DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h 1) = 0.000 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 1.000 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h 3)or D = 1.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.6 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (B b) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 1.600 m
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 29 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 23.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 19.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.550

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt= 0.6 m

h1= 0.000 m

A2

h2= 1.000 m H=h1+h2+h3= 2.000 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

30/100
1/ 5

W= 56.488 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 4.395 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 0.667 m
h3= 1.000 0.400 0.6 0.600 m
A1 '
X bb= 1.600 m
1/ 5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H = 13.185 KN/m2
0.320 hv, m
Binclined 1.632 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 2.000 m
m= 0.225
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 4

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or 0.28Qpm2n2/ P H
(H2(0.16+n2)3 for m≤0.4
0.225 0.250 0.500 4.657 2.354
0.225 0.500 1.000 4.761 2.407
0.225 0.750 1.500 4.869 2.445
0.225 1.000 2.000 4.912
 ΣP =
H 7.207

4.950
1 2 3 Surcharge
4 5 6load
7 from
8 vehicle
9 10 11 12 13 14

4.900
4.850
4.800
σx

4.750
4.700
4.650
4.600
4.550
4.500
Base length of triange A1 = 0.400 m
Base length of triange A3 = 0.600 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.064 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 0.267 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 0.700 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 1.200 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 1.067 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 1) = 0.400 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 2) = 1.200 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 3) = 0.600 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 4) = 0.256 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 2.456 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 56.488 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h 4) = 0.667 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.347

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 0.790 m
∑ An

Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 7.207 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 1.180 m
Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H
Active earth pressure at base of wall 13.185 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 8.504 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 44.614 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h 4 Overturning Moment 4.395 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 1.5

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 44.614 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 12.899 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS )=

overturning 3.459 OK

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 1.5

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.550
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 31.068 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 20.392 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 31.068 / 20.392 1.524 OK

 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h 1) = 0.000 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 1.500 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h 3)or D = 1.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.6 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (B b) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 1.800 m
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 29 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 23.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 19.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt= 0.6 m

h1= 0.000 m

A2

h2= 1.500 m H=h1+h2+h3= 2.500 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

28/100
1/ 5

W= 76.452 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 6.867 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 0.833 m
h3= 1.000 0.500 0.6 0.700 m
A1 '
X bb= 1.800 m
1/ 5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H = 16.481 KN/m2
0.360 hv, m
Binclined 1.836 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 2.500 m
m= 0.180
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 5

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or 0.28Qpm2n2/ P H
(H2(0.16+n2)3 for m≤0.4
0.180 0.200 0.500 3.002 1.502
0.180 0.400 1.000 3.006 1.522
0.180 0.600 1.500 3.081 1.551
0.180 0.800 2.000 3.124 1.567
0.180 1.000 2.500 3.144
 ΣP =
H 6.142

3.200
1 2 3 Surcharge
4 5 6load
7 from
8 vehicle
9 10 11 12 13 14

3.150

3.100
σx

3.050

3.000

2.950

2.900
Base length of triange A1 = 0.500 m
Base length of triange A3 = 0.700 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.072 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 0.333 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 0.800 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 1.333 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 1.200 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 1) = 0.625 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 2) = 1.500 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 3) = 0.875 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 4) = 0.324 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 3.324 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 76.452 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h 4) = 0.833 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.347

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 0.892 m
∑ An

Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 6.142 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 1.475 m
Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H
Active earth pressure at base of wall 16.481 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 9.060 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 68.167 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h 4 Overturning Moment 6.867 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 1.5

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 68.167 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 15.927 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS )=

overturning 4.280 OK

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 1.5

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 34.403 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 22.623 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 34.403 / 22.623 1.521 OK

 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h 1) = 0.000 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 2.000 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h 3)or D = 1.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.6 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (B b) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 1.950 m
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 29 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 23.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 19.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt= 0.6 m

h1= 0.000 m

A2

h2= 2.000 m H=h1+h2+h3= 3.000 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

