www.globaljournal.

asia
GJESR REVIEW PAPER VOL. 1 [ISSUE 11] DECEMBER, 2014 ISSN:- 2349–283X

FUTURE AND SCOPE OF WIND ENERGY IN INDIA

1Anand
Rao 2Dr. ShriRam
Post Graduate Student Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,
Madan Mohan Malviya University of Madan Mohan Malviya University of
Technology, Gorakhpur, India Technology, Gorakhpur, India
Email: anandrao290@gmail.com Email: src_gkp@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: In the present paper we have studied the present scenario of power sector of India and need
for application of renewable sources for future shortage in power demands. Wind turbines do not need
any type of fuel, so there are no environmental risks or degradation from the exploration, extraction,
transport, shipment, processing or disposal of fuel. of all the renewables, wind energy dominates as an
immediate viable, cost effective option which promotes energy conservation and avoids equivalent
utilization of fossil fuels and avoid million ton of Greenhouse gas emission causing ozone depletion and
other environmental impacts like Global Warming. Carbon di-oxide emissions can be reduced on an
average 3.3million tons in a year by adding 1 GW energy of renewable origin like wind energy and
production of clean energy only by help of renewable energy sources, so it will help to minimize the
adverse effects of climate change in India.as we as globally.

Keywords: Energy Conservation, Externalities, Green House Gas, Clean Energy

INTRODUCTION intensify Renewable energy and energy

efficiency program. By moving towards
The exponential growth in the rate of energy renewable energy production, which must be
consumption is the main cause of energy indigenous in nature and must have low
shortage, as well as energy resources depletion generation cost, we can enhance energy security
worldwide. Electricity shortage is very common condition, reduce our import dependency, solve
in country like India where most of the problem of fuel price instability etc. Carbon di
population (i.e. over 40 percent) has no access oxide emissions can be reduced on an average
to modern energy services. On an average, 3.3million tons in a year by adding 1 GW energy
electricity demand is expected to raise of renewable origin so it will help to minimize
7.4percent annually for next 25 years. According the adverse effects of climate change in India.
to International Energy Agency, more than 28 Wind energy can emerge as a solution of most of
percent share of the world’s total energy will be the problems because it is cost-effective in
consumed in India and China by the year 2030. nature, clean energy resource, reduce fossil fuel
Therefore a significant amount of energy must demand and more over could be a fighting tool
come from renewable sources. National Action against climate change. Wind power has been
Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was formed in using since ancient eras for various purposes.
2008 for climate change control, has also Before the development of the steam engine,
considered role of renewable energy in total conventionally wind power was primarily used
energy production of India. NAPCC has also set a for various applications such assailing ships etc.
target to increase the renewable energy share in
total energy production up to 15 percent till
year 2020, which clearly shows India’s
commitment towards a sustainable
development. The huge gap between demand
and supply requires more energy resources. The
basic challenge is to fulfill the energy
requirements in a sustainable way and one of
the best available options in current scenario is
renewable energy sources, so it is required to

© Virtu and Foi.

1
GJESR REVIEW PAPER VOL. 1 [ISSUE 11] DECEMBER, 2014 ISSN:- 2349–283X

HISTORY OF WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY – A The worldwide installed capacity of wind

TECHNICAL OVERVIEW power reached 283 GW by the end of 2012.
China (75,564 MW), US (60,007 MW), Germany
Background In 1891, a Dane by the name of (31,332 MW) and Spain (22,796 MW) are ahead
Poul LaCour built the first electricity-generating of India in fifth position. The short gestation
wind turbine. It was improved by Danish periods for installing wind turbines, and the
engineers and used to supply energy during increasing reliability and performance of wind
energy shortages in World War I and World War energy machines has made wind power a
II. The wind turbines built by the Danish favoured choice for capacity addition in India.
company F.L Schmidt (now a cement machinery Suzlon, an Indian-owned company, emerged on
maker) in 1941-1942 can be considered the the global scene in the past decade, and by 2006
forerunners of modern wind turbines, and other had captured almost 7.7 present of market share
companies, such as the American Palmer in global wind turbine sales. Suzlon is currently
Putnam began building turbines as well, the leading manufacturer of wind turbines for
modifying the number of blades and tower the Indian market, holding some 43 present of
height. The actual technology has also improved market share in India. Suzlon’s success has
in large spurts. By the end of 1989, a 300 kW made India the developing country leader in
wind turbine with a 30-m rotor diameter was advanced wind turbine technology.
state-of-the-art. Ten years later, 1500 kW
turbines with a diameter of around 70m are Top 10 wind power countries Country Total
available from many manufacturers. Though 4-5 capacity end 2013 (MW) China 91,424 United
MW are expected within the next 2 years, the 1.5 States 61,091 Germany 34,250 Spain 22,959
MW turbines remain state of-the-art. In India, a India 20,150 United Kingdom 10,531 Italy 8,552
typical wind turbine is of the 200 kW type. France 8,254 Canada 7,803 Denmark 4,772 Rest
of world 48,351 Total 318,137
GLOBALLY WIND ENERGY PRODUCTION

