13.the "Wattyfever" Constructs of Wattpad Readers PDF

LPU Laguna Journal of Arts and Sciences
Communication Research Vol. 2 No.1 September 2015
THE “WATTYFEVER”:
CONSTRUCTS OF WATTPAD READERS
ON WATTPAD’S ROLE IN THEIR LIVES
Dawn Julie Ann J. Contreras, Honey Grace N. Gonzaga,

Biance Marielle C. Trovela and Ma. Anna Corina G. Kagaoan
AB in Communication
Abstract
This research study was done to understand how and why people engage
themselves in reading on Wattpad. The study also sought to identify the
reasons why Wattpad readers tend to be addicted in a story. Moreover, it
looked into the factors that triggered the readers to start reading as well as
the factors that motivated them to continue reading on the site. Basically, this
study was made to know the constructs of Wattpad readers on Wattpad‘s
role in their lives. Based from the findings gathered, a conceptual framework
was created which represents the Wattpad engagement process of readers.
The researchers used the qualitative approach in this study. They conducted
open-ended, in-depth interviews with their participants to gather data that will
suffice their research. The researchers identified themes of experiences that
answered the research questions of the study. The researchers first found
out the factors that triggered the participants to read on Wattpad. These
include ―surrounding people‖, ―interest in literature‖, ―social media‖,
―boredom‖, ―free cost‖ and ―convenience‖. They also found out the
motivational factors that made the participants continue reading on Wattpad
which include ―Learning Satisfaction‖ and ―Emotional Satisfaction‖. Based on
the gathered data, the researchers have come up with a realization that the
participants tend to be addicted on Wattpad given the aforementioned
factors. The researchers also found out that reading on Wattpad has already
become part of the participants‘ lives. It appears that once they got engaged,
losing grip will be hard. To fu¬rther improve the study, the researchers
recommend a follow-up qualitative study that will focus on the Wattpad
writers since this study focused on the Wattpad readers. It is further
suggested that a quantitative study that will test a large number of
participants in terms of the effects of Wattpad in their lives be conducted.
Keywords: communication, wattpad, wattyfever, constructs, role, readers.
Research and Statistics Center LPU Laguna

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INTRODUCTION
Biagi (2005) once wrote that in this modern era, where the use of
mass communication has become a way of life, ―to be connected is to be
wireless‖. New and emerging technologies allow people to use them
anywhere even without the presence of wires. Hence, this mass media
generation lets people access to anything. Through using portable
computers, satellites, and devices one can carry in his/her pockets, he/she
can watch movies, listen to radio, and download music, books, and
newspapers. In other words, mass media and its users are ―totally mobile‖
(p.5).
Furthermore, Biagi (2005) added that technology greatly influences

the field of book publishing. The whole process of printing and circulating
books entails an expensive cost compare to embracing technology
advancements that only calls for lower production costs, thus, resulting to
benefitting the industry. Since book publishers eye on earning from their
works, they resort to producing audio books and electronic books (e-book).
According to Rodman (2010), the term e-book refers to ―books that

exist as digital files‖. E-book devices called readers which resemble the size
and shape of printed books are now being sold. These e-books can be
bought and downloaded via the Internet and can be formatted and obtained
from different forms of hardware such as mobile devices and any kind of
computer (p.67).
On the other hand, the hand-held tangible devices used to read e-

books are called e-readers. These are usually in the form of tablets. Popular
examples of these are Kindle, Nook, and Sony Reader among others. Mobile
devices and other Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) are also considered as
e-readers (Rouse, 2011). In addition, there are also websites that contain

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different e-books that can be accessed and downloaded for free such as
Wattpad (wattpad.com), Fan Fiction (fanfiction.net), Archive of Our Own
(archiveofourown.org), Asian Fanfics (asianfanfics.com), DevianArt
(devianart.com), FicWad (ficwad.com), and Internet Archive (archive.org)
(Kowalczyk, 2014).
In an article entitled ―Digital Books Down, But Not Out‖ by Fanklin

