China 6 10 10
Zhengzhou Longxiang Henan China 0 0 0
Yugang Longquan Henan China 0 0 0
Mianchi Henan China 0 0 0
Jiaozuo Wanfang Henan China 43 43 43
Linzhou Henan China 0 0 6
Dengfeng Henan China 20 20 25
Zhengzhou Faxiang Henan China 0 0 0
Zhongfu Henan China 0 0 0
Qingyang Qin'ao Henan China 0 0 0
Sanmenxia Tianyuan Henan China 34 34 34
Shenhuo Shangqiu Henan China 0 0 0
Shenhuo Henan China 0 0 0
Wanji Henan China 0 0 25
Shangdian Henan China 40 40 40
Henan Xichuan Henan China 15 15 15
Xinwang Henan China 16 16 46
Gongyi Henan China 0 0 0
Zhengzhou Henan China 52 52 52
Hengkang Henan China 0 0 0
Various Henan Henan China 0 0 0
Yichang Changjiang Hubei China 0 0 0
Danjiangkou Hubei China 23 23 23
Hubei Qianjiang Hubei China 0 10 32
Yangxin Hongjun Hubei China 9 9 9
Various Hubei Hubei China 0 0 0
Chuangyuan Hunan China 0 0 0
Various Hunan Hunan China 0 0 0
Baotou Inner Mongolia China 80 88 115
Huolinguole Chuangyuan Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Zhaqi Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Baotou East Hope Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Guyang East Hope Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Huomei Hongjun Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Tongshun Inner Mongolia China 11 11 20
Tuoketuo Datang Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Jinlian Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Baiyinhua Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Yiminhe Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Baotou Huayun Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Mengtai Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Qianhengda Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Datun Jiangsu China 0 0 0
Various Jiangsu Jiangsu China 0 0 0
Various Jilin Jilin China 0 0 0
Various Jiangxi Jiangxi China 0 0 0
Fushun Liaoning China 110 110 110
Liaoning Yingkou Liaoning China 0 0 0
Various Liaoning Liaoning China 0 0 0
Ningxia Chalco Ningxia China 0 0 0
Ningxia Zhongning Ningxia China 0 0 0
Qingtongxia Ningxia China 100 100 100
Ningxia Qinyi Ningxia China 0 0 0
Ningdong Ningxia China 0 0 0
Ningxia Jinning Ningxia China 0 0 0
Baihe Qinghai China 0 5 6
Baihe Recycling Qinghai China 0 0 0
Changqing Qinghai China 0 0 15
Qiaotou Qinghai China 0 0 0
Qinghai Qinghai China 200 200 200
Qinghai Xinye Qinghai China 0 0 0
Qinghai Minhe Qinghai China 0 0 0
Qinghai Sanmenxia Qinghai China 0 0 0
Qinghai Xinheng Hydro Qinghai China 0 0 0
Qinghai Wuchan Qinghai China 0 0 0
Various Qinghai Qinghai China 0 0 0
Shaanxi Meixin Shaanxi China 0 0 0
Shaanxi Yulin Shaanxi China 0 0 0
Tongchuan Shaanxi China 50 50 50
Various Shaanxi Shaanxi China 0 0 0
Xinyuan Shandong China 0 0 0
Linyi Huayu Shandong China 0 0 0
Nanshan Shandong China 0 0 0
Taishan Taian Shandong China 0 0 0
Weiqiao Town Shandong China 0 0 0
Zouping Shandong China 0 0 0
Binzhou Shandong China 0 0 0
Yangxin Shandong China 0 0 0
Huimin Shandong China 0 0 0
Zhanhua Shandong China 0 0 0
Huaxin Shandong China 0 0 0
Xinfa Huayuan Shandong China 0 0 0
Beihai Shandong China 0 0 0
Yankuang Shandong China 0 0 0
Shandong Chalco Shandong China 55 55 50
Shandong Qixing Shandong China 0 0 0
Various Shandong Shandong China 0 0 0
Shanxi Huaze Shanxi China 0 0 0
Shanxi Guanlu Shanxi China 33 33 33
Shanxi Taiyuan Shanxi China 15 16 29
Zhaofeng Shanxi China 3 12 12
Yangquan Shanxi China 12 17 29
Shanxi Huasheng Shanxi China 0 0 0
Shanxi Huarun Shanxi China 0 0 0
Zhenxing Shanxi China 0 8 8
Various Shanxi Shanxi China 0 0 0
Guangyuan Qimingxing Sichuan China 0 0 0
Meishan Qimingxing Sichuan China 0 0 0
Sichuan Qiya Sichuan China 0 0 3
Various Sichuan Sichuan China 0 0 0
Sichuan Qimingxing Sichuan China 0 0 0
Aba Maoxian Sichuan China 0 0 0
Aba Sichuan China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Qiya Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Shenhuo Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Jiarun Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Zhonghe Xinjiang China 23 23 23
Xinjiang Tianshan Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Xinfa Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Tianlong Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Various Xinjiang Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang East Hope Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Chalco Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Yunnan Yunnan China 40 40 47
Dongyuan Qujing Yunnan China 0 0 0
Zhaotong Yunnan China 0 0 0
Yunnan Wenshan Yunnan China 0 0 0
Yunnan Qiya Yunnan China 0 0 0
Yunnan Shenhuo Yunnan China 0 0 0
Various Yunnan Yunnan China 0 0 0
Zhejiang Huadong Zhejiang China 25 25 25
Various Zhejiang Zhejiang China 0 0 0
Identified China Projects Various China 0 0 0
Other China Various China 278 442 498
China 1813 2054 2370

Unallocated Creep China 0 0 0
Smelter Country Region

Alba Bahrain Middle East 485 500 500
Arak Iran Middle East 120 120 120
Bandar Abbas Iran Middle East 0 4 12
Hormozal Iran Middle East 0 0 0
Jajarm Iran Middle East 0 0 0
Kalco Iran Middle East 0 0 0
Salco-Asalouyeh Iran Middle East 0 0 0
Sohar Oman Middle East 0 0 0
Qatalum Qatar Middle East 0 0 0
Ma'aden Saudi Arabia Middle East 0 0 0
Seydisehir Turkey Middle East 60 60 60
Dubal UAE Middle East 270 390 390
EMAL UAE Middle East 0 0 0
Middle East 935 1074 1082

Unallocated Creep Middle East 0 0 0

Aditya India Other Asia 0 0 0
Alupuram India Other Asia 20 21 21
Angul India Other Asia 218 218 218
Belgaum India Other Asia 73 66 66
Hirakud India Other Asia 24 30 30
Jharsuguda India Other Asia 0 0 0
Korba India Other Asia 103 103 103
Mahan India Other Asia 0 0 0
Mettur India Other Asia 25 25 25
Renukoot India Other Asia 170 210 230
India 633 673 693

Unallocated Creep India 0 0 0

Ganja Azerbaijan Other Asia 0 0 0
Sumgait Azerbaijan Other Asia 60 60 60
Asahan Indonesia Other Asia 225 225 225
Hongqiao Indonesia Indonesia Other Asia 0 0 0
Kambara Japan Other Asia 20 20 20
Pavlodar Kazakhstan Other Asia 0 0 0
Mukah Malaysia Other Asia 0 0 0
Samalaju Malaysia Other Asia 0 0 0
North Korea North Korea Other Asia 20 20 20
Tursunzade Tajikistan Other Asia 517 517 517
Dak Nong Vietnam Other Asia 0 0 0
Other Asia 842 842 842

Unallocated Creep Other Asia 0 0 0
Asia 4223 4643 4987

Unallocated creep Asia 0 0 0

Bell Bay Australia Australasia 139 139 142
Boyne Island I Australia Australasia 261 261 261
Boyne Island II Australia Australasia 0 100 230
Kurri Kurri Australia Australasia 150 150 150
Point Henry Australia Australasia 180 180 180
Portland Australia Australasia 327 327 345
Tomago Australia Australasia 395 395 395
Tiwai Point New Zealand Australasia 313 313 317
Australasia 1765 1865 2020

Unallocated creep Australasia 0 0 0

Puerto Madryn Argentina Central & South America 185 185 185
Aratu Brazil Central & South America 58 58 58
Aluminio Brazil Central & South America 210 222 222
Belem Brazil Central & South America 345 345 347
Ouro Preto Brazil Central & South America 51 51 51
Pocos de Caldas Brazil Central & South America 90 90 90
Sao Luis Brazil Central & South America 357 362 362
Valesul Brazil Central & South America 92 93 93
Paranam Surinam Central & South America 30 30 30
Alcasa Venezuela Central & South America 210 210 210
Venalum Venezuela Central & South America 425 428 429
Central & South America 2053 2074 2077

Unallocated creep Central & South America 0 0 0

Inota Hungary Eastern Europe 35 35 35
Zaporozhye Ukraine Eastern Europe 110 110 110
Slatina Romania Eastern Europe 174 174 174
Konin Poland Eastern Europe 50 50 50
Ziar nad Hronom Slovakia Eastern Europe 110 110 110
Eastern Europe 479 479 479

Unallocated creep Eastern Europe 0 0 0

Bogoslovsk Russia Eastern Europe 158 158 158
Bratsk Russia Eastern Europe 850 850 876
Boguchansky Russia Eastern Europe 0 0 0
Irkutsk Russia Eastern Europe 260 260 260
Kandalaksha Russia Eastern Europe 63 66 66
Khakas Russia Eastern Europe 0 0 0
Krasnoyarsk Russia Eastern Europe 775 775 795
Nadvoitsy Russia Eastern Europe 68 68 68
Novokuznetsk Russia Eastern Europe 263 263 270
Sayanogorsk Russia Eastern Europe 323 323 332
Uralsky Russia Eastern Europe 75 80 80
Volgograd Russia Eastern Europe 141 141 141
Volkhov Russia Eastern Europe 24 24 24
Taishet Russia Eastern Europe 0 0 0
Taishet Alukom Russia Eastern Europe 0 0 0
Russia 3000 3008 3070

Unallocated creep Russia 0 0 0

Mostar Bosnia Western Europe 93 93 93
Sibenik Croatia Western Europe 75 75 75
Auzat France Western Europe 45 45 45
Dunkirk France Western Europe 215 223 228
St Jean France Western Europe 125 125 125
Lannemezan France Western Europe 45 45 45
Essen Germany Western Europe 150 150 150
Hamburg Germany Western Europe 120 120 120
Neuss Germany Western Europe 210 210 215
Voerde Germany Western Europe 85 85 85
Stade Germany Western Europe 70 70 70
Toging Germany Western Europe 5 0 0
Distomon Greece Western Europe 150 150 150
Fjardaal Iceland Western Europe 0 0 0
Grundartangi Iceland Western Europe 0 0 15
ISAL Iceland Western Europe 100 123 162
Helguvik Iceland Western Europe 0 0 0
Fusina Italy Western Europe 40 43 43
Porto Vesme Italy Western Europe 135 144 144
Podgorica Montenegro Western Europe 110 110 110
Delfzijl Netherlands Western Europe 99 99 99
Vlissingen Netherlands Western Europe 175 175 175
Ardal Norway Western Europe 186 199 199
Hoyanger Norway Western Europe 71 71 71
Husnes Norway Western Europe 103 110 112
Karmoy Norway Western Europe 231 265 267
Karmoy pilot Norway Western Europe 0 0 0
Lista Norway Western Europe 80 82 82
Mosjoen Norway Western Europe 120 122 122
Sunndal Norway Western Europe 145 145 146
Talum Slovenia Western Europe 75 75 75
Aviles Spain Western Europe 84 84 84
La Coruna Spain Western Europe 80 80 80
San Ciprian Spain Western Europe 196 196 196
Sundsvall Sweden Western Europe 99 99 99
Steg Switzerland Western Europe 27 30 35
Kinlochleven UK Western Europe 8 8 8
Holyhead UK Western Europe 130 132 135
Lochaber UK Western Europe 39 39 39
Lynemouth UK Western Europe 130 130 130
Western Europe 3851 3952 4029

Unallocated creep Western Europe 0 0 0
Europe 7330 7439 7578

Unallocated creep Europe 0 0 0

Alma Canada North America 0 0 0
Alouette Canada North America 220 224 229
Arvida Canada North America 233 232 232
Arvida AP60 Canada North America 0 0 0
Baie Comeau Canada North America 401 400 405
Beauharnois Canada North America 48 48 49
Becancour Canada North America 376 375 375
Deschambault Canada North America 216 235 235
Grande Baie Canada North America 180 180 187
Isle Maligne Canada North America 73 73 75
Kitimat Canada North America 273 272 272
Laterriere Canada North America 205 204 210
Shawinigan Canada North America 84 84 88
Canada 2308 2327 2357

Unallocated creep Canada 0 0 0

Veracruz Mexico North America 66 66 66
Mexico 66 66 66
Unallocated creep Mexico 0 0 0

Ferndale USA North America 273 279 279
Alcoa Tennessee USA North America 206 212 212
Frederick USA North America 174 174 174
Badin USA North America 116 116 116
Columbia Falls USA North America 168 168 168
Dalles USA North America 82 82 82
Goldendale USA North America 168 168 168
Longview USA North America 205 204 204
Mead USA North America 201 200 200
Rockdale USA North America 321 337 337
Vancouver USA North America 115 115 115
Hannibal USA North America 246 256 256
Hawesville USA North America 187 190 190
Massena East USA North America 123 123 123
Massena West USA North America 125 128 128
Mount Holly USA North America 206 205 205
New Madrid USA North America 216 220 220
Ravenswood USA North America 150 170 170
Sebree USA North America 180 180 186
Tacoma USA North America 74 74 74
Troutdale USA North America 121 121 121
Warrick USA North America 301 308 308
Wenatchee USA North America 221 228 228
USA 4179 4258 4264

Unallocated creep USA 0 0 0
North America 6553 6651 6687

Unallocated creep North America 0 0 0
World Capacity 22984 23811 24578

of which world ex. China 21170 21757 22208
Unallocated creep World
of which Unallocated creep world ex.China 0 0 0
Data: CRU
melter ('000tpy)
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
92 95 95 95 95 95 100 100 101

230 230 230 230 230 240 255 255 270
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
0 64 271 271 408 542 554 563 568
97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97
178 178 180 180 180 180 180 191 191
503 503 505 538 549 670 686 706 723
1300 1367 1578 1611 1759 2024 2072 2112 2150

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 54 12 12 0
0 0 0 0 0 54 12 12 0
12 12 12 25 25 35 50 52 52
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 25 55 58 58
0 0 0 0 0 54 16 12 0
32 32 32 32 33 50 55 73 75
55 55 55 55 92 130 132 137 148
0 0 50 50 40 40 60 72 72
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
84 84 88 154 210 172 166 175 304
95 95 95 95 139 235 235 280 300
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 97 97 22 28
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 8 0
0 0 0 0 47 50 80 100 103
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
107 130 130 130 137 145 145 145 153
13 13 13 16 16 45 48 73 73
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 44 4 0 18
228 235 235 235 235 235 270 400 415
0 0 6 30 50 50 50 50 75
0 0 0 30 50 50 50 75 100
0 0 0 0 24 32 32 32 35
31 31 31 41 63 62 108 113 113
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 3 10 18 63 84 98 98 132
0 0 0 0 0 68 6 0 0
10 10 10 15 15 10 12 12 12
0 13 23 55 55 55 55 55 55
0 0 0 50 200 216 338 413 558
0 9 36 50 51 80 108 125 125
53 40 108 112 176 235 251 272 342
8 8 15 30 30 100 100 105 110
40 40 40 51 65 71 90 90 133
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 78
0 10 45 60 60 141 185 197 310
0 0 0 0 0 72 72 90 136
34 40 58 80 101 101 101 101 101
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 3 44 60 60 90 204 205 235
60 60 60 81 165 190 190 279 410
40 40 43 111 115 115 125 145 145
15 15 21 44 60 60 75 75 75
46 46 46 60 60 60 49 63 63
0 10 35 54 60 60 60 60 60
52 52 52 52 52 60 60 60 60
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 23 131 122 77 77
0 0 0 0 0 0 30 143 150
46 53 53 73 73 85 120 120 120
32 32 40 48 48 48 48 52 86
9 9 8 18 20 68 75 82 82
0 0 0 0 0 89 20 0 0
0 0 0 0 25 89 110 113 189
0 0 0 0 0 64 15 17 15
115 115 115 131 165 231 260 300 315
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 5 122 250 271 391
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 100 175 210
26 27 27 44 50 56 76 139 186
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 10 54 70 110
0 0 0 0 0 13 12 12 0
0 0 0 0 0 104 29 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0
110 110 90 85 115 160 135 125 125
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 35 30 30 30
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 100 145 240 240 315 372 560 580
5 13 13 25 25 30 30 30 40
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 6 6 6 12 54 112 112 121
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
19 30 30 31 49 50 50 50 0
0 0 0 0 3 150 183 310 360
205 205 205 235 260 292 360 385 400
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 82 75 92 133
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
50 51 55 55 60 65 120 165 182
0 0 0 0 0 63 63 50 66
0 0 0 0 0 0 55 130 250
0 0 0 34 64 100 120 120 120
0 12 33 34 64 157 156 156 331
0 0 0 0 0 0 50 51 64
0 0 0 0 25 50 132 188 356
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 25 40 70 90 199 210 210 210
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 160
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 8 91 140 140 142
55 55 60 55 55 67 75 100 100
0 0 3 39 58 66 66 66 66
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 38
0 0 0 0 0 0 116 280 289
33 50 123 123 123 120 111 110 117
30 30 31 31 31 24 50 80 82
12 12 12 15 47 58 108 100 100
30 30 30 30 30 68 68 68 68
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 118 230
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 15 20 33 105 120 120 120 120
0 0 0 0 0 56 102 97 111
0 0 14 50 63 116 120 120 120
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41
13 23 23 83 133 156 175 175 175
0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 112 150 150 151
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 3 27 40 40 40 40 40
0 0 0 0 0 10 12 12 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
85 110 130 130 115 200 335 406 431
0 0 0 0 0 0 25 107 150
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 96 90 83 43
25 25 25 25 65 70 70 82 90
0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 273
513 572 670 481 1793 1012 936 367 282
2602 2842 3446 4176 6682 9032 10435 11571 14025

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
500 510 514 519 525 536 750 855 855

120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 142
20 20 25 46 55 110 110 110 110
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
60 60 60 60 60 60 65 65 65
442 536 536 536 559 675 734 787 896
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1142 1246 1255 1281 1319 1501 1779 1937 2068

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 14 14 14 14 14 0 0 0
230 230 230 230 289 339 360 360 360
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
30 30 30 35 58 65 65 75 103
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
103 103 103 103 103 103 139 301 355
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
25 30 30 30 35 37 40 40 40
242 242 252 285 324 345 357 360 364
644 649 659 697 823 903 961 1136 1222

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
225 225 225 225 225 225 255 255 255
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
842 842 842 842 842 842 872 872 886

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5229 5579 6202 6996 9666 12277 14047 15516 18201

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
151 157 160 162 167 167 174 178 178

261 261 268 274 279 283 293 295 300
230 240 244 245 246 248 251 251 251
150 150 153 153 153 156 157 164 170
180 180 185 185 185 185 185 195 195
345 345 345 345 347 353 353 353 353
440 447 455 460 460 510 515 520 525
327 335 335 335 335 341 352 352 352
2084 2115 2145 2159 2172 2243 2280 2308 2324

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
213 265 265 265 274 275 275 275 290

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 59 59
237 240 240 248 314 340 369 405 454
361 361 375 420 430 440 450 460 460
51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51
91 92 93 93 93 93 95 96 96
368 368 370 370 370 375 382 437 447
94 94 94 94 94 94 95 96 96
30 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210
430 430 430 430 430 436 440 440 440
2143 2199 2216 2239 2324 2372 2425 2529 2603

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 35 35 35 35 35 35 9 0
110 110 110 110 110 110 110 115 115
174 177 180 187 198 240 240 260 264
50 50 50 50 50 50 55 55 55
110 110 110 110 127 157 160 160 165
479 482 485 492 521 592 600 599 599

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
158 166 174 182 182 182 186 187 187

885 885 915 915 945 960 981 984 996
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
265 275 275 285 295 300 347 358 358
68 69 70 71 77 83 87 87 87
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 168
835 835 855 865 900 940 940 960 990
68 70 73 75 77 81 81 81 81
275 275 275 285 295 300 315 316 321
385 400 400 406 460 500 525 535 535
80 80 85 90 95 125 125 133 134
141 141 141 141 150 155 155 158 162
24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 11 11 11 11
3184 3220 3287 3339 3503 3661 3777 3836 4054

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
93 93 95 103 110 116 120 121 121

75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
45 48 50 50 12 0 0 0 0
232 240 245 245 250 256 257 259 259
132 132 132 135 135 135 135 135 135
45 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
150 150 150 150 150 152 152 152 170
120 125 125 125 125 132 132 132 132
215 215 215 215 215 223 225 226 228
85 85 85 85 90 93 93 93 93
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
159 160 161 162 163 166 166 166 166
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56
60 60 77 90 90 90 90 157 229
162 162 168 174 176 176 179 179 179
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
43 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44
144 144 146 146 146 151 151 151 151
110 110 110 114 125 125 125 125 125
99 100 108 108 108 108 116 116 116
185 190 192 198 204 224 224 224 224
202 202 202 206 214 222 233 233 204
71 71 71 73 74 77 77 60 55
115 120 124 135 168 168 168 168 168
270 270 270 270 270 278 278 288 294
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
83 83 90 91 92 94 94 94 94
122 122 122 122 155 189 189 189 189
153 153 156 160 231 306 362 362 365
75 75 75 80 117 117 120 120 115
84 84 87 88 88 89 89 90 90
80 80 81 82 85 85 85 85 85
196 196 202 208 208 222 222 225 225
99 100 100 100 100 100 103 103 103
35 35 36 40 43 44 44 44 0
8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
135 142 145 145 145 145 145 145 145
39 40 40 40 42 42 43 43 47
130 160 160 164 168 169 178 178 178
4121 4190 4259 4343 4538 4733 4834 4902 4911

