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Acid and Bases

Bases have several chemical properties including changing the color of litmus from red to blue, having a bitter taste, losing basicity when mixed with acids, and reacting with acids to form salts and water. Common bases mentioned include ammonia, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, methylamine, pyridine, sodium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and zinc hydroxide. Acids also have characteristic properties and common acids discussed include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, formic acid, citric acid, and acetylsalicylic acid. A monoprotic acid is an acid that donates only one proton

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158 views10 pages

Acid and Bases

Bases have several chemical properties including changing the color of litmus from red to blue, having a bitter taste, losing basicity when mixed with acids, and reacting with acids to form salts and water. Common bases mentioned include ammonia, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, methylamine, pyridine, sodium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and zinc hydroxide. Acids also have characteristic properties and common acids discussed include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, formic acid, citric acid, and acetylsalicylic acid. A monoprotic acid is an acid that donates only one proton

Uploaded by

Margie Ballesteros Manzano
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BASES PROPERTIS

Chemical Properties of Bases


Bases change the colour of litmus from red to blue.
They are bitter in taste. ACETONE
Bases lose their basicity when mixed with acids.
Bases react with acids to form salt and water. ...
They can conduct electricity.
Bases feel slippery or soapy.
Some bases are great conductors of electricity.

AMMONIA

Acetone is a weak Lewis base. It is also known as dimethylketone,


dimethylcetone, azeton, β-Ketopropane and propan-2-one. It is the
simplest ketone molecule. Acetone is a volatile, flammable, colorless
liquid. Like many bases, Acetone, or propanone, is the organic
Ammonia is a weak Lewis base. It is a colorless liquid or gas with a compound with the formula (CH₃)₂CO. It is a colorless, volatile,
distinctive odor. Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with
flammable liquid and is the simplest and smallest ketone. Acetone is
the formula NH3. The simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a
miscible with water and serves as an important solvent in its own right,
colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell.
typically for cleaning purposes in laboratories. it has a recognizable odor.
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
LITHIUM HYDROXIDE

Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic


compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is a colorless crystal or
white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed, Lithium hydroxide is a strong base. It is also known as lithium hydrate
or slaked with water. and lithium hydroxid. It is a white crystalline solid that readily reacts
Calcium hydroxide is considered a strong to medium strength base. It with water and is slightly soluble in ethanol. Lithium hydroxide is the
will completely dissociate in solutions of less than 0.01 M, but weakens weakest base of the alkali metal hydroxides. Its primary use is for the
as concentration increases. synthesis of lubricating grease.
Calcium hydroxide is also known as calcium dihydroxide,
calcium hydrate, hydralime, hydrated lime, caustic lime, slaked lime,
lime hydrate, lime water and milk of lime. The chemical is white or
colorless and may be crystalline.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
METHYLAMINE

Methylamine is a weak Lewis base. It is also known as methanamine, Potassium hydroxide is a strong base. It is also known as lye, sodium
MeNH2, methyl ammonia, methyl amine, and aminomethane. hydrate, caustic potash and potash lye. Potassium hydroxide is a white or
Methylamine is most commonly encountered in pure form as a colorless colorless solid, used extensively in laboratories and everyday processes.
gas, although it's also found as a liquid in solution with ethanol, It's one of the most commonly encountered bases.
methanol, water, or tetrahydrofuran (THF). Methylamine is the simplest
primary amine.
RUBIDIUM HYDROXIDE
PYRIDINE

Pyridine is a weak Lewis base. It is also known as azabenzene. Pyridine Rubidium hydroxide is a strong base. It is also known as rubidium
is a highly flammable, colorless liquid. It's soluble in water and has a hydrate. Rubidium hydroxide does not occur naturally. This base is
distinctive fishy smell that most people find repugnant and possibly prepared in a lab. It's a highly corrosive chemical, so protective clothing
nauseating. One interesting pyridine fact is that the chemical is is needed when working with it. Skin contact instantly causes chemical
commonly added as a denaturant to ethanol to make it unsuitable for burns.
drinking.
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
ZINC HYDROXIDE

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base. It is also known as lye,


