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    Nsc1115-Laboratory Practical One

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    Pasheko Justin Zwao
    This laboratory practical involves testing food samples for the presence of biological molecules like starch, proteins, and fats using iodine, biuret, and ethanol emulsion tests. Starch produces a blue-black color with iodine. Proteins form a purple color when reacted with biuret reagent in alkaline conditions. Fats and oils are extracted into an emulsion when a sample is treated with ethanol and water. The results of testing samples A through D are to be recorded and a full laboratory report is to be written.

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    Nsc1115-Laboratory Practical One

    Uploaded by

    Pasheko Justin Zwao
    34 views2 pages
    This laboratory practical involves testing food samples for the presence of biological molecules like starch, proteins, and fats using iodine, biuret, and ethanol emulsion tests. Starch produces a blue-black color with iodine. Proteins form a purple color when reacted with biuret reagent in alkaline conditions. Fats and oils are extracted into an emulsion when a sample is treated with ethanol and water. The results of testing samples A through D are to be recorded and a full laboratory report is to be written.

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    This laboratory practical involves testing food samples for the presence of biological molecules like starch, proteins, and fats using iodine, biuret, and ethanol emulsion tests. Starch produces a blue-black color with iodine. Proteins form a purple color when reacted with biuret reagent in alkaline conditions. Fats and oils are extracted into an emulsion when a sample is treated with ethanol and water. The results of testing samples A through D are to be recorded and a full laboratory report is to be written.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views2 pages

    Nsc1115-Laboratory Practical One

    Uploaded by

    Pasheko Justin Zwao
    This laboratory practical involves testing food samples for the presence of biological molecules like starch, proteins, and fats using iodine, biuret, and ethanol emulsion tests. Starch produces a blue-black color with iodine. Proteins form a purple color when reacted with biuret reagent in alkaline conditions. Fats and oils are extracted into an emulsion when a sample is treated with ethanol and water. The results of testing samples A through D are to be recorded and a full laboratory report is to be written.

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    NSC1115- LABORATORY PRACTICAL ONE

    Tests for Biological Molecules (Part One)

    In this laboratory practical, food samples will be tested for biological molecules present. The
    tests will include Iodine test for Starch, Ethanol Emulsion test for Fats and oils and
    Biuret Test for proteins.

    Starch is a polysaccharide that consists of glucose molecules joined together by glycosidic


    bonds. Linear molecules of starch are called amylose and the branches molecules are called
    amylopectin.

    The iodine test for starch is used to determine the presence of starch in biological materials.
    Iodine on its own is insoluble in water. Therefore, Potassium tri-iodide solution, Iodine
    dissolved in potassium iodide solution, is used as a reagent in the test. The potassium iodide
    dissociates and the iodide ion reacts reversibly with the iodine to yield the tri-iodide ion. A
    further reaction between a tri-iodide ion and an iodine molecule yields the penta-iodide ion.
    The tri-iodide and penta-iodide ions slip inside the amylose (a form of starch) forming a
    starch-iodide complex which appears as an intense purple or blue-black colour.

    The ethanol emulsion test for fats and oils exploits the solubility of lipids in ethanol. Lipids
    are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. Ethanol is one such organic substance
    that can dissolve lipids. However, ethanol is also soluble in water due to the presence of the
    hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups which participates in hydrogen bonding with water. Thus,
    ethanol can extract lipids from crushed solid samples and form a solution. When water is
    added, lipids are spontaneously removed from solution and dispersed as micelles (small
    droplets) throughout the solution of ethanol and water. A layer is formed at the top as lipids
    are less dense than water, giving a cloudy white appearance.

    Biuret test is a general test for compounds (proteins and peptides) having two or more peptide
    (CO-NH) bonds. When biuret is treated with dilute copper sulfate in alkaline medium, a
    purple colored compound is formed. It is believed that the color is due to the formation of a
    copper co-ordinated complex or chelate complex. Cupric ions or Cu (II) ions form a violet-
    colored chelate complex with unshared electron pairs of peptide nitrogen and oxygen of
    water. The chelate complex absorbs light at 540 nm and hence appears violet. The color
    change from blue to violet indicates the presence of proteins.

    The greater the number of peptide bonds in a protein, the greater the color intensity. Hence,
    the color change is from blue to pink if the concentration of peptide bonds is low like
    in short-chain peptides. The principle of biuret test is conveniently used to detect the
    presence of proteins in biological fluids.

    Materials

    Samples A, B, C and D Beakers

    Droppers Test tubes

    Reagents: Iodine, Biuret, Ethanol White tile


    Procedure

    Iodine Test for Starch

    - Put 2cm3 of sample solution into a test tube and add 2 to 3 drops of iodine
    - Observe colour changes

    Biuret Test for Proteins

    - Put 2cm3 of sample solution in a test tube and add 2cm3 of Biuret reagent.
    - Shake well and leave to stand for about a minute.
    - Observe any colour changes

    Ethanol Emulsion test for Fats and oils

    - Put 2cm3 of sample solution in a test tube and add 2cm3 ethanol and shake thoroughly
    - Add 2cm3 of distilled water
    - Make observations

    Results

    Copy and complete the table below:

    Biuret Test for Proteins Iodine Test for Starch


    Ethanol Emulsion Test for
    fats and oils
    Observations Conclusion Observations Conclusion Observations Conclusion

    Sample

    Sample

    Sample

    Sample

    Write a full laboratory report using the attached guidelines.

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