&RXQWHUIHLWFXUUHQF\GHWHFWLRQWHFKQLTXHV

$NDQNVKD8SDGK\D\D 'U9LQRG6KRNHHQ 'U*DULPD6ULYDVWDYD

5HVHDUFK6FKRODU$,,7 $VVRFLDWH3URIHVVRU$6( $VVLVWDQW3URIHVVRU,7
$PLW\8QLYHUVLW\ $PLW\8QLYHUVLW\ '5.10,7
1RLGD,QGLD 1RLGD,QGLD *KD]LDEDG,QGLD
DNDQNVKD#JPDLOFRP YVKRNHHQ#DPLW\HGX YHUVDWLOHJDULPD#\DKRRFRP

 

$EVWUDFW7KHFXUUHQF\ZKLFKLVLPLWDWHGZLWKLOOHJDOVDQFWLRQ FXUUHQF\ FDQ EH GHWHUPLQHG WKURXJK QDNHG H\H HJ LQWDJOLR
RI VWDWH DQG JRYHUQPHQW LV FRXQWHUIHLW FXUUHQF\ (YHU\ FRXQWU\ SULQWLQJPLFURWH[WYDULHGGHQVLW\ZDWHUPDUNHWFRQWKHRWKHU
LQFRUSRUDWHV D QXPEHU RI VHFXULW\ IHDWXUHV IRU LWV FXUUHQF\ VLGHLQVHFRQGOLQHLQVSHFWLRQH[WUDGHYLFHIRUDXWKHQWLFLW\RI
VHFXULW\ &XUUHQF\ FRXQWHUIHLWLQJ LV DOZD\V EHHQ D FKDOOHQJLQJ FXUUHQF\ LV UHTXLUHG HJ ILEUH RSWLFV OLJKW WUDQVPLVVLRQ
WHUP IRU ILQDQFLDO V\VWHP RI DQ\ FRXQWU\ 7KH SUREOHP RI WKURXJKDSDSHUFXUUHQF\FRORXUDQGIHDWXUHDQDO\VLVHWF
FRXQWHUIHLWLQJPDMRUO\DIIHFWVWKHHFRQRPLFDODVZHOODVILQDQFLDO
JURZWKRIDFRXQWU\,QYLHZRIWKHSUREOHPYDULRXVVWXGLHVDERXW
FRXQWHUIHLW GHWHFWLRQ KDV EHHQ FRQGXFWHG XVLQJ YDULRXV ,,, &855(1&<6(&85,7<)($785(6
WHFKQLTXHV DQG YDULHW\ RI WRROV 7KLV SDSHU IRFXVHV RQ WKH 6HH 7KURXJK 5HJLVWHU ,W LV D VPDOO VL]HG GHQRPLQDWLRQDO
UHVHDUFKHV DQG VWXGLHV WKDW KDYH EHHQ FRQGXFWHG E\ YDULRXV YDOXHRUDGHVLJQSULQWHGRQERWKVLGHVRIWKHQRWHZLWKEDFNWR
UHVHDUFKHUV 7KH SDSHU KLJKOLJKWHG WKH PHWKRGRORJLHV XVHG DQG EDFNUHJLVWUDWLRQ
WKH SDUWLFXODU FKDUDFWHULVWLFV IHDWXUHV FRQVLGHUHG IRU FRXQWHUIHLW
PRQH\GHWHFWLRQ ,QWDJOLR 3ULQWLQJ $OVR NQRZQ DV 5DLVHG SULQWLQJ SURYLGHV
 GLVWLQFWLYH ORRNV WR WKH FXUUHQF\ DQG DOVR SURWHFWV IURP
.H\ZRUGV² FRXQWHUIHLW FXUUHQF\ UXSHH ,QGLDQ FXUUHQF\ FRXQWHUIHLWLQJ 7KH SULQWLQJ SURFHVV FRPSULVHV RI LPDJH
VHFXULW\ IHDWXUHV FRXQWHUIHLW GHWHFWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV LPDJH SULQWLQJ ZKLFK LV GLVWLQFWLYH E\ ULFK FRORUV DQG SUXGHQW
SURFHVVLQJPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJ FRPSRVLWLRQ
/DWHQW,PDJH,WLVDOVRFRQVLVWHGRIGHQRPLQDWLRQDOYDOXHEXW
, 25*$1,=$7,212)3$3(5 QRUPDOO\LWVHHPVWREHDSDUWLFXODUGHVLJQDQGZKHQWLOWHGDWD
7KHSDSHULVRUJDQL]HGLQWRVL[VHFWLRQVLQFOXGLQJRUJDQL]DWLRQ SDUWLFXODU DQJOH QRUPDOO\  GHJUHH DW H\H OHYHO WKH
RI SDSHU 6HFWLRQ ,, JLYHV WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ RI FRXQWHUIHLWHG GHQRPLQDWLRQDOYDOXHLVYLHZHG>@
FXUUHQF\,QVHFWLRQ,,,JHQHUDOVHFXULW\IHDWXUHVRIFXUUHQF\LV 0LFURSULQWLQJ/LWWOHWLQ\GHVLJQRUOHWWHUSULQWHGLQWKHEDVH
GHVFULEHG 7KH QH[W VHFWLRQ GHDOV ZLWK ,QGLDQ FXUUHQF\ RI DQ\ FXUUHQF\ QRWH 7KH PLFUR SULQWLQJ FDQ EH YLVLEOH ZLWK
VHFXULW\IHDWXUHVVSHFLDOO\IRUGHQRPLQDWLRQYDOXHVRI WKH KHOS RI PDJQLI\LQJ LQVWUXPHQW 7KH WLQ\ OHWWHUV FDUYHG LQ
  UXSHH QRWHV )XUWKHU VHFWLRQV GHDOV ZLWK VWXGLHV EDQNQRWHVDUHDOVRNQRZQDV0LFUROHWWHULQJ
FRQGXFWHGDQGWHFKQLTXHVSURSRVHGE\YDULRXVUHVHDUFKHUV$W
ODVW WKH SDSHU LV FRQFOXGHG DORQJ ZLWK WKH IXWXUH VWXGLHV WKDW 6HFXULW\7KUHDGV6HFXULW\WKUHDGVDUHDWKLQHUHFWHGVWULSRI
FDQEHSHUIRUPHGWRDXWKHQWLFDWHWKH,QGLDQFXUUHQF\ SODVWLFRUPHWDOIRLOHQJUDYHGZLWKVRPHWH[WFDUYHGRQLW>@
6HFXULW\,QNV7KHW\SHRIVHFXULW\LQNLVRSWHGGLIIHUHQWO\E\
,, ,1752'8&7,21 GLIIHUHQW FRXQWULHV 7KHVH LQNV SHUIRUP VHFXULW\ IXQFWLRQV
&XUUHQF\FRXQWHUIHLWLQJLVDQHYHUVLQFHDFRQWLQXRXVUDFH PHDQWWRWDUJHWGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIXVHUVDQGDXWKHQWLFDWLRQIRU
EHWZHHQWKHFHUWLILHUOLNHEDQNDQGFRXQWHUIHLWHUV$OOFXUUHQF\ H[DPSOH H\HVLJKW DQG WRXFK DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ PDFKLQH DVVLVWHG
FRQWDLQ VRPH VHFXULW\ IHDWXUHV IRU LWV VHFXULW\ DQG DOVR WR DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ DQG GHWHFWLRQ DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ E\ FRORU VKLIW
SUHYHQW FRXQWHUIHLWLQJ RI FXUUHQF\>@ *HQHUDOO\ HYHU\ SURSHUW\
FXUUHQF\ LQFOXGHV LQWDJOLR SULQWLQJ ZDWHUPDUN GHQRPLQDWLRQ
PDUNVPDUNIRUEOLQGVHWF2WKHUWKDQWKHVHIHDWXUHVWKHUHLVD 'HQRPLQDWLRQ FRORU VL]H PDUN DQG YDOXH 7R GLVWLQJXLVK
XQLTXH IHDWXUH RI HYHU\ FXUUHQF\ ZKLFK LV SURYLGHG IRU EHVW RQHGHQRPLQDWLRQIURPRWKHUGLIIHUHQWFRORUVVL]HPDUNVOLNH
VHFXULW\ HJ ,QGLDQ FXUUHQF\ KDV DQWL SKRWRFRS\LQJ IHDWXUH FLUFOHUHFWDQJOHHWFDQGYDOXHLQSDUWLFXODUODQJXDJHLVFDUYHG
(XURSHDQ (XUR KDV SHUIRUDWLRQ 86 GROODU KDV ' VHFXULW\ RYHUWKHFXUUHQF\>@>@'HQRPLQDWLRQPDUNDOVRKHOSVWKH
ULEERQ DQG EHOO LQ LQN DQG PDQ\ PRUH>@>@ 0DQ\ EOLQGVLQLGHQWLI\LQJDSDUWLFXODUYDOXHFXUUHQF\WKURXJKILQJHU
UHVHDUFKHV DQG VWXGLHV KDYH EHHQ SHUIRUPHG LQ WHUPV RI WRXFK
SURYLGLQJ EHVW WHFKQLTXH IRU FXUUHQF\ FRXQWHUIHLW GHWHFWLRQ :DWHUPDUN7RSURWHFWWKHFXUUHQF\IURPFRXQWHUIHLWLQJRQH
DQG DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ 7KH WHFKQLTXHV SURSRVHG ZHUH FRPSRVHG RIWKHDXWKHQWLFDWHGDQGZHOOJURXQGHGIHDWXUHVLVZDWHUPDUN
RI GLIIHUHQW DUHDV RI PDFKLQH OHDUQLQJ DQG LPDJH SURFHVVLQJ :DWHUPDUNV FDQ EH PXOWLWRQDO GLJLWDO HOHFWURW\SH SL[HO
7R GHWHFW FRXQWHUIHLW FXUUHQF\ ILUVW OLQH LQVSHFWLRQ RU VHFRQG YLVLRQ HWF :DWHUPDUN LPDJHV FDQ EH EXLOW E\ IDEULFDWLQJ
OLQH LQVSHFWLRQ LV UHTXLUHG ,Q ILUVW OLQH LQVSHFWLRQ D IRUJHG YDULDWLRQLQSDSHUWKLFNQHVV>@>@>@

c
978-1-5386-1719-9/18/$31.00 2018 IEEE 394
+RORJUDP +RORJUDPV ORRNV OLNH WKUHH GLPHQVLRQDO WH[WLOHILEUHDQGKDYLQJVSHFLDOG\HV7RJLYHPRUHVWUHQJWKWR
SKRWRJUDSK KDYLQJ VKLQ\ PHWDOOLF JODVV RU SODVWLF GHVLJQ LQ WKHEDQNQRWHSDSHULWLVLQIXVHGZLWKJHODWLQ$OOWKHEDQNQRWHV
ZKLFK LPDJHV DUH OHYLWDWLQJ LQVLGH 6LQFH WKHVH DUH KDUG WR FRQVLVW RI VHH WKURXJK UHJLVWHU UDLVHG SULQWLQJ RU LQWDJOLR
UHSURGXFH DQG FRXQWHUIHLWHG KHQFH PDQ\ FRXQWULHV SUHIHU WR SULQWLQJFRORUVKLIWVHFXULW\WKUHDGDQGGHQRPLQDWLRQDOYDOXH
LQFRUSRUDWHWKHIHDWXUHLQWKHLUFXUUHQF\ LGHQWLILFDWLRQ PDUN HOHFWURW\SH ZDWHUPDUN ODWHQW LPDJH RI
8OWUDYLROHWDQG,QIUDUHGWHVW89IOXRUHVFHQWPDWHULDODQG GHQRPLQDWLRQDOYDOXHPLFUROHWWHULQJDQGVSHFLDOVHFXULW\LQN
LQIUDUHGVHQVLQJIHDWXUHVDUHHUHFWHGLQEDQNQRWHVRIGLIIHUHQW IRU QXPEHU SDQHO ZKLFK FDQ EH WHVWHG XQGHU 8OWUD YLROHW WHVW
FRXQWULHV 7KH IHDWXUH LV QRW QHFHVVDULO\ SUHVHQWHG LQ HYHU\ >@ 2QH RI WKH VSHFLDO IHDWXUHV RI ,QGLDQ FXUUHQF\ LV $QWL
FRXQWU\’V FXUUHQF\ 89 DQG ,QIUDUHG FRXQWHUIHLW DUH XVHG WR SKRWRFRS\LQJ IHDWXUH 2PURQ 7KLV IHDWXUH SUHYHQWV IURP
GHWHFW VSHFLDO W\SH RI LQN QXPHUDO DQG LPDJH HWF 7KHVH LPLWDWLRQ RI DOO VHFXULW\ IHDWXUHV RI D EDQNQRWH (YHU\
IHDWXUHV DUH YLVLEOH XQGHU VSHFLILF ZDYHOHQJWK RI XOWUD YLROHW FRXQWHUIHLWHG QRWH LV LQHIILFLHQW WR LPLWDWH DOO WKH VHFXULW\
DQGLQIUDUHG IHDWXUHVRIWKHEDQNQRWH
7KH WDEOH LOOXVWUDWHV WKH IHDWXUHV RI ,QGLDQ EDQNQRWHV ZLWK
6HULDO 1XPEHUV )RU UHFRUG NHHSLQJ DV ZHOO DV IRU VHFXULW\
GHQRPLQDWLRQ YDOXHV    DQG  7KH IHDWXUHV RI
SXUSRVHVHDFKEDQNQRWHKDVXQLTXHVHULDOQXPEHU7KHSDWWHUQ
EDQNQRWHDQGDUHVKRZQIRUQHZQRWHVZKHUHDVIRU
RI VHULDO QXPEHU LV FRQVLVWHG RI DOSKDEHWV DQG QXPHUDOV
DQGROGHUEDQNQRWHVZHUHFRQVLGHUHG)URPWDEOHRQH
SULQWHG DW WKH REYHUVH DQG UHYHUVH VLGH RI EDQNQRWHV 6RPH
FDQ HDVLO\ GHSLFW WKH GLIIHUHQWLDWLQJ IHDWXUHV RI HDFK
VHULDO QXPEHUV DUH DOVR ZULWWHQ YHUWLFDOO\ DORQJ WKH EDQNQRWH
GHQRPLQDWLRQ YDOXH 7KH WDEOH DOVR KHOSV LQ JDWKHULQJ D IDLU
OHQJWK RU KRUL]RQWDOO\ 7KH VHULDO QXPEHUV DUH DOVR ZULWWHQ
LGHDDERXWGLIIHUHQWIHDWXUHVRIGLIIHUHQWGHQRPLQDWLRQYDOXH
ZLWKVSHFLDOLQNVDQGFRXOGEHLQ]RRPLQJFRQLFDOGHVLJQV
3DSHU 0DWHULDO 8VXDOO\ PRVW RI WKH EDQNQRWHV DUH PDGH RI 7$%/(, '(120,1$7,21:,6(,1',$1&855(1&<)($785(6
FRWWRQRUFHOOXORVHQDWXUDOPDWHULDO7KLVFRWWRQLVPL[HGZLWK
RWKHUWH[WLOHILEUHV OLQHQHWFWRSURYLGHH[WUDVWUHQJWKDJDLQVW )HDWXUHV
WKH FRXQWHUIHLWLQJ 7KH EDQNQRWH LV LPEXHG ZLWK DJHQWV OLNH 'HQRPLQDWLRQ    
5V
DOFRKRO JHODWLQ SRO\YLQ\O IRU UREXVWQHVV DJDLQVW QRUPDO
SULQWLQJDQGZULWLQJSDSHUV 6HHWKURXJK
UHJLVWHUZLWK
7KHUHDUHVHYHUDORWKHUVHFXULW\IHDWXUHVRSWHGE\GLIIHUHQW ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
GHQRPLQDWLRQDO
FRXQWULHVIRUWKHVHFXULW\RIWKHLUFXUUHQF\7KHVHIHDWXUHVFDQ QXPHUDO
EH ,QIUDUHGJORZLQJ PRWLRQ WKUHDGKRORJUDSKLFSRUWUDLWDQG
PDQ\PRUH 0DKDWPD
*DQGKLSRUWUDLW
¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
DQGHOHFWURW\SH
,9 ,1',$1%$1.127(6(&85,7<)($785(6 ZDWHUPDUN
$IWHU GHPRQHWL]DWLRQ LQ WKH \HDU  WKH KLJKHU
=RRPLQJ
GHQRPLQDWLRQ QHZ QRWHV LH  DQG  ZLWK VRPH H[WUD 1XPEHU3DQHO
[ ¥ ¥ ¥
VHFXULW\IHDWXUHVZHUHLQWURGXFHGE\,QGLDQJRYHUQPHQW,QGLD
SURGXFHV LWV FXUUHQF\ ZLWK GHQRPLQDWLRQ YDOXH     )OXRUHVFHQFH
    WLOO   IURP  VHFXULW\LQNLQ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
'HPRQHWL]DWLRQFDXVHGWKHUXSHHQRWHVSOXFNHGRXWIURP 1XPEHUSDQHO
WKH FLUFXODWLRQ DQG PDNLQJ KLJKHVW GHQRPLQDWLRQ FXUUHQF\ DV
6HFXULW\WKUHDG
2QHRIWKHREMHFWLYHRIGHPRQHWL]DWLRQDQGUHOHDVLQJRI LQVFULSWLRQZLWK ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
QHZ FXUUHQF\ QRWHV RI  DQG  LV WR FRQWURO WKH %KDUDWDQG5%,
FRXQWHUIHLWLQJ $V SURSRVHG E\ 5%,  DQG  UXSHH QHZ
QRWHVZLOOEHVRRQUHOHDVHGDQGRIGLIIHUHQWIHDWXUHVDQGORRNV *UHHQWREOXH
0RUHRYHUROGQRWHVZLOOUHPDLQWKHOHJDOWHQGHUZKHUHDVLW )OXRUHVFHQF IOXRUHVFHQFH
6HFXULW\WKUHDG H\HOORZ \HOORZRQ *UHHQ *UHHQ
LV QRW WKH VDPH FDVH IRU ROG  UXSHH QRWHV DV SHU 5%,’V ZLWKFRORUVKLIW XQGHUXOWUD UHYHUVHVLGH WREOXH WREOXH
GHFODUDWLRQ YLROHW XQGHU
7KH VHFXULW\ IHDWXUHV DUH LQFRUSRUDWHG LQ HDFK RI WKH XOWUDYLROHW
GHQRPLQDWLRQYDOXH$OO,QGLDQEDQNQRWHVDUHNQRZQWREHDV
WKH 0DKDWPD *DQGKL VHULHV 7KH 0* VHULHV  LQWURGXFHG 3RUWUDLWRI &LUFOH +RUL]R
3RUWUDLWRI DWULJKW QWDO
WKH FRQFHSW RI EOHHG OLQHV GLIIHUHQW IRU GLIIHUHQW FXUUHQF\ 0DKDWPD
0DKDWPD RQ UHFWDQJ
*DQGKL
YDOXH7KHVHEOHHGOLQHVLVDOVRRQHRIWKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQPDUN *DQGKL REYHUVH OHDW
IRUEOLQGVWRGHWHFWWKHGHQRPLQDWLRQYDOXH$ORQJZLWKEOHHG ,QWDJOLR 5HVHUYH VLGH ULJKWRQ
5HVHUYHEDQN DQG REYHUVH
OLQHV]RRPLQJQXPEHUSDQHOLVDOVRRQH RIWKH IHDWXUH RIWKLV SULQWLQJ5DLVHG EDQNVHDO
VHDO
SULQWLQJ EOHHG VLGH
VHULHV 7KH VL]H RI WKH QXPEHUV LQ QXPEHU SDQHO JUHZ LQ OLQHVLQ DQG
*XDUDQWHH
DVFHQGLQJRUGHU7KHQHZUXSHHQRWHVKDYHLQVHWÄ/’DQG *XDUDQWHHDQG  DQJXODU
DQG
Ä(’ ZKHUHDV IRU  UXSHH QRWH LW LV Ä5’ 7KH PDWHULDO XVHG SURPLVH EORFNV EOHHG
SURPLVH
FODXVH RQERWK OLQHVRQ
IRU WKH EDQNQRWHV LV D VOXVK RI FRWWRQ EDOVDP EOHQGHG ZLWK FODXVH
OHIWDQG ERWK

2018 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence) 395
 ULJKW OHIWDQG 7$%/(,, 5(/$7('678',(6)25&2817(5)(,7'(7(&7,21
$VKRND $VKRND3LOODU
VLGH ULJKW
3LOODU HPEOHPRQ 7HFKQLTXH &KDUDFWHULVWLFV &XUUHQF\ $XWKRUV <HDU
LGHQWLIL VLGH
HPEOHPRQ OHIW /DWHQW ,PDJH
FDWLRQ LGHQWLIL
OHIW 'HQRPLQDWLRQ
PDUN FDWLRQ
5%, PDUN YDOXH ,QWDJOLR
5%, *RYHUQRU’V ,PDJH EDVHG SULQWLQJ
,QGLD
*RYHUQRU’V VLJQDWXUHV VHJPHQWDWLRQ LGHQWLILFDWLRQ 5DMHEKRVDO
5XSHHV
VLJQDWXUHV EOHHGOLQHVLQ EDVHG RQ PDUN VHH H6DJDU6 
 
LGHQWLILFDWLR EORFNVRQ WHPSODWH WKURXJK UHJLVWHU HWDO

QPDUN ERWKOHIWDQG PDWFKLQJ VDW\DPHY MD\DWH
ULJKWVLGH ORJR 5%, ORJR
LGHQWLILFDWLRQ DQG 5HVHUYH
PDUN %DQNRI,QGLD
7HPSODWH ,QGLD
'HQRPLQDWLRQDO 6/,& FRPSDULVRQ 5XSHHV 6QHKD5

1XPHUDOZLWK ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ $OJRULWKP EDVHG RQ 5*% QHZ QRWHV HWDO
FRORUVKLIW YDOXHV 
3DWWHUQ
'HQRPLQDWLRQDO 5HFRJQLWLRQ
YDOXHZULWWHQLQ [ [ ¥ ¥ DQG 1HXUDO
'HYQDJDUL QHWZRUN ,QGLD 3LODQLD(
6HFXULW\WKUHDG 
WHFKQLTXH 5XSHHV $URUD%
0DKDW 0DKDW EDVHG RQ
0DKDWPD PD PD 52, DQG
0DKDWPD +69
*DQGKL *DQGKL *DQGKL
,QWURGXFHGLQ *DQGKL6HULHV &XUUHQF\ ,QGLD
6HULHV 6HULHV 6HULHV 6REHO $WFKD\D6
\HDU 1RYHPEHU EDUFRGH DQG 5XSHH  
1RYHPEHU 1RYHP 1RYHP 2SHUDWRU HWDO
 VHULDO1R 
 EHU EHU
  0DWFKLQJ RI
(GJH 0HDQ9DOXHVDQG
6L]HRI î î î 'HWHFWLRQ VWDQGDUG ,QGLD $QWRQH\$
îPP 
EDQNQRWH PP PP PP 1,,0$4 GHYLDWLRQ YDOXH 5XSHH HWDO
DQG52, RI IDNH DQG
JHQXLQHFXUUHQF\
6WRQH 0DJHQW
&RORU 3LQN9LROHW %OXHJUHHQ %LWSODQHV RI WKH
JUH\ D FDQQ\ HGJH .XZDLW $OVKD\HML+
RULJLQDO LPDJHV 
GHWHFWLRQ 'LQDU HWDO