Paul, he stated that there is a future that awaits for e-books. Also mentioned
in the piece was Richard Doherty, research director at Envisioneering Group,
who implied that e-books cater to two main audiences namely the youth and
retired readers. The former is not fond of going to libraries while the latter
wants reading convenience provided by light and handy devices (as cited in
Biagi, 2005).
On a survey about the top ten things students do on their tablets

conducted by Pe Benito (2013), it was found out that aside from browsing
through Social Networking Sites (SNS) such as Facebook and Twitter,
students also use their tablets for the purpose of reading, which landed on
the sixth spot of the survey. The results made mention of Kindle and
Wattpad, e-book reader and site, where over a million books were published
and can be accessed for free.
Hemus (2013) wrote that Wattpad has found its niche in the online
reading setting. According to its official website, www.wattpad.com, Wattpad
is the ―world‘s largest community for discovering and sharing stories‖. It is a
site where authors and readers can write, read, and interact with one another
for free.
Wattpad manages to continuously attract and get readers, having

16.9 million visitors all over the world per month and recording an average of
30 minutes spent in reading per visit. Tagged as the ―YouTube for Writers‖, it

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provides a way for authors to share their stories with the world and that
particular title really fits the interactive nature of the said online platform
(Hemus, 2013).
In an article entitled ―Story behind Wattpad, Online Story Hub‖,

Wattpad CEO Allen Lau said that the online community has roughly six
million visitors from the Philippines monthly (as cited in Yang, 2014). On the
other hand, Kristel Tan, Wattpad‘s country manager for the Philippines, said
that of all the countries represented on Wattpad, the Philippines is the
second most represented (just behind the US, but ahead of Canada),
counting for more than 20 percent of all stories posted, many of them written
in Filipino. Moreover, she also gave emphasis on the fandom that Wattpad
writers are able to cultivate in the Philippines, stating that it is more
developed than in other countries (as cited in De Vera, 2013).
Because of the demand and success of Wattpad, readers,

specifically the avid Filipino readers, came up with the term ―Wattyfever‖.
Combining the words ―Watty‖, the short term for Wattpad, and ―Fever‖, which
means ―craze‖ or ―frenzy‖, they were able to coin a term which simply means
the ―Wattpad Phenomenon‖.
On another note, in a research entitled ―#BalitangNetizen: Constructs

of Citizen Journalists on their Role in the Society‖, Jasareno et al. (2013)
interviewed six citizen journalists in the Internet and sought answers as to
why these journalists engaged in the said field; that includes their thoughts,
experiences, and their perceived roles in the society.
The researchers tackled the same qualitative study, only having

Wattpad as the research topic and Wattpad readers as the main participants.
With the growing population of Wattpad readers, the study sought to find out
their constructs as content consumers on the medium‘s role in their lives.

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Objectives of the Study
Generally, this study aimed to determine the contructs of Wattpad

readers on Wattpad‘s role in their lives.
Specifically, it aimed to:
1. identify what triggered the participants to engage in reading on

Wattpad;
2. determine what motivated the participants to read on Wattpad;
3. describe the indicators of Wattpad addiction among the participants;
and,
4. develop a conceptual framework that describes the constructs of the
participants on Wattpad‘s role in their lives.
Formulated Conceptual Framework
Triggering Factors
Surrounding People (Insistent &
Aggressive Classmates, Insistent
& Aggressive Friends, Insistent
Relatives)
Interest in Literature (Interest in
Reading and Writing)
Social Media
Boredom
Free Cost
Wattpad Wattpad Convenience
Addiction Engagement Wattpad Use
Motivational Factors
(for non-
Emotional Satisfaction
addicts) - Pleasure, Relatability (Empathy and Sense
of Belongingness), Relaxation, ‘Kilig’
Vibes, Hope, Self-esteem Booster,
Suspense, Heartache
Learning Satisfaction
- Creativity and Imagination, Knowledge of
New Vocabulary Words, Open-mindedness,
Preparation for the Future, Problem Solver,
Change in Belief, Source of Identity
Figure 1. The Wattpad engagement process
The framework of the study shows how and why the participants
engage in reading on Wattpad. The figure starts with the triggering factors,

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the things that caused the participants to establish a relationship with

Wattpad. Some were lured to Wattpad because of the insistent and
aggressive people around them, while some read to satisfy their interest in
reading and writing. Their exposure to social media, boredom experience,
and the free cost and convenience that Wattpad provides also emerged as
triggering factors.
The said triggering factors led to the use of the technology –