© Virtu and Foi.

2
GJESR REVIEW PAPER VOL. 1 [ISSUE 11] DECEMBER, 2014 ISSN:- 2349–283X

Source –GWEC

WIND ENARGY IN INDIA renewable power installed capacityi.e.70

present (2012), as compared to the other
Wind energy program was commenced in India renewable sources. The total installed wind
by the end of the 6thfive yearly plan during power capacity in India had reached 17.9GW in
1983-84 and in the last few years it has August 2012. The total capacity added during
increased considerably. The main objective of financial year 2012-2013 was around 1,700
the program was the commercialization of wind MW7. India’s cumulative installed capacity up to
energy production, support research and year 2011 is shown in figure -2. A rapid growth
development, provide help to wind projects and in wind power installation has been measured in
to create awareness among people. Under this southern and western states in India. A need for
program Ministry of Non Renewable Energy about 350- 360 GW of total energy generation
(MNRE) has done various modification capacity was reported by the Central Electricity
regarding incentives, schemes and policies for Authority in its National Electricity Plan (2012),
wind energy. India is relatively newcomer to the by the year 20228. Only onshore wind potential
wind energy sector as compared to Denmark or has been utilised so far by India. In spite of the
USA. But Indian policy support for wind energy fact that India has long coast line over 7500 km,
has led India and it ranked fifth with largest we have not yet tapped our offshore wind
installed wind power capacity5. The total resource for energy generation. The Capacity
installed power capacity was 19,565 MW on Utilization Factor (CUF) of offshore wind
June 30, 20136and now India is just behind USA, turbines is much higher as compared to the
China, Spain and Germany. Global installed onshore turbines because of the high offshore
wind power capacity shows India’s better wind speed7. Offshore Wind Steering Committee
performance in wind energy sector (table-1). was established by MNRE in August 2012, which
The five main windrower countries are China, released a draft of the National Offshore Wind
USA, Germany, Spain and India and they Energy Policy in May 2013. The development
together represent a share of 73 present of the of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and
global wind capacity. As per MNRE (figure- 1), has significantly increased in the last few years.
wind power accounts for the largest share of

© Virtu and Foi.

3
GJESR REVIEW PAPER VOL. 1 [ISSUE 11] DECEMBER, 2014 ISSN:- 2349–283X

Although a relative newcomer to the wind GUJARAT (3,187 MW)

industry compared with Denmark or the United
States, India has the fifth largest installed wind Gujarat government’s focus on tapping
power capacity in the world. In 2009-10 India's renewable energy has led to sharp rise in the
growth rate was highest among the other top capacity to generate power using wind energy in
four countries. the last few years. According to official data,
wind power generations capacity in the state
As of 31 March 2014 the installed capacity of has increased a staggering ten times in just six
wind power in India was 21136.3 MW, mainly years. As per C-WET data, the total installed
spreadacross TamilNadu(7154MW), Gujarat (3, capacity in Gujarat stood at 3093 MW.
093MW), Maharashtra (2976MW), Karnataka (2
113MW), Rajasthan (2355MW), MadhyaPradesh MAHARASHTRA (2976 MW)
(386MW), AndhraPradesh (435MW), Kerala (35.
Maharashtra is third only to Tamil Nadu and
1 MW), Orissa (2MW), West Bengal (1.1 MW)
Gujarat in terms of generating in India. In Satara
and other states (3.20 MW). It is estimated that
a Company named Suzlon Energy Ltd. has its
6,000 MW of additional wind power capacity
wind power plant.
will be installed in India by 2014. Wind power
accounts for 8.5% of India's total installed RAJASTHAN (2355 MW)
power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the
country's power. 2356 MW as per the news reported by Times of
India, Dated 31.3.2012
STATE-LEVEL CAPACITY OF WIND ENARGY
POWER MADHYA PRADESH (386 MW)

