ASSIGNMENT

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

Fatima Tariq
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NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
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1 Table of Contents
Network Topology ................................................................................................................................ 4
DEFINITION ............................................................................................................................................... 4
TYPES OF TOPOLOGY ................................................................................................................................ 4
BUS Topology ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Features of Bus Topology...................................................................................................................... 4
Advantages of Bus Topology ................................................................................................................. 4
Disadvantages of Bus Topology ............................................................................................................ 5
RING Topology .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Features of Ring Topology .................................................................................................................... 6
Advantages of Ring Topology ................................................................................................................ 7
Disadvantages of Ring Topology ........................................................................................................... 7
STAR Topology .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Features of Star Topology ..................................................................................................................... 8
Advantages of Star Topology ................................................................................................................ 8
Disadvantages of Star Topology............................................................................................................ 8
MESH Topology ......................................................................................................................................... 9
MESH Topology: Routing ...................................................................................................................... 9
MESH Topology: Flooding ..................................................................................................................... 9
Types of Mesh Topology ..................................................................................................................... 10
Features of Mesh Topology ................................................................................................................ 10
Advantages of Mesh Topology............................................................................................................ 10
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology ....................................................................................................... 11
TREE Topology ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Features of Tree Topology .................................................................................................................. 11
Advantages of Tree Topology ............................................................................................................. 12
Disadvantages of Tree Topology ......................................................................................................... 12
HYBRID Topology .................................................................................................................................... 12
Features of Hybrid Topology .............................................................................................................. 13
Advantages of Hybrid Topology .......................................................................................................... 13
Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology ..................................................................................................... 14

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a. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

b. TYPES OF TOPOLOGIES

i. BUS TOPOLOGY

ii. RING TOPOLOGY

iii. STAR TOPOLOGY

iv. MESH TOPOLOGY

1. ROUTING

2. FLOODING

v. TREE TOPOLOGY

vi. HYBRID TOPOLOGY

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Network Topology
DEFINITION
Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting
various nodes (sender and receiver) through lines of connection.

1-TYPES OF TOPOLOGY
1.1 BUS Topology

Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to
single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus topology.

1.1.1 Features of Bus Topology

1. It transmits data only in one direction.

2. Every device is connected to a single cable

1.1.2 Advantages of Bus Topology

1. It is cost effective.
2. Cable required is least compared to other network topology.
3. Used in small networks.

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4. It is easy to understand.
5. Easy to expand joining two cables together.

1.1.3 Disadvantages of Bus Topology

1. Cables fails then whole network fails.

2. If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of the network decreases.
3. Cable has a limited length.
4. It is slower than the ring topology.

DEFINITION

1.2 RING Topology

It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another
computer, with the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbors for each device.

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1.2.1 Features of Ring Topology

1. A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large number of nodes, because
if someone wants to send some data to the last node in the ring topology with 100
nodes, then the data will have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node.
Hence to prevent data loss repeaters are used in the network.
2. The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by having 2
connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology.
3. In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is in opposite
direction in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can act as a backup, to keep the
network up.
4. Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data transmitted, has to
pass through each node of the network, till the destination node.

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1.2.2 Advantages of Ring Topology

1. Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or by adding more nodes, as only the
nodes having tokens can transmit data.
2. Cheap to install and expand

1.2.3 Disadvantages of Ring Topology

1. Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.

2. Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network activity.
3. Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.

DEFINITION

1.3 STAR Topology

In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable.
This hub is the central node and all others nodes are connected to the central node.

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1.3.1 Features of Star Topology

1. Every node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.

2. Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.
3. Can be used with twisted pair, Optical fiber or coaxial cable.

1.3.2 Advantages of Star Topology

1. Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.

2. Hub can be upgraded easily.
3. Easy to troubleshoot.
4. Easy to setup and modify.
5. Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can work smoothly.

1.3.3 Disadvantages of Star Topology

1. Cost of installation is high.

2. Expensive to use.

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3. If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because all the nodes depend on the
hub.
4. Performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity

DEFINITION

1.4 MESH Topology

It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network nodes are
connected to each other. Mesh has physical channels to link devices.
There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh topology, they are :

1. Routing
2. Flooding

1.4.1 MESH Topology: Routing

In routing, the nodes have a routing logic, as per the network requirements. Like routing
logic to direct the data to reach the destination using the shortest distance. Or, routing logic
which has information about the broken links, and it avoids those node etc. We can even
have routing logic, to re-configure the failed nodes.

1.4.2 MESH Topology: Flooding

In flooding, the same data is transmitted to all the network nodes, hence no routing logic is
required. The network is robust, and the its very unlikely to lose the data. But it leads to
unwanted load over the network.

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1.4.3 Types of Mesh Topology

1. Partial Mesh Topology : In this topology some of the systems are connected in the
same fashion as mesh topology but some devices are only connected to two or three
devices.
2. Full Mesh Topology : Each and every nodes or devices are connected to each other.

1.4.4 Features of Mesh Topology

1. Fully connected.
2. Robust.
3. Not flexible.

1.4.5 Advantages of Mesh Topology

1. Each connection can carry its own data load.

2. It is robust.

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3. Fault is diagnosed easily.

4. Provides security and privacy.

1.4.6 Disadvantages of Mesh Topology

1. Installation and configuration is difficult.

2. Cabling cost is more.
3. Bulk wiring is required.

DEFINITION

1.5 TREE Topology

It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also
called hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy.

1.5.1 Features of Tree Topology

1. Ideal if workstations are located in groups.

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2. Used in Wide Area Network.

1.5.2 Advantages of Tree Topology

1. Extension of bus and star topologies.

2. Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
3. Easily managed and maintained.
4. Error detection is easily done.

1.5.3 Disadvantages of Tree Topology

1. Heavily cabled.
2. Costly.
3. If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
4. Central hub fails, network fails.

DEFINITION

1.6 HYBRID Topology

It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more topologies. For

example if in an office in one department ring topology is used and in another star topology

is used, connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star

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topology).

1.6.1 Features of Hybrid Topology

1. It is a combination of two or topologies

2. Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the topologies included

1.6.2 Advantages of Hybrid Topology

1. Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.

2. Effective.
3. Scalable as size can be increased easily.
4. Flexible.

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1.6.3 Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology

1. Complex in design.
2. Costly.

BACK TO TOP

TABLE

NUMBER TOPOLOGY

1 BUS

2 RING

3 STAR

4 MESH

5 TREE

6 HYBRID

Hence, there are six different kinds of

topologies with different features

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Sales

BUS
RING
STAR
MESH
TREE
HYBRID

PIE CHART

THE END

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8/31/2019 
LAHORE HELLO
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The network topologies are very important

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES