St. Vincent College of Cabuyao: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

ST.
VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO

MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA 1
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
INTERVENTION PROGRAM OF PNP IN INFORMAL SETTLERS IN
BARANGAY CAINGIN, STA. ROSA CITY, LAGUNA
A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Criminology St. Vincent College of Cabuyao
Mamatid, Cabuyao City, Laguna
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Amoguis, Bryan Christopher L.
Bangngay, Michael Jackson B.

ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
Chapter I
PROBLEMS AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Due to self-perpetuating growth of cities, urban population is increasing by 50
million per year in the developing world alone. Inability of authorities to respond
adequately and greater autonomy or dweller control in the production of housing, in
almost all developing countries, has resulted in informal settlements with poor physical
infrastructure, which is an integral part of any sustainable human settlement. These
diverse settlements share some attributes for instance, environments are conceived and
constructed by the occupants themselves independently, without any professional
advice; second occupation and construction frequently take place simultaneously; and
these informal settlements are usually taking place in suburban and urban surroundings.
Along with reporting on the research which attempted to provide a partial
remedy to this situation, this paper indicates possible interventions to upgrade these
informal settlements. It requires progressive improvement of infrastructure, new type of
settlement master plans, strong commitment and involvement of the communities to be
served in the planning, decision-making, implementation and management processes.
Different types of interventions can be applied to transform an illegal and substandard
environment into an acceptable and liveable place. International support and

collaboration undoubtedly play a significant role in mainstreaming these low-income
settlements in the developing world through technical and capital intensive
interventions. Informal settlements constitute extremely complex environments, and for
an intervention to be successful, it has to be able to deal with this complexity and
should be based upon good precedent and strong theoretical foundations. (Procedia –
Social and Behavioral Science, 2012)
In accordance with the contract between GHK Consulting Ltd, United Kingdom
(the Consultants) and the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
(HUDCC) covering the provision of consulting services on the “Developing a National
Informal Settlements UpgradingStrategy (NISUS) for the Philippines Project” (or the
Project), this strategic plan, also known as the NISUS, was prepared with the funding
and technical support of the Cities Alliance and the World Bank. The proliferation of
informal settlements in the Philippines has become a phenomenon associated with rapid
urbanization. With rapid urbanization came unprecedented surges in the demand for
housing and basic services in many cities, particularly the key drivers of the economy.
Many local governments, while trying, have been unable to meet the increased demand
given the accelerated pace warranted. The majority of informal settler families (ISFs)
live in chronic urban poverty, confronted by physical, economic, social, legal and
environmental risks on a day-to-day basis. They have limited or no access to security of
tenure, capital, social networks, environmental safety and legal security.
This situation is exacerbated by the Philippines’ being singled out as one of the
most disaster prone in the world, ranking among the top 10 countries most likely to be
affected by climate change due to its geographic location. Its metropolitan centers
particularly Metro Manila with its dense and rapidly growing population is increasingly
vulnerable the threats of natural disasters. To facilitate the achievement of a multi-
sectoral and multi-stakeholders consensus on how NISUS can effectively and efficiently
address the challenges posed by ISFs, thematic, sectoral, and regional consultations
were conducted in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao from August 2013 to June 2014.
Safe and adequate housing is a basic human right. Like all human rights,
however, housing security for the majority of our people has been difficult to achieve.
While a sweeping history of urban development in the Philippines has yet to be written,
other observers have pointed to the aftermath of World War II as a key period in the
precipitous worsening of the housing problem in urban areas. Informal settlers—known
for many years simply as “squatters”—mushroomed in Manila and many other major
cities in search of jobs. By 1946, in the wake of the city’s virtual destruction during the
Liberation, Manila and its suburbs were estimated to have around 46,000 squatters, a
number which rose to 98,000 in 1956 and to 283,000 by 1963. During the Marcos years,
those numbers skyrocketed even further.
A 1984 United States Agency for International Development study of Metro
Manila from 1970-1980 estimated the number of squatters to be 1.6 million in 1981. By
2010, at the start of the Aquino administration, that number had become 2.8 million
(556,526 families). (https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2016/04/24/1576417/housing-
informal-settlers-coming-years#TgE)
The Philippine National Police is one of the agencies that help our community to
lead our country to a more peaceful and clean environment. One of the programs that
they are instituting is to prevent informal settlers to occupy places in areas that are
officially owned and managed by the government. Creating interventions to lessen the
increasing numbers of the informal settlers are their concerns. As a result of these
interventions, PNP are mobilizing those who are coming from provinces that moving to
NCR to have their lives more close to livelihood, occupations, and the likes. By doing
so, the informal settlers are trying to evade some of the locations that are not yet been
developed by the government namely, railroad sides, vacant areas that being
demolished previously and others. ( PNP General Safety and Services Information)
The City Police Department of Sta. Rosa Laguna is continuously creating plans
and improving their previous interventions, monitoring it and evaluating it so that it will
be resulted to a successful campaign towards elimination of informal settlers in their
community. Some of the area that are dominantly evaded by these informal settlers are
being cleaned-up and secured by the PNP personnel for the former not come back again
and to have settlement of those said places. (PNP Sta. City, Laguna Report 2015)
The researchers conduct this study because they really wanted to know what are
the intervention programs by the Philippine National Police Sta. Rosa City, Laguna is
implementing and developing. Furthermore, the researchers are open-minded to learn
about the effect of these intervention programs to the community as well as to the PNP
department as a whole.
Background of the Study
The purpose of this study is to determine the intervention programs of PNP in
informal settlers in Sta. Rosa City, Laguna. Moreover, if these intervention programs
are very effective and continuously implemented by the PNP for creating a peaceful and
orderly community in the city.
This research intends to establish the concept of a healthy environment for the
future “the fourth and fifth generation of slum dwellers''. It integrates the concept of
sustainability, as an angle to solve the issues of deteriorated physical and non-physical
form of slum condition areas. It does not mean to analyse the regulations or the
organization of land tuner. This research aims to tackle the principle of sustainability as
a way to obtain quality and efficiency in Informal Settlements for both life and physical
form, by achieving the next objectives:
a. Introducing the problem of Informal Settlements.
b. Categorizing the different typologies of informal areas in Sta. Rosa City,
Laguna.
c. Defining the economic, social and environmental challenges that face
interventions and policies that took place in Informal Settlements.
d. Demonstrating how far could Informal Settlements become eco-friendly, self-
sufficient and how can they contribute in lessening the burden on local governments.
Conceptual Framework
The theoretical framework of the study is predicted in the following paradigm.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEFENDANT VARIABLES
Statement of the problem:
1.Demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Civil status
1.4 Educational attainment, and
1.5 Monthly income.
2. Level of awareness in
intervention program of PNP in
informal settlers. INTERVENTION
PROGRAM OF PNP IN
3. Level of implementation in INFORMAL SETTLERS IN
intervention program of PNP in BARANGAY CAINGIN, STA.
informal settlers. ROSA CITY, LAGUNA
4.Problems encountered in
intervention program of PNP in
informal settlers
5. Relationships between level of

awareness and implementation.
Figure 1: Conceptual Paradigm

Statement of the problem
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Civil status;
1.4 Educational attainment; and
1.5 Monthly income?
2. What is the assessment of group of respondent in the level of awareness in the
intervention program of PNP in informal settlers in Barangay Caingin, Sta. Rosa City,
Laguna?
3. What is the assessment of the group of respondents in the level of implementation on
the intervention program of PNP in informal settlers in Barangay Caingin, Sta. Rosa
City, Laguna?
4. What are the problems encountered in implementation on the intervention programs
of PNP in informal settlers in Barangay Caingin, Sta. Rosa City, Laguna?
5. What is the significant relationship between extent of the implementation and the
level of satisfaction of the respondents on the intervention programs of PNP in informal
settlers in Barangay Caingin, Sta. Rosa, City Laguna?

Significance of the study
This research study will give information about the intervention programs of PNP in
informal settlers in Barangay Caingin, Sta. Rosa City, Laguna. The researchers
anticipate that this study benefits the:
Residents of Barangay Caingin Sta. Rosa City, Laguna. This will inform the
residents what are the intervention programs of PNP in informal settlers in their
Barangay.
PNP Personnel. This will create an idea for them to develop more the concept of
intervention programs in informal settlers in Barangay Caingin Sta. Rosa City, Laguna
but also in other places.
Public. This will be an information caravan to all that PNP is having intervention
programs as one of the vital functions of them.
Future Researchers. This study can serve as their guide, especially to those future
researchers who are interested to commence the same study about intervention
programs of PNP in informal settlers.
Scope and delimitation
This study will only focus on the information and components of the
intervention programs of PNP in informal settlers in Barangay Caingin, Sta. Rosa City,
Laguna. The scope will be only limited to the parameters of the study and it will not go
beyond the expectations of the interpretation of the study.

Definition of Terms
a) "Affordable cost" refers to the most reasonable price of land and shelter based on the
needs and financial capability of Program beneficiaries and appropriate financing
schemes;
(b) "Areas for priority development" refers to those areas declared as such under
existing statutes and pertinent executive issuances;
(c) "Blighted lands" refers to the areas where the structures are dilapidated, obsolete and
unsanitary, tending to depreciate the value of the land and prevent normal development
and use of the area;
(d) "Consultation" refers to the constitutionally mandated process whereby the public,
on their own or through people's organizations, is provided an opportunity to be heard
and to participate in the decision-making process on matters involving the protection
and promotion of its legitimate collective interest, which shall include appropriate
documentation and feedback mechanisms;
(e) "Idle lands" refers to non-agricultural lands urban and urbanized areas on which no
improvements, as herein defined, have been made by the owner, as certified by the city,
municipal or provincial assessor;
(f) "Improvements" refers to all types of buildings and residential units, walls, fences,
structures or constructions of all kinds of a fixed character or which are adhered to the
soil but shall not include trees, plants and growing fruits, and other fixtures that are
mere superimpositions on the land, and the value of improvements shall not be less than
fifty percent (50%) of the assessed value of the property;

(g) "Joint venture" refers to the commitment or agreement by two (2) or more persons to
carry out a specific or single business enterprise for their mutual benefit, for which
purpose they combine their funds, land resources, facilities and services;
(h) "Land assembly or consolidation" refers to the acquisition of lots of varying
ownership through purchase or expropriation of the purpose of planned and rational
development and socialized housing programs without individual property boundary
restrictions;
(i) "Land banking" refers to the acquisition of land at values based on existing use in
advance of actual need to promote planned development and socialized housing
programs;
(j) "Land swapping" refers to the process of land acquisition by exchanging land for
another piece of land of equal value, or for shares of stock in a government or quasi-
government corporation whose book value is of equal value to the land being
exchanged, for the purpose of planned and rational development and provision for
socialized housing where land values are determined based on land classification,
market value and assessed value taken from existing tax declarations: Provided, That
more valuable lands owned by private persons may be exchanged with less valuable
lands to carry out the objectives of this Act;
(k) "Land use plan" refers to the rational approach of allocating available resources as
equitably as possible among competing user groups and for different functions
consistent with the development plan of the area and the Program under this Act;
(l) "On-site development" refers to the process of upgrading and rehabilitation of
blighted slum urban areas with a view of minimizing displacement of dwellers in said
areas, and with provisions for basic services as provided for in Section 21 hereof;
(m) "Professional squatters" refers to individuals or groups who occupy lands without
the express consent of the landowner and who have sufficient income for legitimate
housing. The term shall also apply to persons who have previously been awarded
homelots or housing units by the Government but who sold, leased or transferred the
same to settle illegally in the same place or in another urban area, and non-bona fide
occupants and intruders of lands reserved for socialized housing. The term shall not
apply to individuals or groups who simply rent land and housing from professional
squatters or squatting syndicates;
(n) "Resettlement areas" refers to areas identified by the appropriate national agency or
by the local government unit with respect to areas within its jurisdiction, which shall be
used for the relocation of the underprivileged and homeless citizens;
(o) "Security of tenure" refers to the degree of protection afforded to qualified Program
beneficiaries against infringement or unjust, reasonable and arbitrary eviction or
disposition, by virtue of the right of ownership, lease agreement, usufruct and other
contractual arrangements;
(p) "Slum Improvement and Resettlement Program or SIR" refers to the program of the
National Housing Authority of upgrading and improving blighted squatter areas outside
of Metro Manila pursuant to existing statutes and pertinent executive issuances;