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7784 7892 8031 8174 8562 8986 9210 9336 9564

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 20 272 400 400 405 408 415 415

234 239 245 245 245 245 478 573 575
232 246 248 248 253 197 164 166 166
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
410 415 420 437 437 438 438 438 438
49 49 50 50 50 51 52 52 52
385 390 395 410 410 410 410 410 410
242 242 242 242 246 254 254 254 254
196 196 196 196 196 196 203 207 207
56 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
272 275 277 277 277 277 277 277 277
210 220 220 220 220 220 226 228 228
88 91 91 91 91 93 97 99 99
2374 2394 2656 2816 2825 2786 3007 3119 3121

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
66 66 66 66 66 16 0 0 0
66 66 66 66 66 16 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
283 283 283 283 283 283 283 283 283

212 212 212 212 212 215 219 219 219
180 186 192 192 192 195 195 195 195
116 118 120 120 120 120 120 60 60
168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168
204 204 204 204 204 0 0 0 0
200 200 200 200 200 0 0 0 0
337 337 340 264 264 267 267 267 267
115 115 115 115 115 115 115 57 0
256 256 260 260 270 270 270 270 270
215 240 240 243 244 244 246 246 246
123 123 125 125 125 125 125 125 125
129 129 130 130 130 130 130 130 130
211 211 212 220 221 224 224 229 229
220 220 234 243 253 253 253 253 259
170 170 170 173 173 173 173 173 173
186 196 196 196 196 196 196 196 196
74 74 74 0 0 0 0 0 0
121 121 121 0 0 0 0 0 0
308 308 309 309 309 309 309 309 309
228 228 228 228 228 184 184 184 184
4306 4349 4383 4135 4157 3721 3727 3614 3563

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6746 6809 7105 7017 7048 6523 6734 6733 6684

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
25286 25961 27277 28196 31531 34425 36768 38534 41524

22685 23119 23831 24020 24849 25394 26332 26963 27499
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

278 285 306 320 320 320 320 320 320
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
568 568 568 568 568 568 568 568 572
97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 0
191 191 191 191 191 191 191 191 99
723 723 723 723 723 723 723 723 723
2157 2164 2185 2199 2199 2199 2199 2199 2014

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1006 1006 1006 1006 1006 1006 1006 1006 1006
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358 455 455 402 413 413 413 410 410
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1008 1008 1008 1008 1008 1008 1008 1008 1013
81 81 81 81 81 81 81 25 24
321 322 322 322 322 322 215 215 215
542 542 542 542 542 542 542 542 542
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28588 29193 30407 31350 31874 33056 33458 33189 32755
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2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

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100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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38 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
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165 165 165 165 100 0 0 0 0
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630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630
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1484 1640 1640 1640 1640 1640 1640 1640 1640
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1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010
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250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
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990 1100 1550 1550 1550 1550 1550 1550 1550

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36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
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0 0 0 0 0 175 300 300 300
397 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
625 625 630 630 630 630 630 630 630
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82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
1100 1130 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150
1420 1420 1420 1420 1420 1420 1420 1420 1420
5895 6038 6513 6513 6513 6688 6963 7163 7163

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
359 359 359 359 359 359 359 359 359

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359 359 359 359 359 359 359 359 359
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408 408 408 408 408 408 408 408 408
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275 290 300 300 300 300 300 500 500
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120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
640 640 640 640 640 640 960 960 960
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517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 49 100 202 256 261 264
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200

314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314
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297 297 297 297 297 297 297 297 297
1013 1013 1013 1013 1013 1013 1013 1013 1013
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215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215
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210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210
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190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190
19 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96
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406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406
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480 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

629 630 630 630 630 1060 1060 1060 1060
176 176 176 176 176 176 176 0 0
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184 184 184 184 184 184 184 184 184
1840 1840 1840 1840 1840 1840 1840 1840 1840

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5146 5194 5204 5205 5205 5755 5895 5859 5859

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
77757 81122 82530 84538 85936 87556 89540 90493 90897

32555 32826 33409 33865 34427 35345 36475 37073 37125
0 0 0 83 169 344 438 448 452
0 0 0 34 70 141 181 187 188
2026 2027
100 100
320 320 Back to
200 200 contents
600 600
0 0
0 0
723 723
1943 1943
0 0
0 0
110 110
114 114
340 340
158 158
0 0
150 150
0 0
360 360
1350 1350
450 450
550 550
100 100
100 100
0 0
200 200
400 400
200 200
320 320
500 500
0 0
75 75
300 300
300 300
200 200
300 300
1250 1500
0 0
0 0
150 150
135 135
100 100
375 375
223 223
0 0
500 500
100 100
0 0
0 0
0 0
635 635
0 0
450 450
243 243
136 136
100 100
500 500
140 140
88 88
0 0
230 230
618 618
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
240 240
0 0
0 0
105 105
38 38
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
550 550
800 800
380 380
850 850
500 500
510 510
0 0
287 287
1550 1550
800 800
0 0
750 750
450 450
350 350
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
860 860
0 0
0 0
0 0
440 440
0 0
600 600
330 330
200 200
500 500
0 0
310 310
420 420
560 560
450 450
0 0
230 230
100 100
0 0
300 300
630 630
0 0
90 90
1540 1540
200 200
856 856
0 0
675 675
3650 3650
1270 1270
630 630
1640 1640
640 640
210 210
480 480
1010 1010
0 0
0 0
140 140
0 0
424 424
0 0
100 100
220 220
0 0
240 240
500 500
0 0
70 70
120 120
130 130
0 0
0 0
130 130
0 0
200 200
900 900
800 800
800 800
180 180
1200 1200
1900 1900
250 250
0 0
1885 1885
0 0
1288 1288
387 387
700 700
500 500
350 350
900 900
14 14
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
54240 54495
381 386
1550 1550
230 230
110 110
147 147
36 36
350 350
300 300
400 400
630 630
758 758
82 82
1150 1150
1420 1420
7163 7163
0 0
359 359
0 0
520 520
0 0
213 213
1750 1750
594 594
359 359
0 0
408 408
4203 4203
0 0
100 100
60 60
500 500
500 500
0 0
520 520
120 120
960 960
20 20
517 517
450 450
3747 3747
0 0
69353 69608
381 386
200 200
314 314
270 270
0 0
0 0
358 358
600 600
366 366
2108 2108
0 0
455 455
0 0
475 475
460 460
0 0
0 0
447 447
0 0
0 0
170 170
440 440
2447 2447
0 0
0 0
0 0
270 270
0 0
165 165
435 435
0 0
0 0
1006 1006
298 298
413 413
76 76
297 297
1013 1013
25 25
215 215
542 542
0 0
0 0
0 0
984 984
0 0
4868 4868
0 0
130 130
0 0
0 0
284 284
145 145
0 0
170 170
132 132
235 235
95 95
0 0
0 0
185 185
370 370
345 345
210 210
0 0
0 0
151 151
61 61
121 121
0 0
205 205
63 63
190 190
190 190
75 75
96 96
190 190
406 406
84 84
93 93
88 88
230 230
128 128
0 0
0 0
0 0
49 49
0 0
4721 4721
0 0
10024 10024
0 0
500 500
1060 1060
0 0
460 460
306 306
0 0
460 460
286 286
250 250
0 0
437 437
260 260
0 0
4019 4019
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
283 283
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
252 252
0 0
130 130
231 231
276 276
0 0
215 215
0 0
0 0
269 269
184 184
1840 1840
0 0
5859 5859
0 0
91807 92062
37567 37567
454 460
74 74
Table S.12: Annual estimates and forecasts of smelting capacity by country ('000tpy)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Argentina 265 265 265 274 275 275

Australia 1780 1810 1824 1837 1902 1928
Azerbaijian 60 60 60 60 60 60
Bahrain 510 514 519 525 536 750
Bosnia 93 95 103 110 116 120
Brazil 1264 1281 1334 1410 1451 1500
Cameroon 95 95 95 95 95 100
Canada 2394 2656 2816 2825 2786 3007
China 2842 3446 4176 6682 9032 10435
Croatia 75 75 75 75 75 75
Egypt 230 230 230 230 240 255
France 470 477 480 447 441 442
Germany 645 645 645 650 670 672
Ghana 200 200 200 200 200 200
Greece 160 161 162 163 166 166
Hungary 35 35 35 35 35 35
Iceland 222 245 264 266 266 269
India 649 659 697 823 903 961
Indonesia 225 225 225 225 225 255
Iran 140 145 166 175 230 230
Italy 188 190 190 190 195 195
Japan 20 20 20 20 20 20
Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mexico 66 66 66 66 16 0
Montenegro 110 110 114 125 125 125
Mozambique 64 271 271 408 542 554
N. Korea 20 20 20 20 20 20
Netherlands 290 300 306 312 332 340
New Zealand 335 335 335 335 341 352
Nigeria 97 97 97 97 97 97
Norway 1021 1035 1057 1204 1334 1401
Oman 0 0 0 0 0 0
Poland 50 50 50 50 50 55
Qatar 0 0 0 0 0 0
Romania 177 180 187 198 240 240
Russia 3220 3287 3339 3503 3661 3777
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovakia 110 110 110 127 157 160
Slovenia 75 75 80 117 117 120
South Africa 681 685 718 729 850 866
Spain 360 370 378 381 396 396
Suriname 30 30 0 0 0 0
Sweden 100 100 100 100 100 103
Switzerland 35 36 40 43 44 44
Tajikistan 517 517 517 517 517 517
Turkey 60 60 60 60 60 65
UAE 536 536 536 559 675 734
UK 346 345 349 355 356 366
Ukraine 110 110 110 110 110 110
USA 4349 4383 4135 4157 3721 3727
Venezuela 640 640 640 640 646 650
Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0 0
North America 6809 7105 7017 7048 6523 6734

Central & South America 2199 2216 2239 2324 2372 2425
Europe 7892 8031 8174 8562 8986 9210
Africa 1367 1578 1611 1759 2024 2072
Asia 5579 6202 6996 9666 12277 14047
Australasia 2115 2145 2159 2172 2243 2280
World ex. China 23119 23831 24020 24849 25394 26332
World 25961 27277 28196 31531 34425 36768
Notes: (1) Production in China, India, Canada, US and Russia includes creep while other countries do not
0
0
75
try ('000tpy)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
275 290 401 410 415 455 455 455 455

1956 1972 1980 1992 2001 2015 2015 2036 2060
60 60 60 60 60 83 111 115 123
855 855 870 870 870 883 895 922 922
121 121 130 130 130 130 130 130 130
1604 1663 1684 1684 1684 1684 1684 1684 1684
100 101 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
3119 3121 3189 3174 3194 3036 3035 3080 2973
11571 14025 16611 19041 21949 23255 26160 29523 34341
75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 0
255 270 278 285 306 320 320 320 320
444 444 444 449 450 453 404 404 412
673 623 623 630 630 630 630 630 630
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
166 166 166 166 166 166 166 175 175
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
336 464 784 808 810 812 823 847 849
1136 1222 1375 1661 1872 2641 3251 3475 3912
255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 260
230 252 275 308 400 465 487 487 487
195 195 195 195 195 195 195 184 151
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
0 14 105 140 250 250 250 250 250
0 0 0 25 75 120 165 383 440
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
125 125 127 127 127 127 127 127 127
563 568 568 568 568 568 568 568 568
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
340 340 345 345 345 345 345 271 121
352 352 352 352 365 365 365 365 365
97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97
1394 1369 1399 1327 1286 1305 1318 1318 1318
0 0 92 360 367 373 378 385 391
55 55 55 55 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 9 387 597 604 607 610
260 264 270 270 270 270 270 270 270
3836 4054 4223 4310 4252 4199 4210 4210 4068
0 0 0 0 0 0 120 678 740
160 165 165 165 165 165 165 165 165
120 115 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
897 914 914 914 914 914 914 914 914
400 400 408 408 408 408 411 411 411
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
103 103 103 122 128 128 128 128 128
44 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517
65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 75
787 896 956 985 1461 1775 1819 1942 2387
366 370 370 370 373 298 228 228 228
115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115
3614 3563 3485 3321 3321 3028 2740 2748 2577
650 650 650 650 612 600 600 600 610
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6733 6684 6674 6495 6515 6064 5775 5827 5550

2529 2603 2735 2744 2712 2739 2739 2739 2749
9336 9564 10080 10150 10009 9905 9823 9770 9381
2112 2150 2157 2164 2185 2199 2199 2199 2199
15516 18201 21222 24336 28569 31319 35118 39643 45495
2308 2324 2332 2344 2366 2380 2380 2401 2425
26963 27499 28588 29193 30407 31350 31874 33056 33458
38534 41524 45199 48234 52356 54605 58034 62579 67799
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
455 455 455 455 455 455 455 455 455

1717 1732 1737 1737 1737 1737 1740 1742 1742
160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160
960 970 990 1100 1550 1550 1550 1550 1550
130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130
1588 1382 1382 1382 1382 1382 1382 1382 1382
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
3086 3332 3306 3354 3364 3365 3365 3915 4055
38112 41508 45203 48296 49122 50673 51508 52211 53065
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320
427 427 429 429 429 429 429 429 429
632 632 632 632 632 632 632 632 632
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
182 182 185 185 185 185 185 185 185
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
861 870 883 891 905 915 925 925 925
4143 4143 4143 4143 4143 4143 4143 4203 4203
260 260 275 290 300 650 800 800 800
487 515 523 523 523 523 523 698 973
151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
250 250 250 250 250 250 430 520 520
570 760 760 760 760 760 760 760 1080
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
127 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61
568 572 572 572 575 580 585 595 600
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121
365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365
97 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1333 1334 1353 1409 1409 1415 1415 1415 1415
393 395 397 400 400 400 400 400 400
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
620 625 625 625 630 630 630 630 630
270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270
3901 3871 3874 3876 3876 3876 4025 3884 4184
758 758 758 758 758 758 758 758 758
165 165 165 165 165 165 165 165 165
84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
914 822 723 723 723 723 723 723 723
411 411 411 411 411 411 411 411 411
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517
75 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
2421 2470 2520 2550 2570 2570 2570 2570 2570
47 48 48 48 49 49 49 49 49
115 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2452 1940 1840 1840 1840 1840 1840 1840 1840
610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610
0 0 0 0 70 120 150 250 300
5538 5272 5146 5194 5204 5205 5205 5755 5895

2653 2447 2447 2447 2447 2447 2447 2447 2447
9084 8999 8924 8990 9005 9021 9180 9039 9339
2199 2014 1915 1915 1918 1923 1928 1938 1943
49745 53433 57223 60474 61855 63806 65001 66129 67628
2082 2097 2102 2102 2102 2102 2105 2107 2107
33189 32755 32555 32826 33409 33865 34427 35345 36475
71301 74263 77757 81122 82530 84538 85936 87556 89540
2024 2025 2026 2027
455 455 455 455

1742 1742 1742 1742 Back to
160 160 160 160 contents
1550 1550 1550 1550
130 130 130 130
1382 1382 1382 1382
100 100 100 100
4019 4019 4019 4019
53419 53773 54240 54495
0 0 0 0
320 320 320 320
429 429 429 429
632 632 632 632
200 200 200 200
185 185 185 185
0 0 0 0
925 925 925 925
4203 4203 4203 4203
1000 1000 1000 1000
1173 1173 1173 1173
151 151 151 151
0 0 0 0
520 520 520 520
1080 1080 1080 1080
0 0 0 0
61 61 61 61
600 600 600 600
20 20 20 20
121 121 121 121
365 365 366 366
0 0 0 0
1415 1415 1415 1415
400 400 400 400
0 0 0 0
630 630 630 630
270 270 270 270
4313 4313 4868 4868
758 758 758 758
165 165 165 165
84 84 84 84
723 723 723 723
411 411 411 411
0 0 0 0
128 128 128 128
0 0 0 0
517 517 517 517
82 82 82 82
2570 2570 2570 2570
49 49 49 49
0 0 0 0
1840 1840 1840 1840
610 610 610 610
400 450 450 450
5859 5859 5859 5859

2447 2447 2447 2447
9467 9467 10024 10024
1943 1943 1943 1943
68482 68886 69353 69608
2107 2107 2108 2108
37073 37125 37682 37682
90493 90897 91922 92177
Table S.13: Annual estimates, forecasts of world smelting production by smelter ('000tpy)
Smelter Country Region 1996 1997 1998
Edea Cameroon Africa 85 86 81

Nag Hammadi Egypt Africa 181 181 187
Valco Ghana Africa 137 165 65
Mozal Mozambique Africa 0 0 0
Ikot Abasi Nigeria Africa 0 2 31
Bayside South Africa Africa 172 171 175
Hillside South Africa Africa 440 501 504
Africa 1015 1106 1043

Disruption Factor Africa 0 0 0
Unallocated closures Africa 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep Africa 0 0 0
Smelter Province Country

Chongqing Dalang Chongqing China 0 0 0
Chongqing Zhengyang Chongqing China 0 0 0
Chongqing Dongsheng Chongqing China 0 0 11
Chongqing Qineng Chongqing China 0 0 0
Chongqing Tiantai Chongqing China 0 0 0
Various Chongqing Chongqing China 0 0 0
Fujian Nanping Fujian China 0 0 31
Baiyin Gansu China 60 41 50
Gansu Longxi Gansu China 0 0 0
Gansu Jiayuguan Gansu China 0 0 0
Lanzhou Gansu China 72 81 85
Liancheng Gansu China 80 92 93
Gansu Zhongrui Gansu China 0 0 0
Lintao Gansu China 0 0 0
Desheng Guangxi China 0 0 24
Baise Yinhai Guangxi China 0 0 0
Guangxi Hualei Guangxi China 0 0 0
Guangxi Suyuan Guangxi China 0 0 0
Jingxi Xinfa Guangxi China 0 0 0
Laibin Guangxi China 0 0 0
Pingguo Guangxi China 56 103 103
Guangxi Longlin Guangxi China 0 0 13
Baise Mining Guangxi China 0 0 0
Baise Mining Debao Guangxi China 0 0 0
Baise Mining Longlin Guangxi China 0 0 0
Baise Mining Tianlin Guangxi China 0 0 0
Fangchenggang Guangxi China 0 0 0
Various Guangxi Guangxi China 0 0 0
Guizhou Guizhou China 160 169 195
Liupanshui Guizhou China 0 0 0
Anshun Huangguoshu Guizhou China 0 0 0
Guizhou Tongzi Guizhou China 0 0 0
Zunyi Guizhou China 14 14 32
Guizhou Xingren Guizhou China 0 0 0
Guizhou Xingyi Guizhou China 0 0 0
Guizhou Huaren Guizhou China 0 0 0
Various Guizhou Guizhou China 0 0 0
Various Hebei Hebei China 0 0 0
Various Heilongjiang Heilongjiang China 0 0 21
Zhengzhou Longxiang Henan China 0 0 0
Yugang Longquan Henan China 0 0 0
Mianchi Henan China 0 0 0
Jiaozuo Wanfang Henan China 47 47 48
Linzhou Henan China 0 0 7
Dengfeng Henan China 16 18 22
Zhengzhou Faxiang Henan China 0 0 0
Zhongfu Henan China 0 0 0
Qingyang Qin'ao Henan China 0 0 0
Sanmenxia Tianyuan Henan China 34 34 35
Shenhuo Shangqiu Henan China 0 0 0
Shenhuo Henan China 0 0 0
Wanji Henan China 0 0 19
Shangdian Henan China 26 28 29
Henan Xichuan Henan China 15 15 15
Xinwang Henan China 12 14 30
Gongyi Henan China 0 0 0
Zhengzhou Henan China 45 34 35
Hengkang Henan China 0 0 0
Various Henan Henan China 0 0 0
Yichang Changjiang Hubei China 0 0 0
Danjiangkou Hubei China 20 21 23
Hubei Qianjiang Hubei China 0 9 34
Yangxin Hongjun Hubei China 0 0 8
Various Hubei Hubei China 0 0 0
Chuangyuan Hunan China 0 0 0
Various Hunan Hunan China 0 0 0
Baotou Inner Mongolia China 75 90 114
Huolinguole Chuangyuan Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Zhaqi Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Baotou East Hope Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Guyang East Hope Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Huomei Hongjun Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Tongshun Inner Mongolia China 0 0 23
Tuoketuo Datang Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Jinlian Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Baiyinhua Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Yiminhe Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Baotou Huayun Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Mengtai Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Qianhengda Inner Mongolia China 0 0 0
Datun Jiangsu China 0 0 0
Various Jiangsu Jiangsu China 0 0 0
Various Jilin Jilin China 0 0 0
Various Jiangxi Jiangxi China 0 0 0
Fushun Liaoning China 111 112 110
Liaoning Yingkou Liaoning China 0 0 0
Various Liaoning Liaoning China 0 0 0
Ningxia Chalco Ningxia China 0 0 0
Ningxia Zhongning Ningxia China 0 0 0
Qingtongxia Ningxia China 100 102 102
Ningxia Qinyi Ningxia China 0 0 0
Ningdong Ningxia China 0 0 0
Ningxia Jinning Ningxia China 0 0 0
Baihe Qinghai China 0 0 6
Baihe Recycling Qinghai China 0 0 0
Changqing Qinghai China 0 0 14
Qiaotou Qinghai China 0 0 0
Qinghai Qinghai China 112 160 196
Qinghai Xinye Qinghai China 0 0 0
Qinghai Minhe Qinghai China 0 0 0
Qinghai Sanmenxia Qinghai China 0 0 0
Qinghai Xinheng Hydro Qinghai China 0 0 0
Qinghai Wuchan Qinghai China 0 0 0
Various Qinghai Qinghai China 0 0 0
Shaanxi Meixin Shaanxi China 0 0 0
Shaanxi Yulin Shaanxi China 0 0 0
Tongchuan Shaanxi China 25 35 46
Various Shaanxi Shaanxi China 0 0 0
Xinyuan Shandong China 0 0 0
Linyi Huayu Shandong China 0 0 0
Nanshan Shandong China 0 0 0
Taishan Taian Shandong China 0 0 0
Weiqiao Town Shandong China 0 0 0
Zouping Shandong China 0 0 0
Binzhou Shandong China 0 0 0
Yangxin Shandong China 0 0 0
Huimin Shandong China 0 0 0
Zhanhua Shandong China 0 0 0
Huaxin Shandong China 0 0 0
Xinfa Huayuan Shandong China 0 0 0
Beihai Shandong China 0 0 0
Yankuang Shandong China 0 0 0
Shandong Chalco Shandong China 40 35 35
Shandong Qixing Shandong China 0 0 0
Various Shandong Shandong China 0 0 0
Shanxi Huaze Shanxi China 0 0 0
Shanxi Guanlu Shanxi China 33 33 33
Shanxi Taiyuan Shanxi China 0 0 15
Zhaofeng Shanxi China 3 5 6
Yangquan Shanxi China 0 0 27
Shanxi Huasheng Shanxi China 0 0 0
Shanxi Huarun Shanxi China 0 0 0
Zhenxing Shanxi China 0 5 8
Various Shanxi Shanxi China 0 0 0
Guangyuan Qimingxing Sichuan China 0 0 0
Meishan Qimingxing Sichuan China 0 0 0
Sichuan Qiya Sichuan China 0 0 2
Various Sichuan Sichuan China 0 0 0
Sichuan Qimingxing Sichuan China 0 0 0
Aba Maoxian Sichuan China 0 0 0
Aba Sichuan China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Qiya Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Shenhuo Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Jiarun Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Zhonghe Xinjiang China 0 0 23
Xinjiang Tianshan Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Xinfa Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Tianlong Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Various Xinjiang Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang East Hope Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Xinjiang Chalco Xinjiang China 0 0 0
Yunnan Yunnan China 41 41 44
Dongyuan Qujing Yunnan China 0 0 0
Zhaotong Yunnan China 0 0 0
Yunnan Wenshan Yunnan China 0 0 0
Yunnan Qiya Yunnan China 0 0 0
Yunnan Shenhuo Yunnan China 0 0 0
Various Yunnan Yunnan China 0 0 0
Zhejiang Huadong Zhejiang China 25 25 25
Various Zhejiang Zhejiang China 0 0 0
Identified China Projects Various China 0 0 0
Other China Various China 309 419 376
China 1531 1782 2168