There are a growing number of wind energy In consideration of unique concept, Govt. of
installations in states across India. By the end of Madhya Pradesh has sanctioned another 15 MW
January 2014, the states of India had a project to Madhya Pradesh Wind farms Ltd.
cumulative installed capacity of 20298.83 MW. MPWL, Bhopal at Nagda Hills near Dewas under
consultation from Consolidated Energy
Consultants Ltd. CECL Bhopal. All the 25 WEGs
have been commissioned on 31.03.2008 and
under successful operation.

KERALA

The first wind farm of the state was set up at

Kanjikode in Palakkad district. They generate a
total of 600 MW of power. The agency has
identified 16 sites for setting up wind farms
through private developers.

ODISHA (2.0MW)
Wind energy production state wise in India
Odisha a coastal state has higher potential for
(Source -MNRE)
wind energy. Current installation capacity
TAMIL NADU (7158 MW) stands at 2.0 MW. Odisha has a windpower
potential of 1700MW. The Govt of Odisha is
With peak wind power generation at close to actively pursuing to boost Wind power
7000 MW, Tamil Nadu is one of the wind power generation in the state. However it has not
hubs of South Asia. Tamil Nadu generates 40% progressed like other states primarily because
of India's wind power. Major districts with wind Odisha having a huge coal reserve and number
farms are Tuticorin, Coimbatore, Kanyakumari, of existing and upcoming thermal power plants
Thirunelveli and Tiruppur. is a power surplus state.

© Virtu and Foi.

4
GJESR REVIEW PAPER VOL. 1 [ISSUE 11] DECEMBER, 2014 ISSN:- 2349–283X

WEST BENGAL (2.10MW) the project owned by West Bengal Renewable

Energy Development Agency (WBREDA), Govt.
The total installation in West Bengal is 2.10 MW of WB and project was executed on turnkey
till Dec 2009 at Fraserganj, Distt- South 24 basis by Utility Powertech Limited (UPL).
Paraganas. More 0.5 MW (approx) at Ganga
Sagar, Kakdwip, Distt - South 24 Paraganas. Both PROJECT

Proposed and running project in India

© Virtu and Foi.