(q) "Small property owners" refers to those whose only real property consists of
residential lands not exceeding three hundred square meters (300 sq.m.) in highly
urbanized cities and eight hundred square meters (800 sq.m.) in other urban areas;
(r) "Socialized housing" refers to housing programs and projects covering houses and
lots or homelots only undertaken by the Government or the private sector for the
underprivileged and homeless citizens which shall include sites and services
development, long-term financing, liberalized terms on interest payments, and such
other benefits in accordance with the provisions of this Act;
(s) "Squatting syndicates" refers to groups of persons engaged in the business of
squatter housing for profit or gain;
(t) "Underprivileged and homeless citizens" refers to the beneficiaries of this Act and to
individuals or families residing in urban and urbanizable areas whose income or
combined household income falls within the poverty threshold as defined by the
National Economic and Development Authority and who do not own housing facilities.
This shall include those who live in makeshift dwelling units and do not enjoy security
of tenure;
(u) "Unregistered or abandoned lands" refers to lands in urban and urbanizable areas
which are not registered with the Register of Deeds, or with the city or municipal
assessor's office concerned, or which are uninhabited by the owner and have not been
developed or devoted for any useful purpose, or appears unutilized for a period of three
(3) consecutive years immediately prior to the issuance and receipt of publication of
notice of acquisition by the Government as provided under this Act. It does not include
land which has been abandoned by reason of force majeure or any other fortuitous
event: Provided, That prior to such event, such land was previously used for some
useful or economic purpose;
(v) "Urban areas" refers to all cities regardless of their population density and to
municipalities with a population density of at least five hundred (500) persons per
square kilometers;
(w) "Urbanizable areas" refers to sites and lands which, considering present
characteristics and prevailing conditions, display marked and great potential of
becoming urban areas within the period of five (5) years; and
(x) "Zonal Improvement Program or ZIP" refers to the program of the National Housing
Authority of upgrading and improving blighted squatters areas within the cities and
municipalities of Metro Manila pursuant to existing statutes and pertinent executive
issuances.
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The review related literature and studies takes into account of related
reading materials from books and websites in which the proponents of the study deemed
helpful in attaining an in-depth discussion of the research problem.

Foreign Literature
Informal Settlement of Africa and Latin America
Literature on health in the informal settlements (and “slums”) that now house a
substantial proportion of the urban population in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Although this highlights some important gaps in research, available studies do suggest
that urban health inequalities usually begin at birth, are reproduced over a lifetime
(often reinforced by undernutrition), and may be recreated through vulnerabilities to
climate change and a “double burden” of communicable and non-communicable
diseases. The review begins with a discussion of papers with a life-course perspective
on health, poverty and housing, before considering recent literature on chronic poverty
and ill-health over time. It then discusses the literature on the cost, quality and access to
care among low-income groups, and the under-recognized threat of unintentional
injuries. This includes recent literature that discusses where low-income residents may
suffer an “urban penalty” rather than benefiting from urban bias — although there are
also studies that show the effectiveness of accessible, pro-poor health care. The
concluding section examines emerging risks such as non-communicable diseases and
those associated with climate change. It notes how more gender- and age-sensitive
strategies can help address the large inequalities in health between those in informal
settlements and other urban residents. With greater attention to the multi-faceted needs
of low-income communities, governments can create interventions to ensure that urban

