MM36 ECAS Maintenance Manual For Trucks
MM36 ECAS Maintenance Manual For Trucks
MM36 ECAS Maintenance Manual For Trucks
CONTROLLED AIR
SUSPENSION (ECAS) FOR
TRUCKS
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Service Notes
CAUTION
A Caution alerts you to an instruction or procedure that you
must follow exactly to avoid damage to components.
Information contained in this publication was in effect at the time the publication
was approved for printing and is subject to change without notice or liability.
WABCO reserves the right to revise the information presented or to discontinue the
production of parts described at any time.
Contents
1 Introduction
Overview
ECAS System
The electronically controlled air suspension system is compatible
with the WABCO Antilock Braking System (ABS) and Automatic
Traction Control (ATC) system, C and D versions.
Most trucks manufactured prior to March 1997 have C version
ABS/ATC. Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1
C
VERSION
ABS
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
D
VERSION
ABS
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3
REMOTE
CONTROL
DASH PANEL UNIT ECU (ELECTRONIC
CONTROLS CONTROL UNIT)
HEIGHT
SENSOR
SOLENOID
VALVE AIRBAG
4003826a
Figure 1.3
A remote control unit allows the vehicle operator to raise and lower Components
the suspension within preset upper and lower stop limits. In addition
to the preset upper and lower stop limits, the operator may also Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
program two different vehicle heights into the ECAS ECU. These two
selections must be between the preset upper and lower stop limits. The ECU contains a microprocessor, memory, input conditioners and
These heights can be achieved by pushing a single button on the output drivers. A 35-pin connector links the ECU with other ECAS
remote control. components, the vehicle’s communication datalink and, depending
upon the ECAS generation, with the ABS/ATC ECU, an additional
ECAS provides an optional automatic load transfer feature for 6 x 2 speed sensor and the stop light switch. Figure 1.4.
vehicles. When a low traction situation is detected, ECAS will
automatically increase traction to the drive axle by briefly decreasing Figure 1.4
pressure in the tag axle air bags. The vehicle must be equipped with
WABCO ABS or ABS/ATC to activate the optional ECAS automatic
load transfer feature.
The ECU also provides ECAS with self-diagnostic and
reprogramming capabilities. Detected component or system failures
are stored in the ECU’s memory and can be retrieved using the
WABCO diagnostic controller. The reprogramming feature allows the
setting of preset normal, upper and lower levels, as well as other
parameters. Reprogramming is done by using the WABCO
diagnostic controller.
4003827a
Figure 1.4
Height Sensor
A height sensor, mounted on the chassis, provides the ECU with a
chassis height signal that determines the distance between the
chassis and the axle. The sensor housing contains a coil in which an
armature is moved up and down. The armature is connected to a
lever which is attached to the drive axle housing by a linkage rod.
When the distance between the chassis and the axle changes, the
lever turns, causing the armature to move into or out of the coil
within the sensor. This modifies the signal produced by the sensor.
Figure 1.5. 4003829a
Figure 1.6
Figure 1.5
HEIGHT
SENSOR
Vehicle Speed Sensor
With C version ABS/ATC, a speed sensor is mounted in the
LEVER
transmission tail. This sensor provides the ECU with vehicle speed
information. Figure 1.7.
Figure 1.7
C
VERSION
ABS
4003828a
Figure 1.7
Figure 1.5
With D version ABS/ATC, the speed signal is transmitted over the
communication data link (SAE J-1587). Figure 1.8.
Figure 1.8
D
VERSION
ABS
Figure 1.8
Lamps
A dash-mounted “ECAS FAIL” indicator lamp indicates a system
fault.
A load transfer lamp displays the load transfer status. Load transfer
status is explained in Section 2.
Switches
Either a three-position dash switch or two separate dash switches
allow the operator to set the ECAS system to perform either
automatic load transfer, driver activated load transfer or no load
transfer.
A stop light switch signals the ECU when the brakes are applied.
Figure 1.9
4003832a
Figure 1.9
System Functions
2 Operation
Figure 2.1
If the brakes are applied, the ECU will freeze all ECAS control NORMAL
RAISE LEVEL
activities until the brakes are released.