5
GJESR REVIEW PAPER VOL. 1 [ISSUE 11] DECEMBER, 2014 ISSN:- 2349–283X

MAIN BARRIERS -CHALLENGES IN WIND in India till 2022. The wind energy market in
ENERGY AND MAJOR ISSUES India has been growing since the last many
years. The total installed capacity of the Indian
Initial cost for installations a wind turbine is Wind Energy market is 21136.20 MW. India
greater than that of conventional fossil fuel stands at the 5th Rank in terms of the total
generators per MW installed. Noise is produced installed wind power capacity just behind China,
by the rotor blades. and the energy production is USA, Germany and Spain. But the potential is far
fully depends on flow of wind, This is not from being utilized. It is estimated by the Indian
normally an issue in the locations chosen for Wind Energy Association that the Wind power
most wind farms. (Geographical structure of potential for all the states of India put together
India) There are some factors which may would be in the order of 1.5 GW. It can sustain
provide serious barriers to a scheme and a the growing needs of electricity of the Indian
barrier study is to address these and to inform consumers in a sustainable way. The report aims
the client of the development potential that is at providing the reader a detailed view of the
available. industry with the use of analysis frameworks
which help in identifying the political,
1. Examine average wind speed
economical, social and technical factors that
2. Review planning issues and land determine the scenario of the market and the
availability market forces prevailing in the industry. The
Key challenges faced by existing players and the
3. Assess external electrical system barriers for a new player entering into the
strength market, are also covered. The report also
identifies the role played by the central and the
4. Assess aircraft and radar interference state governments by analyzing the incentives
potential and subsidies offered by central and state
governments. This report also provides details
5. Report observations and conclusions
about risks associated with credit, policy and
technical factors in Indian wind energy market.
The report also has detailed company profiles
FUTURE AND SCOPE including their position in wind energy value
chain, financial performance analysis, product
Wind power is an affordable, efficient and and service wise business strategy, SWOT
abundant source of domestic electricity. It's analysis and key customer details for eleven
pollution-free and cost-competitive with energy companies namely Suzlon Energy Limited,
from new coal- and gas-fired power plants in Gamesa Wind Turbines Private Limited, Vestas
many regions. The wind industry has been Wind Technology India Private Limited, Wind
growing rapidly in recent years. The Ministry of World India Limited, Global Wind Power
New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has fixed Limited, Inox Wind Limited, Kenersys India
a target of 10,500 MW between 2007–12, but an Private Limited, Regen Powertech Private
additional generation capacity of only about Limited, GE India Industrial Private
6,000 MW might be available for commercial use Limited, RRB Energy Limited and LM Wind
by 2012.The MNRE has announced a revised Power Technologies (India) Pvt. Ltd.
estimation of the potential wind resource in
India from 49,130 MW assessed at 50m Hub CONCLUSION
heights to 102,788 MW assessed at 80m Hub
height. The wind resource at higher Hub heights In the present paper we have studied the
that are now prevailing is possibly even more. present scenario of power sector of India and
India has set a target of achieving overall wind need for application of renewable sources for
energy installed capacity of 27,300 MW by 2017 future shortage in power demands. Wind energy
and 38,500 MW by 2022. As per NOVONOUS today plays a significant role in reducing
estimates, this creates an US$ 31.25 greenhouse gas emissions and can be rapidly
billion opportunity in the wind energy market deployed in the future. Each wind-produced

© Virtu and Foi.

6
GJESR REVIEW PAPER VOL. 1 [ISSUE 11] DECEMBER, 2014 ISSN:- 2349–283X

kilowatt hour (kWh) avoids a kWh created by Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13 (2009)
power stations burning coal, gas and oil - on 285–317
average 696 gCO2/kWh.Carbon di oxide doi:10.1016/j.rser.2007.10.004.
emissions can be reduced on an average
3.3million tons in a year by adding 1 GW energy 2. Earth Summit ’92, 1992. The United
of renewable origin like wind energy, so it will Nations Conference on Environment
help to minimize the adverse effects of climate and Development, Rio de Janeiro 1992.
change in India and also minimize the effect of
3. Mani A, Mooley DA. Wind Energy Data
global warming. The proposed target for 12th
for India, Allied Publishers Private
five yearly plans (year 2012 to 2017) is 15,000
Limited, New Delhi, 1983.
MW. Here in India, it is necessary to introduce
long-term comprehensive stable policies to 4. Justus CG. Wind Data Collection and
support and boost the necessary investments in Assessment, Proc. Initial Wind Energy
renewable energy. Data Assessment Study, Ashville, NC,
NSF-RA-75-020, Department of Energy,
Some facts:-
USA, 1975.
 In 2011, wind power in the EU avoided
5. India wind energy outlook 2012,
the emission of 140 million tons (Mt) of
accessed at http://www.gwec.net/wp-
CO2, equivalent to taking 71 million
content/uploads/2012/11/IndiaWind-
vehicles off the road.
Energy-Outlook-2012.pdf
 In 2020, the 213 GW of installed wind
6. Draft of “The National Offshore Wind
power as planned in Member States'
Energy Policy” May, accessed at
National Renewable Energy Action
http://bit.ly/11vlu5e (2013)
Plans could avoid the emission of 316
Mt of CO2. This is equivalent to around 7. Centre for Wind Energy Technology,
three quarters of today's EU car fleet's Chennai, accessed at http://www.cwet.
emissions and 28% of the EU's tn.nic.in/html/information.html (2013)
greenhouse gas reduction effort for
2020 (20% reduction) 8. Press Information Bureau release on
August 14, “Connection of wind power
REFERENCES:- to grids” accessed at
http://bit.ly/13BOM4D (2012)
1. Ramachandra T.V. 2009. RIEP: Regional
Integrated Energy Plan, Renewable and

© Virtu and Foi.

7