Group 5

Advanced Journalism

Members:

Zara, Paolo Aldrei

Bruan, Maxine Juliana

Capule, Irish Jersey

Ibanez, Marygrace

Mendoza, Eliakim Jeah

Sanchez, Jurryn Dabney

Vael, Agatha Joyce

Submitted to: Sir Joemar L. Furigay

58. In biological binomial normenclature, genus names should be capitalized;

species names are lowercased, even if it is derived from a proper name. Both

genus names and species names should be italicized.

Examples:

Averrhoa bilimbi, or widely known as kamias

Second metabolities of Mea zays possessed anti-diabetic properties

Annona is a genus of flowering plants in the pawpaw/sugar apple family

59. When New Latin names of classes, families, and all groups above the

genus level in zoology and botany are used, they should be capitalized but

not italicized. Also, their derivative nouns and adjectives should be

lowercased.

Examples:

amphibian; Amphipoda

anthozoans; Anthozoa

starfish; Asteroidea

60. Scientific and informal names of planets and satellites, stars,

constellationd, and other celstial objects that are specific, should be

capitalized. If not used in technical writing, the words sun, earth, and moon
are usually in small letters unless with other astronomical names. The generic

term after the name of the celestial object is also in small letters.

Ex: the Northern Crown

Mercury

Canes Venatici

The names of meteorological phenomena are in lowercase letters.

Examples:

acid rain

white rainbow

pink moon

61. Geological eons, eras, periods, systems, epochs, and strata are

uppercased, while the generic terms after them are lowercased.

Examples:

Phanerozoic eon

Neoarchean era

the Ages of Man

62. Proper names of scientific laws, theorems, and principles are capitalized,

but the common nouns law, theorem, theory are lowercased. Popular names

of theories or observations are usually capitalized.

Mendel’s law

The Pythagoran theorem

Murphy’s Law

63. Computer services and databases’ names are capitalized.

Examples:

America Online

World Wide Web

Microsoft Word

Time Periods and Dates

64. The names of the times of the weeks, months of the years, occasions and

blessed days are promoted. Names of the seasons are not promoted.

Examples:

Wednesday

Sunday

November

Titles of Works
65. Capitalize prepositions of more than three and words in titles of plays,

movies, long poems, newspapers, books, magazines, examples of works of

art like sculptures and paintings except for the word to (infinitive), coordinating

conjunctions, prepositions and internal articles. The elements of hyphenated

compounds in titles are usually capitalized. The whole title must be

emphasized or italicized.

Examples: (naka-italicize dapat yan)

To Kill a Mockingbird?

Who Has Seen the Wind?

Feminism in Shakespeare’s Tragedies

66. The primary word following a colon in a title is promoted.

Examples:

Quantum Roots II: Worm Holes

Stop Dressing Your Six-Year-Old Like A Skank: A Slightly Tarnished Southern

Belle's Words Of Wisdom

Finding Hope in the Darkness of Grief: Spiritual Insights Expressed Through

Art, Poetry and Prose

67. An original article that is included in a title is capitalized and italicized. If it

doesn't look appealing in the context, it is often omitted.

The World Book Encyclopedia

the 21-volume World Book Encyclopedia

The Encyclopædia Britannica

the 23-volume Encyclopædia Britannica

The Catholic Encyclopedia

the 15-volume Catholic Encyclopedia

68. The city or local name is generally italicized in newspaper titles, but the

previous the is not really italicized or capitalized. (Any the is usually

capitalized in newspaper writing.)

Examples:

reported in the Chicago Tribune

announced in the Manila Bulletin

stated in the Los Angeles Times

69 Don't italicize the title.

Examples:

"Divergent" a novel written by Veronica Roth

in Kurt Vonnegut's "Here Is a Lesson in Creative Writing"

70. Capitalize the first letter of important words in titles. Enclose the title in

quotation marks.

Examples:

"The Gift of the Magi" short story by O. Henry

John Jeremiah Sullivan's "Mr. Lytle, an Essay"

"The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger

71. If the titles of long musical compositions are to be used, it is usually

capitalized and italicized; song titles and short compositions are capitalized

and enclosed in quotation marks, including popular names of longer works.

Compositions such as musical form (such as quartet, sonata, or mass) are

capitalized only.

Examples:

the String Quartet No. 2

Adams' Nixon in China

"The Red Violin"

are in the same book in which the reference is made are usually capitalized.

Examples:

See the Index for guide

In the introduction, the importance of the author's study was explained

See the preface for the study's purpose and limitations

a. Basic

Find the error and correct it using copyreading symbols.