Zinc hydroxide is a weak base. Zinc hydroxide is a white solid. It
caustic soda, soda lye, white caustic, natrium causticum and
occurs naturally or is prepared in a lab. It's easily prepared by
sodium hydrate. Sodium hydroxide is an extremely caustic
white solid. It's used for many processes, including soap- adding sodium hydroxide to any zinc salt solution.
making, as a drain cleaner, to make other chemicals, and to
increase the alkalinity of solutions.
ACID PROPERTIS

In computer science, ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation,


Durability) is a set of properties of database transactions intended to SULFURIC ACID
guarantee validity even in the event of errors, power failures, etc.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid with the molecular
Hydrochloric acid is a corrosive, strong mineral acid with many formula H2SO4H2SO4. Sulfuric acid is a diprotic acid and has a wide
industrial uses. A colorless, highly pungent solution of hydrogen chloride range of applications including in domestic acidic drain cleaners,[as an
(HCl) in water. Hydrochloric acid is usually prepared by treating HCl electrolyte in lead-acid batteries and in various cleaning agents. It is also
a central substance in the chemical industry.
with water.
NITRIC ACID CARBONIC ACID

Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical


formula H2CO3H2CO3 and is also a name sometimes given to solutions
of carbon dioxide in water (carbonated water), because such solutions
contain small amounts of H2CO3(aq)H2CO3(aq). Carbonic acid, which
Nitric acid (HNO3HNO3) is a highly corrosive mineral acid and is also is a weak acid, forms two kinds of salts, the carbonates and the
commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent. Nitric acid is normally bicarbonates. In geology, carbonic acid causes limestone to dissolve
considered to be a strong acid at ambient temperatures. Nitric acid can be producing calcium bicarbonate which leads to many limestone features
made by reacting nitrogen dioxide (NO2(g)NO2(g)) with water. such as stalactites and stalagmites. Carbonic acid is a polyprotic acid —
3NO2(g)+H2O(l)→2HNO3(ag)+NO(g)(14.2.3)(14.2.3)3NO2(g)+H2O(l) specifically it is diprotic meaning it has two protons which may
→2HNO3(ag)+NO(g) dissociate from the parent molecule.
When carbon dioxide dissolves in water it exists in chemical equilibrium
Nitric acid reacts with most metals, but the details depend on the (discussed in Chapter 15) producing carbonic acid:
concentration of the acid and the nature of the metal. Dilute nitric acid
behaves as a typical acid in its reaction with most metals (e.g., nitric acid CO2+H2O↽−−⇀H2CO3(14.2.7)
with magnesium, manganese or zinc will liberate H2H2 gas):
FORMIC ACID CITRIC ACID

Formic acid (HCO2HHCO2H) is the simplest carboxylic acid and is an Citric acid (C6H8O7C6H8O7) is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid that
important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most occurs naturally in citrus fruits. The citrate ion is an intermediate in the
notably in some ants. The word "formic" comes from the Latin word for TCA cycle (Krebs cycle), a central metabolic pathway for animals, plants
ant, formica, referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant and bacteria. Because it is one of the stronger edible acids, the dominant
bodies. Formic acid occurs widely in nature as its conjugate base use of citric acid is used as a flavoring and preservative in food and
formate. beverages, especially soft drinks.
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID
MONOPROTIC ACID

Acetylsalicylic acid (also known as aspirin) is a medication used to treat A monoprotic acid is an acid that donates only one proton or hydrogen
pain, fever, and inflammation. Aspirin, in the form of leaves from the atom per molecule to an aqueous solution. This is in contrast
willow tree, has been used for its health effects for at least 2,400 years. to acids capable of donating more than one proton or hydrogen, which
are called polyprotic acids.
LEWIS ACID ACETIC ACID

A Lewis acid is therefore any substance, such as the H+ ion, that can Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical
accept a pair of nonbonding electrons. In other words, a Lewis acid is an compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent
electron-pair acceptor. A Lewis base is any substance, such as the OH- smell. Pure water-free acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) is a colorless
ion, that can donate a pair of nonbonding electrons. A Lewis base is hygroscopic liquid and freezes below 16.7 °C (62 °F) to a colourless
therefore an electron-pair donor. crystalline solid

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