Wattpad. As they read stories from it, the participants found themselves
motivated since in the course of their reading, Wattpad has been fulfilling
their emotional and learning satisfaction. Because of the participants‘
constant usage, indicators that they are getting addicted to Wattpad came
into view. They choose Wattpad over their duties and responsibilities. They
tend to skip their meals, allow themselves to be sleep-deprived, and even
forget to accomplish household and school-related chores.
While the participants in the study admitted that they are addicted to
Wattpad, the researchers still assume that there are still others who engage
themselves in reading on Wattpad but did not reach the level of hype –
hence, the Wattpad non-addicts enclosed in a box with broken lines. The
readers‘ engagement or addiction, for that matter, continues as these certain
factors trigger and motivate them to use Wattpad.
METHOD
The researchers used the qualitative research design to determine

the constructs of Wattpad readers on Wattpad‘s role in their lives. Cresswell
(2008) defined qualitative research as a means for exploring and
understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or
human problem. The process of research involves emerging questions and
procedures, data typically collected in the participant‘s setting, data analysis

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inductively building from particulars to general themes, and the researcher

making interpretations of the meaning of the data.
Specifically, the grounded theory approach was applied. This

qualitative research strategy involves data collection and analysis as well as
formation and development of theory. Cresswell (2008) added that the two
primary characteristics of this design are the constant comparison of data
with emerging categories and theoretical sampling of different groups to
maximize the similarities and the differences of information.
The participants of the study were 14 Wattpad readers who are

residing within the city of Calamba, Laguna and municipalities of Sto. Tomas
and Tanauan, Batangas, and who have been reading Wattpad stories for at
least two years.
The researchers used purposive sampling. According to Oliver

(2006), purposive sampling is a non-probability type of sampling in which
decisions concerning the individuals to be included in the sample are taken
by the researchers. It is based upon a variety of criteria that may include
specialist knowledge of the research issue, and the capacity and willingness
of the participants to participate in the research.
Also, the researchers used the snowball technique in this study. In

this sampling, the researchers collect data on the few members of the target
population they can locate, and then ask those individuals to provide
information needed to locate other members of that population whom they
know (Crossman, 2014).
In order to obtain the needed data and information for the study, the
researchers made use of in-depth interviews as the data gathering
instrument. They used the unstructured type of interview to provide open-

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ended questions that allow both the researchers and participants to ask and
answer further, and discuss topics in a more detailed manner.
Voice recorders were also used to tape the conversations. These will
serve as sources too for the transcription and coding procedures.
Using purposive sampling, the researchers selected Wattpad

readers residing within Calamba City in Laguna, Santo Tomas and Tanauan
City in Batangas. The participants have been reading in Wattpad for at least
two years. They were chosen by the researchers using a network of Wattpad
readers in Facebook as well as through referrals. After the selection, they
provided request messages to ask if the chosen readers can become
participants of the study. As confirmations were received, the researchers
formulated and conducted personal unstructured in-depth interviews with
them. As data saturation occurred, the researchers did the transcription and
coding of a total of 14 interviews. According to Siegle (2002), data saturation
happens when the researchers no longer acquire different information or
answers from the participants.
The coding processes involved listing down in vivo codes, key terms
that emerged from the interviews. These words and phrases were given
meanings through assigning them constructed codes. From there, the
researchers sorted them in terms of their similarities, differences, thought,
and meanings. After the classification of codes, the researchers then came
up with themes of experiences, subthemes, and categories that were later on
used to form the conceptual framework.
The researchers used the data driven coding approach for analysis.
Kawulich (2004) stated that this approach involves inductive code
development based on the data collected in the study. Three levels of
analyses – open coding, axial coding, and selective coding – will be applied

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to gather a complete picture of the information obtained during the data

collection process (Strauss & Corbin, 2008 as cited in Kolb, 2012). Coding
involves the constant comparison method in which data are constantly
compared to data that have already been gathered. Pertinent concepts are
identiﬁed and assigned codes. These codes are constantly reviewed as new
interpretations are made out of the data (Prentice Hall Health).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Findings
Based on the study, the researchers find out that most of the readers
on Wattpad are female whose ages fall between pre-teenage and early 20‘s.
Since Wattpad is a form of technology and most of its stories are written by
the youth, its audience would also be consisting of young readers who can
easily relate with the content.
Three major themes of experiences emerged in the study. The first