1. microsoft access

2. Columba livia domestica

3. Devonian Eon

4. The Giver by Lois Lowry

5. the 22-volume the Encyclopaedia Judaica

6. Kepler's Laws Of Planetary Motion

7. saturn

8. the Boy in the striped Pyjamas

9. the Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon

10. Promises to Keep: technology, Law, and the Future of Entertainment

Apply the rules about scientific terms and titles of work. Use copyreading

symbols to edit the paragraphs.

1.

biological activities and bioavailability of mangosteen Xanthones: a Critical

Review of The Current Evidence

mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical tree native to Southeast

Asia that produces a fruit whose pericarp contains a family of tricyclic

isoprenylated polyphenols referred to as Xanthones. Numerous in vitrostudies

have shown that these Xanthones possess anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, pro-

apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Aggressive

marketing of such health promoting benefits has resulted in mangosteen’s

classification as a “superfruit”. This has led to sales of Mangosteen containing

beverages in USA alone exceeding $200 million in 2008 despite very limited

animal and human studies. This review will (a) critically address recent reports

of in vivo studies on the bioavailability and metabolism of mangosteen

xanthones, (b) update the in vitro and in vivo data on anti-cancer and anti-

inflammatory activities of mangosteen Xanthones, and (c) suggest needed

areas of inquiry regarding the absorption, metabolism and efficacy of

mangosteen Xanthones.
2.

potential use Of Muntingia calabura L. extracts against human and plant

pathogens

Studies were carried out to determine the phytochemical and antimicrobial

properties of various parts of Muntingia calabura L. Aqueous and methanol

extracts of leaf, bark and fruits were prepared and phytochemical analysis of

the parts revealed the presence of glycosides and flavonoids as the major

biologically active compounds. Bacterial isolates of clinical importance and

fungal phytopathogens were tested against the various extracts of M.

calabura. Various degree of inhibition was observed with various extracts and

significant antibacterial activity was recorded against Micrococcus luteus,

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. The presence of glycosides,

tannins and flavonoids has influenced the antimicrobial properties of the plant

especially against M. luteus and P. aeruginosa. The broad antimicrobial

activity suggests the use of M. calabura as a source of new bioactive

principles for the development of drugs against human and plant pathogens.

3.

In 2018, astronomers discovered what could be an exomoon, estimated to be

the size of Neptune. It was found in orbit around a gigantic gas planet 8,000

light-years from Earth. But the scientists behind this discovery, hesitant to

confirm that the new find is an exomoon due to some of its peculiarities, say

more observation is needed. Their findings were published in the journal

science Advances.
4.

A study at Birmingham University discovered the feverfew plant could destroy

leukaemia cells. Feverfew, Tanacetum Parthenium, which comes from the

Latin word meaning “fever reducer”, is grown in many uk gardens and has

long been thought to have healing properties.

5.

The first informal essay in English in the Philippines was a call by Alejandrina

Santiago, written for the “philippine Review” in 1918. It appeared ten years

after the first Philippine short story in English. In fact, this was only twenty

years after the United States acquired the Philippines in 1898. This is due, it

seems to the Filipinos' capacity to assimilate language quickly. The

educational system, the rise of publications like the “college folio”, “the

Filipino”, Philippine Columbian Notes, and the influence of American mentors

like the Fanslers in the University of the Philippines were, doubtless,

incentives also.

His column, From My Nipa Hut was an entertaining miscellany of anecdotes

about Filipino idiosyncracies and habits, good and bad, in general, the

overlooked, "the significant piece of trivia." It needed an easy informal style, a

deliberately unsystematic and impressionistic treatment of his subject. His

essay My Pillow illustrates this handsomely. His easy style and low-keyed

comic comment cloak his wise philosophizing.

them in “Horizons from My Nipa Hut”. This was the first single-author volume

of Filipino familiar essays in English.

c. Advanced

Apply the rules about scientific terms and titles of work. Use copyreading

symbols to edit the paragraphs.

1.

Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extracts of Guava (psidium guajava L.) on Two

Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

Recently there has been a lot of attention focused on producing medicines

and products that are natural. Several fruits and fruit extracts, as well as

arrowroot tea extract [1] and caffeine [2], have been found to exhibit

antimicrobial activity against e. coli O157:H7. This suggests that plants which

manifest relatively high levels of antimicrobial action may be sources of

compounds that can be used to inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens.

Bacterial cells could be killed by the rupture of cell walls and membranes and

by the irregular disruption of the intracellular matrix when treated with plant

extracts [1].

The guava (psidium guajava) is a phytotherapic plant used in folk medicine

that is believed to have active components that help to treat and manage

various diseases. The many parts of the plant have been used in traditional

medicine to manage conditions like malaria, gastroenteritis, vomiting,

gums, and a number of other conditions [3–5]. This plant has also been used

for the controlling of life-changing conditions such as diabetes, hypertension,

and obesity [3, 6–10]. In this study, we aim to evaluate the total extracts of p.

guajava leaves, growing at Fort Valley State University, using various

aqueous and organic solvents to establish if it is effective against killing or

inhibiting the growth of foodborne bacterium staphylococcus aureus,

sscherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, and bacillus cereus which can cause

foodborne illness and spoilage.