Disruption Factor China 0 0 0
Unallocated closures China 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep China 0 0 0

Alba Bahrain Middle East 461 494 496
Arak Iran Middle East 95 95 105
Bandar Abbas Iran Middle East 0 3 12
Hormozal Iran Middle East 0 0 0
Jajarm Iran Middle East 0 0 0
Kalco Iran Middle East 0 0 0
Salco-Asalouyeh Iran Middle East 0 0 0
Sohar Oman Middle East 0 0 0
Qatalum Qatar Middle East 0 0 0
Ma'aden Saudi Arabia Middle East 0 0 0
Seydisehir Turkey Middle East 62 62 62
Dubal UAE Middle East 275 397 402
EMAL UAE Middle East 0 0 0
Middle East 893 1051 1076

Disruption Factor Middle East 0 0 0
Unallocated closures Middle East 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep Middle East 0 0 0

Aditya India Other Asia 0 0 0
Alupuram India Other Asia 6 13 13
Angul India Other Asia 193 199 144
Belgaum India Other Asia 6 0 0
Hirakud India Other Asia 21 28 29
Jharsuguda India Other Asia 0 0 0
Korba India Other Asia 93 89 94
Mahan India Other Asia 0 0 0
Mettur India Other Asia 16 25 26
Renukoot India Other Asia 161 194 233
India 496 546 538

Disruption Factor India 0 0 0
Unallocated closures India 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep India 0 0 0

Ganja Azerbaijan Other Asia 0 0 0
Sumgait Azerbaijan Other Asia 5 10 0
Asahan Indonesia Other Asia 219 207 133
Hongqiao Indonesia Indonesia Other Asia 0 0 0
Kambara Japan Other Asia 17 17 16
Pavlodar Kazakhstan Other Asia 0 0 0
Mukah Malaysia Other Asia 0 0 0
Samalaju Malaysia Other Asia 0 0 0
North Korea North Korea Other Asia 20 20 20
Tursunzade Tajikistan Other Asia 198 189 196
Dak Nong Vietnam Other Asia 0 0 0
Other Asia 459 443 365

Disruption Factor Other Asia 0 0 0
Unallocated closures Other Asia 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep Other Asia 0 0 0
Total Asia 3379 3822 4148

of which disruptions 0 0 0
of which unallocated closures 0 0 0
of which unallocated creep 0 0 0

Bell Bay Australia Australasia 121 138 142
Boyne Island I Australia Australasia 261 258 259
Boyne Island II Australia Australasia 0 88 217
Kurri Kurri Australia Australasia 150 151 152
Point Henry Australia Australasia 154 158 152
Portland Australia Australasia 298 295 307
Tomago Australia Australasia 387 406 387
Tiwai Point New Zealand Australasia 285 310 319
Australasia 1656 1804 1934

Disruption Factor Australasia 0 0 0
Unallocated closures Australasia 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep Australia 0 0 0

Puerto Madryn Argentina Central & South America 186 184 184
Aratu Brazil Central & South America 51 46 54
Aluminio Brazil Central & South America 214 221 221
Belem Brazil Central & South America 341 339 344
Ouro Preto Brazil Central & South America 42 48 49
Pocos de Caldas Brazil Central & South America 91 90 91
Sao Luis Brazil Central & South America 365 353 354
Valesul Brazil Central & South America 91 93 95
Paranam Surinam Central & South America 30 31 29
Alcasa Venezuela Central & South America 205 216 205
Venalum Venezuela Central & South America 426 429 385
Central & South America 2043 2049 2010

Disruption Factor C&S America 0 0 0
Unallocated closures C&S America 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep C&S America 0 0 0

Inota Hungary Eastern Europe 32 33 33
Zaporozhye Ukraine Eastern Europe 97 101 107
Slatina Romania Eastern Europe 142 162 173
Konin Poland Eastern Europe 50 50 52
Ziar nad Hronom Slovakia Eastern Europe 110 110 115
Eastern Europe 334 355 373

Disruption Factor E.Europe ex-Russia 0 0 0
Unallocated closures E.Europe ex-Russia 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep E.Europe ex-Russia 0 0 0

Bogoslovsk Russia Eastern Europe 147 147 157
Bratsk Russia Eastern Europe 783 800 844
Boguchansky Russia Eastern Europe 0 0 0
Irkutsk Russia Eastern Europe 251 253 256
Kandalaksha Russia Eastern Europe 60 66 66
Khakas Russia Eastern Europe 0 0 0
Krasnoyarsk Russia Eastern Europe 775 787 802
Nadvoitsy Russia Eastern Europe 66 56 60
Novokuznetsk Russia Eastern Europe 265 263 269
Sayanogorsk Russia Eastern Europe 327 327 330
Uralsky Russia Eastern Europe 62 78 82
Volgograd Russia Eastern Europe 120 120 128
Volkhov Russia Eastern Europe 17 10 12
Taishet Alukom Russia Eastern Europe 0 0 0
Taishet Russia Eastern Europe 0 0 0
Russia 2970 3007 3111

Disruption Factor Russia 0 0 0
Unallocated Closures Russia 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep Russia 0 0 0

Mostar Bosnia Western Europe 0 6 28
Sibenik Croatia Western Europe 0 0 0
Auzat France Western Europe 35 36 36
Dunkirk France Western Europe 198 210 230
St Jean France Western Europe 112 114 124
Lannemezan France Western Europe 35 36 37
Essen Germany Western Europe 95 94 127
Hamburg Germany Western Europe 120 120 120
Neuss Germany Western Europe 207 209 214
Voerde Germany Western Europe 81 82 84
Stade Germany Western Europe 68 67 69
Toging Germany Western Europe 5 0 0
Distomon Greece Western Europe 131 133 146
Fjardaal Iceland Western Europe 0 0 0
Grundartangi Iceland Western Europe 0 0 10
ISAL Iceland Western Europe 103 123 162
Helguvik Iceland Western Europe 0 0 0
Fusina Italy Western Europe 42 43 43
Porto Vesme Italy Western Europe 142 145 144
Podgorica Montenegro Western Europe 51 81 77
Delfzijl Netherlands Western Europe 92 95 99
Vlissingen Netherlands Western Europe 135 137 164
Ardal Norway Western Europe 170 182 196
Hoyanger Norway Western Europe 58 61 70
Husnes Norway Western Europe 90 107 113
Karmoy Norway Western Europe 206 226 267
Karmoy pilot Norway Western Europe 0 0 0
Lista Norway Western Europe 81 81 81
Mosjoen Norway Western Europe 121 121 120
Sunndal Norway Western Europe 137 142 146
Talum Slovenia Western Europe 75 75 75
Aviles Spain Western Europe 84 84 84
La Coruna Spain Western Europe 80 80 80
San Ciprian Spain Western Europe 198 196 196
Sundsvall Sweden Western Europe 98 98 95
Steg Switzerland Western Europe 27 27 32
Kinlochleven UK Western Europe 8 8 8
Holyhead UK Western Europe 131 132 136
Lochaber UK Western Europe 37 39 40
Lynemouth UK Western Europe 65 69 78
Western Europe 3318 3459 3732

Disruption Factor Western Europe 0 0 0
Unallocated closures Western Europe 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep Western Europe 0 0 0
Total Europe 6622 6820 7216

of which disruptions 0 0 0
of which unallocated closures 0 0 0
of which unallocated creep 0 0 0

Alma Canada North America 0 0 0
Alouette Canada North America 219 225 230
Arvida Canada North America 234 234 235
Arvida AP60 Canada North America 0 0 0
Baie Comeau Canada North America 402 403 405
Beauharnois Canada North America 48 48 42
Becancour Canada North America 375 376 381
Deschambault Canada North America 215 236 236
Grande Baie Canada North America 182 181 189
Isle Maligne Canada North America 74 73 76
Kitimat Canada North America 250 263 275
Laterriere Canada North America 202 205 217
Shawinigan Canada North America 85 85 89
Canada 2285 2328 2373

Disruption Factor Canada 0 0 0
Unallocated closures Canada 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep Canada 0 0 0

Veracruz Mexico North America 64 67 65
Mexico 64 67 65
Disruption Factor Mexico 0 0 0
Unallocated closures Mexico 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep Mexico 0 0 0

Ferndale USA North America 273 280 279
Alcoa Tennessee USA North America 160 160 157
Frederick USA North America 174 174 173
Badin USA North America 58 59 58
Columbia Falls USA North America 169 168 168
Dalles USA North America 82 82 82
Goldendale USA North America 168 159 156
Longview USA North America 163 157 200
Mead USA North America 213 211 206
Rockdale USA North America 195 206 206
Vancouver USA North America 116 115 115
Hannibal USA North America 246 257 257
Hawesville USA North America 187 190 192
Massena East USA North America 87 82 100
Massena West USA North America 126 128 128
Mount Holly USA North America 207 206 205
New Madrid USA North America 220 219 220
Ravenswood USA North America 150 170 170
Sebree USA North America 125 122 128
Tacoma USA North America 74 74 69
Troutdale USA North America 0 0 53
Warrick USA North America 260 264 264
Wenatchee USA North America 120 121 125
USA 3575 3603 3713

Disruption Factor USA 0 0 0
Unallocated closures USA 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep USA 0 0 0
Total North America 5924 5998 6151

Disruption Factor North America 0 0 0
Unallocated closures North America 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep North America 0 0 0
World 20639 21599 22502

Disruption Factor World 0 0 0
Unallocated closures World 0 0 0
Unallocated Creep World 0 0 0
of which world ex. China 19108 19817 20333
Data: CRU
y smelter ('000tpy)
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
91 94 91 70 72 85 86 88 76
193 187 197 198 195 213 251 254 266
118 158 148 131 15 0 11 65 11
0 64 270 268 408 548 554 563 562
16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
179 179 176 177 187 183 161 191 191
498 497 487 528 551 680 690 704 709
1095 1178 1369 1372 1428 1710 1753 1864 1815

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 45 11 5 0
0 0 0 0 0 45 11 5 0
13 0 0 23 22 29 37 46 52
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 4 48 57 58
0 0 0 0 0 23 14 5 0
32 25 25 32 26 47 52 63 75
56 56 56 56 94 128 128 131 131
0 0 51 53 25 27 46 51 67
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
86 86 88 158 208 156 166 172 257
96 93 93 96 139 149 219 265 276
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 27 95 18 26
25 20 20 20 21 18 17 2 0
0 0 0 0 40 50 55 68 100
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
110 129 134 137 139 113 140 136 151
13 0 13 16 13 20 32 37 58
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 13 1 0 13
227 238 242 245 233 230 232 361 411
0 0 0 30 37 41 44 33 40
0 0 0 30 37 43 37 34 44
0 0 0 0 12 29 24 29 27
32 32 31 40 59 61 57 76 110
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 16 38 25 97 85 107
0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0
0 0 0 5 7 6 10 6 6
0 11 22 54 55 55 52 54 43
0 0 0 52 208 204 305 408 545
0 6 37 53 54 82 90 76 120
52 43 111 111 163 226 207 235 329
0 8 0 20 22 70 70 75 110
28 23 32 49 63 59 58 65 122
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62
0 9 43 52 57 122 165 183 304
0 0 0 0 0 42 39 0 126
36 40 60 79 101 100 91 94 99
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 2 41 61 62 62 168 206 230
53 61 61 81 131 185 178 237 400
25 26 43 110 113 117 120 129 145
16 16 18 42 49 57 46 57 65
32 34 47 61 60 47 45 44 48
0 9 23 57 58 56 56 56 57
36 35 56 58 57 58 52 41 58
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 15 49 114 58 62
0 0 0 0 0 0 21 62 122
42 53 53 68 73 85 104 102 100
33 33 35 49 49 38 46 48 83
0 0 7 15 17 36 74 84 82
0 0 0 0 0 23 20 0 0
0 0 0 0 20 83 76 101 170
0 0 0 0 0 16 14 16 14
117 118 119 136 164 228 256 282 314
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 4 92 145 218 323
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 55 128 200
27 0 20 40 40 53 52 52 154
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 2 45 60 97
0 0 0 0 0 4 12 3 0
0 0 0 0 0 49 3 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
86 106 90 82 113 163 127 109 119
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 16 29 11 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
102 105 145 237 242 248 353 557 575
4 10 12 23 24 27 5 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 11 11 48 92 97 109
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
19 32 33 34 48 47 31 8 0
0 0 0 0 3 124 160 291 339
205 206 208 240 269 286 354 382 393
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 32 69 45 114
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
50 53 58 59 62 65 72 130 166
0 0 0 0 0 25 61 50 49
0 0 0 0 0 0 41 108 195
0 0 0 31 60 87 110 108 108
0 10 33 31 60 155 155 151 325
0 0 0 0 0 0 23 31 64
0 0 0 0 22 51 61 66 309
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 22 42 70 83 176 202 173 190
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 89
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 7 88 135 138 142
36 53 56 56 55 66 75 94 79
0 0 2 36 58 66 60 52 64
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 36
0 0 0 0 0 0 35 270 260
33 50 117 107 108 107 113 80 117
32 0 0 20 24 14 36 41 79
12 12 13 15 43 61 76 72 93
28 0 12 14 20 58 58 49 65
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 109 228
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 15 20 33 52 61 62 73 104
0 0 0 0 0 29 99 69 82
0 0 14 51 64 117 111 115 114
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34
12 20 20 68 118 154 153 151 152
0 0 0 0 0 6 14 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 107 124 136 141
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 17 16 15 17
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
24 0 24 20 22 23 23 20 24
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 2 26 38 21 21 21 21
0 0 0 0 0 6 9 5 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
84 111 123 126 108 182 313 369 404
0 0 0 0 0 0 18 59 111
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - - - - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 49 85 36 33
25 26 26 26 68 65 69 73 89
0 0 0 0 0 6 15 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213
452 396 494 479 973 238 495 112 150
2410 2431 3124 4097 5539 6736 8508 9362 12600

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
501 509 516 516 528 530 750 855 857

115 118 119 119 118 119 119 102 124
20 20 25 46 54 92 99 103 78
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
62 62 62 63 63 64 60 60 63
442 538 536 539 564 681 722 787 890
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1139 1247 1258 1282 1328 1486 1750 1906 2011

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 14 14 14 8 0 0 0 0
202 227 233 237 289 324 359 360 357
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
29 30 30 31 58 66 66 75 104
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
95 99 60 94 98 98 140 282 355
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
16 29 29 31 31 36 38 39 38
249 249 254 262 316 337 359 361 364
604 647 620 668 799 860 961 1116 1218

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 18 30 30 30 38
118 188 203 161 189 234 252 255 256
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 7 7 7 6 6 6 7 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
229 270 290 308 316 358 380 414 418
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
378 485 520 495 550 648 688 725 752

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4530 4809 5522 6543 8216 9730 11909 13110 16582

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
151 157 161 164 167 162 174 178 178

264 265 266 274 277 288 294 295 300
230 244 244 246 244 252 251 252 251
147 149 155 155 156 155 152 164 170
152 167 180 185 190 190 195 195 194
324 338 347 349 356 353 330 333 351
433 443 447 462 473 495 505 520 520
327 329 322 334 334 350 351 337 352
2029 2094 2122 2170 2198 2246 2252 2274 2315

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
205 262 245 268 271 272 270 272 287

53 56 48 52 56 58 57 59 59
234 241 230 249 314 345 370 405 451
362 369 334 416 436 440 450 460 459
50 50 45 50 50 51 51 51 48
91 95 72 88 95 90 95 96 96
367 372 332 370 335 377 382 437 448
93 96 78 93 94 95 94 96 94
7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
160 159 157 169 172 189 187 178 178
408 410 411 436 433 440 436 440 437
2029 2110 1951 2191 2257 2357 2391 2494 2556

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
34 34 35 35 36 34 36 0 0
112 104 106 112 113 109 114 113 114
174 179 182 187 196 219 244 259 264
47 45 45 47 48 46 55 55 54
109 110 110 112 132 157 159 158 160
364 367 372 381 412 456 493 472 478

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
159 167 175 184 183 183 184 184 184

871 895 919 916 932 956 976 984 994
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
262 276 272 275 282 285 290 295 297
68 69 70 71 76 71 73 74 77
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 167
837 838 853 865 902 929 926 948 989
65 69 72 74 76 77 79 80 81
274 279 280 288 295 305 305 315 318
386 403 407 414 458 482 507 531 534
79 84 85 91 103 125 132 133 134
130 142 145 148 151 156 155 158 162
17 21 22 22 24 23 23 23 24
0 0 0 0 2 11 11 11 11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3259 3345 3406 3460 3598 3712 3775 3851 4085

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
70 95 96 103 111 117 120 121 121

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
45 45 45 48 11 0 0 0 0
233 220 241 235 248 257 258 259 259
131 129 128 132 135 135 134 134 135
45 47 47 49 50 50 50 47 34
149 150 153 151 154 152 149 146 166
119 124 126 127 127 132 118 0 66
213 215 216 219 221 223 225 226 229
84 85 86 85 90 93 91 90 92
69 70 71 71 69 69 60 54 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
160 163 162 164 166 167 165 165 166
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56
58 58 71 92 90 92 94 156 219
163 167 168 174 176 178 179 168 177
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
43 44 43 44 44 45 44 44 43
144 145 144 147 147 152 149 150 140
81 95 108 116 128 121 120 123 125
101 106 108 103 110 112 115 106 109
186 196 185 181 181 218 219 179 186
201 204 206 207 215 222 233 232 202
71 72 71 73 74 75 77 60 55
116 124 124 134 158 164 163 164 161
267 270 272 271 271 278 277 288 293
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
83 85 88 88 90 92 94 94 94
121 122 119 116 150 185 184 189 188
149 154 156 154 210 306 362 357 364
75 75 75 80 112 118 121 119 105
85 85 87 89 90 89 89 90 91
81 81 82 83 85 86 86 86 85
198 199 207 209 215 220 222 225 228
98 100 101 101 101 101 103 102 100
34 36 36 40 44 45 45 12 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
137 144 139 139 145 147 146 143 146
39 39 39 40 39 42 43 43 47
88 122 162 164 159 170 177 173 170
3945 4066 4164 4228 4416 4651 4712 4543 4653

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7567 7778 7941 8068 8426 8819 8980 8866 9216

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 20 272 405 403 404 407 410 416