25/100
1/ 5

W= 96.721 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 9.889 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 1.000 m
h3= 1.000 0.600 0.6 0.750 m
A1 '
X bb= 1.950 m
1/ 5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H = 19.778 KN/m2
0.390 hv, m
Binclined 1.989 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 3.000 m
m= 0.150
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 6

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or 0.28Qpm2n2/ P H
(H2(0.16+n2)3 for m≤0.4
0.150 0.167 0.500 2.103 1.044
0.150 0.333 1.000 2.072 1.047
0.150 0.500 1.500 2.116 1.067
0.150 0.667 2.000 2.152 1.081
0.150 0.833 2.500 2.172 1.089
0.150 1.000 3.000 2.183
 ΣP =
H 5.328

2.200
1 2 3 Surcharge
4 5 6load
7 from
8 vehicle
9 10 11 12 13 14

2.180
2.160
2.140
σx

2.120
2.100
2.080
2.060
2.040
2.020
2.000
Base length of triange A1 = 0.600 m
Base length of triange A3 = 0.750 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.078 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 0.400 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 0.900 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 1.450 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 1.300 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 1) = 0.900 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 2) = 1.800 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 3) = 1.125 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 4) = 0.380 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 4.205 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 96.721 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h 4) = 1.000 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.347

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 0.976 m
∑ An

Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 5.328 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 1.770 m
Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H
Active earth pressure at base of wall 19.778 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 9.430 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 94.428 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h 4 Overturning Moment 9.889 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 1.5

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 94.428 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 19.319 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS )=

overturning 4.888 OK

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 1.5

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 43.524 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 25.105 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 43.524 / 25.105 1.734 OK

 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h 1) = 0.000 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 3.000 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h 3)or D = 1.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.6 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (B b) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 2.000 m
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 29 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 23.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 19.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt= 0.6 m

h1= 0.000 m

A2

h2= 3.000 m H=h1+h2+h3= 4.000 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

15/100
1/ 5

W= 128.800 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 17.580 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 1.333 m
h3= 1.000 0.800 0.6 0.600 m
A1 '
X bb= 2.000 m
1/ 5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H = 26.370 KN/m2
0.400 hv,m
Binclined 2.04 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 4.000 m
m= 0.113
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 8

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or 0.28Qpm2n2/ P H
(H2(0.16+n2)3 for m≤0.4
0.113 0.125 0.500 1.200 0.591
0.113 0.250 1.000 1.164 0.584
0.113 0.375 1.500 1.171 0.590
0.113 0.500 2.000 1.190 0.599
0.113 0.625 2.500 1.206 0.606
0.113 0.750 3.000 1.217 0.610
0.113 0.875 3.500 1.224 0.613
0.113 1.000 4.000 1.228
 ΣP =
H 4.193

1.240
1 2 3 Surcharge
4 5 6load
7 from
8 vehicle
9 10 11 12 13 14

1.220

1.200
σx

1.180

1.160

1.140

1.120
Base length of triange A1 = 0.800 m
Base length of triange A3 = 0.600 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.080 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 0.533 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 1.100 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 1.600 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 1.333 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 1) = 1.600 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 2) = 2.400 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 3) = 1.200 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 4) = 0.400 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 5.600 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 128.800 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h 4) = 1.333 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.347

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 1.062 m
∑ An

Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 4.193 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 2.360 m
Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H
Active earth pressure at base of wall 26.370 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 9.896 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 136.773 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h 4 Overturning Moment 17.580 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 1.75

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 136.773 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 27.476 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS )=

overturning 4.978 OK

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 1.75

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 57.960 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 30.563 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 57.960 / 30.563 1.896 OK

 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h 1) = 0.000 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 4.000 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h 3)or D = 1.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.6 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (B b) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 2.500 m
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 29 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 23.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 19.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt= 0.6 m

h1= 0.000 m

A2

h2= 4.000 m H=h1+h2+h3= 5.000 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