/DWHQW,PDJHRI
)RXULHU ,QGLD
GHQRPLQDWLRQDO ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
'HVFULSWRU 5XSHHV 
YDOXH ,GHQWLILFDWLRQ 0XNKHUMHH
$UWLILFLDO   
0DUN,'PDUN 6HWDO
1HXUDO  DQG
0LFUROHWWHULQJ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ 1HWZRUN 
%LFOXVWHULQJ ,QN 7KUHDG $UW
,GHQWLILFDWLRQ 5HFWDQ ,QGLD 5R\$HW
6TXDUH 7ULDQJOH &LUFOH 690 DQG ZRUN 3ULQWLQJ 
PDUN JOH 5XSHHV DO
$11 WHFKQLTXH
*8, EDVHG
5HYHUVH 2EYHUV 2EYHUV 3KLOOLSLQH
<HDURISULQWLQJ 5HYHUVHVLGH &DQQ\ HGJH 2SWLFDOO\ %DOODGR
VLGH HVLGH HVLGH 3HVR  
GHWHFWLRQ 9DULDEOH 'HYLFH HWDO
DQG
3DWFK
6HH 7KURXJK
9 &2817(5)(,7&855(1&<7(&+1,48(6 UHJLVWHU
&DVHV RI FRXQWHUIHLW FXUUHQF\ DUH FDXVHG E\ FDVK WUDQVDFWLRQ ,GHQWLILFDWLRQ
PDUN 6HFXULW\ ,QGLD .DY\D%5
,Q ,QGLD IRU GHWHFWLRQ RI IDNH QRWHV 5%, KDV DOVR SDVVHG D 6,)7
WKUHDG 5XSHH 'HYHQGUDQ 
PDQGDWH IRU NHHSLQJ D 1RWH VRUWLQJ PDFKLQH DW DOO FXUUHQF\ WHFKQLTXH
*RYHUQHU
V  %
FKHVWEUDQFKHVRIEDQNV 9DULRXVVWXGLHV KDYHEHHQSURSRVHG VLJQDWXUH
LQWHUPVRIGHWHFWLRQRIFRXQWHUIHLWFXUUHQF\6RPHWHFKQLTXHV 0LFUROHWWHULQJ
\HDURISULQW
DUH UHODWHG WR WKH DUHDV RI ,PDJH SURFHVVLQJ DQG VRPH DUH
,GHQWLILFDWLRQ
UHODWHG WR PDFKLQH OHDUQLQJ WHFKQLTXHV 7KH OLWHUDWXUH VXUYH\ )HDWXUH
PDUN VHFXULW\
VWXGLHVVRPHRIWKHWHFKQLTXHVSURSRVHGE\YDULRXVDXWKRUVLQ H[WUDFWLRQ
WKUHDG 
DQG 3UDVDQWKL
ERWK WKH PHQWLRQHG DUHDV EDVHG RQ SDUWLFXODU FRXQWU\’V’ FRPSDULQJ
ZDWHUPDUN ,QGLD
%66HWW\ 
FXUUHQF\DQGWKHLUGLIIHUHQWGHQRPLQDWLRQYDOXHV QXPHUDO 5XSHH
EODFN SL[HOV '5
ZDWHUPDUN IORUDO
7KHWDEOHGHSLFWVWKHUHODWHGVWXGLHVSHUIRUPHGLQWKHDUHDVRI ZLWK ZKLWH
GHVLJQ DQG
LPDJH SURFHVVLQJ DQG PDFKLQH OHDUQLQJ IURP  WR  SL[HOV
PLFUROHWWHULQJ
7KHWDEOHDOVRVKRZVWKHFOHDUGHVFULSWLRQRIFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRU &RORU 1HSDO
&RORXU DQG /DPVDO6
IHDWXUHVRYHUZKLFKWKHWHFKQLTXHVZHUHSURSRVHG SDUDPHWHU
WH[WXUHIHDWXUH
,QGLDQ
6KDN\D$