238 232 246 238 245 242 478 570 573
234 241 246 245 252 195 163 165 166
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
410 407 417 425 430 438 437 432 435
49 49 50 49 50 51 52 52 52
390 391 394 412 410 260 345 404 408
246 246 244 240 250 250 254 252 254
196 196 196 194 198 196 203 206 207
56 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
269 272 211 191 237 244 243 238 245
214 219 217 219 223 220 224 227 229
89 90 91 90 91 93 96 98 99
2390 2373 2585 2708 2791 2593 2901 3052 3083

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
64 57 40 39 19 0 0 0 0
64 57 40 39 19 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
283 284 28 90 160 96 94 94 168

162 201 213 205 215 215 219 214 190
153 145 149 185 190 198 172 0 0
60 65 80 55 0 0 0 0 0
168 160 11 52 46 34 34 33 65
82 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
156 144 19 21 8 0 0 0 0
199 206 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
203 141 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
227 243 265 265 265 268 270 261 240
111 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
253 233 257 260 272 153 4 2 168
214 241 240 244 245 244 246 241 247
119 124 124 120 105 101 125 124 125
129 130 130 130 100 93 130 128 130
211 212 212 220 217 225 225 225 230
223 220 221 236 244 247 246 254 256
167 167 171 170 170 172 171 156 173
129 141 190 193 193 197 194 194 197
54 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
69 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
265 266 256 260 271 274 274 267 272
141 156 51 0 0 1 79 89 98
3779 3668 2637 2705 2705 2517 2481 2281 2559

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6233 6098 5262 5452 5514 5110 5382 5333 5642

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
23483 24067 24167 25796 28039 29972 32666 33942 38126

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
21073 21636 21043 21699 22500 23236 24158 24579 25525
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
89 71 76 69 52 75 92 91 92
272 253 286 318 312 307 307 299 300
0 0 0 33 23 39 37 32 38
534 541 556 561 565 559 567 558 571
9 10 18 14 22 7 0 0 0
122 97 97 96 99 98 41 0 0
687 708 709 713 566 725 704 695 701
1714 1680 1742 1805 1639 1810 1748 1676 1702

0 0 0 0 0 0 - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 55
63 62 106 124 136 132 126 86 114
0 0 0 0 0 68 309 332 320
58 57 51 52 57 91 139 69 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
75 75 105 133 140 148 141 141 126
143 157 162 220 220 218 184 192 8
71 94 174 254 345 340 97 167 242
0 0 0 0 302 504 965 1186 1181
406 420 418 417 421 360 398 403 400
278 241 223 275 508 537 512 473 399
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
34 33 33 33 32 47 75 51 56
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
190 157 182 155 147 148 62 50 50
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
86 111 157 93 30 139 177 163 172
0 101 209 192 183 125 136 250 250
142 103 108 108 105 127 77 0 0
68 42 19 0 33 49 44 42 42
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 147
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
28 19 34 36 23 23 20 0 0
325 370 379 412 405 343 234 307 298
54 175 184 126 121 140 131 120 40
43 70 88 106 120 165 100 100 114
21 6 15 19 59 77 79 51 37
90 145 190 205 226 227 60 103 102
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
72 22 27 0 63 66 46 49 50
24 40 50 70 69 40 16 13 14
6 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
51 36 40 46 37 0 0 0 0
627 539 537 550 563 601 599 567 633
109 110 78 98 0 0 0 0 0
411 421 393 416 450 446 443 443 361
109 159 262 258 135 199 170 246 250
149 114 109 93 92 95 103 120 108
75 66 73 89 85 72 77 47 38
293 348 317 424 464 467 485 434 461
146 110 110 129 16 0 0 0 0
99 69 85 137 15 0 1 29 0
0 27 94 221 148 122 75 0 0
267 249 295 345 437 405 378 363 333
426 522 587 594 562 562 557 504 524
139 92 103 97 51 0 0 0 0
65 52 94 152 150 151 195 21 0
39 43 52 55 44 8 0 0 0
43 14 51 50 13 0 0 0 0
17 17 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 141 166 191 202 208 222 198 99
58 21 68 0 0 0 0 0 0
126 102 136 136 133 96 40 6 0
117 93 122 125 124 82 57 57 55
83 59 93 52 52 36 25 29 13
80 24 41 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
279 141 265 310 283 330 312 295 0
11 5 22 0 0 0 0 0 0
301 400 402 401 399 367 466 546 573
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 22 235 263 293 360 373
449 466 564 675 832 826 807 832 880
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
290 308 388 431 460 460 438 442 460
173 110 150 157 149 164 147 142 117
0 22 110 113 111 120 226 278 279
0 0 0 0 0 12 184 484 777
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 107 108 103 109 56 12 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
102 76 193 212 261 307 265 182 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 263 400
20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
563 515 532 552 590 556 483 440 395
0 0 24 32 32 39 38 29 0
0 90 221 348 587 577 569 451 364
0 0 30 225 321 328 297 294 288
110 99 101 98 99 97 96 113 188
0 38 408 485 484 490 410 105 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
330 275 326 338 341 304 307 300 291
391 387 385 386 387 387 393 400 407
0 22 185 450 560 550 558 516 524
0 0 0 3 52 97 184 389 430
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 127 223 215 178
0 0 0 0 7 89 101 99 99
114 78 82 87 165 144 114 42 62
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 17 243 617 606 610
216 228 230 220 218 140 26 16 98
64 65 62 61 61 61 26 26 45
210 304 469 645 730 770 753 470 797
106 155 195 217 208 200 218 216 217
340 333 380 503 716 739 817 848 833
41 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 0
352 352 352 353 441 636 631 636 545
243 374 701 1001 1140 1312 1930 2571 2656
0 0 0 240 240 240 240 386 825
0 0 0 0 0 0 277 442 579
0 0 0 0 0 179 549 622 724
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
176 152 193 202 179 175 181 200 197
134 119 137 145 145 144 138 455 460
0 0 0 0 0 0 216 407 611
142 117 124 129 135 130 135 133 75
69 26 56 50 48 38 0 0 0
51 54 86 110 117 117 112 104 70
37 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
269 296 334 347 349 356 354 264 325
104 85 113 59 40 59 18 0 0
66 3 0 0 0 77 64 0 8
81 55 94 149 186 205 129 96 147
55 30 40 43 40 0 0 0 0
214 208 223 224 220 223 208 223 224
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
80 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
72 61 60 65 70 91 63 19 18
105 104 101 113 57 72 60 62 87
96 65 89 36 42 63 38 4 0
149 154 209 267 307 332 213 90 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
96 73 89 100 70 78 82 113 86
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13 64 131 194 200 132 130 130 155
0 0 0 0 21 145 344 690 786
0 0 0 0 17 145 451 810 813
0 0 0 0 13 134 355 441 423
21 23 30 57 92 179 176 159 63
0 0 0 12 144 420 820 940 973
0 0 0 265 704 923 1249 1462 1646
34 25 31 47 58 128 149 141 141
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 98 390 833 943 1298
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
386 428 499 501 594 908 1005 1157 1210
100 169 248 342 345 255 222 188 140
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - - - - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
46 55 61 59 13 13 13 8 8
88 101 149 152 150 76 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
241 182 48 0 0 0 0 0 0
131 171 153 0 0 0 0 0 0
13712 13715 17046 19623 22204 24884 28315 30751 32069

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
866 845 870 880 890 913 932 961 971

145 167 178 172 176 177 179 182 187
103 111 106 111 106 105 95 80 63
0 4 19 46 55 67 74 94 96
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
51 351 367 373 360 354 365 377 386
0 0 132 465 604 609 617 622 612
0 0 0 0 0 187 665 758 757
61 29 54 56 51 34 32 46 79
899 951 1002 1015 1015 1025 1035 1043 1050
0 1 352 749 793 799 1250 1358 1399
2125 2459 3080 3867 4050 4271 5244 5521 5600

0 0 0 0 0 0 - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 36 192 347
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
356 414 445 420 411 336 323 359 384
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
131 149 129 165 136 139 166 163 150
19 229 370 424 512 540 545 596 695
364 283 257 246 247 249 292 332 388
0 0 0 0 0 28 157 303 350
33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
372 402 408 404 408 393 404 409 408
1275 1478 1610 1660 1714 1684 1923 2355 2722

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 51 54 55 70 72
60 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
248 255 253 251 251 254 256 250 253
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 5 5 5 4 3 0 0 0
104 128 227 250 250 250 211 222 236
0 14 50 102 120 68 118 120 120
0 0 0 0 24 231 320 273 586
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
399 359 350 312 264 240 122 140 129
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
252 252
0 0
130 130
230 230
276 276
0 0
215 215
0 0
0 0
269 269
0 0
1592 1592
- -
- -
- -
5611 5611
- -
- -
- -
82912 83972
(536) (539)
(750) (750)
414 418
35750 36048
Table S.14: Annual estimates and forecasts of smelting production by country ('000t)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Argentina 262 245 268 271 272 270 272

Australia 1765 1800 1836 1864 1896 1901 1937
Azerbaijan 0 0 0 18 30 30 30
Bahrain 509 516 516 528 530 750 855
Bosnia 95 96 103 111 117 120 121
Brazil 1280 1138 1318 1380 1457 1499 1604
Cameroon 94 91 70 72 85 86 88
Canada 2373 2585 2708 2791 2593 2901 3052
China 2431 3124 4097 5539 6736 8508 9362
Croatia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Egypt 187 197 198 195 213 251 254
France 441 460 463 443 442 442 441
Germany 644 652 653 661 668 643 516
Ghana 158 148 131 15 0 11 65
Greece 163 162 164 166 167 165 165
Hungary 34 35 35 36 34 36 0
Iceland 225 239 266 266 270 274 324
India 647 620 668 799 860 961 1116
Indonesia 188 203 161 189 234 252 255
Iran 138 144 165 173 211 218 205
Italy 189 187 190 192 197 193 194
Japan 7 7 7 6 6 6 7
Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mexico 57 40 39 19 0 0 0
Montenegro 95 108 116 128 121 120 123
Mozambique 64 270 268 408 548 554 563
N.Korea 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Netherlands 302 293 284 291 330 334 284
New Zealand 329 322 334 334 350 351 337
Nigeria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Norway 1031 1037 1043 1168 1321 1390 1382
Oman 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Poland 45 45 47 48 46 55 55
Qatar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Romania 179 182 187 196 219 244 259
Russia 3241 3300 3347 3485 3603 3661 3738
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovakia 110 110 112 132 157 159 158
Slovenia 75 75 80 112 118 121 119
South Africa 676 663 705 738 863 850 895
Spain 365 376 380 390 395 397 400
Suriname 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sweden 100 101 101 101 101 103 102
Switzerland 36 36 40 44 45 45 12
Tajikstan 270 290 308 316 358 380 414
Turkey 62 62 63 63 64 60 60
UAE 538 536 539 564 681 722 787
UK 305 341 344 343 358 366 360
Ukraine 104 106 112 113 109 114 113
USA 3668 2637 2705 2705 2517 2481 2281
Venezuela 569 568 605 606 628 622 618
Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
North America 6098 5262 5452 5514 5110 5382 5333

Central & South America 2110 1951 2191 2257 2357 2391 2494
Europe 7778 7941 8068 8426 8819 8980 8866
Africa 1178 1369 1372 1428 1710 1753 1864
Asia 4809 5522 6543 8216 9730 11909 13110
Australasia 2094 2122 2170 2198 2246 2252 2274
World ex. China 21636 21043 21699 22500 23236 24158 24579
World 24067 24167 25796 28039 29972 32666 33942
Data: CRU
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
287 395 412 417 416 416 436 442 426

1962 1978 1940 1933 1949 1862 1780 1701 1665
38 60 7 0 3 51 54 55 70
857 866 845 870 880 890 913 932 961
121 130 99 125 131 129 112 108 98
1655 1661 1536 1535 1437 1436 1304 962 771
76 89 71 76 69 52 75 92 91
3083 3124 3032 2962 2984 2781 2969 2858 2867
12600 13712 13715 17046 19623 22204 24884 28315 30751
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
266 272 253 286 318 312 307 307 299
427 388 345 357 334 349 351 379 419
553 611 287 401 432 408 492 531 542
11 0 0 0 33 23 39 37 32
166 164 130 135 165 166 170 173 176
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
452 771 809 808 805 816 838 848 855
1218 1275 1478 1610 1660 1714 1684 1923 2355
256 248 255 253 251 251 254 256 250
202 248 282 303 329 337 349 348 356
183 186 166 135 149 101 0 0 0
7 7 5 5 5 4 3 0 0
13 104 128 227 250 250 250 211 222
0 0 14 50 102 144 298 438 393
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
125 124 68 82 93 75 48 43 42
562 534 541 556 561 565 559 567 558
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
295 317 167 214 279 86 81 3 31
352 318 271 344 357 324 324 327 333
0 9 10 18 14 22 7 0 0
1358 1378 1122 1094 1126 1138 1160 1173 1220
0 51 351 367 373 360 354 365 377
54 55 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 132 465 604 609 617 622
264 265 201 207 208 208 197 195 207
3971 4191 3815 3951 3990 4024 3690 3480 3550
0 0 0 0 0 0 187 665 758
160 163 150 163 161 158 163 168 171
105 83 35 41 71 83 85 85 84
900 810 805 806 809 665 823 745 695
404 406 363 366 412 352 349 353 349
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 81 70 93 111 129 131 112 116
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
418 399 359 350 312 264 240 122 140
63 61 29 54 56 51 34 32 46
890 899 952 1354 1763 1808 1824 2285 2401
364 330 254 186 214 59 44 42 47
114 113 50 25 7 0 0 0 0
2559 2659 1727 1727 1986 2070 1948 1718 1589
614 604 559 353 332 200 164 138 119
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5642 5783 4759 4689 4970 4851 4917 4576 4456

2556 2660 2507 2305 2185 2052 1905 1543 1316
9216 9756 8132 8383 8688 8281 7911 7691 7905
1815 1714 1680 1742 1805 1639 1810 1748 1676
16582 17949 18439 22641 26092 28953 31960 36584 39721
2315 2296 2211 2277 2306 2186 2104 2028 1998
25525 26446 24014 24991 26424 25758 25724 25856 26322

38126 40158 37729 42037 46046 47962 50608 54171 57074
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
425 431 440 440 455 455 455 455 455

1639 1485 1578 1584 1603 1679 1679 1679 1679
72 72 72 72 72 85 100 100 100
971 981 1051 1457 1550 1550 1550 1550 1550
99 98 110 110 120 130 130 130 130
789 792 644 820 1110 1158 1158 1333 1380
92 82 82 82 92 92 92 92 92
3209 3216 3023 3328 3365 3365 3525 3845 3959
32069 36310 37049 39862 41198 42059 42703 43843 45409
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
300 272 258 290 295 295 295 295 295
425 416 365 423 428 428 428 428 428
548 535 548 548 560 560 560 560 560
38 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 38
182 181 181 183 185 185 185 185 185
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
847 866 872 885 910 925 925 925 925
2722 3255 3695 3743 3770 4025 4120 4160 4160
253 242 256 260 475 775 800 800 880
346 336 356 394 407 432 502 722 957
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
236 254 254 254 254 300 450 520 520
706 760 760 760 760 760 760 870 1032
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
39 40 40 40 45 45 45 45 45
571 575 570 573 575 583 590 595 600
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
57 36 48 83 90 90 90 90 90
338 337 346 365 365 365 365 365 365
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1245 1243 1277 1305 1381 1421 1421 1421 1421
386 252 382 395 400 400 400 400 400
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
612 621 628 628 630 630 630 630 630
208 210 210 212 220 265 265 265 265
3711 3732 3740 3729 3763 3840 3912 3955 4302
757 758 758 758 758 758 758 758 758
174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174
84 82 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
701 716 715 723 723 723 723 723 723
353 337 342 343 346 346 346 346 346
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
123 123 124 124 127 127 127 127 127
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
129 118 145 183 200 300 450 517 517
79 80 80 80 82 82 82 82 82
2449 2519 2550 2570 2570 2570 2570 2570 2570
46 40 40 41 48 48 48 47 47
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
826 744 885 1261 1449 1556 1592 1592 1592
142 156 96 117 127 138 138 138 138
0 0 0 7 100 150 200 300 350
4034 3960 3908 4589 4814 4921 5117 5437 5551

1356 1379 1179 1377 1692 1751 1751 1926 1973
8139 8111 8156 8284 8480 8667 8739 8780 9127
1702 1682 1662 1705 1722 1730 1737 1742 1747
41806 46577 48055 51443 53246 54896 56095 57842 59935
1977 1822 1924 1949 1968 2044 2044 2044 2044
26945 27222 27726 29318 30584 31838 32730 33911 34954

59014 63532 64775 69180 71782 73897 75432 77754 80362
2025 2026 2027
455 455 455 Back to

1679 1679 1679 contents
100 100 100
1550 1550 1550
130 130 130
1380 1380 1380
92 92 92
4019 4019 4019
46290 47162 47924
0 0 0
295 295 295
428 428 428
560 560 560
38 38 38
185 185 185
0 0 0
925 925 925
4160 4160 4160
1000 1000 1000
1027 1132 1132
0 0 0
0 0 0
520 520 520
1080 1080 1080
0 0 0
45 45 45
600 600 600
20 20 20
90 90 90
365 365 365
0 0 0
1421 1421 1421
400 400 400
0 0 0
630 630 630
265 265 265
4340 4597 4896
758 758 758
174 174 174
84 84 84
723 723 723
346 346 346
0 0 0
127 127 127
0 0 0
517 517 517
82 82 82
2570 2570 2570
47 47 47
0 0 0
1592 1592 1592
138 138 138
450 450 450
5611 5611 5611

1973 1973 1973
9166 9423 9721
1747 1747 1747
61154 62131 62893
2044 2044 2044
35390 35750 36048

81681 82912 83972
Table S.15: Smelter ownership and operators 2018
Plant Country/Province Operator

Dubal UAE Emirates Global Aluminium
EMAL UAE Emirates Global Aluminium
Data: CRU
Owner SOE or Private Region Equity Share
Emirates Global Aluminium - Middle East 100%
Emirates Global Aluminium - Middle East 100%
Capacity Share, 2018 ('000tpy) Back to
1130 contents
1420
Table S.16: Annual aluminium prices and ingot premiums
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Exchange Prices
LME cash ($/t) 2018 1845 1867 1661 1605 1969 2177 2250
LME cash (€/kg) 1.57 1.39 1.41 1.50 1.45 1.75 1.74 1.81
LME 3-month ($/t) 2050 1887 1894 1680 1610 1980 2175 2250
SHFE cash (RMB/t) 15655 14501 13541 12169 12383 14598 14416 14650
SHFE cash ($/t) 2481 2359 2198 1937 1864 2161 2250 2282
Ingot Premiums
US Midwest (¢/lb) (1) 9.9 11.2 19.8 12.9 7.6 9.0 20.3 22.4
Rotterdam duty unpaid ($/t) (2) 175 205 348 182 78 87 109 138
Rotterdam duty paid ($/t) (2)
237 268 417 240 129 147 179 209
Japan cif 3m premium ($/t) (3)
174 247 362 248 98 109 126 139
Merchant Ingot Prices

US Midwest (¢/lb) 102 95 104 88 80 98 119 124
Rotterdam (€/kg) 1.75 1.59 1.72 1.71 1.56 1.87 1.88 1.98
Japan (¥/kg) 175 204 236 231 184 233 250 270
Real 2016 prices

LME cash ($/t) 2176 1958 1946 1712 1634 1969 2130 2160
LME 3-month ($/t) 2209 2002 1974 1732 1639 1980 2128 2160
SHFE cash (RMB/t) 16876 15383 14112 12546 12605 14598 14102 14063
US midwest premium (¢/lb) (1) 10.6 11.9 20.6 13.3 7.8 9.0 19.8 21.5
Rotterdam duty paid premium ($/t) (2)
256 285 434 247 131 147 175 201
Japan cif 3m premium ($/t) (3) 187 262 377 255 100 109 123 133
Notes: 1. US MidWest prompt P1020. 2. Rotterdam prompt 99.7%. 3. Japan 3-month 99.7% CIF metal.
2020 2021 2022
2395 2470 2500

Back to
1.93 1.98 2.00 contents
2400 2475 2500
15700 16750 17000
2485 2699 2739
24.2 24.4 24.2

150 160 170
226 239 250
150 160 160
133 136 138

2.11 2.17 2.20
291 302 305
2255 2280 2262

2259 2284 2262
14780 15459 15383
22.8 22.5 21.9
213 220 226
141 148 145
S.17
Table S.17: Annual aluminium inventories ('000t)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
World ex. China
IAI 1787 1740 1660 1629 1788 1797 1621

LME 322 821 1241 1423 693 644 698
NYMEX/CME 134 201 269 188 49 126 87
Japanese port stocks 258 269 214 284 295 296 234
TOCOM 3 7 5 3 6 2 6
Total reported stocks world ex. China 2504 3038 3389 3527 2830 2864 2647
Total unreported stocks world ex. China 1438 1488 1760 1899 2071 2041 1760
China
Shanghai Metal Exchange 19 34 10 27 60 46 19