18/100
1/ 5

W= 192.625 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 27.469 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 1.667 m
h3= 1.000 1.000 0.6 0.900 m
A1 '
X bb= 2.500 m
1/ 5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H = 32.963 KN/m2
0.500 hv, m
Binclined 2.55 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 5.000 m
m= 0.090
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 10

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or 0.28Qpm2n2/ P H
(H2(0.16+n2)3 for m≤0.4
0.090 0.100 0.500 0.775 0.381
0.090 0.200 1.000 0.751 0.374
0.090 0.300 1.500 0.744 0.374
0.090 0.400 2.000 0.752 0.378
0.090 0.500 2.500 0.762 0.383
0.090 0.600 3.000 0.770 0.387
0.090 0.700 3.500 0.777 0.389
0.090 0.800 4.000 0.781 0.391
0.090 0.900 4.500 0.784 0.392
0.090 1.000 5.000 0.786
 ΣP =
H 3.450

0.790
1 2 3 Surcharge
4 5 6load
7 from
8 vehicle
9 10 11 12 13 14

0.780

0.770
σx

0.760

0.750

0.740

0.730

0.720
Base length of triange A1 = 1.000 m
Base length of triange A3 = 0.900 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.100 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 0.667 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 1.300 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 1.900 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 1.667 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 1) = 2.500 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 2) = 3.000 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 3) = 2.250 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 4) = 0.625 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 8.375 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 192.625 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h 4) = 1.667 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.347

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 1.300 m
∑ An

Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 3.450 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 2.950 m
Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H
Active earth pressure at base of wall 32.963 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 10.178 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 250.317 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h 4 Overturning Moment 27.469 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 2.0

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 250.317 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 37.647 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS )=

overturning 6.649 OK

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 2.0

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 86.681 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 36.413 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 86.681 / 36.413 2.381 OK

 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h 1) = 0.000 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 5.000 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h 3)or D = 1.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.6 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (B b) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 3.000 m
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 30 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 23.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 20.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt= 0.6 m

h1= 0.000 m

A2

h2= 5.000 m H=h1+h2+h3= 6.000 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

20/100
1/ 5

W= 269.100 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 40.000 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 2.000 m
h3= 1.000 1.200 0.6 1.200 m
A1 '
X bb= 3.000 m
1/ 5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H = 40.000 KN/m2
0.600 hv, m
Binclined 3.059 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 6.000 m
m= 0.075
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 12

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or 0.28Qpm2n2/ P H
(H2(0.16+n2)3 for m≤0.4
0.075 0.083 0.500 0.541 0.267
0.075 0.167 1.000 0.526 0.261
0.075 0.250 1.500 0.517 0.259
0.075 0.333 2.000 0.518 0.260
0.075 0.417 2.500 0.523 0.263
0.075 0.500 3.000 0.529 0.266
0.075 0.583 3.500 0.534 0.268
0.075 0.667 4.000 0.538 0.270
0.075 0.750 4.500 0.541 0.271
0.075 0.833 5.000 0.543 0.272
0.075 0.917 5.500 0.545 0.273
0.075 1.000 6.000 0.546
 ΣP =
H 2.929

0.550
1 2 3 Surcharge
4 5 6load
7 from
8 vehicle
9 10 11 12 13 14

0.545
0.540
0.535
σx

0.530
0.525
0.520
0.515
0.510
0.505
0.500
Base length of triange A1 = 1.200 m
Base length of triange A3 = 1.200 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.120 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 0.800 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 1.500 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 2.200 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 2.000 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 1) = 3.600 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 2) = 3.600 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 3) = 3.600 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 4) = 0.900 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 11.700 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 269.100 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h 4) = 2.000 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.333

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 1.538 m
∑ An

Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 2.929 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 3.540 m
Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H
Active earth pressure at base of wall 40.000 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 10.368 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 414.000 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h 4 Overturning Moment 40.000 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 2.5

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 414.000 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 50.368 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS )=

overturning 8.220 OK

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 2.5

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 121.095 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 42.929 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 121.095 / 42.929 2.821 OK