XVLQJ 6NHZ 5XSHH

396 2018 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence)
PHDQ DQG /94
6WDQGDUG QHWZRUN
GHYLDWLRQ KLGGHQ
YDOXH 0DUNRY
7H[WXUH PRGHOV
SDUDPHWHU +00V
XVLQJ 
HQWURS\ DQG
FRUUHODWLRQ
9, &21&/86,21$1')8785(6&23(
0XOWL &ODVV
&ODVVLILHU
6XSSRUW )URPSDVWIHZ \HDUVWHFKQRORJLFDO DGYDQFHPHQWVLQWHUPV
FHQWUDO QXPHUDO
9HFWRU
$VKRND 3LOODU ,QGLD RI SULQWLQJ VFDQQLQJ HWF WHFKQRORJLHV LPLWDWLRQ RI FXUUHQF\
0DFKLQH 6QLJGKD KDV EHFRPH D VHULRXV SUREOHP +HQFH WKHUH LV D QHHG IRU D
HPEOHP FRORXU 5XSHH 
690 .DPDO6 
FODVVLILHUV
EDQG DQG  
HWDO UREXVWV\VWHPWKDWFDQDFFXUDWHO\FODVVLI\WKHIDNHQRWHVIURP
LGHQWLILFDWLRQ  JHQXLQH RQHV 7KLV SDSHU LV DQ HIIRUW WR VXJJHVW YDULRXV
685)
PDUN
GHVFULSWRU WHFKQLTXHV SURSRVHG E\ YDULRXV UHVHDUFKHUV LQ WHUPV RI
IRU IHDWXUH FRQVLGHULQJ SDUWLFXODU FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RU IHDWXUH H[WUDFWLRQ
H[WUDFWLRQ
IURP GHQRPLQDWLRQ YDOXHV RI SDUWLFXODU FRXQWU\’V FXUUHQF\
2&5
2SWLFDO 0RVWRIWKHWHFKQLTXHVRUV\VWHPGHVLJQSURSRVHGE\YDULRXV
&KDUDFWHU UHVHDUFKHUVLV IURPWKH DSSOLFDWLRQDUHDVRI,PDJH SURFHVVLQJ
UHFRJQLWLRQ DQG PDFKLQH OHDUQLQJ 3HULRGLFDO XSJUDGDWLRQ RI FXUUHQF\’V
&RQWRXU
PLFURSULQWLQJ IHDWXUHV QHHG SHULRGLFDO XSJUDGDWLRQ RI SURSRVHG WHFKQLTXHV
$QDO\VLV
RSWLFDOO\ YDULDEOH RUSURSRVLQJQHZWHFKQLTXHVRUPHWKRGRORJLHV7KHGHVLJQRI
)DFH
LQN29,ZDWHU %DQJODGHVK
5HFRJQLWLRQ $KPHG= WHFKQLTXHV FDQ EH H[WHQGHG E\ FRQVLGHULQJ GDWD PLQLQJ
PDUN LULGHVFHQW  7DND  
6SHHGHG 83 HWDO SUHGLFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVOLNHPDSUHGXFHRUJHQHUDWLQJDDQGURLG
LQN VHFXULW\ 
5REXVW
)HDWXUHV
WKUHDG DQG EDVHG V\VWHP GHVLJQ ZKLFK FRXOG SURYLGH D VROXWLRQ IRU WKLV
XOWUDYLROHWOLQHV FRPSOH[ LVVXH 7KH QHHG RI UREXVW WHFKQRORJ\ LV VWLOO DQ
685) DQG
&DQQ\ (GJH HVVHQWLDO QHHG KHQFH SURSRVLQJ D
 +RXJK WHFKQLTXHPHWKRGRORJ\V\VWHP LQ WKLV GLUHFWLRQ ZLOO KHOS WKH
WUDQVIRUPDWLR
FRXQWU\WRIDFHWKHILQDQFLDODQGHFRQRPLFDOFKDOOHQJHFDXVHG
QDOJRULWKP
/'$PHWKRG
E\FRXQWHUIHLWHGFXUUHQF\
RQ (GJH &DQQ\ (GJH
+LVWRJUDP GHWHFWLRQ DQG 5()(5(1&(6
'HVFULSWRU ,QWHUFODVV DQG %DQJODGHV
5DKPDQ6 >@ 5%, $QQXDO 5HSRUW  &XUUHQF\ 0DQDJHPHQW
EDVHG RQ ,QWUDFODVV K 7DND 
HWDO KWWSVZZZUELRUJLQVFULSWV$QQXDO5HSRUW3XEOLFDWLRQVDVS[",G
LQWHU FODVV GLVWDQFH 