China State Reserve Bureau stocks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
China Unregistered warehouse stocks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total reported stocks China 19 34 10 27 60 46 19
Total unreported stocks China 442 412 411 411 361 401 411
Total reported world stocks 2523 3072 3399 3555 2891 2910 2666
Total world stocks 4403 4972 5570 5865 5323 5351 4836
Data: CRU, LME, SHFE, IAI
Page 356
S.17
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
1553 1676 1205 1396 1404 1255 1169 1408 1514 1469 1404
930 2338 4624 4277 4979 5210 5452 4205 2890 2202 1101
32 26 0 0 0 0 0 34 45 23 43
199 316 193 224 247 284 263 413 394 276 242
1 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2715 4359 6023 5897 6630 6749 6884 6060 4842 3970 2790
1771 2367 2860 3909 4619 4374 4101 4325 5346 5400 4753
89 204 298 442 208 442 182 209 297 101 754
0 0 590 412 377 477 777 777 777 777 777
0 198 261 224 230 470 346 335 389 238 1049
89 402 1149 1078 815 1389 1305 1321 1463 1116 2580
446 714 1193 1349 1259 1273 1347 1516 2012 2096 2307
2804 4761 7172 6975 7445 8138 8189 7381 6305 5086 5370
5020 7842 11225 12233 13323 13786 13636 13221 13663 12582 12430
Page 357
S.17
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Page 358
S.18
Table S.18: Quarterly aluminium reported inventories ('000t)
2010Q4 2011Q1 2011Q2
World ex. China
IAI 1396 1550 1463

LME 4277 4592 4488
NYMEX/CME 0 0 0
Japanese port stocks 224 201 229
TOCOM 0 0 0
Total reported stocks world ex. China 5897 6343 6179
Total unreported stocks world ex. China 3909 3745 4092
China
Shanghai Metal Exchange 442 411 270

China State Reserve Bureau stocks 412 377 377
China Unregistered warehouse stocks 224 447 181
Total reported stocks China 1078 1235 828
Total unreported stocks China 1349 1334 1268
Total reported world stocks 6975 7578 7007

Total world stocks 12233 12658 12368
Data: CRU, LME, SHFE, IAI
Page 359
S.18
2011Q3 2011Q4 2012Q1 2012Q2 2012Q3 2012Q4 2013Q1
1407 1404 1391 1314 1306 1255 1230

4564 4979 5077 4823 5050 5210 5228
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
231 247 245 233 274 284 267
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6202 6630 6713 6370 6630 6749 6726
4477 4619 4671 4724 4312 4374 4509
99 208 366 312 402 442 505

377 377 377 377 377 477 577
215 230 528 415 512 470 801
691 815 1271 1104 1291 1389 1883
1229 1259 1345 1258 1277 1273 1281
6893 7445 7984 7474 7921 8138 8609

12599 13323 14000 13456 13510 13786 14399
Page 360
S.18
2013Q2 2013Q3 2013Q4 2014Q1 2014Q2 2014Q3 2014Q4
1178 1099 1169 1234 1245 1371 1408

5450 5375 5452 5375 5072 4614 4205
0 0 0 0 17 17 34
250 242 263 238 269 313 413
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6878 6716 6884 6847 6602 6316 6060
4299 4361 4101 3826 3724 3856 4325
400 213 182 371 398 278 209

777 777 777 777 777 777 777
602 380 346 932 526 348 335
1780 1370 1305 2080 1702 1403 1321
857 1067 1347 1342 1347 1442 1516
8658 8086 8189 8927 8303 7719 7381

13814 13515 13636 14095 13374 13017 13221
Page 361
S.18
2015Q1 2015Q2 2015Q3 2015Q4 2016Q1 2016Q2 2016Q3
1433 1459 1489 1514 1499 1489 1474

3935 3574 3179 2890 2783 2382 2155
24 29 47 45 36 31 15
457 500 473 394 346 317 287
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5849 5562 5188 4842 4663 4219 3930
4596 4670 4836 5346 5463 5414 5535
224 287 288 297 326 164 84

777 777 777 777 777 777 777
972 820 649 389 529 164 175
1973 1884 1714 1463 1632 1105 1036
1615 1546 1857 2012 2076 1986 1897
7822 7446 6902 6305 6295 5324 4966

14033 13662 13595 13663 13835 12724 12398
Page 362
S.18
2016Q4 2017Q1 2017Q2 2017Q3 2017Q4 Back to contents
1469 1459 1444 1424 1404

2202 1877 1412 1259 1101
23 31 36 30 43
276 271 260 276 242
0 0 0 0 0
3970 3638 3152 2989 2790
5400 5309 5059 4863 4753
101 332 433 563 754

777 777 777 777 777
238 846 802 1121 1049
1116 1956 2012 2461 2580
2096 2284 2403 2349 2307
5086 5594 5164 5450 5370

12582 13186 12626 12662 12430
Page 363
S.18
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Page 364
S.19
Table S.19: Primary aluminium regional market balances ('000t)
Region 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Africa 826 1003 1000 1046 1319 1327

Asia -3847 -3235 -3133 -3413 -3457 -3155
of which Middle East 498 505 481 386 441 650
of which India 57 35 67 1 3 -16
Australasia 1706 1771 1825 1800 1838 1894
Central & Sth. America 1237 1072 1287 1316 1271 1206
Europe 580 803 603 535 546 537
of which E. Europe & Ukraine -175 -184 -220 -255 -297 -327
of which Western Europe -1918 -1718 -1844 -2018 -2058 -2051
of which Russia 2673 2705 2667 2809 2901 2916
North America -1152 -844 -984 -990 -2059 -1782
Total World1 -650 569 598 295 -542 28

of which world ex. China(2) -869 585 623 277 -525 3
of which China(2) 219 -15 -25 18 -17 26
Data: CRU Notes: 1. Forecast regional balances include CRU's estimate of unallocated creep, closures and disruptions. 2. Adjusted for net primary exp
Page 365
S.19
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
1368 1285 1136 1182 1190 1222 1040 1189 1083 1029
-3233 -3255 -2287 -2817 -2979 -2509 -2124 -2280 -978 120
728 652 660 1045 1398 1974 2029 2176 2969 3121
10 14 36 29 52 -13 -59 -16 224 463
1916 1941 1948 1890 1924 1951 1831 1752 1708 1765
1262 1154 1127 1140 853 641 546 459 110 86
27 -100 1106 1773 442 370 209 -248 -723 -672
-405 -476 -386 -297 -600 -599 -609 -676 -703 -750
-2535 -2739 -1828 -1048 -2101 -2163 -2290 -2329 -2605 -2649
2968 3114 3320 3117 3143 3132 3108 2758 2586 2727
-1856 -841 -208 215 -422 -585 -1038 -1023 -1614 -1887
-515 184 2822 3383 1008 1090 463 -150 -414 442
-498 79 2241 2157 923 1443 -126 -139 -599 -196
-17 105 581 1226 85 -353 589 -11 185 638
closures and disruptions. 2. Adjusted for net primary exports from China into rest of the world.
Page 366
S.19
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Back to contents
1010 948 917 902 880 855 827
-867 912 496 1332 1200 863 562
3081 2918 3016 3352 3375 3298 3302
650 1109 1336 1219 1082 1152 1042
1734 1574 1671 1660 1680 1760 1765
218 175 4 70 304 306 253
-759 -1135 -1308 -1483 -1396 -1457 -1583
-814 -897 -924 -970 -1001 -993 -1029
-2814 -3082 -3189 -3277 -3245 -3289 -3363
2869 2844 2805 2765 2851 2825 2809
-2416 -2627 -2839 -2306 -2215 -2292 -2279
-1081 -153 -1188 9 314 -76 -502

-818 -1827 -1769 -1155 -536 -226 -227
-262 1674 581 1165 850 150 -275
Page 367
S.19
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Page 368
Table S.20 Chinese export tax, vat rebates and import tariffs for aluminium
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1 Jul 15 Sep 1 Nov 1 Jul

2005 2006 2006 2007
Import Tariffs
Bauxite 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Alumina 18% 12% 10% 8% 8% 8% 6% 3% 3%
Aluminium 9% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
Scrap 1
6% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 0% 1
0% 0%
Alloy 9% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7%
Non-alloy rod and bar n/a 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
Non-alloy sheet and plate n/a n/a 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6%
0.3mm≤ thickness ≤0.36mm
Al alloy rod &bar 13% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
Export tax
Bauxite - - - - - - - 10%
Alumina 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Unwrought Non-alloy Al8 15% -15% -15% -8% 5% 5% 5% 15% 15%
Unwrought Alloy Al9 15% -15% -15% -8% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Unwrought Alloy Al10 15% -15% -15% -8% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Scrap 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
Rod and bars4 13% -13% -13% -13% -13% -13% -11% -11% 0%
Al alloy rod &bar, 13% -13% -13% -13% -13% -13% -11% -11% 0%
circ. ≥ 210 mm 6
Al alloy rod &bar , 13% -13% -13% -13% -13% -13% -11% -11% 0%
circ. < 210 mm 7
Export tax rebate

Flat Rolled 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 11% 11% 11%
(excluding foil)
Foil 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13%
Hollow aluminium 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 11% 11% 0%
alloy profiles 2
Other alloyed 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 11% 11% 0%
aluminium profiles 3
Non alloyed 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 11% 11% 0%
sections and profiles5
Tube 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13%
Data: CRU, Customs of the PRC
Notes: 1. The import tariff for scrap was cut to 0% from 1.5% from January 1, 2006. 2. The GTIS trading codefor this product is 760421. 3. The GTIS code for this produ
these products is 76041090. 6. The GTIS trading code for this product is 76042910. 7. The GTIS trading code for this product is 76042910. 8. HS code 76011010, Unw
(Na+K+Ca<10ppm, H<0.12ml/100g Al). 10. HS code 76012000, other unwrought aluminium alloy.
1 Aug 1 Jan 20 Aug 1 Dec 1 Apr 1 Jun 1 Jan 1 Jan 1 Jan 1 May 1 Dec
2007 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2013 2014 2015 2015 2015
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7%
5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
6% 1% 1% 2% 1% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%
5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
10% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
0% 0% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 0% 0%
0% 0% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
10% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 0% 0%
0% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 0% 0%
0% 15% 15% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0%
11% 11% 11% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13%
13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
0% 0% 0% 0% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13%
0% 0% 0% 0% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13%
21. 3. The GTIS code for this product is 76042990. 4. The GTIS trading code for these products is 76041010; 5. The GTIS trading code for
42910. 8. HS code 76011010, Unwrought Aluminium(non-alloy), Al<=99.5%. 9. HS code 76012000, low alkali refined Aluminium Alloy
Back to contents
Table S.21 Aluminium import and export tariff matrix, 2018
Quick Table Link 760110 760120 760410 760421 760429 760611 760612
EU (2018) UAE (2017) EEC, incl. Canada Australia India (2018) South Africa
Russia (2018) (2018) (2018) (2018)
Imorting Countries
EU (*) UAE EEC, incl. Canada Australia India South Africa

760110 Russia
EU 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
UAE 3 0 0 0 7.5 0
Russia 3 5 0 0 7.5 0
Canada 0 5 0 0 7.5 0
Australia 3 5 0 0 7.5 0
India 3 5 0 0 0 0
South Africa 3 5 0 0 0 7.5
Brazil 3 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
China 3 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
Japan 3 5 0 0 0 1.4 (2) 0
US 3 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
Taiwan 3 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
Hong Kong 3 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
South Korea 0 (1) 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
Mexico 3 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
Turkey 3 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
Vietnam 3 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
Indonesia 3 5 0 0 0 7.5 0
note: 0(1): Tariff free, only valid until 30 June 2018 when the EU-S. Korea free trade agreement expires.
1.4 (2): The India-Japan FTA states that the tariffs imposed by India will be staged in eleven years from the base rate of 5
4.5%. 2018 is Year 8, tariff is 1.4% (after 1 April, it will be 1.8% before) .Year 11 is 2021.
EU (*): There is airworthiness tariff suspension, i.e., no tariff for goods imported with airworthiness certificates
76011030 Aluminum (o/than alloy), unwrought, in coils,w/uniform xsection throughout length & w/least crosssectionaldi
US
2.6/0 76011060 Aluminum (o/than alloy), unwrought nesoi

760120 Russia
EU 5 0/5* 0 0 7.5 0
UAE 0/4/6 0/5* 0 0 7.5 0
Russia 0/4/6 5 0 0 7.5 0
Canada 0 5 0/5* 0 7.5 0
Australia 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 7.5 0
India 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 0
South Africa 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 7.5
Brazil 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 7.5 0
China 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 7.5 0
Japan 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 0/1.4 (2)* 0
US 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 7.5 0
Taiwan 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 7.5 0
Hong Kong 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 7.5 0
South Korea 0 (1) 5 0/5* 0 0 0 0
Mexico 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 7.5 0
Turkey 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 7.5 0
Vietnam 0/4/6 5 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesia 0/4/6 5 0/5* 0 0 0 0
EU (*): There is airworthiness tariff suspension, i.e., no tariff for goods imported with airworthiness certificates
0/1.4 (2): For 76012020, 76012090, the India-Japan FTA states that the tariffs imposed by India will be staged in eleven
into force (2011), tariff was 4.5%. 2018 is Year 8, tariff is 1.4% (after 1 April, it will be 1.8% before) .Year 11 is 2021.
Others under 760120 is staged in 6 years from the base rate of 5%, thus their tariffs have become 0% since 2016.
0/1.4 (2): For 76012020, 76012090, the India-Japan FTA states that the tariffs imposed by India will be staged in eleven
into force (2011), tariff was 4.5%. 2018 is Year 8, tariff is 1.4% (after 1 April, it will be 1.8% before) .Year 11 is 2021.
Others under 760120 is staged in 6 years from the base rate of 5%, thus their tariffs have become 0% since 2016.
Russia 0/5* 7601202001 slab and billets, for manufacture of aircraft engine
7601202009 slab and billetts, other
7601208001 other, for manufacture of aircraft engine
7601208002 secondary: ingot or liquid state
7601208009 secondary: others
India 0/1.4* 76012010 unwrought aluminium: Aluminium alloys: Ingots
76012020 unwrought aluminium: Aluminium alloys: Billets
76012030 unwrought aluminium: Aluminium alloys: Wire bars
76012040 unwrought aluminium: Aluminium alloys: Wire rods
76012090 unwrought aluminium: Aluminium alloys: Other
US
76012030 Aluminum alloys, unwrought, in coils, w/uniform xsection throughout length & w/least crosssectional dimensio
76012060 0 Aluminum alloys, w/25% or more by weight of silicon, unwrought nesoi
76012090 Aluminum
alloys nesoi, unwrought
Taiwan 0/1* 76012010
nesoi - - Aluminium alloys, extruded circular ingots of a diameter of 4 in. or more, unwrought. other aluminium alloys
76012020 - - Aluminium alloys ingots
76012090 - - Other aluminium alloys, unwrought
South Korea
7601201000 Casting alloy
7601202000 Billet
7601209000 Other
EU
7601 20 20 10 - - - Slabs and billets of aluminium alloy containing lithium
7601 20 20 90 - - - Other
7601 20 80 - - Other

760410 Russia
EU 5 0/10/12* 0 5 7.5 0
UAE 0/7.5 0/10/12* 0 4 7.5 5/0*
Russia 0/7.5 5 0 5 7.5 5/0*
Canada 0 5 0/10/12* 5 7.5 5/0*
Australia 0/7.5 5 0/10/12* 0 7.5 5/0*
India 0/7.5 5 0/10/12* 0 4 5/0*
South Africa 0 5 0/10/12* 0 5 7.5
Brazil 0/7.5 5 0/10/12* 0 4 7.5 5/0*
China 0/7.5 5 0/10/12* 0 1 (4) 7.5 5/0*
Japan 0/7.5 5 0/10/12* 0 0 0 (2) 5/0*
US 0/7.5 5 0/10/12* 0 0 7.5 5/0*
Taiwan 0/7.5 5 0/10/12* 0 4 7.5 5/0*
Hong Kong 0/7.5 5 0/10/12* 0 4 7.5 5/0*
South Korea 0 (1) 5 0/10/12* 0 0 0 5/0*
Mexico 0 5 0/10/12* 0 4 7.5 5/0*
Turkey 0 5 0/10/12* 0 4 7.5 5/0*
0/3.3/12** (5)
Vietnam 0/4 5 0 0 0 5/0*
Indonesia 0/4 5 0/10/12* 0 0 0 5/0*
EU (*):
76041010 not alloyed bars and rods: There is airworthiness tariff suspension, i.e., no tariff for goods imported with airwor
platforms (01-07-2016 - )
7604109010 Bearing a specific manufacture number, for use in certain types of aircraft: tariff suspension
7604109020 Conical shapes for reinforcing lateral rudders, for use in certain types of aircr: tariff suspension
7604109090 Other. There is:
Suspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms (01-0
Airworthiness tariff suspension (01-01-2008 - )
0 (2): The India-Japan FTA states that the tariffs imposed by India will be staged in six years from the base rate of 5%, ef
Year 6 is 2016, tariffs have become 0% since 2016.
0/3.3 (3): 0 for 76041010; 3.3 for 76041090. The 3.3% for 76041090 was 5% in 2017; will become 1.7 in 2019; and 0 afte
1 (4): will decrease by 1% annually, i.e. 2017 rate was 2%, and will be 0 from 2019
0/3.3/12 (5): 0/3.3/12 in 2018; 0/1.7/10.9 in 2019; 0/0/9.1 in 2020; 0/0/7.3 in 2021; 0/0/5.5 in 2022; 0/0/3.6 in 2023; 0/0/1.
Russia
7604101001 for manufacture of aircraft engine
7604101009 others
7601209000 profile
South Africa 76041030 For blades used with wind turbines
5/0*
76041035 Bars and rods, of a maximum crosssectional dimension not exceeding 160 mm
76041065 Profiles, of a maximum crosssectional dimension not exceeding 370 mm
76041090 Other
China 76041010 Aluminium bars, rods and profiles : Of aluminium, not alloyed : Bars and rods
76041090 Aluminium bars, rods and profiles : Of aluminium, not alloyed : Other
US
76041010 - - Aluminum (o/than alloy), profile
76041030 - - Aluminum (o/than alloy), bar and rods, with a round cross section
76041050 - - Aluminum (o/than alloy), bar and rods, other than with a round cross sectio
Mexico 76041001 -- purity of at least 99.5%, a diameter equal to or greater than 9 mm, for the manufacture of electrical conducto
0/5*
76041002 -- Profiles
76041099 - - others
Vietnam
76041010 -- Aluminium bars and rods not alloyed
76041090 -- others
Indonesia
76041010
76041090
EU Please see detailed notes above

760421 Russia
EU 5 12 0 5 7.5 0
UAE 0/7.5 12 0 4 7.5 5/0*
Russia 0/7.5 5 0 5 7.5 5/0*
Canada 0 5 12 5 7.5 5/0*
Australia 0/7.5 5 12 0 7.5 5/0*
India 0/7.5 5 12 0 4 5/0*
Brazil 0/7.5 5 12 0 4 7.5 5/0*
China 0/7.5 5 12 0 0 7.5 5/0*
Japan 0/7.5 5 12 0 0 0 (2) 5/0*
US 0/7.5 5 12 0 0 7.5 5/0*
Taiwan 0/7.5 5 12 0 4 7.5 5/0*
Hong Kong 0/7.5 5 12 0 4 7.5 5/0*
South Korea 0 5 12 0 0 0 5/0*
Mexico 0 5 12 0 4 7.5 5/0*
Turkey 0 5 12 0 4 7.5 5/0*
Vietnam 0/4 5 12 (4) 0 0 0 5/0*
Indonesia 0/4 5 12 0 0 0 5/0*
EU (*): There is airworthiness tariff suspension, i.e., no tariff for goods imported with airworthiness certificates. Also tariff
There is also suspension in end use for 7604 21 00 10

- - - Profiles made of aluminium alloy conforming to EN standard AW-6063 T5
- anodized
- whether or not lacquered
- with a wall thickness of 0,5 mm (± 1,2 %) or more but not more than 0,8 mm (± 1,2 %) for use in the manufacture of goo
3.3 (3): will become 1.7 in 2019; and 0 after 2020

12 (4): 10.9 in 2019; 9.1 in 2020; 7.3 in 2021; 5.5 in 2022; 3.6 in 2023; 1.8 in 2024; 0 afterwards
South Africa 76042115 Of a maximum outside crosssectional dimension not exceeding 370 mm
5/0*
76042190 Other

760429 Russia
EU 5 0/10/10 0 5 7.5 0
UAE 0/7.5 0/10/10 0 4 7.5 15/0*
Russia 0/7.5 5 0 5 7.5 15/0*

Canada 0 5 0/10/10 5 7.5 15/0*
Australia 0/7.5 5 0/10/10 0 7.5 15/0*
India 0/7.5 5 0/10/10 0 4 15/0*
South Africa 0 5 0/10/10 0 5 7.5
Brazil 0/7.5 5 0/10/10 0 4 7.5 7.5/15/0*
China 0/7.5 5 0/10/10 0 0 7.5 15/0*
Japan 0/7.5 5 0/10/10 0 0 1.4 (2) 15/0*
US 0/7.5 5 0/10/10 0 0 7.5 15/0*
Taiwan 0/7.5 5 0/10/10 0 4 7.5 15/0*
Hong Kong 0/7.5 5 0/10/10 0 4 7.5 15/0*
South Korea 0 5 0/10/10 0 0 0 15/0*
Mexico 0 5 0/10/10 0 4 7.5 15/0*
Turkey 0 5 0/10/10 0 4 7.5 15/0*
Vietnam 0/4 5 0/3.3/10* (4) 0 0 0 15/0*
Indonesia 0/4 5 0/10/10 0 0 0 15/0*
1.4 (2): The India-Japan FTA states that the tariffs imposed by India will be staged in eleven years from the base rate of 5
4.5%. 2018 is Year 8, tariff is 1.4% (after 1 April, it will be 1.8% before) .Year 11 is 2021.
1.7/3.3/6.4 (3): Will become 0.8/1.7/5.5 in 2019; 0/0/4.5 in 2020; 0/0/3.6 in 2021; 0/0/2.7 in 2022; 0/0/1.8 in 2023; 0/0/0.9
0/3.3/10 (4): 0/3.3/10 in 2018; 0/1.7/10 in 2019; 0/0/9.1 in 2020; 0/0/7.3 in 2021; 0/0/5.5 in 2022; 0/0/3.6 in 2023; 0/0/1.8
EU (*): details please see http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en
Russia
7604291001 For manufacture of aircraft engines5)
7604291009 Other
7604299000 Profiles
South Africa
South Africa
76042915 Bars and rods, of a maximum crosssectional dimension exceeding 7,5 mm but not exceeding 160 mm
76042965 Profiles, of a maximum crosssectional dimension not exceeding 370 mm
76042990 Other
Brazil 76042911- - Bars of alumin.alloyed, forg.circ.crosssect.40<=d<=76cm
76042919 - - Other bars of aluminium alloyed
76042920 - -Other profiles aluminium alloyed
China 3.6/1* 76042910 Aluminium bars, rods and profiles : Of aluminium alloys : Other : Bars anci rods : Column solid aluminum allo
76042990 Aluminium bars, rods and profiles : Of aluminium alloys : Other : Bars anci rods : Other bars, rods and profile
US
7604291 Aluminum alloy, profiles (o/than hollow profiles)
7604293 Aluminum alloy, bars and rods, having a round cross section
7604295 Aluminum alloy, bars and rodss, other than with a round cross section
South Korea
7604291000 Bars and rods