 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h 1) = 0.000 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 6.000 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h 3)or D = 1.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.6 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (B b) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 3.500 m
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 30 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 23.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 20.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt= 0.6 m

h1= 0.000 m

A2

h2= 6.000 m H=h1+h2+h3= 7.000 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

21/100
1/ 5

W= 358.225 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 54.444 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 2.333 m
h3= 1.000 1.400 0.6 1.500 m
A1 '
X bb= 3.500 m
1/ 5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H = 46.667 KN/m2
0.700 hv, m
Binclined 3.569 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 7.000 m
m= 0.064
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 14

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or 0.28Qpm2n2/ P H
(H2(0.16+n2)3 for m≤0.4
0.064 0.071 0.500 0.399 0.197
0.064 0.143 1.000 0.389 0.193
0.064 0.214 1.500 0.382 0.190
0.064 0.286 2.000 0.380 0.190
0.064 0.357 2.500 0.381 0.192
0.064 0.429 3.000 0.385 0.193
0.064 0.500 3.500 0.389 0.195
0.064 0.571 4.000 0.392 0.197
0.064 0.643 4.500 0.395 0.198
0.064 0.714 5.000 0.397 0.199
0.064 0.786 5.500 0.398 0.199
0.064 0.857 6.000 0.399 0.200
0.064 0.929 6.500 0.400 0.200
0.064 1.000 7.000 0.401
 ΣP =
H 2.543

0.405
1 2 3 Surcharge
4 5 6load
7 from
8 vehicle
9 10 11 12 13 14

0.400

0.395
σx

0.390

0.385

0.380

0.375

0.370

0.365
Base length of triange A1 = 1.400 m
Base length of triange A3 = 1.500 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.140 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 0.933 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 1.700 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 2.500 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 2.333 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 1) = 4.900 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 2) = 4.200 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 3) = 5.250 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 4) = 1.225 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 15.575 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 358.225 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h 4) = 2.333 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.333

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 1.778 m
∑ An

Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 2.543 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 4.130 m
Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H
Active earth pressure at base of wall 46.667 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 10.504 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 637.023 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h 4 Overturning Moment 54.444 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 2.5

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 637.023 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 64.948 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS )=

overturning 9.808 OK

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 2.5

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 161.201 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 49.210 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 161.201 / 49.210 3.276 OK

 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h1) = 0.000 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 7.000 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h3)or D = 1.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.6 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (Bb) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 4.000 m
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 30 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 23.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 20.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt= 0.6 m

h1= 0.000 m

A2

h2= 7.000 m H=h1+h2+h3= 8.000 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

22/100
1/ 5

W= 460.000 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 71.111 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 2.667 m
h3= 1.000 1.600 0.6 1.800 m
A1 '
X bb= 4.000 m
1/ 5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H = 53.333 KN/m2
0.800 hv, m
Binclined 4.079 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 8.000 m
m= 0.056
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 16

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or 0.28Qpm2n2/ P H
(H2(0.16+n2)3 for m≤0.4
0.056 0.063 0.500 0.306 0.152
0.056 0.125 1.000 0.300 0.148
0.056 0.188 1.500 0.294 0.146
0.056 0.250 2.000 0.291 0.146
0.056 0.313 2.500 0.291 0.146
0.056 0.375 3.000 0.293 0.147
0.056 0.438 3.500 0.295 0.148
0.056 0.500 4.000 0.298 0.149
0.056 0.563 4.500 0.300 0.150
0.056 0.625 5.000 0.302 0.151
0.056 0.688 5.500 0.303 0.152
0.056 0.750 6.000 0.304 0.152
0.056 0.813 6.500 0.305 0.153
0.056 0.875 7.000 0.306 0.153
0.056 0.938 7.500 0.307 0.153
0.056 1.000 8.000 0.307
 ΣP =
H 2.247

Surcharge load from vehicle

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0.310

0.305

0.300
σx

0.295

0.290

0.285

0.280
Base length of triange A1 = 1.600 m
Base length of triange A3 = 1.800 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.160 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 1.067 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 1.900 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 2.800 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 2.667 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A1) = 6.400 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A2) = 4.800 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A3) = 7.200 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A4) = 1.600 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 20.000 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 460.000 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h4) = 2.667 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.333