centres fulfill their enormous potential for health.(Adedimeji, A.A. , F.O. Omololu and
O. Odutolu ( 2012)
Research Proposal Informal settlements: A case study on the informal settlements
of Kabul City, Afghanistan
Informal or squatter settlements or as referred to slums during the 18th century are still
existed in a large number in our society and they are created by low income or poor
people or a result of having an adequate planning systems. The origin can be traced
back to the “Victorian Slums” in England during mid of 18th century where the word of
slum appeared for the first time in the reports (UN HABITAT, 2007). Today this is a
major issue in many developing countries, such as Afghanistan, Turkey, Pakistan, India,
Latin America and many more. Numerous governments and humanitarian aid
organizations such as United Nations, World Bank, UN-HABITAT and USAID have
gathered up to fight this problem and how they can find suitable solutions for them.
Afghanistan as a developing country which recently has been retrieved from a long war
and it is one of those countries that its urbanization is affected widely by the informal
living conditions. The main aim of this paper is to find the key factors for the creation
of these informal settlements in the Kabul city, the capital of Afghanistan. However
these settlements in most cases are not slums which are described by the Oxford
dictionary “a squalid and overcrowded urban street or district inhabited by very poor
people”. I would argue that there are people in these areas, who are counted as the top
income bracket people in the society, therefore in Kabul these places are a mixture of
both rich and poor people, and often they are called informal settlements. The study will
gather qualitative data from the participants such as local residents, academic and
government officials and quantitative data from the current planning system policies
and secondary source information from organization involved in the urban planning
process. (Brewerton P. and Willmard M, 2012)
Minimum Housing Group
Several factors restrain the definition of housing sub-markets in developing countries.
First, the rapid urban growth rate combined with political instability that originate
continuously changing scenarios. Second, the informal nature of most housing
processes that impedes the availability of consistent data. Third, and most important, the
social, economic, cultural, and geographical contexts inherent to each urban center that
result in completely different market configurations.
Orthodox market theory states that the range of options available in the housing market
(or supply) enable consumers (or demand) to exercise, at least in theory, their
'residential choice.' When the 'consumers' are the poorest groups, these choices are
usually limited to the informal portion of the market. In this context, it is a frequent over
simplification to reduce the market to the two-fold division, formal-informal,
considering the informal sector as a 'temporary dysfunction caused by rapid growth and
imbalances in the distribution of resources and income'(Gilbert and Ward 2015, 81).
Rakodi criticizes such dualistic analysis stating that "it conceals the segmented nature of
the housing supply" (Rakodi 2014, 44).
Literature segments housing markets according to different indicators. Lim (2011, 179)
considers legal aspects such as: 'legality of land occupancy, legality of the physical
characteristics, and type of occupancy.' Stryuk (1990, 49), analyzing the Indonesian
market, considers form of production, quality, form of tenure, and security of
occupancy. Some other frequent lines of characterization include: location, size, cost,
site, quality of services, and so forth (Environment and Urbanization 2011, 2).
According to Van Lierop (2013, 122), the term housing market designates 'a conceptual
framework within which occur a variety of interrelated and mutually influenced
processes.' Each of these processes, or sub-markets, has its own operating procedures,
its own standards, and its own costs. In informal settings, most sub-markets coexist side
by side in spatial entities such as neighborhoods, blocks or even individual dwellings,
and quite often they overlap each other. But sub-markets are not necessarily
geographically contiguous entities, on the contrary, most times they extend their limits
over neighborhoods in different locations. Thus, any successful modeling of housing
sub-markets has to consider necessarily the maze of interrelated sub-markets, and the
broader social-economic context in which they operate (Rothenberg 2011, 65; World
Bank 2013, 20).

Urban Upgrading in context of Violence
Spaces of informality, such as favelas, barriadas and tugurios are seen by media,
municipalities and security institutions as dangerous places. Today municipalities and
international agencies use new forms of urban upgrading as tools to address both the
traditional structural problems of poverty and also as tools for violence prevention.
While a causation between informal spaces and insecurity clearly does not exist, there is
an interest in understanding the influence of physical interventions in neighborhood
security behavior. This research tests ways in which urban projects alter perceptions of
security among favela dwellers over time, in the Rio de Janeiro “Favela-Bairro” urban
upgrading project. Finds that while security conditions are marginally affected, location
close to main roads part of the urban upgrading project affect residents’ security
perceptions positively. However, individuals in less accessible areas of the favela
present less openness to address security questions. It argues that individual proximity
to upgraded main roads experience shelter from the effects of retaliation from perverse
actors than those that have their accessibility impeded. Other projects such as public
spaces or buildings show no significative changes in security perceptions. (Samper, J.
(2016). Urban upgrading in a context of violence: Perceptions of security and physical
space in the case of the Favela-Bairro in Rio de Janeiro. International Relations and
Diplomacy, 4(12), 760-778.)
Local Literature
The rise and rise of Manila’s informal settlers