LOWER STOP
Load Transfer (6 x 2 Vehicles) 4003833a
To increase traction on a slippery road when drive axle wheel spin is Figure 2.1
detected, an automatic load transfer occurs. This transfers as much
of the load as possible from the tag or pusher axle to the drive axle. Axle Preselection
ECAS will continue to hold the transferred load for 20 seconds. After Before the remote control can be used, the rear axle must be
this interval, the load is transferred back to a normal condition. The selected for activation. Pushing the rear axle preselection key
transfer back to normal takes approximately 20 seconds. enables the level control for this axle. An acknowledgment light on
the remote control indicates that the axle is selected. Pressing the
If load transfer is active, all chassis height control functions are
rear axle preselection key a second time will disable remote control
disabled until the load transfer ends.
and turn off the acknowledgment light.
The operator can manually activate the load transfer function by
pressing the ON (momentary on) side of the load transfer switch. Raising and Lowering
This manual activation only works at speeds less than 30 mph The remote control unit allows the operator to change the vehicle’s
(48 km/h). rear height within programmed limits. Pressing the up or down
The load transfer function will terminate under the following arrow keys causes the chassis height to be immediately altered.
conditions: Releasing the key ends the height change. Remote control height
changes can only be initiated while the vehicle is stationary or
앫 Brakes are applied at a speed greater than 30 mph (48 km/h).
travelling at speeds less than 7 mph (11 km/h).
앫 Vehicle speed exceeds 70 mph (112 km/h).
앫 Stop button on remote control is pressed or the remote control is Normal Height
disconnected. Pressing the normal height key will immediately return the chassis
On some vehicles a load transfer indicator lamp comes on when the height to the programmed normal level.
automatic load transfer is turned off.
Setting and Selecting Memory Levels
Remote Control Operation By simultaneously pressing the STOP key and either the M1 or M2
memory keys, the current height can be stored as a memory height.
The hand-held remote control has several functions: Figure 2.1.
Memory heights can only be stored while the vehicle is stationary.
앫 Raising and lowering the vehicle suspension
By pressing just the M1 or M2 memory keys, the chassis height is
앫 Returning the vehicle to normal level quickly adjusted to the stored memory height. M1 or M2 height
앫 Stopping all ECAS functions changes can only be initiated while the vehicle is stationary or
travelling at speeds less than 7 mph (11 km/h).
앫 Storing and selecting two preset height levels
STOP Key
Pressing the STOP key discontinues all height control functions. This
function allows the operator to discontinue any automatic height
change if the continuance of the change could be hazardous.
Pressing the STOP key will also discontinue the load transfer
function immediately. Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
REAR AXLE
PRESELECTION
LIGHT
REAR AXLE
PRESELECTION
MEMORY
MEMORY
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
NORMAL
LEVEL
RAISE
STOP
LOWER
4003834a
Figure 2.2
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in The test adaptor allows troubleshooting the ECAS system by
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent providing breakout access to the circuits contained in the 35-pin
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both. connector attached to the ECU. This allows easy Volt-ohmmeter
measurement of voltage and resistance of ECAS wiring and
WARNING components. Figure 3.1.
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. Figure 3.1
ABS Faults
Before performing any ECAS diagnostics, make sure there are no
4003835a
ABS faults. Because of the interaction between the ABS and ECAS
systems, a fault in the ABS system may restrict the functionality of Figure 3.1
the ECAS system.
Installing the Test Adaptor
ECAS FAIL Indicator Lamp 1. Turn the vehicle ignition OFF.
The dash-mounted “ECAS FAIL” indicator lamp indicates a system
2. Disconnect the 35-pin connector from the ECAS ECU.
fault. When the ignition key is switched on, the lamp will come on
for two seconds and then go out. This indicates there are no faults 3. Insert the test adaptor into the 35-pin connector on the ECU
present. If the lamp does not come on at start-up, the bulb or wiring harness. Figure 3.2.
is defective.
Figure 3.2
The following failures will cause the “ECAS FAIL” indicator lamp to
TEST
remain on: ADAPTOR
The following information applies to the tests presented in Table A. 앫 If the ignition is ON from previous testing, turn it OFF before
you disconnect the test adaptor.
1. Before you perform any of the steps listed in Table A:
앫 Reconnect the 35-pin connector to the ECU.