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 2.019 m
∑ An
Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 2.247 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 4.720 m
Active earth pressure at base of wall Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H 53.333 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 10.607 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 928.587 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h4 Overturning Moment 71.111 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 2.75

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 928.587 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 81.718 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS overturning) = 11.363 OK

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 2.75

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 207.000 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 55.580 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 207.000 / 55.580 3.724 OK

 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h 1) = 0.000 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 8.000 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h 3)or D = 1.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.6 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (Bb) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 4.500 m
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 30 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 23.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 20.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
b t= 0.6 m

h1= 0.000 m

A2

h2= 8.000 m H=h1+h2+h3= 9.000 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

23/100
1/ 5

W= 574.425 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 90.000 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 3.000 m
h3= 1.000 1.800 0.6 2.100 m
A1 '
X b b= 4.500 m
1/ 5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H = 60.000 KN/m2
0.900 hv, m
Binclined 4.589 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 9.000 m
m= 0.050
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 18

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or 0.28Qpm2n2/ P H
(H2(0.16+n2)3 for m≤0.4
0.050 0.056 0.500 0.242 0.120
0.050 0.111 1.000 0.238 0.118
0.050 0.167 1.500 0.234 0.116
0.050 0.222 2.000 0.231 0.115
0.050 0.278 2.500 0.230 0.115
0.050 0.333 3.000 0.230 0.115
0.050 0.389 3.500 0.232 0.116
0.050 0.444 4.000 0.233 0.117
0.050 0.500 4.500 0.235 0.118
0.050 0.556 5.000 0.237 0.119
0.050 0.611 5.500 0.238 0.119
0.050 0.667 6.000 0.239 0.120
0.050 0.722 6.500 0.240 0.120
0.050 0.778 7.000 0.241 0.121
0.050 0.833 7.500 0.241 0.121
0.050 0.889 8.000 0.242 0.121
0.050 0.944 8.500 0.242 0.121
 0.050 1.000 9.000 0.243

ΣP =
H 2.013

Surcharge load from vehicle

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
0.245

0.240
σx

0.235

0.230

0.225

0.220
Base length of triange A1 = 1.800 m
Base length of triange A3 = 2.100 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.180 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 1.200 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 2.100 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 3.100 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 3.000 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 1) = 8.100 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 2) = 5.400 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 3) = 9.450 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A 4) = 2.025 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall ( ΣAn) = 24.975 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 574.425 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h 4) = 3.000 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.333

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 2.259 m
∑ An
Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 2.013 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 5.310 m
Active earth pressure at base of wall Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H 60.000 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 10.687 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 1297.890 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h 4 Overturning Moment 90.000 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 2.75

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 1297.890 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 100.687 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS overturning

)= 12.890 OK

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 2.75

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.450
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 258.491 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 62.013 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 258.491 / 62.013 4.168 OK

Hm Bt m Bb m Binclined m hv m Outward slope back slope
2.000 0.600 1.600 1.632 0.320 1/ 5 3/10
2.500 0.600 1.800 1.836 0.360 1/ 5 7/25
3.000 0.600 1.950 1.989 0.390 1/ 5 1/ 4
4.000 0.600 2.000 2.040 0.400 1/ 5 3/20
5.000 0.600 2.500 2.550 0.500 1/ 5 9/50
6.000 0.600 3.000 3.059 0.600 1/ 5 1/ 5
7.000 0.600 3.500 3.569 0.700 1/ 5 3/14
8.000 0.600 4.000 4.079 0.800 1/ 5 9/40
9.000 0.600 4.500 4.589 0.900 1/ 5 7/30

Bt
pe

back slo
Outward slo

pe

1m Bb
Binc hv
lined

Typical diagram with Stone masonry wall geometry

Cross Section area m2
2.456
3.324
4.205
5.600
8.375
11.700
15.575
20.000
24.975