7604299000 Other profiles
Mexico 76042901 Aluminum bars, containing by weight:0.7% iron, 0.4 to 0.8% silicon, 0.15 to 0.40% copper,0.8 to 1.2% magn
3/5/0*
76042902 Profiles
76042999 Others
Vietnam
7604291000 Extruded bars and rods not surface treated

7604293000 Yshaped profiles for zip fasteners, in coils of non aluminium alloys
7604299000 Other extruded bars, rods and profiles of non aluminium alloys
Indonesia
7604291000 Extruded bars and rods not surface treated
7604293000 Yshaped profiles for zip fasteners, in coils of non aluminium alloys
7604299000 Other extruded bars, rods and profiles of non aluminium alloys

760611 Russia
EU 5 12/15 0 5 7.5 0
UAE 0/7.5 12/15 0 4 7.5 0
Russia 0/7.5 5 0 5 7.5 0
Canada 0 5 12/15 5 7.5 0
Australia 0/7.5 5 12/15 0 7.5 0
India 0/7.5 5 12/15 0 4 0
South Africa 0 5 12/15 0 5 7.5
Brazil 0/7.5 5 12/15 0 4 7.5 0
China 0/7.5 5 12/15 0 0 7.5 0
Japan 0/7.5 5 12/15 0 0 0 (5) 0
US 0/7.5 5 12/15 0 0 7.5 0
Taiwan 0/7.5 5 12/15 0 4 7.5 0
Hong Kong 0/7.5 5 12/15 0 4 7.5 0
South Korea 0 5 12/15 0 0 7.5 0
Mexico 0 5 12/15 0 4 7.5 0
Turkey 0 5 12/15 0 4 7.5 0
Vietnam 0/4 5 12/12.7* (6) 0 0 7.5 0
Indonesia 0/4 5 12/15 0 0 7.5 0
0 (2): The South Korea-Australia FTA states that tariff imposed by South Korea will be staged in 5 years. Year 1 is 80% o
0 (3): The South Korea-Turkey FTA states that the tariffs imposed by South Korea will be staged in six years from the ba
Year 6.
1.9 (4): The South Korea-Turkey FTA states that the tariffs imposed by Turkey will be staged in eight years from the base
Year 6, tariff is 1.9%.Year 8 is 2020
Year 6 is (6):
12/12.7* 2016, tariffs in
12/12.7 have become
2018; 0% since
10.9/10.9 2016.
in 2019; 9.1/9.1 in 2020; 7.3/7.3 in 2021; 5.5/5.5 in 2022; 3.6/3.6 in 2023; 1.8/1.8
Russia
7606111000 Painted, varnished or coated with plastics
7606119100 Less than 3 mm
7606119300 Not less than 3 mm but less than 6 mm
7606119900 Not less than 6 mm
China
76061121 Aluminium plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2mm : Rectangular (including square) : Of alu
Brazil
76061110 - - Plast.of alum.n/alloys t>0.2mm, squar.tenor silicon,etc
76061190 - - Ot.plastes/strips, alumin.n/alloys t>0.2mm,squar/rect
US 76061130 - - Aluminum (o/than alloy), plates/sheets/strip,w/thick. o/0.2mm, rectangular (incl. sq), not clad
3.0/2.7*
76061160 - - Aluminum (o/than alloy), plates/sheets/strip,w/thick. o/0.2mm, rectangular (incl. sq), clad
Mexico 76061101 - - Strips or sheets in rolls, with an aluminum content of 93% or more, with a tensile strength equal to or greate
0/5* the Preparation of containers for beverages or food.
76061199 - - Others

760612 Russia
EU 5 miscellaneous 0 5 7.5 0
UAE 0/7.5 miscellaneous 0 4 7.5 0
Russia 0/7.5 5 0 5 7.5 0
Canada 0 5 miscellaneous 5 7.5 0
Australia 0/7.5 5 miscellaneous 0 7.5 0
India 0/7.5 5 miscellaneous 0 4 0
South Africa 0 5 miscellaneous 0 5 7.5
Brazil 0/7.5 5 miscellaneous 0 4 7.5 0
China 0/7.5 5 miscellaneous 0 0 7.5 0
Japan 0/7.5 5 miscellaneous 0 0 0 (5) 0
US 0/7.5 5 miscellaneous 0 0 7.5 0
Taiwan 0/7.5 5 miscellaneous 0 4 7.5 0
Hong Kong 0/7.5 5 miscellaneous 0 4 7.5 0
South Korea 0 5 miscellaneous 0 0 0 0
Mexico 0 5 miscellaneous 0 4 7.5 0
Turkey 0 5 miscellaneous 0 4 7.5 0
Vietnam 0/4 5 miscellaneous* 0 0 0 0

Indonesia 0/4 5 miscellaneous 0 0 0 0
0 (3): The South Korea-Turkey FTA states that the tariffs imposed by South Korea will be staged in six years from the ba
Year 6.
0/1* (6): 0/1 in 2018; 0/0.5 in 2019. 0 after 2020
Russia miscellaneous
7606122001 Strips for jalousie
7606122002 Multilayer panels
7606122009 Other
7606129201 Strips for jalousie
7606129209 Other
7606129309 Other
7606129900 Not less than 6 mm
Brazil
76061210 - - Plastes of alumin.alloys, 0.2=1468mm, polish.
76061220 - -Ot.plastes of alum.n/alloys t>0.2mm, squar.tenor silic.
76061290 - -Oth.plates and strips, of alluminium alloys, th>0.2mm
China
Japan
all others
US
76061230 Aluminum alloy, plates/sheets/strip, w/thick.o/0.2mm, rectangular (incl. sq), not clad
76061260 Aluminum alloy, plates/sheets/strip, w/thick.o/0.2mm, rectangular (incl. sq), clad
Mexico 76061201 - - Strips or sheets in rolls, with an aluminum content of 93% or more, with a tensile strength equal to or greate
0/5* the Preparation of containers for beverages or food.
76061202 - - For aircraft
76061203 - -Anodized in rolls, other than those of 7606.12.01.
76061299 - - others
Vietnam
76061220 - - - Aluminium plates, not sensitised, of a kind used in the printing industry
76061232 - - - - For making can stock including end stock and tab stock, in coils
76061233 - - - - Other, of aluminium alloy 5082 or 5182, exceeding 1 m in width, in coils
76061234 - - - - Other, litho grade sheet alloy HA 1052 hardness temper H19 and alloy HA 1050 hardness temper H18
76061235 - - - - Other, surface worked
76061239 - - - - Other
76061290 - - - Other
Indonesia
76061220 - - - Aluminium plates, not sensitised, of a kind used in the printing industry
76061232 - - - - For making can stock including end stock and tab stock, in coils
76061233 - - - - Other, of aluminium alloy 5082 or 5182, exceeding 1 m in width, in coils
76061234 - - - - Other, litho grade sheet alloy HA 1052 hardness temper H19 and alloy HA 1050 hardness temper H18
76061235 - - - - Other, surface worked
76061239 - - - - Other
76061290 - - - Other
760691 Russia
EU 5 12 0 5 7.5 0
UAE 7.5 12 0 4 7.5 0
Russia 7.5 5 0 5 7.5 0
Canada 7.5 5 12 5 7.5 0
Australia 7.5 5 12 0 7.5 0
India 4 5 12 0 4 0
Brazil 7.5 5 12 0 4 7.5 0
China 7.5 5 12 0 0 7.5 0
Japan 7.5 5 12 0 0 1.4/0 (5)* 0
US 7.5 5 12 0 0 7.5 0
Taiwan 7.5 5 12 0 4 7.5 0
Hong Kong 7.5 5 12 0 4 7.5 0
South Korea 0 5 12 0 0 0 0
Mexico 0 5 12 0 4 7.5 0
Turkey 0 5 12 0 4 7.5 0
Vietnam 4 5 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesia 4 5 12 0 0 0 0
2 (3): The South Korea-Turkey FTA states that the tariffs imposed by South Korea will be staged in eight years from the b
Year 6, tariff is 2%.Year 8 is 2020
0/1.4 (5)*: For 76069110, 76069120, the India-Japan FTA states that the tariffs imposed by India will be staged in eleven
comes into force (2011), tariff was 4.5%. 2018 is Year 8, tariff is 1.4% (after 1 April, it will be 1.8% before) .Year 11 is 202
For 76069190, the tariff is staged in 6 years from the base rate of 5%, thus their tariffs have become 0% since 2016.
India 76069110 Aluminium plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2 mm: Other: Of aluminium, not alloyed: Circl
1.4/0*
76069120 Aluminium plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2 mm: Other: Of aluminium, not alloyed: Elec
76069160 Aluminium plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2 mm: Other: Of aluminium, not alloyed: Othe
US 76069130 Aluminum (o/than alloy), plates/sheets/strip, w/thick. o/0.2mm, o/than rectangular (incl. sq), not clad
3/2.7*
76069160 Aluminum (o/than alloy), plates/sheets/strip,w/thick. o/0.2mm, o/than rectangular (incl. sq), clad
Mexico 76069101 For aircraft
0/3*
76069199 Others

760692 Russia
EU 5 12 0 5 7.5 0
UAE 7.5 12 0 4 7.5 0
Russia 7.5 5 0 5 7.5 0
Canada 7.5 5 12 5 7.5 0
Australia 7.5 5 12 0 7.5 0
India 4 5 12 0 4 0
Brazil 7.5 5 12 0 4 7.5 0
China 7.5 5 12 0 0 7.5 0
Japan 7.5 5 12 0 0 0 0
US 7.5 5 12 0 0 7.5 0
Taiwan 7.5 5 12 0 4 7.5 0
Hong Kong 7.5 5 12 0 4 7.5 0
South Korea 0 5 12 0 0 0 0
Mexico 0 5 12 0 4 7.5 0
Turkey 0 5 12 0 4 7.5 0
Vietnam 4 5 12 0 0 0 0
Indonesia 4 5 12 0 0 0 0
2 (3): The South Korea-Turkey FTA states that the tariffs imposed by South Korea will be staged in eight years from the b
Year 6, tariff is 2%.Year 8 is 2020
12 (6): 10.9 in 2019; 9.1 in 2020; 7.3 in 2021; 5.5 in 2022; 3.6 in 2023; 1.8 in 2024; 0 aftwards

Japan
all others
76069290 Aluminium plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2mm : Rectangular (including square) : Of al
US
76069230 Aluminum (o/than alloy), plates/sheets/strip, w/thick. o/0.2mm, o/than rectangular (incl. sq), not clad
76069260 Aluminum (o/than alloy), plates/sheets/strip,w/thick. o/0.2mm, o/than rectangular (incl. sq), clad
Mexico 76069201 For aircrafts
0/2.5*
76069299 others
Data: WTO, Indian Trade Portal, Customs of the PRC, Vietnam Customs, Japan Customs, EU Market Access Database, Government of Candada, Australia Custom
Turkey Customs, South Korea Customs
760691 760692
Brazil (2018) China (2018) Japan US (2018) Taiwan Hong Kong South Korea Mexico Turkey
(2018) (2018) (2018) (2018) (2017) (2018)
Brazil China Japan US Taiwan Hong Kong South Korea Mexico Turkey
6 0 0 2.6/0 0 0 0 (1) 0 0
6 0 0 2.6/0 0 0 1 0 0
6 0 0 2.6/0 0 0 1 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
6 0 2.6/0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 2.6/0 0 0 1 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 2.6/0 0 1 0 0
6 0 0 2.6/0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 2.6/0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 2.6/0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
eement expires.
even years from the base rate of 5%, effective from 1 April of each year, until reaching 0% in Year 11. Year 1 is the year the agreement comes into force (2011),
worthiness certificates
length & w/least crosssectionaldimension n/o 9.5 mm
6 7 0 2.6/2.1/0* 0/1* 0 0 (1) 0 0

6 7 0 2.6/2.1/0* 0/1* 0 1/3/1 0 0
6 7 0 2.6/2.1/0* 0/1* 0 1/3/1 0 0
6 7 0 0 0/1* 0 0 0 0
6 1.4 0 0 0/1* 0 0 0 0
6 6 0 0/2.1/0** 0/1* 0 0 0 0
6 7 0 0 0/1* 0 1/3/1 0 0
7 0 0/2.1/0** 0/1* 0 1/3/1 0 0
6 0 2.6/2.1/0* 0/1* 0 0.5/1.5/0.5 0 0
6 7 2.6/2.1/0* 0/1* 0 1/3/1 0 0
6 7 0 0/1* 0 0 0 0
6 7 0 2.6/2.1/0* 0 1/3/1 0 0
6 7 0 2.6/2.1/0* 0/1* 1/3/1 0 0
6 1.4 0 0 0/1* 0 0 0
6 7 0 0 0/1* 0 1/3/1 0
6 7 0 0/2.1/0** 0/1* 0 0 0
6 0 0 2.6/2.1/0* 0/1* 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0/2.1/0** 0/1* 0 0 0 0
eement expires.
worthiness certificates
by India will be staged in eleven years from the base rate of 5%, effective from 1 April of each year, until reaching 0% in Year 11. Year 1 is the year the agreeme
8% before) .Year 11 is 2021.
ve become 0% since 2016.
by India will be staged in eleven years from the base rate of 5%, effective from 1 April of each year, until reaching 0% in Year 11. Year 1 is the year the agreeme
8% before) .Year 11 is 2021.
ve become 0% since 2016.
& w/least crosssectional dimension n/o 9.5 mm
unwrought. other aluminium alloys,unwrought
12 5 7.5 5/2.6/3* 5 0 0 (1) 0/5* 0

12 5 7.5 5/2.6/3* 5 0 8 0/5* 4
12 5 7.5 5/2.6/3* 5 0 8 0/5* 4
12 5 7.5 0 5 0 0 0/5* 7.5
12 0 0 0 5 0 0 0/5* 7.5
12 5 0 0 5 0 0 0/5* 4
12 5 6 0 5 0 8 0/5* 4
5 6 0 5 0 8 0/5* 4
12 6 5/2.6/3* 5 0 0 0/5* 4
12 5 5/2.6/3* 5 0 8 0/5* 7.5
12 5 7.5 5 0 0 0/5* 7.5
12 5 7.5 5/2.6/3* 0 8 0/5* 7.5
12 5 7.5 5/2.6/3* 5 0 0/5* 7.5
12 1/3.6* 7.5 1.5/0/0.9** 5 0 0/5* 0
12 5 0 0 5 0 8 4
12 5 6 0 5 0 0 0/5*
12 0 0 5/2.6/3* 5 0 0 0/5* 4
12 0 0 0 5 0 0 0/5* 4
eement expires.
riff for goods imported with airworthiness certificates. Also tariff suspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or pro
tariff suspension
ircr: tariff suspension
ing or production platforms (01-07-2016 - )
ears from the base rate of 5%, effective from 1 April of each year, until reaching 0% in Year 6. Year 1 is the year the agreement comes into force (2011), tariff w
ill become 1.7 in 2019; and 0 after 2020.
.5 in 2022; 0/0/3.6 in 2023; 0/0/1.8 in 2024; 0 afterwards
mm
o
manufacture of electrical conductors.
5/10
5
10
12 5 7.5 1.5 5 0 0 (1) 0 0

12 5 7.5 1.5 5 0 8 0 4
12 5 7.5 1.5 5 0 8 0 4
12 5 7.5 0 5 0 0 0 7.5
12 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 7.5
12 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 4
12 5 6 0 5 0 8 0 4
5 6 0 5 0 8 0 4
12 6 1.5 5 0 0 0 4
12 5 1.5 5 0 8 0 7.5
12 5 7.5 5 0 0 0 7.5
12 5 7.5 1.5 0 8 0 7.5
12 5 7.5 1.5 5 0 0 7.5
12 3.6 7.5 0 5 0 0 0
12 5 0 0 5 0 8 4
12 5 6 0 5 0 0 0
12 0 0 1.5 5 0 0 0 4
12 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 4
eement expires.
worthiness certificates. Also tariff suspension - goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms (01-07-2016
for use in the manufacture of goods of heading 8302
erwards
2/12* 5 7.5 5/2.6/3* 5 0 0 (1) 3/5/0* 0

2/12* 5 7.5 5/2.6/3* 5 0 8 3/5/0* 4
2/12* 5 7.5 5/2.6/3* 5 0 8 3/5/0* 4

2/12* 5 7.5 0 5 0 1.6/0* 3/5/0* 7.5
2/12* 0 0 0 5 0 0 3/5/0* 7.5
2/12* 3.5 0 0 5 0 0 3/5/0* 4
2/12* 5 6 0 5 0 8 3/5/0* 4
5 6 0 5 0 8 3/5/0* 4
2/12* 6 5/2.6/3* 5 0 0 3/5/0* 4
2/12* 5 5/2.6/3* 5 0 8 3/5/0* 7.5
2/12* 5 7.5 5 0 0 3/5/0* 7.5
2/12* 5 7.5 5/2.6/3* 0 8 3/5/0* 7.5
2/12* 5 7.5 5/2.6/3* 5 0 3/5/0* 7.5
2/12* 3.6/1* 7.5 1.5/0** 5 0 3/5/0* 0
2/12* 5 0 0 5 0 8 4
2/12* 5 6 0 5 0 0 3/5/0*
2/12* 0 0 5/2.6/3* 5 0 0 3/5/0* 4
2/12* 0 0 0 5 0 0 3/5/0* 4
eement expires.
even years from the base rate of 5%, effective from 1 April of each year, until reaching 0% in Year 11. Year 1 is the year the agreement comes into force (2011),
7 in 2022; 0/0/1.8 in 2023; 0/0/0.9 in 2024; 0 after 2025

in 2022; 0/0/3.6 in 2023; 0/0/1.8 in 2024; 0 afterwards
ation.jsp?Lang=en
but not exceeding 160 mm
ods : Column solid aluminum alloy

ods : Other bars, rods and profiles, of aluminium alloys
S.K on S.K on S.K on

Canada, Canada, Canada,
2015 2016 2017
6.4 4.8 3.2
0 0 0
0.40% copper,0.8 to 1.2% magnesium, 0.04 to 0.35% chromium, in addition to The other elements
5/10/10
5
10
10
On others
5
15
15
2/12* 4 2 3.0/2.7* 6.5 0 0 (1) 0/5* 0

2/12* 4 2 3.0/2.7* 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
2/12* 4 2 3.0/2.7* 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
2/12* 4 2 0 6.5 0 0 0/5* 7.5
2/12* 1.2 0 0 6.5 0 0 (2) 0/5* 7.5
1.6/12** 4 0 0 6.5 0 0 0/5* 4
2/12* 4 1.6 0 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
4 1.6 0 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
2/12* 1.6 3.0/2.7* 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
2/12* 4 3.0/2.7* 6.5 0 8 0/5* 7.5
2/12* 4 2 6.5 0 8 0/5* 7.5
2/12* 4/4/0/0* 2 3.0/2.7* 0 8 0/5* 7.5
2/12* 4/4/0/0* 2 3.0/2.7* 6.5 8 0/5* 7.5
2/12* 1.2/4/0/3.6** 2 0 6.5 0 0/5* 1.9 (4)
2/12* 4 0 0 6.5 0 8 4
2/12* 4 1.6 0 6.5 0 0 (3) 0/5*
2/12* 0 0 3.0/2.7* 6.5 0 0 0/5* 4
2/12* 0 0 0 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
eement expires.
taged in 5 years. Year 1 is 80% of the base rate of 8%, and 0 by 1 January, Year 5. Year 1 is the year when the agreement comes into force (2014). Year 5 is 20
e staged in six years from the base rate of 8%, i.e, free duty from 1 January of Year 6. Year 1 is the year the agreement comes into force (2013), tariff was 6.7%
aged in eight years from the base rate of 7.5%, i.e, free duty from 1 January of Year 8. Year 1 is the year the agreement comes into force (2013), tariff was 6.6%
5 in 2022; 3.6/3.6 in 2023; 1.8/1.8 in 2024; 0 afterwards
ation.jsp?Lang=en
angular (including square) : Of aluminium, not alloyed : Of a thickness of 0.30mm or more but not exceeding 0.36mm : Aluminum-plastic composite
angular (including square) : Of aluminium, not alloyed : Of a thickness of 0.30mm or more but not exceeding 0.36mm : Other
angular (including square) : Of aluminium, not alloyed : Other : Aluminum-plastic composite
angular (including square) : Of aluminium, not alloyed : Other : Other
(incl. sq), not clad