The genus psidium belongs to the family myrtaceae, which is considered to

have originated in tropical South America. Guava crops are grown in tropical

and subtropical areas of the world like Asia, Egypt, Hawaii, Florida (Figure 1),

Palestine, and others. The genus psidium comprises approximately 150

species of small trees and shrubs in which only 20 species produce edible

fruits and the rest are wild with inferior quality of fruits [11]. The most

commonly cultivated species of psidium is p. guajava L. which is the common

guava. Other species are utilized for regulation of vigor, fruit quality

improvement and resistance to pest and disease [11]. Guava fruit today is

considered minor in terms of commercial world trade, but it is widely grown in

the tropics, enriching the diet of hundreds of millions of people in those areas

of the world.

The guava tree is an evergreen small tree. The guava leaves are 2 to 6

inches long and 1 to 2 inches wide, aromatic when crushed, and appear dull-

green with stiff but coriaceous with pronounced veins [12]. There are bioactive

components in the guava leaf that can fight against pathogens, regulate blood
glucose levels, and can even aid in weight loss. The leaves of guava contain

an essential oil rich in cineol, tannins, triterpenes, flavonoids, resin, eugenol,

malic acid, fat, cellulose, chlorophyll, mineral salts, and a number of other

fixed substances [13–15].

The general techniques of medicinal plant extraction include maceration,

infusion, percolation, digestion, decoction, Soxhlet extraction, aqueous-

alcoholic extraction by fermentation, counter-current extraction, microwave-

assisted extraction, ultrasound extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and

phytonic extraction. Maceration extraction is crude extraction; solvents diffuse

into solid plant material and solubilize compounds with similar polarity [16].

Effect of plant material depends on its origin, variations in the extraction

technique, the time, temperature of extraction, solvent concentration and

polarity, quantity, and secondary metabolite composition of an extract [17].

Variations in extraction methods are usually found in the length of the

extraction period, the solvent used pH, temperature, particle size, and the

solvent-to-sample ratio [15].

Gonçalves et al. [18] conducted a study where they screened the

antimicrobial effect of essential oils and methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate

extracts from guava leaves. The extracts were screened against bacteria

strains isolated from seabob shrimp and laboratory culture strains. The guava

leaves were extracted using a Soxhlet extractor and solvents in order of

polarity and then concentrated in a rotary evaporator. The essential oil was

obtained from fresh leaves of guava using a Clevenger type doser and the

extraction methodology of Gottlieb and Magalhães [19]. The fresh leaves

were submerged in distilled water in a 5 L glass bowl and submitted to the

by drying with anhydrous sodium sulphate and then filtered. The extracts and

the essential oil were evaluated by the disc diffusion method with the three

extracts being tested at four concentrations.

2.

Contemporary art is notoriously difficult to understand and can be quite

intimidating. For one, unlike past movements, the range of artistic styles of the

present haven’t been digested by critics, curators, and art historians and don’t

lend themselves to easy categorization.

Harrison’s work, and others included in the New Museum’s 2007 opening

exhibition Unmonumental offered a counterpoint or even a rejection of the

sculpture that dominated the preceding years: the big, brash, Neo-Pop of

artists such as Jeff Koons and Takashi Murakami. These artists continually

invested substantial time, energy, and money exploring new, ever-shinier

materials to fabricate ever-bigger monumental objects to dominate our public

spaces. Looking around the New Museum’s show, it was hard to imagine a

starker contrast.

Critics often read Wiley’s painting, and his production as a whole, as a

powerful questioning of Western art history. As the interpretation goes, Wiley

rejects and upends the subjugated or inferior roles in which black or brown

men have been represented and places them front and center. Yet as Wiley

himself undoubtedly also knows, his work is more complex than this. This

work, for example, both lampoons the hyper-masculinity of the original piece

(Neoclassical painter Jacques-Louis David’s “Napoleon Crossing the Alps”,

seen in Western art history.

Visitors to Walker’s 'A Subtlety', housed in a former Brooklyn Domino Sugar

factory, encountered something that was far from subtle. Her enormous

bright-white sculpture of a nude woman was 35 feet tall and 75 feet long and

covered with approximately 80,000 pounds of refined white sugar.

“Rhine II” , the work of German photographer Gursky, measures almost 12

feet long and 7 feet high. Its enormous size could have allowed for a wealth of

compositional possibilities, but the photograph was formally extremely simple.

While the actual view (in Germany) was busy with power lines, trees, and

livestock, Gursky had removed all of these things through both analogue and

digital processes.