one that came out was the factors that triggered the participants to read on
Wattpad. These served as their sources of knowledge that established their
connection with Wattpad. It was found out that the people, whom the
participants often encounter, were the ones who persuaded and
recommended them to try reading on Wattpad. Moreover, the participants‘
personal interest in reading and writing also triggered them to read. Wattpad
has a wide array of stories, so it can be compared to a library where
bookworms would definitely love to stay. Participants, who aspire to become
writers, engaged on Wattpad as well to have an idea on how to write stories.
Social media, boredom, free cost, and convenience surfaced as triggering
factors, too. Wattpad is an online reading platform that is why it can be seen
on the Internet and social media. The boredom the participants feel
whenever they got nothing to do results to reading on Wattpad instead. Since

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stories from Wattpad can be accessed without spending a cent and can be
read on tablets and mobile phones, the participants did not hesitate to
engage into it because of the reading convenience they experience.
Given that most of the participants are still students, they gave out
common answers that revealed that their classmates were the main reason
why they tried reading on Wattpad.
Sheresh, one of the particpants, for that matter, first knew Wattpad
through this one classmate of hers: ―Inintroduce niya [classmate] sa‘kin.‗Di ko
talaga ‗yun alam tapos.. ‗yun, sabi niya, buksan mo ‗tong website na ‗to.. ta‘s
naano na din ako. (My classmate introduced Wattpad to me. At first, I really
didn‘t know it. Then she encouraged me to open Wattpad‘s website. That‘s
how it all started.)‖
Particpants were also as to what makes them continue reading on

Wattpad. It was found out that they remain as readers because of the
emotional satisfaction and learning satisfaction they get. They simply see
Wattpad as a form of pleasure and relaxation. They find a connection
whenever they read because they can relate to the stories. Furthermore, the
stories help them emotionally by boosting their self-esteem, giving them hope
and anticipation, and releasing their sadness and heartaches.
For some participants, Wattpad has become an instrument that

lightens up their mood. Stanton (2009) cited that one of the reasons why
people read is to be pleased. He stated that stories and sound of words
people are gaining from reading tend to satisfy their pleasure needs.
Moreover, Mary Ann Naples, publisher at Rodale Books, noted that a book is
an excellent path to happiness (as cited in Westbrook, 2014).
One of the particpants cited: ―Masaya, tapos kapag nung unang

basa ko kasi, parang wala, naboboring ako. Ta‘s nung parang nag-ano na

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siya, ‗yung parang nagtagal na, na parang nakakakilig na, nakakatuwa,

parang na-a-add mo na sa everyday life mo. (It [Wattpad] makes me happy.
Initially, I was bored but as time passed by, when the stories already make
me blush and happy, little did I know that Wattpad has already been
becoming a part of my life.)‖
Aside from the emotional fulfillment, it was also discovered that

Wattpad is a source of learning. The participants revealed that they learn
many things from Wattpad that they apply in their own lives. For instance,
Wattpad enhances their creativity, imagination, and vocabulary knowledge. It
also teaches them to become open-minded and gives them ideas as
preparation for their future. In a way, Wattpad provides solutions to their
problems and influences them to change their beliefs. It also serves as a way
towards knowing their identities as persons.
Stansberry (2009) noted that reading increases and improves one‘s

vocabulary and spelling. Reading forces readers to look at words that they
might not have seen or heard recently.
In this study, Wattpad has introduced unfamiliar words that were

later on added to the vocabulary knowledge of the participants.
One participant stated: ―Dahil sa Wattpad, may natututunan din

akong mga bagong salita. May mga English words na hindi ko naman talaga
alam, na di-ni-dictionary ko. Ngayon ko nga lang nalaman. Diyan ko nga
lang din nalaman ‗yung ‗stroll‘, ‗yung mga, ‗drools‘, ‗yung ‗grin‘, ‗yung mga
laging ginagamit ng author. (Because of Wattpad, I‘ve got to learn new
words. Whenever I encounter unfamiliar English words, I search them in the
dictionary. Actually, it‘s on Wattpad that I‘ve got to know the meaning of
some words such as ‗stroll‘, ‗drools‘, and ‗grin‘. These are the words that are
often used by Wattpad authors.)‖