(incl. sq), clad
tensile strength equal to or greater than 2,812 kg / cm² and with a minimum elongation of 1% in 5 cm in length, recognizable exclusively for
2/12* 6 0/2** 3/6.5* 6.5 0 0 (1) 0/5* 0

2/12* 6 0/2** 3/6.5* 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
2/12* 6 0/2** 3/6.5* 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
2/12* 6 0/2** 0 6.5 0 0 0/5* 7.5
2/12* 1.2 0 0 6.5 0 0 (2) 0/5* 7.5
9.6/2/12** 4.2 0 0 6.5 0 0 0/5* 4
2/12* 6 0/1.6* 0 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
6 0/1.6* 0 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
2/12* 0/1.6* 3/6.5* 6.5 0 0 0/5* 4
2/12* 4.2 3/6.5* 6.5 0 8 0/5* 7.5
2/12* 6 0/2** 6.5 0 0 0/5* 7.5
2/12* 0/6** 0/2** 3/6.5* 0 8 0/5* 7.5
2/12* 0 0/2** 3/6.5* 6.5 8 0/5* 7.5
2/12* 1.2/3.6/4.4* 0/2** 0/1.9** 6.5 0 0/5* 1.9 (4)
2/12* 6 0 0 6.5 0 8 4
2/12* 6 0/1.6* 0 6.5 0 0 (3) 0/5*
2/12* 0 0 3/6.5* 6.5 0 0 0/5* 4

2/12* 0 0 3/0*** 6.5 0 0 0/5* 4
eement expires.
e staged in six years from the base rate of 8%, i.e, free duty from 1 January of Year 6. Year 1 is the year the agreement comes into force (2013), tariff was 6.7%
ation.jsp?Lang=en
miscellaneou Viet 2017* Viet 2018* Viet 2019* Viet 2020* Viet 2021* Viet 2022* Viet 2023*
s
15 14.5 12.7 10.9 9.1 7.3 5.5 3.6
12 12 12 10.9 9.1 7.3 5.5 3.6
10 5 3.3 1.7 0 0 0 0
15 14.5 12.7 10.9 9.1 7.3 5.5 3.6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 5 3.3 1.7 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 12 12 10.9 9.1 7.3 5.5 3.6
12 12 12 10.9 9.1 7.3 5.5 3.6
angular (including square) : Of aluminium alloys : Of a thickness less than 0.28 mm

angular (including square) : Of aluminium alloys : Of a thickness of 0.28 mm or more but not exceeding 0.35mm
angular (including square) : Of aluminium alloys : Of a thickness of 0.35 mm or more but not exceeding 4mm : Aluminum-plastic composite
angular (including square) : Of aluminium alloys : Of a thickness of 0.35 mm or more but not exceeding 4mm : Other
angular (including square) : Of aluminium alloys : Other

3/6.5*
3
6.5
tensile strength equal to or greater than 2,812 kg / cm² and with a minimum elongation of 1% in 5 cm in length, recognizable exclusively for
On Japan On others
0 0
0 3
0 3
HA 1050 hardness temper H18 0.5 3
0.5 3
0.5 3
0 3
0/4.5/5/6**
HA 1050 hardness temper H18

12 6 2 3/2.7* 6.5 0 0 (1) 0/3* 0

12 6 2 3/2.7* 6.5 0 8 0/3* 4
12 6 2 3/2.7* 6.5 0 8 0/3* 4
12 6 2 0 6.5 0 0 0/3* 7.5
12 1.2 0 0 6.5 0 0 (2) 0/3* 7.5
12 6 0 0 6.5 0 0 0/3* 4
12 6 1.6 0 6.5 0 8 0/3* 4
6 1.6 0 6.5 0 8 0/3* 4
12 1.6 3/2.7* 6.5 0 0 0/3* 4
12 6 3/2.7* 6.5 0 8 0/3* 7.5
12 6 2 6.5 0 0 0/3* 7.5
12 0 2 3/2.7* 0 8 0/3* 7.5
12 0 2 3/2.7* 6.5 8 0/3* 7.5
12 4.4 2 0 6.5 0 0/3* 1.9 (4)
12 6 0 0 6.5 0 8 4
12 6 1.6 0 6.5 0 2 (3) 0/3*
12 0 0 3/2.7* 6.5 0 0 0/3* 4
12 0 0 0 6.5 0 0 0/3* 4
eement expires.
e staged in eight years from the base rate of 8%, i.e, free duty from 1 January of Year 8. Year 1 is the year the agreement comes into force (2013), tariff was 7%
by India will be staged in eleven years from the base rate of 5%, effective from 1 April of each year, until reaching 0% in Year 11. Year 1 is the year the agreem
l be 1.8% before) .Year 11 is 2021.
have become 0% since 2016.
ation.jsp?Lang=en
: Of aluminium, not alloyed: Circles

: Of aluminium, not alloyed: Electrolytic plates or sheets
: Of aluminium, not alloyed: Other
ngular (incl. sq), not clad
gular (incl. sq), clad
12 10 0/2** 3/6.5* 6.5 0 0 (1) 0/5* 0

12 10 0/2** 3/6.5* 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
12 10 0/2** 3/6.5* 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
12 10 0/2** 0 6.5 0 0 0/5* 7.5
12 2 0 0 6.5 0 0 (2) 0/5* 7.5
12 10 0 0 6.5 0 0 0/5* 4
12 10 0/1.6* 0 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
10 0/1.6* 0 6.5 0 8 0/5* 4
12 0/1.6* 3/6.5* 6.5 0 0 0/5* 4
12 10 3/6.5* 6.5 0 8 0/5* 7.5
12 10 0/2** 6.5 0 0 0/5* 7.5
12 0 0/2** 3/6.5* 0 8 0/5* 7.5
12 0 0/2** 3/6.5* 6.5 8 0/5* 7.5
12 7.3 0/2** 0.9/1.9** 6.5 0 0/5* 1.9 (4)
12 10 0 0 6.5 0 8 4
12 10 0/1.6* 0 6.5 0 2 (3) 0/5*
12 0 0 3/6.5* 6.5 0 0 0/5* 4
12 0 0 0 6.5 0 0 0/5* 4
eement expires.
e staged in eight years from the base rate of 8%, i.e, free duty from 1 January of Year 8. Year 1 is the year the agreement comes into force (2013), tariff was 7%
wards
ation.jsp?Lang=en
ngular (incl. sq), not clad

ngular (incl. sq), clad
nment of Candada, Australia Customs, Brazil Customs, South Africa Customs, Taiwan Customs, Eurasian Commission, UAE Customs, Mexico Customs, Indonesian National Singl
Vietnam Indonesia
(2018) (2018) Back to
contents
Vietnam Indonesia
3 0
3 0
0 0
3 0
0 0
1 0
3 0
3 0
0 0
0 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
0 0
3 0
3 0
0
0
ement comes into force (2011), tariff was
2.6
0
Vietnam Indonesia
3 0
3 0
0 0
3 0
0 0
1 0
3 0
3 0
0 0
0 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
0 0
3 0
3 0
0
0
. Year 1 is the year the agreement comes
. Year 1 is the year the agreement comes
0
5
5
0
5
0
1.4
0
0
1.4
2.6/2.1/0* 0/2.1/0**
2.6 0
2.1 2.1
0 0
0
0
1
On China 1/3/1
0.5 1
1.5 3
0.5 1
0/4
0
4
6
Vietnam Indonesia
5/10 5
5/10 5
0/3.3 (3) 5
5/10 5
0 0
5/7** 0
5/10 5
5/10 5
0 0
1 0/5
5/10 5
5/10 5
5/10 5
0 0
5/10 5
5/10 5
0
0
er vessels and for drilling or production
comes into force (2011), tariff was 4.2%.
0/10/12* 0/5/12**
0 0
10 5
12 12
5
5
5
0
1
3.6
5/2.6/3* 1.5/0/0.9**
5 1.5
2.6 0
3 0.9
0
5
5
0/3.3* 5/7**
0 5
3.3 7
On Japan
0
5
Vietnam Indonesia
10 5
10 5
3.3 (3) 5
10 5
0 0
3 0
10 5
10 5
0 0
1 0
10 5
10 5
10 5
0 0
10 5
10 5
0
0
roduction platforms (01-07-2016 - )
5
0
Vietnam Indonesia
5/10/10 5/15
5/10/10 5/15
1.7/3.3/6.4
(3) 5/15
5/10/10 5/15
0 0
1/3/3** 4/5
5/10/10 5/15
5/10/10 5/15
0 0
1 5/0
5/10/10 5/15
5/10/10 5/15
5/10/10 5/15
0 0
5/10/10 5/15
5/10/10 5/15
0
0
ement comes into force (2011), tariff was
0/10/10 0/3.3/10*
0 0
10 3.3
10 10
15/0 7.5/15/0
15 7.5
15 15
0 0
2
12
12
3.6
1
5/2.6/3* 1.5/0**
5 1.5
2.6 0
3 0
S.K on S.K on
Canada, Canada,
2018 2019 after
1.6 0
0 0
3
5
0
1.7/3.3/6.4 1/3/3**
(3)
2.5 2
5 4
7 4
On Japan On India
5 4
0 5
0 5
Vietnam Indonesia
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 0
0 5
0 10
0 10
0 0
0 0
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 0
0 10
0 10
0
0
es into force (2014). Year 5 is 2018

nto force (2013), tariff was 6.7%. 2018 is
12/15 12/12.7*
12 12
12 12
15 12.7
12 12
4/4/0/0* 1.2/4/0/3.6**
4 1.2
4 4
0 0
0 3.6
2/12* 1.6/12**
2 1.6
12 12
3
2.7
0
5
Vietnam Indonesia
0/3 0/5/10
0/3 0/5/10
0/1* (6) 0/5/10
0/3 0/5/10
0 0
0/1 0/4/5
0/3 0/5/10
0/3 0/5/10
0 0
0/0.5 0
0/3 0/5/10
0/3 0/5/10
0/3 0/5/10
0 0
0/3 0/5/10
0/3 0/5/10
0
0


Viet 2024* Viet 2025+*

1.8 0
1.8 0
0 0
1.8 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1.8 0
1.8 0
2/12* 9.6/2/12**
12 9.6
2 2
12 12
1.2/3.6/4.4* 0/6**
4.4 0
4.4 0
3.6 6
4.4 6
1.2 6
0/1.6* 0/2**
0 0
1.6 2
0/1.9** 3/0***
0 3
1.9 0
0
0
5
5
On Russia On India
0 0
0 1
0 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
On Others On India
10 5
10 5
5 4
0 0
5 4
5 4
10 5
Vietnam Indonesia
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 0
0 5
0 10
0 10
0 0
0 0
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 0
0 10
0 10
0
0

s into force (2013), tariff was 7%. 2018 is
1. Year 1 is the year the agreement
1.4
1.4
0
3
2.7
0
3
Vietnam Indonesia
3 10
3 10
0 10
3 10
0 0
1 5
3 10
3 10
0 0
0.5 0
3 10
3 10
3 10
0 0
3 10
3 10
0
0

s into force (2013), tariff was 7%. 2018 is
0/1.6* 0/2**
0 0
1.6 2
3/6.5* 0.9/1.9**
3 0.9
6.5 1.9
0
2.5
Customs, Indonesian National Single Window,

Table S.22: CRU's estimates of secondary billet production capacity
Region Country Producer

Europe ex. Russia Luxembourg Hydro
Europe ex. Russia United Kingdom Hydro
Europe ex. Russia Germany Hydro
Europe ex. Russia France Hydro
Europe ex. Russia Spain Hydro
Europe ex. Russia Germany Hydro
United States United States Hydro
United States United States Nanshan
Rest of Asia Taiwan Hydro
United States United States Matalco
Europe ex. Russia Various Hydro
Canada Ontario Matalco
United States United States OVACO
Mexico Mexico Cuprum
Mexico Mexico Aluminicaste
United States United States Signature
United States United States Pennex
United States United States Service Center Metals
Mexico Mexico Indalum
United States MI Kaiser
Canada Ontario Kaiser
Canada Quebec Shawinigan
Canada Ontario Hydro
Canada Ontario Signature
United States NJ Aluminum Shapes
United States TN Bonnell
United States XX Vista
United States GA Bonnell
United States OH Alcoa
United States XX TST
Mexico Mexico Extrusiones Metalicas
United States CA Kaiser
United States TX Kaiser
United States OH Kaiser
United States PA Pennex
United States TX Tower
United States NY Keymark
United States IN Alcoa
United States FL Benada
United States CA Sierra
United States OH Magnode
United States MI Taber
United States VA Kaiser
United States AZ Alcoa
United States CA Almex
United States XX Brazeway
C&S America Argentina MDT
C&S America Brazil Hydro
C&S America Brazil Alloys Para
C&S America Brazil Alloys Representacoes
C&S America Brazil Alumax
C&S America Brazil Alumínio Perfileve
C&S America Brazil Ibrame
C&S America Brazil Votorantim
C&S America Brazil Metalis
C&S America Brazil Metalis
Europe ex. Russia Austria Alu-met
Europe ex. Russia Austria HAI
Europe ex. Russia Austria Neuman
Europe ex. Russia Austria Salzburger
Europe ex. Russia Czech Republic Constellium
Europe ex. Russia Finland Makela
Europe ex. Russia Finland Purso Oy
Europe ex. Russia France OpenGate Capital
Europe ex. Russia Germany Alu-met
Europe ex. Russia Germany Zhongwang
Europe ex. Russia Germany Wutoschingen
Europe ex. Russia Germany Hettstedt
Europe ex. Russia Germany Apt Hiller & Maldaner
Europe ex. Russia Germany Constellium
Europe ex. Russia Germany Eduard Hueck
Europe ex. Russia Germany Erbsloh
Europe ex. Russia Germany Gartner
Europe ex. Russia Germany HMT
Europe ex. Russia Germany IQ
Europe ex. Russia Germany Otto Fuchs
Europe ex. Russia Germany Signature
Europe ex. Russia Germany Thoni
Europe ex. Russia Germany Trimet
Europe ex. Russia Greece Alumil
Europe ex. Russia Greece Elval
Europe ex. Russia Greece EP AL ME
Europe ex. Russia Greece Etem
Europe ex. Russia Greece Exalco
Europe ex. Russia Italy All Co
Europe ex. Russia Italy BBC
Europe ex. Russia Italy DERAL
Europe ex. Russia Italy Intals Somet
Europe ex. Russia Italy Metalba
Europe ex. Russia Italy Metra
Europe ex. Russia Italy Metra
Europe ex. Russia Italy Novellini
Europe ex. Russia Italy Ocma
Europe ex. Russia Italy Pandolfo
Europe ex. Russia Italy Profilati Italia
Europe ex. Russia Italy Viba
Europe ex. Russia Netherlands apt Kurvers
Europe ex. Russia Netherlands E-Max
Europe ex. Russia Serbia Impol
Europe ex. Russia Spain Alucofer
Europe ex. Russia Spain Aluminios Cortizo
Europe ex. Russia Spain EuroProfil
Europe ex. Russia Spain Lacados Benavente
Europe ex. Russia Switzerland Alu Menziken
Europe ex. Russia Switzerland Laufen
Europe ex. Russia Switzerland Constellium
Europe ex. Russia Albania Alumil
Europe ex. Russia Belarus AluminTechno
Europe ex. Russia Bulgaria Alcomet
Europe ex. Russia Latvia Dilers
Europe ex. Russia Poland Eurometal
Europe ex. Russia Poland Grupa Kety
Europe ex. Russia Poland Walcownie
Europe ex. Russia Romania UAC
Europe ex. Russia Romania HAI
Europe ex. Russia Serbia Nissal
Europe ex. Russia Slovenia Impol
Europe ex. Russia Ukraine ALUMASH
Europe ex. Russia Ukraine Solur
Rest of Asia Azerbaijan Azenco ASC
Rest of Asia Indonesia Alca
Rest of Asia Indonesia Inkalum
Rest of Asia Malaysia Compact Metal Industries
Rest of Asia Malaysia El Aluminium
Rest of Asia Malaysia Formosa
Rest of Asia Malaysia PA Resources
Rest of Asia Malaysia Press Metal
Rest of Asia Malaysia Selaco
Rest of Asia Malaysia Splendid
Rest of Asia Taiwan SuperAlloy
Rest of Asia Taiwan Formosa
Rest of Asia Thailand Alu Plus
Rest of Asia Thailand CAP CEL
Rest of Asia Thailand Krun Thai
Rest of Asia Thailand Sankyo Tateyama
Rest of Asia Thailand Sunkao
Rest of Asia Thailand UAI
Rest of Asia Uzbekistan AKFA
Rest of Asia Vietnam GVA
Rest of Asia Vietnam LIXIL
Rest of Asia Vietnam Shalumi
Middle East UAE TALEX
Middle East Syria Masouh
Middle East Syria Syral
Middle East Bahrain Balexco
Middle East KSA Alupco
Middle East UAE Emirates Extrusion
Africa Egypt Al Hakim
Africa Egypt Inter Cairo
Africa Libya I C Libya
South Korea South Korea SashDongyang
South Korea South Korea
South Korea South Korea CheongSong JungAng
South Korea South Korea Hamman
South Korea South Korea Standard Group
Japan Japan Fuji Light Metal
Japan Japan Honda
Japan Japan Kobe Steel
Japan Japan Mitsubishi
Japan Japan Oyama Furukawa Sky
Japan Japan Sankyo Material
Japan Japan Showa Denko K.K.
Japan Japan Tostem Maebashi
Japan Japan Washin Kogyo
Japan Japan YKK AP
Russia Russia AGRISOVGAZ
Russia Russia BK-Alprof
Russia Russia Doorhan
Russia Russia Krimsk
Russia Russia KUMZ
Russia Russia LPZ Segal
Russia Russia Mosmek
Russia Russia Nexus VKM
Russia Russia Obninsk
Russia Russia Tatprof
Russia Russia VMK Invest
India India Alom
India India Alumeco
India India Banco
India India Bhoruka
India India Century
India India Chemiplast
India India Indo Alusys
India India Jindal
India India Kesari
India India Manaksia
India India Metenere
India India Narmada
India India Pankaj
India India Salco
India India Sudarshan
India India Superfine
India India Valco
India India White Metals
Data: CRU Notes: *Planned capacity not yet constructed
Back to
Site Capacity ('000t) contents
Clervaux 115
Deeside 63
Rackwitz 100
Luce 60
Azuqueca 80
Hannover -
Sapa US 657
Nanshan IN 181
Hydro Taiwan -
Lordstown 159
Sapa Europe 555
Brampton 115
OVACO 114
Commerce 110
Monterrey 105
Bluffton 102
Aluminicaste 100
Henderson 90
Signature NJ 85
Canton 65
Kentucky 100
Greenville 80
Prince George 79
Nuevo Leon 72
Kalamazoo 70
London 60
Shawinigan 60
Sapa North York 90
Pickering 55
Delair 54
Carthage 50
Vista 50
Newnan 44
Barberton 43.5
TST 40
Veracruz 36
Kaiser LA 35
Sherman 35
Newark 35
Wellsville 35
Olney 30
Fonda 25
Lafayette 20
Sanford 17
Riverside 15
Trenton 13
Gulfport 10
Bellwood -
Chandler -
Anaheim -
Brazeway -
Buenos Aires 15
Itapissuma 20
Pocos de Caldas 35
Para 60
Alloys Representacoes -
Alumax 20
Aluminio Perfileve 10
Joinville 12
Aracariguama 75
Aluminium Northeast 108
Metalisul 95
Itu 30
Schlins 96
Ranshofen 70
Marktl 10
Lend -
Decin 92
Luoma-Aho 8
Siuro 20
Ham 5
Nachrodt 65
Unna 16.6
Wutöschingen 35
Hettstedt -
Monheim 40
Singen -
Lüdenscheid 54
Velbert 30
Gundelfingen 7
Hettstedt 11
Hannover 12
Meinerzhagen 50
Bonn 25
Thoni 60
Trimet Germany 110
Thessaloniki 80
Anoxal 10
Athens 30
Magoula -
Larissa 12
Pisa 25
Bernalda 5
Brescia 60
Ambivere 40
Longarone 20
Rodengo Saiano 30
Ragusa 18
Romanore 10
Ascoli Piceno 15
Sarmeola di Rubano 85
Buccino -
Brescia -
Roermond 25
Kerkrade 70
Impol Serbia 48
El Robledo -
La Coruña 18
Rubi 10
La Coruña -
Menziken 16
Liesberg 12.5
Sierre 95
Autostrada Tirana 2.5
Minsk 14.4
Alcomet -
Riga -
Eurometal -
Kety 50
Walcownie -
UAC 8
Santana 80
Nissal 9.6
Impol Slovenia -
Dnipropetrovsk -
Lugansk 35
Baku -
Alca 40
Pauuruan City 10
Pasir Gudang 40
Melaka 24
Beranang 120
Kuala Selangor 24
Press Metal 40
Selaco 40
Selangor Darul Ehsan 40
Sueralloy Douliu 40
Formosa Douliu 75
Alu Plus -
CAP CEL 64
Krun Thai 144
Sankyo Tateyama 36
Ratchaburi -
Samutprakarn 30
Tashkent -
GVA 250
LIXIL -
Phu-Tho 16
Abu Dhabi 35
Masouh 12
Syral 13
Balexco 32
Jeddah 22
UAE 12
Al Hakim 18
Inter Cairo 18
I C Libya 14
Alutech Aluminum 41
Gogang 13
Vina 46
HIHO 100
Gyunggido 30
Seoul 84
Gyunggido 84
Kumamoto-ken 40
Honda 20
Shimonoseki 25
Susono-chi 60
Tochigi-ken 40
Takaoka -
Oyama 60
Maebashi 50
Mihara-cho 14.4
Kurobe 14.4
AGRISOVGAZ 24
BK-Alprof 6
Doorhan 18
Krimsk 24
KUMZ -
LPZ Segal 38.4
Mosmek 3
Nexus VKM 30
Obninsk 16
Tatprof 21.6
VMK Invest 5
Alom -
Alumeco -
Banco -
Bhoruka -
Century -
Baddi -
Indo Alusys -
Jindal 80
Kesari -
Manaksia -
Gandhidham 60
Narmada -
Pankaj -
Salco -
Sudarshan -
Superfine -
Valco -
White Metals -
Table S.23: CRU's estimates of selected operational secondary foundry alloy capacity
North America Canada Nemak

