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    Circular Motion: Pre-Reading: KJF 6.1 and 6.2

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    Dinesh Kumar
    This document provides an overview of the key concepts in circular motion including angular displacement, tangential velocity, angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and solving circular motion problems by drawing free body diagrams and identifying the centripetal force. Examples are provided such as a woman on a rotating carnival ride and calculating the minimum speed needed for a bucket of water to remain in the bucket during circular motion. Students are prompted to work practice problems on centripetal force and acceleration in various circular motion scenarios.

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    Circular Motion: Pre-Reading: KJF 6.1 and 6.2

    Uploaded by

    Dinesh Kumar
    19 views19 pages
    This document provides an overview of the key concepts in circular motion including angular displacement, tangential velocity, angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and solving circular motion problems by drawing free body diagrams and identifying the centripetal force. Examples are provided such as a woman on a rotating carnival ride and calculating the minimum speed needed for a bucket of water to remain in the bucket during circular motion. Students are prompted to work practice problems on centripetal force and acceleration in various circular motion scenarios.

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    Circular

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    Mechanics 06

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    This document provides an overview of the key concepts in circular motion including angular displacement, tangential velocity, angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and solving circular motion problems by drawing free body diagrams and identifying the centripetal force. Examples are provided such as a woman on a rotating carnival ride and calculating the minimum speed needed for a bucket of water to remain in the bucket during circular motion. Students are prompted to work practice problems on centripetal force and acceleration in various circular motion scenarios.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views19 pages

    Circular Motion: Pre-Reading: KJF 6.1 and 6.2

    Uploaded by

    Dinesh Kumar
    This document provides an overview of the key concepts in circular motion including angular displacement, tangential velocity, angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and solving circular motion problems by drawing free body diagrams and identifying the centripetal force. Examples are provided such as a woman on a rotating carnival ride and calculating the minimum speed needed for a bucket of water to remain in the bucket during circular motion. Students are prompted to work practice problems on centripetal force and acceleration in various circular motion scenarios.

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    Lecture 6

    Circular Motion

    Pre-reading: KJF §6.1 and 6.2


    Please log in to Socrative, 

    room HMJPHYS1002
    CIRCULAR MOTION
    KJF §6.1–6.4
    Angular position
    If an object moves in a circle
    of radius r, then after
    travelling a distance s it has
    moved an angular
    displacement θ:
    s
    θ=
    r

    θ is measured in radians

    (2π radians = 360°)

    KJF §3.8 3
    Tangential velocity
    If motion is uniform and
    object takes time t to execute
    motion, then it has tangential
    velocity of magnitude v given
    by
    s
    v=
    t

    Period of motion T = time to complete one revolution (units: s)


    Frequency f = number of revolutions per second (units: s–1 or Hz)
    1
    f=
    T 4
    Angular velocity
    Define an angular velocity ω
    angular displacement θ
    ω= =
    time interval t
    Uniform circular motion is
    when ω is constant.
    Combining last 3 equations:
    v = rω
    2π
    period T =
    ω
    KJF §6.1 5
    Question
    You place a beetle on a 

    uniformly rotating record
    (a) Is the beetle's tangential velocity different or
    the same at different radial positions?
    (b)Is the beetle's angular velocity different or the
    same at the different radial positions?

    Remember; all points on a rigid rotating object


    will experience the same angular velocity

    6
    Consider an object is moving in
    uniform circular motion –
    tangential speed is constant.

    Is the object accelerating?

    Velocity is a vector

    ∴ changing direction 

    ⇒ acceleration 

    ⇒ net force

    7
    The change in velocity
    Δv = v2 – v1
    and Δv points towards the
    centre of the circle
    Angle between velocity vectors
    is θ so
    Δv = vθ
    and so
    ∆v vθ v2
    a= = =
    ∆t rθ/v r
    KJF §3.8 8
    Centripetal acceleration
    Acceleration points towards centre 

    – centripetal acceleration ac
    v2
    ac = = ω2 r
    r
    Since the object is accelerating, there must be a
    force to keep it moving in a circle
    mv 2 2
    Fc = = mω r
    r
    This centripetal force may be provided by friction,
    tension in a string, gravity etc. or combinations.
    KJF §6.2 Examples? 9
    Note that centripetal force is the name given to
    the resultant force: it is not a separate force in
    the free-body diagram.

    The centripetal acceleration has to be provided


    by some other force (tension, friction, normal
    force) in order for circular motion to occur.

    10
    Solving CM problems
    • Draw a free-body diagram
    • If the object is moving in a circle, there must be a
    net force pointing towards the centre of the circle.
    • The magnitude of this net force is given by
    mv 2
    Fc = = mω 2 r
    r

    11
    Problem 1
    You enter the carnival ride called "The Rotor". The
    circular room is spinning and you and other riders are
    stuck to the circular wall.

    • Draw a free-body diagram of


    the woman in red
    • Is she in equilibrium? Explain
    • What force is providing the
    centripetal force?

    12
    Whirling bucket
    A bucket of water is
    whirled around in a vertical
    circle with radius 1m.
    What is the minimum
    speed that it can be whirled
    so the water remains in the
    bucket?

    [3 ms–1, or rotation period 2s]

    13
    Socrative questions
    Car around a corner
    A car of mass 1.6 t travels at a constant speed of
    72 km/h around a horizontal curved road with radius
    of curvature 190 m. (Draw a free-body diagram)
    What is the minimum value of μs between the road
    and the tyres that will prevent slippage?
    [0.21]

    15
    Car over a hill
    A car is driving at constant speed over a hill,
    which is a circular dome of radius 240 m.
    Above what speed will the car leave the road at
    the top of the hill?
    [175 km/h]

    16
    Banked road
    On a curve, if the road surface is "banked" (tilted
    towards the curve centre) then the horizontal
    component of the normal force can provide some
    (or all) of the required centripetal force. Choose v
    & θ so that less or no static friction is required.

    KJF example 6.6 17


    KJF example 6.6
    A curve of radius 70m is banked at a 15° angle. At
    what speed can a car take this curve without
    assistance from friction?
    [14 ms–1 = 50 km h–1]

    KJF example 6.6 18


    NEXT LECTURE

    Centre of mass and Torque

    Read: KJF §7.2, 7.3

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