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The continuous engagement of the participants on Wattpad leads

them to become addicted to it. They revealed that they devote most of their
time reading on Wattpad, to the point that they skip meals, forget to take a
bath, disobey their parents, and do not bother reviewing for their exams and
finishing household chores.
In conclusion, the researchers can say that Wattpad has become

part of the participant-readers‘ lives. Wattpad appears to be playing a big role
not just as a medium for reading but also as a medium that gratifies the
participants‘ emotional and cognitive needs and wants. Despite Wattpad
being an online library of millions of fiction stories, the things that it imparts
on the readers prove to be significant and can be applied in reality.
Researchers from the Brigham Young University reported that

reading aggression in literature can influence subsequent aggressive
behavior, which tends to be specific to the type of aggression containted in
the story. The study does not show that reading a fictional account of an
aggressive action increases belligerent behavior, but it suggests exposure to
such literature has a psychological impact on readers, affecting the way they
respond to provocations (as cited in Jacobs, 2011).
Some participants encountered such kind of experience: ―Minsan,

naiiyamot ka. ‗Pag nabasa mo ‗yung kwento ta‘s minsan sa mga kaklase ko
naibubunton ‗yung galit ko. (Sometimes, when I got annoyed by a Wattpad
story, I tend to release my emotions, the anger I‘m feeling to my
classmates.)‖

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusions
In conclusion, the researchers found out that Wattpad has become

part of the participant-readers‘ lives. Wattpad appears to be playing a big role
not just as a medium for reading but also as a medium that gratifies the
participants‘ emotional and cognitive needs and wants. Despite Wattpad
being an online library of millions of fiction stories, the things that it imparts
on the readers prove to be significant and can be applied in reality.
Recommendations
The following recommendations are offered for the improvement of

this study:
1. To conduct a follow up study using a quantitative approach that will

survey Wattpad readers on the effects of Wattpad in their lives.
2. To make a qualitative approach that will focus on Wattpad writers

since this study focuses on Wattpad readers.
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LPU Laguna Journal of Arts and Sciences

Communication Research Vol. 2 No.1 September 2015

Dawn Julie Ann J. Contreras, Honey Grace N. Gonzaga,

Keywords: communication, wattpad, wattyfever, constructs, role, readers.

Research and Statistics Center LPU Laguna

Furthermore, Biagi (2005) added that technology greatly influences

According to Rodman (2010), the term e-book refers to ―books that

On the other hand, the hand-held tangible devices used to read e-

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In an article entitled ―Digital Books Down, But Not Out‖ by Fanklin

On a survey about the top ten things students do on their tablets

Wattpad manages to continuously attract and get readers, having

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In an article entitled ―Story behind Wattpad, Online Story Hub‖,

Because of the demand and success of Wattpad, readers,

On another note, in a research entitled ―#BalitangNetizen: Constructs

The researchers tackled the same qualitative study, only having

Research and Statistics Center LPU Laguna

Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study aimed to determine the contructs of Wattpad

Specifically, it aimed to:

1. identify what triggered the participants to engage in reading on

Formulated Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. The Wattpad engagement process

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the things that caused the participants to establish a relationship with

The said triggering factors led to the use of the technology –

The researchers used the qualitative research design to determine

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inductively building from particulars to general themes, and the researcher

Specifically, the grounded theory approach was applied. This

The participants of the study were 14 Wattpad readers who are

The researchers used purposive sampling. According to Oliver

Also, the researchers used the snowball technique in this study. In

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Using purposive sampling, the researchers selected Wattpad

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to gather a complete picture of the information obtained during the data

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Three major themes of experiences emerged in the study. The first

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Particpants were also as to what makes them continue reading on

For some participants, Wattpad has become an instrument that

One of the particpants cited: ―Masaya, tapos kapag nung unang

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siya, ‗yung parang nagtagal na, na parang nakakakilig na, nakakatuwa,

Aside from the emotional fulfillment, it was also discovered that

Stansberry (2009) noted that reading increases and improves one‘s

In this study, Wattpad has introduced unfamiliar words that were

One participant stated: ―Dahil sa Wattpad, may natututunan din

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The continuous engagement of the participants on Wattpad leads

In conclusion, the researchers can say that Wattpad has become

Researchers from the Brigham Young University reported that

Some participants encountered such kind of experience: ―Minsan,

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In conclusion, the researchers found out that Wattpad has become

The following recommendations are offered for the improvement of