North America Canada Noral
North America Canada Real Industry Inc.
North America Canada Rochester Aluminum
North America Canada Scepter
North America Mexico Aluminio Y Tecnologias Siderurgicas S.A. De C.V.
North America Mexico Brembo
North America Mexico Fracsa Alloys
North America Mexico Fracsa Alloys
North America Mexico Fundicion JV S.A de C.V
North America Mexico Metales
North America Mexico Nemak
North America Mexico Rasa Aluminio
North America Mexico Real Industry Inc.
North America Mexico Toyota Tsusho
North America Mexico TST In.
North America USA Allied metals
North America USA Allotech
North America USA Alloy Resources Corp.
North America USA Audubon Metals
North America USA Real Industry Inc.
North America USA Bermco
North America USA Custom Alloy Lite Metals
North America USA Custom Alloy Lite Metals
North America USA G&S Metals
North America USA G&S Metals
North America USA Gulf Coast
North America USA Heartland
North America USA Huron Valley
North America USA Imperial Al
North America USA Imperial Al
North America USA MCA
North America USA Metalico
North America USA Metalico
North America USA MOST
North America USA MOST
North America USA Nikkei MC Aluminum
North America Canada MAP
North America USA Scepter
North America USA Spectro Alloys
North America USA State Metals
North America USA Superior Aluminum
North America USA Tennessee Aluminum Processors
North America USA Tennessee Aluminum Processors
North America USA Transmetco
North America USA Trialco
North America USA TST Inc
North America USA United Wheel
C & S America Argentina MDT

C & S America Argentina SCM
C & S America Brazil Latasa
C & S America Brazil Latasa
C & S America Brazil Mextra
Western Europe Austria Alumelt

Western Europe Austria AMAG
Western Europe Austria Gerog Fischer
Western Europe Austria Steinacher Group
Western Europe France Afimet
Western Europe France SKTB Aluminium
Western Europe Germany Aluminium Rheinfelden
Western Europe Germany Audi AG
Western Europe Germany Befesa
Western Europe Germany Hydo
Western Europe Germany Hydro
Western Europe Germany IQ Industrial Holdings
Western Europe Germany Oetinger
Western Europe Germany Scholz
Western Europe Germany Signature Group Holdings Inc
Western Europe Germany Steinacher Group
Western Europe Germany Trimet
Western Europe Germany Trimet
Western Europe Italy Intals Somet
Western Europe Italy Raffineria Metalli Capra
Western Europe Italy Raffineria Metalli Capra
Western Europe Italy Raffmetal
Western Europe Italy Società Alluminio Carisio (Sacal)
Western Europe Italy Società Alluminio Veneto
Western Europe Spain Aluminio La Estrella
Western Europe Spain Alusigma
Western Europe Spain Befesa
Western Europe Spain Befesa
Western Europe Spain Coreal
Western Europe Spain Fundial
Western Europe Spain Redisa
Western Europe Sweden Stena
Western Europe UK Automet
Western Europe UK Avon
Western Europe UK Befesa
Western Europe UK Coleshill Aluminium
Western Europe UK Evans and Reid Alloys Ltd
Western Europe UK Howarth Metals
Western Europe UK JBM International
Western Europe UK Milver Metals
Western Europe UK Norton
Western Europe UK Signature Group Holdings Inc
Western Europe UK Tandom
Western Europe UK Whitehead Alloys Ltd
Eastern Europe Czech Rep Aluhut

Eastern Europe Czech Rep Alusak
Eastern Europe Czech Rep Comax
Eastern Europe Czech Rep Remet
Eastern Europe Hungary Alublock
Eastern Europe Hungary Alumetal
Eastern Europe Hungary Eural
Eastern Europe Hungary Eurocast
Eastern Europe Hungary MAL
Eastern Europe Hungary Tatabanya
Eastern Europe Latvia Dilets
Eastern Europe Lithuania Baltical
Eastern Europe Poland Alumetal
Eastern Europe Poland Bobrek
Eastern Europe Poland Nicromet
Eastern Europe Poland Polst
Eastern Europe Russia JSC RIWord
Eastern Europe Russia LLC "LPZ "Segal"
Eastern Europe Russia UC Rusal
Eastern Europe Slovakia Confal
Eastern Europe Slovakia MTM
Eastern Europe Slovakia Sloval
Eastern Europe Ukraine Kontur-Met
Eastern Europe Ukraine Mekhanicheskyzavod
Eastern Europe Ukraine UkrSplav
Asia India Alutech India

Asia India Caparo
Asia India Century Metal Recycling Pvt. Ltd.
Asia India Century NF castings
Asia India CMR-Toyotsu Aluminium India Private Ltd.
Asia India DRE Castings
Asia India Hinduja Foundries Limited
Asia India Indo Alusys
Asia India Jaya Hind Industries
Asia India Rockman Industries
Asia Indonesia Anglo Asia Trading
Asia Indonesia Asahi Seiren
Asia Indonesia Daiki
Asia Japan Ahresty
Asia Japan Allis Sanyo
Asia Japan Asahi Seiren
Asia Japan Daiki
Asia Japan Daiki
Asia Japan Daiki
Asia Japan Daiki
Asia Japan Daiki
Asia Japan Map Kumamoto
Asia Japan Nagoya Aluminium
Asia Japan Nikkei MC Aluminium
Asia Japan Nippon Light Metals
Asia Japan Oyama Furukawa Sky
Asia Japan Summit Showa Aluminium
Asia Japan Toyotsu Smelting Tech
Asia Malaysia Anglo Asia Trading
Asia Malaysia Asiabusiness Aluminum Smelting Sdn. Bhd.
Asia Malaysia Daiki
Asia Malaysia Malaysian Aluminium & Alloys Sdn. Bhd.
Asia Malaysia N-Star Group
Asia Malaysia Ye Chiu Metal Recycling
Asia South Korea Hwaseong Trading
Asia South Korea Woo Shin Metals
Asia Thailand AL. Solution Co.
Asia Thailand Anglo Asia Trading
Asia Thailand Daiki
Asia Thailand Daiki
Asia Thailand Krun Thai Scrap Ltd.
Asia Thailand Nikkei MC Aluminum
Asia Thailand Pacific World Alloy
Asia Thailand Sunkao
Asia Thailand Umpornprasert Aluminium
Asia Thailand United Aluminium Industry
Asia Vietnam Anglo Asia Trading
Middle East Saudi Arabia Sarco

Middle East Turkey 3-A Aluminum Alloys Co.
Middle East Turkey Sahinler
Middle East UAE Emirates Recycling
Middle East UAE Lucky Alloys Limited
Australasia Australia Weston Aluminium
Africa Angola Best Angola Metal

Africa South Africa Zimalco
Data: CRU. Notes: *Planned capacity not yet constructed

Back to
Site Capacity contents
('000 tpy)
Windsor -
Laval 33
Mississauga 109
Concord 45
Saguenay
Tlaquepaque 18
Monterrey 14
Santiago de Querétaro 36
Edomex 48
Coahuila 10
Coahuila 22
Various -
Barrientos Gustavo Baz 15
Monclova 54
Zacatecas 48
Aguascalientes 30
Chicago 54
Shenboygan 11
Muskegon 20
Henderson 163
Lebabon 27
Mount Pleasant 30
Houston 16
Birmingham 110
Industry 44
Fort Scott 11
Wabash 33
Manchester 109
Tampa 11
Elkhart 16
Belleville 22
Minerva 27
Scottsboro 27
Columbus 44
Syracuse 35
Dewitt, 25
Jackson 38
Troy 87
Indiana 40
Wabash 163
- 36
Steele 54
Coldwater 163
Saignaw 109
Seneca Falls 50
Greenville 16
Bicknell 76
Minneapolis 98
Camden 44
New Haven 109
MT Pleasant 80
East Gadsden 80
Huntington 11
Chicago 22
Fontana 109
Sweetwater 11
Buenos Aires 50
Sante Fe 30
Sao Paulo 200
Curitiba 30
20
Styria 15
120
Altenmarkt 33
Schlins 80
Compiegne 65
Affinage de Lorraine 75
Rheinfelden 56
Munchsmunster 37
Bernburg 75
WMR Dormagen 36
Hanover 12
White Horn/Neu-Ulm 200
Stockach 60
Deizisau 160
Stuttgard 120
Grevenbroich 180
Tging 135
Nachrodt 80
Essen 75
Other 100
Parona 140
Castelmella 50
Montirone 50
Castro 150
Strada Complanare 100
Trebaseleghe 75
Madrid 25
Asturias 18
Vizcaya 60
Les Franqueses del Valles 60
Villadangos 15
Bilbao 10
Leon 25
Älmhult 90
Manchester -
Gloucester 15
Whitchurch 3
Warwickshire 8
Wolverhampton 8
Manchester 15 (closed)
Staffordshire 24
Coventry 27
Cannock 14
Swansea 40
Congleton 36
Middlesbrough 15
- 20
- 10
- 10
- 45
- 12
Komarom 50*
- 20
- 10
- 20
Scepter 50
Riga -
- 61
Nowa Sol 66
Gorzyee 35
Kety 65
- 20
Oświęcim -
Bestwinka -
Skawina -
Total 144
- 25
Moscow 7.5
- 18
Volkhov -
Alexeevka -
Novosemeykino -
- 15
- 5
- 2
- 10
- 12
- 10
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu 2
New Delhi 131
Haryana 48
Chennai 48
Gujarat 2
Tamil Nadu 3
Rajasthan 10
50
- 15
- 36
Jakarta 26
Kumagaya 36
Moka 320
Hirano 8
Ibaraki 36
Chubu 46
Yao 72
Other 54
Kameyama 99
Shirakawa 84
Shiga 54
Shinshiro 48
Yuki 76
56
16
144
38
Tochigi-ken 20
132
Multiple 90
- 15
Selangor -
- 30
Beranang 25
Penang -
Johor 95
- 24
- 72
Bangkok 25
- 14
Amata Nakorn 96
Amata City 18
144
Bangkok, Korat 74
Samutrprakarn -
Ratchaburi -
Samut Sakhon 5
Samutprakarn -
- 7
Jeddah 30
Sakarya 25
Ankara 30
18
Jebel Ali Free Zone – Dubai 20
Kurri Kurri 20
Luanda 4
Gauteng 30
Table S.24: CRU's estimates of selected independent wire rod production capacity
North America Canada General Cables

North America Canada Lincoln Electric (Indalco Alloys)
North America Canada Sural
North America Canada Sural
North America Mexico Condumex
North America USA Kaiser Aluminum (Nichols Wire)
North America USA Southwire
C & S America Brazil Alubar Metais e Cabos

C & S America Brazil Brascopper
C & S America Brazil General Cables
C & S America Brazil Irame
C & S America Brazil Nexans
C & S America Chile Nexans
C & S America Colombia Nexans
C & S America Colombia Procables
C & S America Uruguay MGT Montevideo
C & S America Venezuela Cabelum
C & S America Venezuela General Cables
C & S America Venezuela Interamericana de Cables
C & S America Venezuela Sural
Western Europe Belgium Lamifil

Western Europe France Trimet Aluminium
Western Europe France De Angeli Prodotti
Western Europe Greece Fulgor S.A.
Western Europe Portugal Grupo Cabelte
Western Europe Portugal Quintas & Quintas
Western Europe Spain ESAL Rod
Western Europe Spain General Cables (ECN)
Eastern Europe Hungary Inotal Aluminium

Eastern Europe Hungary Scepter Aluminum
Eastern Europe Poland Boryszew S.A. (NPA Skawina)
Eastern Europe Russia Chuvashia
Eastern Europe Russia Kolchugino
Eastern Europe Russia Perm
Eastern Europe Russia Podolsk
Eastern Europe Russia Rybinsk
Eastern Europe Russia Uglich
Asia India Apar Industries Limited

Asia India JSK Industries Limited
Asia India Hind Aluminium
Asia India Diamond Power Infrastructure Limited
Asia India KJV Alloy Conductors Private Limited
Asia India Galada Power & Telecommunications Limited
Asia India Cabcon India Private Limited/Shreyash Aluminium & Alloys Pvt ltd.
Asia India Palriwal Industries Private Limited
Asia India Arfin India Limited
Asia India Arfin India Limited
Asia India BMJ Cables Limited
Asia India Deepak Cables India Limited
Asia India JDS Transformer Ind.
Asia India Palco Metals
Asia India Sturdy Industries Limited
Asia India Murti Udyog Limited
Asia India Chemiplast
Asia India Metenere India
Asia India KEI Wires & Cables
Asia India Gulati Metal and Alloys
Asia India Ganpati Engineering Industries
Asia India Masters India
Asia India Transrail Limited (Subsidiary of Gammon India)
Asia India Vineeta Enterprises
Asia India Laser Cables
Asia India Gupta Power Infrastructure Limited
Asia India Surana Group
Asia India Sanco Industries Limited
Asia India Polycab Wires & Cables
Asia India Universal Cables Limited
Asia India Sampat Aluminium
Asia Indonesia PT KMI Wire and Cable Tbk
Asia Indonesia Jembo Cable Company
Asia Indonesia PT Tembaga Mulia Semanan
Asia Indonesia PT. Walsin Lippo Industries
Asia Japan Almine
Asia Japan Sumitomo Electric Toyama
Asia Kazakhstan Kazenergocable
Asia Malaysia Feberal Power
Asia Malaysia Leader Universal (Universal Cable)
Asia Malaysia Leader Universal (Universal Cable)
Asia Malaysia Southern Cable
Asia Malaysia Tenaga Cable Industries
Asia Malaysia Showa Denko
Asia Thailand General Cables
Asia Thailand Thai Yazaki Electric Wire
Asia Thailand Alu Plus
Asia Vietnam Tan Nghe Nam
Asia Vietnam Almine Vietnam
Asia Vietnam Nexans Vietnam Power Cable Company
Middle East Bahrain Midal Cables (Bahrain Welding Wire)

Middle East Dubai Ducab Aluminium
Middle East Dubai Trans Gulf Aluminium Industries
Middle East Iran Alumtek
Middle East Iran Resa Khotoot
Middle East Iran Zagros Koohrang
Middle East Jordan Gulf Cable
Middle East Kuwait Gulf Cable
Middle East Oman Oman Aluminium Processing Industries
Middle East Saudi Arabia Riyadh Cables
Middle East Saudi Arabia Bahra Cables
Middle East Saudi Arabia Jeddah Cable
Middle East Turkey A Kablo Sanayi ve Ticaret
Middle East Turkey Coreal
Middle East Turkey Coreal Aluminyum Kablo
Middle East Turkey EMTA Elektrik Makine Ticaret A.Ş.
Middle East Turkey Has Çelik
Middle East Turkey HES Kablo
Middle East Turkey Türkkablo
Middle East Turkey Yilka Kablo
Middle East UAE Dubai Cable
Australasia Australia Midal Cables

Australasia Australia Victory Metals
Africa Mozambique Midal Cables

Africa Nigeria Sun and Sand Industries
Africa South Africa Malesela Taihan Electric Cable (M-Tec)
Data: CRU. Notes: *Planned capacity not yet constructed

ion capacity
Wire rod
Site Product Grade Capacity Back to
('000 tpy)
contents
Jonquiere, Quebec Alloy 70
Mississauga, Ontario/Toronto EC and alloy -
Becancour, Quebec EC 85
Victoriaville, Quebec Alloy 45
Latincasa, San Luis Potosi EC -
Florence, Alabama Alloy -
Hawesville EC and alloy 200
Bracarena EC and alloy -

São Paulo -
Pocos de Caldas EC and alloy 30
Joinville -
Multiple Sites Alloy 20
Santiago -
multiple sites -
Barranquilla EC and alloy -
EC 20
Bolívar EC and alloy -
Valencia EC and alloy -
Valencia -
Puerto Ordaz EC and alloy 60
Hemiksem EC and alloy 44

Castelsarrassin 8
Parigi EC and alloy 8
Soussaki Corinth 45 (inc copper)
EC 25
Lugar do Paco EC/alloy
Gozon Alloy 15
Vitoria EC and alloy 30
Várpalota EC and alloy 30

Tatabanya EC and alloy 18
Skawina EC and alloy -
Tchuvashkabel
Electokabel EC
Kamkabel EC
Sarank 2
Rybinskkabel EC 2
Nexans EC 5
Total 180
Silvassa 68
Silvassa EC and alloy 45
Vadodara 32
Nagpur & Boregaon 24
Silvassa 22
Kolkata 24
Jharkhand 20
Ahmedabad EC 18
Ahmedabad Alloy 12
Ahmedabad 18
Tumkur & Puducherry 18
Nagpur EC and alloy 18
Ahmedabad 15
Baddi & Parwanoo EC and alloy 15
Bhiwadi 15
Baddi EC and alloy 15
Gandhidham 12
Silvassa 6
Jammu & Kashmir 5
Jaipur 0
Jammu & Kashmir
Silvassa
Ahmedabad
Howrah
Odisha
Andhra Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Daman
Satna
EC and alloy
Jakarta EC and alloy 13
Tangerang EC 11
Jakarta EC and alloy 30
Bekasi EC 24
Misumi Alloy 48
Osaka EC and alloy 30
Pavlodar 15
Shah Alam EC and alloy -
Nilai EC and alloy 100
Tampoi EC and alloy
Kedah -
Selangor Darul Ehsan EC and alloy 10
Johor Alloy 12
Bangplee EC and alloy -
Samut Prakan EC -
EC and alloy -
Long An EC -
Luong Son EC and alloy 24
-
Askar EC and alloy 260

Kizad EC 50
Kizad EC and alloy 80
Ghazvin EC and alloy -
Shahrekord EC
Shahr Kord EC and alloy 20
50
55
Sohar EC and alloy 50
Riyadh EC 60
EC 30
Alloy -
Istanbul EC and alloy 24
Kayseri EC and alloy -
Kayseri EC and alloy -
Kadirli EC and alloy 60
Kayseri EC -
Kayseri EC and alloy 40
Derince 18
Gebze EC 25
Alloy 50
Tomago EC and alloy 50

Kew Alloy -
Matola EC and alloy 50

Ogun Alloy -
EC and alloy -
Back to
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Aluminium Casthouse Shapes Market Outlook 2018 Data

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Aluminium Casthouse Shapes Market Outlook 2018 Data

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Aluminium Casthouse Shapes Market Outlook, July 2018

Chapter 1 - Casthouse shapes demand

Chapter 2 - Casthouse shapes production

Chapter 4 - Costs and Netbacks

Appendix A: Industrial and economic outlook

Historic Prices and Aluminium Market Data

Metal Requirement ('000 t)

Unalloyed slab upcharge1

Wire rod upcharge1

14238 14267 14041 14631 14946

179 209 226 239 250

500 520 510 500 500

130 150 130 118 118

228 231 207 203 196

228 226 207 193 191

Unalloyed slab premium/upcharge15

Wire rod premium/upcharge16

20.3 22.4 24.2 24.4 24.2

9.7 13.2 12.1 11.6 11.6

9.2 12.0 10.7 10.3 10.3

7.4 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.6

12.3 13.0 13.3 13.4 13.4

Total world 24702 25044 26528 25961 25899 24933 24733

Remelt ingot requirement

Total world 23663 24660 26634 26395 25304 25957 24908

Remelt ingot net exports

Total world 1038 384 -106 -434 595 -1025 -175

Remelt ingot netbacks3

Merchant ingot prices

25089 26939 27885 28781 29264 3.4%

481 468 468 486 529 4.5%

26140 26747 27457 28799 29960 3.8%

754 767 764 744 707 -3.0%

-1051 192 428 -18 -696 31.8%

20.3 22.4 24.2 24.4 24.2 21.8%

-135 -114 -116 -124 -125

1.88 1.98 2.11 2.17 2.20

Billet primary production 2018 CAGR1

Total world 9644 3.3%

Billet remelt production

Total world 33362 3.5%

Total world 43019 3.5%

Billet net exports

Total world -12

Merchant billet prices

Total world 5151 5213 5124 5153 5157 5316 5545

Slab remelt production

Total world 19904 20693 22772 24769 25817 27323 29470

Total world 25051 25893 27864 29905 30998 32675 35033

Slab net exports

Total world 3 14 32 16 -24 -35 -16

Unalloyed slab premiums/upcharge2

Unalloyed slab netbacks3

Merchant slab prices

5702 6033 6265 6488 6574 3.5%

483 480 483 487 496 1.3%

30889 32006 33171 34355 35493 3.8%

606 611 619 623 632 1.3%

36615 38054 39367 40822 42101 3.7%