The government is always claiming that the number of poor is decreasing but it cannot
deny the phenomenal growth of informal settlers across the country, especially in Metro
Manila, in the past decade. According to a study cited by the government-funded
Philippine Institute for Development Studies, about 5 percent of Metro Manila residents
were living in informal settlements in 2011. The figure went up to more than 10 percent
in 2010. Two years later, the Department of Interior and Local Government submitted a
report to Malacanang placing the number of informal settlers at 2.7 million or about 25
percent of Metro Manila’s population.
What did these figures prove? First, they highlighted the utter failure of the
government’s Balik Probinsiya, social housing, and relocation programs. Second,
poverty cannot be adequately measured by family income and household consumption.
And third, wealth disparity has worsened between the rural and urban regions, and
among the social classes.
It is convenient to blame runaway population growth for the rapid rise in the number of
the poor; and in fact, this argument is consistently used to justify population control
measures. But this reasoning puts the blame entirely on the poor without addressing the
historic inequities and structural defects in society. It must be emphasized that
babymaking is not a supreme evil that must be exorcised.
Perhaps a better way to explain the poverty situation in Metro Manila as a starting point
is to link it with other social catastrophes such as super typhoon Yolanda and the
devastation these caused in the provinces. Weather disturbances and environment

disasters are undeniably great factors that contribute to the cycle of inter-generational
poverty in the country.
Days after Yolanda wrought havoc in the Visayas, thousands of desperate and
traumatized residents fled the region and escaped to Manila. The exodus is poignant
since it reflected the historic migration of our people from the countryside to Imperial
Manila. We were instantly reminded that rural villagers who chose to settle in Manila
(and they compose majority of informal settlers) were probably no different from
Yolanda victims who were forced to leave their homes because of unexpected dire
circumstances.
Yolanda displaced thousands of Warays and many of them sought refuge in Manila. It
is safe to assume that deadly typhoons in recent years such as Pablo, Sendong, Pepeng,
Reming, and Frank also forced many farmers and fisherfolk in the typhoon-ravaged
provinces to find shelter in Manila.
But extreme weather events are just one of the reasons why informal settlers have
grown considerably in the past decade. It cannot explain why the ‘transient poor’ within
Metro Manila have become ‘chronic poor’ in a just a few years.
Manila is not an urban paradise or even a livable habitat by international standards; but
economic opportunities are unfairly concentrated here. Right or wrong, it is perceived
as a better place to live than in the provinces plagued by hunger, malnutrition,
militarization, and feudal exploitation. Case in point is boxing champion Manny
Paquiao who left Sarangani as a young stowaway in search of a better life in Manila
despite the pristine waters, fertile fields, and mineral-rich mountains of his hometown.
The rise of informal settlers in the past decade actually coincided with the
mainstreaming of neoliberal policies in various aspects of governance and in the
handling of the local economy. The number of homeless and jobless poor swelled in the
era of contractualization and unlamented decline of the manufacturing sector. There is a
direct link between factory shutdowns and increased pauperization in the former semi-
industrial enclaves and working-class districts in various parts of Metro Manila.
Then, the cost of living dramatically surged after the government turned over the
operations of public utilities to big business. Higher prices, regressive taxes, and
depressed wages became the new norm in a supposedly democratizing and modernizing
middle-income society.
Privatization became a methodical blueprint to weaken unions while facilitating the
systematic cash transfer from ordinary consumers to the very few mega corporations
which control the economy. Development is insanely equated with the billions hoarded
by the elite at the expense of the toiling poor.
Meanwhile, land conversions and dubious land reform deals forced many farmers and
their families to eke out a living in the city. After years or even decades of subsistence
living, many small farmers finally lost their livelihood when cheap and smuggled
agricultural products flooded the local market while they receive negligible assistance
from the government.
But Metro Manila’s embarrassing poverty is partly hidden by the frenzied construction
of residential condominiums, call center hubs, and malls. They are false icons of
progress but quite effective in masking the burgeoning poverty in the metropolis.
Unfortunately, informal settlers are not seen as victims of the mad rush to achieve high
GDP but recidivist violators of property rights. They are castigated for blocking the
growth process by refusing to leave their homes, which have been suddenly rezoned as
prime commercial centers.
Today, the poor are given two options: return to the province or relocate to a remote
housing area. They are told to self-demolish (actually, there’s no such thing as self-
demolition. It is demolition). But they always have the choice to refuse the lesser evil.
Indeed, their labor is belittled and their intellectual capacity is ignored in mainstream
society; but they can use their collective strength to strike fear in the hearts and minds
of their oppressors. They can fight the inhumanity of poverty caused by decades of
exploitation and uneven distribution of wealth in society. They can organize their ranks
and resist development aggression projects. They can challenge the violent
machinations of the state. They can smash the structures of elitist power. In other
words, they have every right to avail of the ultimate alternative: Revolution.
Evicting Metro Manila’s informal settlers is defended by bureaucrats and technocrats as
a necessity so that we can proceed with our nation-building and wealth creation
activities. But informal settlers are not the problem. They are actually part of the
solution to the long-pestering crisis afflicting our sad republic. (QUESTION
EVERYTHING Mong Palatino, 2017)
The Cost of Misguided Urbanization: The Case of Informal Settlements in Butuan
City, Philippines
The informal settlements in Butuan City, Philippines pose the intractable problem of
housing and providing services for the urban poor. They exact tremendous costs to
government infrastructure projects and the city as a whole. In this study, these costs are
accounted for, particularly the costs the government will incur to compensate them for
being displaced in the implementation of public infrastructure project. Primary data
were collected through inventory of losses (IOL), socio-economic survey (SES) and the
replacement cost surveys. Secondary data were obtained through key informant
interviews with different stakeholders. The paper quantifies the costs of compensating
them thru replacement of their affected resources and providing resettlement. It also
establishes different types of compensation to secure just terms for all parties. It
presents a rich picture of how the informal settlers affect urban environment and the
monetary and operational challenges they pose to the government and the society at
large. (Cathereen Rowena Chico Alder, 2015)