앫 Check the “Ignition Status” column of the table. The
vehicle’s ignition may be required to be either in the ON or 6. Perform a vehicle inspection. After completing the procedures
OFF position. The engine does not have to be running. in Table A and any required repairs:
앫 Check that the air system pressure reading is between the 앫 Verify that ECAS will bring the vehicle frame to the normal
compressor cut-in and cut-out pressure. ride height position. When the chassis is in this position, the
instrument panel indicator lamp will go OFF.
2. Set the VOM to the appropriate setting that will accommodate
the expected readings listed in the “Measurement or Reaction” 앫 If the indicator lamp remains ON, check the height sensor
column of the table. linkage for correct installation (refer to the vehicle
manufacturer’s service literature).
3. For each step in Table A, compare the VOM reading or reaction
with the acceptable values or reactions listed in the 앫 Make sure the ABS indicator lamp does not remain ON.
“Measurement or Reaction” column. Write down the results of
your comparisons.
9 Speed sensor OFF 20 and 27 Greater than 앫 Short between sensor and
resistance to ground 22 and 27 30,000 ohms ground
(C version only) 앫 Sensor connector
C 앫 Defective sensor
VERSION
ABS
ECAS Valve
Measurement or Possible Cause of
Step Check Ignition Status Adaptor Pins Reaction Malfunction
10 ECAS valve coil OFF 13 and 27 15-25 ohms 앫 Interrupted wiring
resistance 15 and 27 If vehicle is not between ECU and valve
30 and 27 equipped with load connector
transfer, no reading 앫 Ground lead to valve
needs to be done interrupted
between pins 30 and 앫 Shorted valve coil
27.
DIAGNOSTIC CONTROLLER
PROGRAM
CARD
35-PIN MEASURING
ADAPTOR
Figure 3.3
Calibration
This function allows recalibration of the ECAS system when
components (particularly the ECU or a sensor) are replaced.
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
NOTE: Refer to vehicle manufacturer’s service literature for
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
solenoid valve location and removal/installation procedures.
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
WARNING WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
All personnel must clear of the vehicle before you begin to jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
troubleshoot ECAS. Serious personal injury can result when damage to components can result.
the vehicle frame moves up and down.
Removal
Component Removal and Installation 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Turn the ignition to the OFF
position and set the parking brake. If necessary, raise the
ECU Replacement vehicle off the ground and put safety stands under the axle.
Removal
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Turn the ignition to the OFF
position and set the parking brake. Block the front wheels.
2. Remove any covers and cab equipment that restricts access to
the ECU.
3. Disconnect wiring connector from the ECU.
4. Remove fasteners that attach ECU to the cab.
Installation
1. Install ECU in the cab.
2. Tighten fasteners to vehicle manufacturer’s specification.
3. Connect wiring connector to the ECU.
4. Replace any covers and cab equipment that was removed to
gain access to the ECU.
5. Use the diagnostic controller to calibrate the ECU.
Figure 4.1
Solenoid Valve Test
OVERHEAD VIEW After installing a solenoid valve, perform the following test
SOLENOID procedure:
VALVE
1. Start the engine.
2. Wait until the system is fully charged.
3. Press the “Normal” button on the remote control to fill the air
WIRE bags. This will place the ECAS at normal level.
4. Turn the ignition to the OFF position.
BRACKET
5. Listen for leaks at the solenoid valve air line connections.
6. Use the remote control to raise and lower the vehicle height,
SIDE VIEW checking for correct operation.
WARNING
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
SOLENOID jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
VALVE
damage to components can result.
4003841a The ECAS height sensor is mounted between the chassis and the
Figure 4.1
drive axle housing. Figure 4.2.
4. Mark the air lines for reference when installing the new valve.
5. Disconnect the air lines from the solenoid valve.
6. Remove the two bolts attaching the solenoid valve to the
mounting bracket.
7. Remove the solenoid valve from the mounting bracket.
Installation
1. Attach the new solenoid valve to the mounting bracket.
2. Install the two mounting bolts and tighten them to the vehicle
manufacturer’s specifications.
3. Connect the air lines to the solenoid valve as marked during
the removal process.
4. Connect the wiring connector to the solenoid valve.
5. Test the solenoid valve.
Figure 4.2
CHASSIS
BRACKET
LEVER SENSOR
AXLE
LINKAGE
ROD
4003842a
Figure 4.2
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Turn the ignition to the OFF Height Sensor Calibration Using Diagnostic
position and set the parking brake. Block the front wheels. Controller
2. Disconnect the wiring connector from the height sensor.
IMPORTANT:
3. Remove the lever from the height sensor.
Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications for height
4. Remove the bolts that attach the sensor to the mounting recommendations BEFORE recalibrating the height sensor.
bracket on the chassis.
