Arithmetic Means

Arithmetic Means
Arithmetic- Arithmetic (from the Greek ἀριθμός arithmos, "number" and τική [τέχνη], tiké [téchne],
"art") is a branch of mathematics that consists of the study of numbers, especially the properties of the
traditional operations on them—addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is called an arithmetic series .
Sum of the terms arithmetic sequence- Sum of the First n Terms of an Arithmetic Sequence
Suppose a sequence of numbers is arithmetic (that is, it increases or decreases by a constant amount
each term), and you want to find the sum of the first n terms.
Denote this partial sum by Sn . Then
Sn=n(a1 + an)2 ,
where n is the number of terms, a1 is the first term and an is the last term.
Harmonic Sequence a harmonic progression (or harmonic sequence) is a progression formed by

taking the reciprocals of an arithmetic progression.
Equivalently, a sequence is a harmonic progression when each term is the harmonic mean of the
neighboring terms.
As a third equivalent characterization, it is an infinite sequence of the form
where a is not zero and −a/d is not a natural number, or a finite sequence of the form
where a is not zero, k is a natural number and −a/d is not a natural number or is greater than k.
Geometry means
Geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of
figures, and the properties of space. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a
geometer.
RemaInder theorem- The remainder theorem states that when a polynomial, f(x), is divided by a
linear polynomial , x - a, the remainder of that division will be equivalent to f(a).
Rational root theorem- rational root theorem (or rational root test, rational zero
theorem, rational zero test or p/q theorem) states a constraint on rational solutions of
a polynomial equation
with integer coefficients and . Solutions of the equation are also called roots or zeroes
of the polynomial on the left side.
The theorem states that each rational solution x = p/q, written in lowest terms so
that p and q are relatively prime, satisfies:
 p is an integer factor of the constant term a0, and
 q is an integer factor of the leading coefficient an.

The rational root theorem is a special case (for a single linear factor) of Gauss's lemma on the
factorization of polynomials. The integral root theorem is the special case of the rational root
theorem when the leading coefficient is an = 1.
Graphing Polynomials- Graphing Polynomials

In this section we are going to look at a method for getting a rough sketch of a
general polynomial. The only real information that we’re going to need is a
complete list of all the zeroes (including multiplicity) for the polynomial.
In this section we are going to either be given the list of zeroes or they will be
easy to find. In the next section we will go into a method for determining a
large portion of the list for most polynomials. We are graphing first since the
method for finding all the zeroes of a polynomial can be a little long and we
don’t want to obscure the details of this section in the mess of finding the
zeroes of the polynomial.
CentRal Angel & Arcs- A central angle is an angle formed by two radii with the vertex at the
center of the circle. In the diagram at the right, ∠AOB is a central angle with an intercepted
minor arc from A to B. ... An inscribed angle is an angle with its vertex "on" the circle, formed
by two intersecting chords.
Sum of Central Angles
Arcs of A Circle- Arc Of A Circle

The arc of a circle is a portion of the circumference of a circle.
Measure an arc by two methods: 1) the measure of the central angle or 2) the length of the arc itself.
Measure of the central angle:

The XZ arc measures 120°.
The XY arc measures 140°.
The length of an arc (or arc length) is traditionally symbolized by s.
The formula for finding arc length in radians is where r is the radius of the circle and θ is the
measure of the central angle in radians.
A comparison of degree and radian measure to find the arc length:
DegreesRadians
90° π/2
60° π/3
45° π/4
30° π/6
Degree Measure of Arc-
Arc Length and Radian Measure

MathBitsNotebook.com
Topical Outline | Geometry Outline | MathBits' Teacher Resources
Terms of Use Contact Person: Donna Roberts
An arc of a circle is a "portion" of the circumference of the

circle.
The length of an arc is simply the length of its "portion" of

the circumference. The circumference itself can be
considered a full circle arc length.
Arc Measure: In a circle, the degree measure of an arc is
equal to the measure of the central angle that intercepts
the arc.
Arc Length: In a circle, the length of an arc is a portion
of the circumference. The letter "s" is used to represent
arc length.
Consider the following proportion:
If we solve the proportion for arc length, and replace "arc measure"
with its equivalent "central angle", we can establish the formula:
Notice that arc length is a fractional part of the circumference. For example,
an arc measure of 60º is one-sixth of the circle (360º), so the length of that arc
will be one-sixth of the circumference of the circle.
In circle O, the radius is 8 inches and minor arc is intercepted by a

central angle of 110 degrees. Find the length of minor arc to the nearest
integer.
Arc addition Postulate- Arcs

A minor arc is the shorter arc connecting two endpoints on a circle .
The measure of a minor arc is less than 180°180° , and equal to the measure of the
arc's central angle .
A major arc is the longer arc connecting two endpoints on a circle.
The measure of a major arc is greater than 180°180° , and equal to 360°360° minus
the measure of the minor arc with the same endpoints.
An arc measuring exactly 180°180° is called a semicircle .
Arc Addition Postulate

The measure of the arc formed by two adjacent arcs is the sum of the measures of the
two arcs.
Congruent Circle- Congruent circles
Two circles are congruent if they have the same size. The size can
be measured as the radius, diameter or circumference. They can overlap.
Congruent Arcs- If two arcs are both equal in measure and they're segments of congruent circles, then
they're congruent arcs.
Theorems on Central Angels ,Arcs,& Chors.
Inserided Angles & intercepted Arcs.
Theorems- Central angles and arcs:

1. If two central angles of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent,
then their intercepted arcs are congruent. (Short form: If central angles
congruent, then arcs congruent.)
2. If two arcs of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent, then the
corresponding central angles are congruent. (Short form: If arcs congruent,
then central angles congruent.)
Central angles and chords:

3. If two central angles of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent,
then the corresponding chords are congruent. (Short form: If central angles
congruent, then chords congruent.)
4. If two chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent, then

the corresponding central angles are congruent. (Short form: If chords
congruent, then central angles congruent.)
Arcs and chords:

5. If two arcs of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent, then the
corresponding chords are congruent. (Short form: If arcs congruent, then
chords congruent.)
6. If two chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent, then

the corresponding arcs are congruent. (Short form: If chords congruent, then
arcs congruent.)
Here’s a more condensed way of thinking about the six theorems:

 If the angles are congruent, both the chords and the arcs are congruent.
 If the chords are congruent, both the angles and the arcs are congruent.
 If the arcs are congruent, both the angles and the chords are congruent.
These three ideas condense further to one simple idea: If any pair (of central
angles, chords, or arcs) is congruent, then the other two pairs are also
congruent.

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Arithmetic Means

Denote this partial sum by Sn . Then

Harmonic Sequence a harmonic progression (or harmonic sequence) is a progression formed by

 p is an integer factor of the constant term a0, and

 q is an integer factor of the leading coefficient an.

Graphing Polynomials- Graphing Polynomials

Arcs of A Circle- Arc Of A Circle

Measure of the central angle:

Degree Measure of Arc-

Arc Length and Radian Measure

Terms of Use Contact Person: Donna Roberts

An arc of a circle is a "portion" of the circumference of the

The length of an arc is simply the length of its "portion" of

Consider the following proportion:

In circle O, the radius is 8 inches and minor arc is intercepted by a

Arc addition Postulate- Arcs

Arc Addition Postulate

Congruent Circle- Congruent circles

Theorems on Central Angels ,Arcs,& Chors.

Inserided Angles & intercepted Arcs.

Theorems- Central angles and arcs:

Central angles and chords:

4. If two chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent, then

Arcs and chords:

6. If two chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent, then

Here’s a more condensed way of thinking about the six theorems:

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