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ST.

VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO

INTERVENTION PROGRAM OF PNP IN INFORMAL SETTLERS IN

BARANGAY CAINGIN, STA. ROSA CITY, LAGUNA

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Criminology St. Vincent College of Cabuyao

Mamatid, Cabuyao City, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Amoguis, Bryan Christopher L.

Bangngay, Michael Jackson B.

PROBLEMS AND ITS BACKGROUND

Due to self-perpetuating growth of cities, urban population is increasing by 50

adequately and greater autonomy or dweller control in the production of housing, in

infrastructure, which is an integral part of any sustainable human settlement. These

constructed by the occupants themselves independently, without any professional

Along with reporting on the research which attempted to provide a partial

informal settlements. It requires progressive improvement of infrastructure, new type of

settlement master plans, strong commitment and involvement of the communities to be

served in the planning, decision-making, implementation and management processes.

Different types of interventions can be applied to transform an illegal and substandard

environment into an acceptable and liveable place. International support and

collaboration undoubtedly play a significant role in mainstreaming these low-income

settlements in the developing world through technical and capital intensive

interventions. Informal settlements constitute extremely complex environments, and for

an intervention to be successful, it has to be able to deal with this complexity and

Social and Behavioral Science, 2012)

(HUDCC) covering the provision of consulting services on the “Developing a National

environmental risks on a day-to-day basis. They have limited or no access to security of

tenure, capital, social networks, environmental safety and legal security.

vulnerable the threats of natural disasters. To facilitate the achievement of a multi-

precipitous worsening of the housing problem in urban areas. Informal settlers—known

those numbers skyrocketed even further.

A 1984 United States Agency for International Development study of Metro

(556,526 families). (https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2016/04/24/1576417/housing-

be resulted to a successful campaign towards elimination of informal settlers in their

implementing and developing. Furthermore, the researchers are open-minded to learn

Background of the Study

The purpose of this study is to determine the intervention programs of PNP in

orderly community in the city.

sustainability, as an angle to solve the issues of deteriorated physical and non-physical

form, by achieving the next objectives:

a. Introducing the problem of Informal Settlements.

b. Categorizing the different typologies of informal areas in Sta. Rosa City,

c. Defining the economic, social and environmental challenges that face

interventions and policies that took place in Informal Settlements.

d. Demonstrating how far could Informal Settlements become eco-friendly, self-

The theoretical framework of the study is predicted in the following paradigm.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEFENDANT VARIABLES

Statement of the problem:

1.Demographic profile of the

5. Relationships between level of

Figure 1: Conceptual Paradigm

Statement of the problem

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of:

1.3 Civil status;

1.4 Educational attainment; and

1.5 Monthly income?

2. What is the assessment of group of respondent in the level of awareness in the