NOTE: This manual provides a brief overview of the capabilities and
5. Remove the height sensor.
operation of the diagnostic controller. For detailed instructions on
Installation using the controller, refer to the operating instructions included with
the diagnostic controller.
1. Position the sensor on the mounting bracket on the chassis.
2. Install the height sensor mounting bolts and tighten them to the 1. Connect the diagnostic controller to the vehicle’s SAE 1587
vehicle manufacturer’s specifications. diagnostic plug.
3. Attach the lever to the height sensor. Tighten the mounting bolt 2. Insert the appropriate program card for the vehicle’s ECAS
to 31 in-lb (3.5 N폷m). @ application into the diagnostic controller.
4. Connect the wiring connector to the height sensor. 3. Select the Diagnosis menu option.
5. Use the diagnostic controller to calibrate the ECU for the height 4. From the Diagnosis menu, select the calibration option.
sensor. 5. From the Calibration menu, select the Calibrate Height Sensor
option.
6. Use the control key to raise or lower the vehicle to normal level 1.
7. Initiate calibration.
8. Use the control key to raise the vehicle to the upper stop level.
Figure 5.1
DRIVING
SOLENOID
RIGHT
AXLE
22
TAG
AXLE
VALVE
CONNECTOR
31
ECAS ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT (ECU) 446 055 045 0 OR 446 055 093 0 (12 V)
PLUG
26
SENSOR
HEIGHT
1
6.3
13 15
6.4 6.2
30
6.1
25 27
DRIVING
LEFT
AXLE
AXLE
TAG
C VERSION ABS
6 X 2 SYSTEM
DATA
35 21
STOP
4
CLOCK
3
M2
2
M1
CONTROL
REMOTE
UNIT
23
CRUISE CONTROL
17 16
C-VERSION
ABS/ATC (PIN 12)
TRACTION HELP
-
12V
BATTERY
+
16 AMPS
1
TRACTION HELP
MAXIMUM 5 WATTS
FAILURE INDICATION
MAXIMUM 5 WATTS
WARNING LEVEL
DIAGNOSIS A E. G.
2
4003843a
DRIVING
RIGHT
22
AXLE
AXLE
TAG
CONNECTOR
31
26
PLUG
SENSOR
HEIGHT
1
6.3
13 15
ECAS ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT (ECU) 446 055 093 0 (12 V)
6.4 6.2
SOLENOID
VALVE
30
6.1
25 27
DRIVING
LEFT
AXLE
AXLE
TAG
D VERSION ABS
CONTROL
6 X 2 SYSTEM
REMOTE
UNIT
DATA
35 21
STOP
4
CLOCK
3
M2
M1
1
16 23
CRUISE CONTROL
TRACTION HELP STOP
17
TRACTION HELP
-
12V
BATTERY
+
16 AMPS
1
5 AMPS
IGNITION KEY
7 9
MAXIMUM 5 WATTS
FAILURE INDICATION
MAXIMUM 5 WATTS
WARNING LEVEL
CONNECTED TO
SAE/TMC J 1587
DATA LINK
4
4003844a
RIGHT
REAR -
REAR -
AXLE
AXLE
13 15
ECAS ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT (ECU) 446 055 045 0 OR 446 055 093 0 (12 V)
6.2
6.3
6.4
SENSOR
HEIGHT
31
CONNECTOR
SOLENOID
PLUG
VALVE
REAR -
REAR -
LEFT
AXLE
AXLE
25 27
C OR D VERSION ABS
6 X 4 SYSTEM
DATA
35 21
STOP
4
CLOCK
3
M2
M1
1
CONTROL
REMOTE
UNIT
23
CRUISE CONTROL
-
12V
BATTERY
+
16 AMPS
1
IGNITION KEY
5 AMPS
9
7
FAILURE INDICATION
MAXIMUM 5 WATTS WARNING LEVEL
DIAGNOSIS A E. G.
SAE/TMC J 1587 DIAGNOSTIC CONTROLLER
DIAGNOSIS B 446 300 320 0
20 22 4
4003845a