DQG LQWUD FDOFXODWLRQ RI
FODVV QRLV\LPDJHV >@ 5DMHEKRVDOH 6DJDU 6 'HYDQJ 6 *XMDUDWKL 6XVKLO 9 1LNDP
FODVVLILFDWLRQ 3UDWKPHVK 3 *RJWH DQG 1LOHVK 0 %DKLUDP &XUUHQF\
3DNLVWDQ 5HFRJQLWLRQ 6\VWHP 8VLQJ ,PDJH 3URFHVVLQJ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
&DQQ\ HGJH 0XKDPPDG 5HVHDUFK-RXUQDORI(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\,5-(7 9RO
:DWHUPDUN 3DNLVWDQL 
GHWHFWLRQ $HWDO ,VVXHSS
5XSHH
8OWUD 9LROHW >@ 6QHKD5'HHSLND3.1DJDYHQL66ZHWKD6KUHH'$VKD.6
89 $XWRPDWLF FRXQWHUIHLW FXUUHQF\ GHWHFWLRQ XVLQJ ,PDJH
GHWHFWLRQ 3URFHVVLQJ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 5HVHDUFK -RXUQDO RI (QJLQHHULQJ DQG
7HFKQRORJ\,5-(79RO,VVXH
XVLQJ 1,
,0$4 DQG '\H &RWWRQ >@ 3LODQLD(VKLWDDQG%KDYLND$URUD5HFRJQLWLRQRI)DNH&XUUHQF\
SRODUL]DWLRQ PDWHULDO XVHG LQ ,QGLD 6DQWKDQDP %DVHG RQ 6HFXULW\ 7KUHDG )HDWXUH RI &XUUHQF\ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
 -RXUQDO2I(QJLQHHULQJ$QG&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH9ROXPH,VVXHV
RIOLJKW6SLQ FXUUHQF\ DQG 5XSHHV .HWDO
FRDWLQJ DQG +RORJUDP SS
(OOLSVRPHWULF >@ $WFKD\D 6 . +DULQL * .DYLDUDVL DQG % 6ZDWKL )DNH
DQDO\VLV DQG &XUUHQF\ 'HWHFWLRQ 8VLQJ ,PDJH 3URFHVVLQJ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
KRORJUDSKLF -RXUQDO RI 7UHQG LQ 5HVHDUFK DQG 'HYHORSPHQW VSHFLDO LVVXH
GHWHFWLRQ SS
6REHO ,GHQWLILFDWLRQ ,QGLD >@ $OVKD\HML 0RKDPPDG +0RKDPPDG $O5RXVDQDQG 'XQ\D 7
RSHUDWRUZLWK PDUN 6HFXULW\ 5XSHHV 0LU]D5 +DVVRXQ'HWHFWLRQPHWKRGIRUFRXQWHUIHLWFXUUHQF\EDVHGRQELW

JUDGLHQW 7KUHDG DQG   1DQGD9 SODQH VOLFLQJ WHFKQLTXH,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI 0XOWLPHGLD DQG
PDJQLWXGH :DWHUPDUN DQG 8ELTXLWRXV(QJLQHHULQJ9RO,VVXHSS
3ULQFLSDO >@ 0XNKHUMHH 6 $UWLILFLDO QHXUDO QHWZRUN WR UHFRJQL]H DQ ,QGLDQ
&RPSRQHQW FXUUHQF\ QRWH XVLQJ XQLTXH LGHQWLILFDWLRQ PDUN-RXUQDO RI
86 'ROODU
$QDO\VLV 'LUHFWLRQ RI <RVKLRND $SSOLHG DQG )XQGDPHQWDO 6FLHQFHV9RO  ,VVXH  SS 
 
3&$OLQHDU URWDWLRQRIELOO HWDO 

YHFWRU >@ 5R\ $QNXVK %LVZDMLW +DOGHU 8WSDO *DUDLQ DQG 'DYLG 6
TXDQWL]DWLRQ 'RHUPDQQ0DFKLQHDVVLVWHGDXWKHQWLFDWLRQRISDSHUFXUUHQF\DQ

2018 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence) 397
 H[SHULPHQW RQ ,QGLDQ EDQNQRWHV,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RQ >@ 2PDWX 6 <RVKLRND 0 .RVDND < ³5HOLDEOH EDQNQRWH
'RFXPHQW$QDO\VLVDQG5HFRJQLWLRQ,-'$59RO,VVXHSS FODVVLILFDWLRQ XVLQJ QHXUDO QHWZRUNV´$GYDQFHG (QJLQHHULQJ
 &RPSXWLQJ DQG $SSOLFDWLRQV LQ 6FLHQFHV $'9&203
 7KLUG
>@ %DOODGR$+-&'HOD&UX]*2$YHQGDxR10(FKDQR- ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQSS,(((
( (OOD 0 ( 0 0HGLQD DQG % . & 3DTXL] 3KLOLSSLQH >@ &KKRWX.XPDU$QLO.XPDU'XG\DOD³%DQN1RWH$XWKHQWLFDWLRQ
FXUUHQF\SDSHUELOOFRXQWHUIHLWGHWHFWLRQWKURXJKLPDJHSURFHVVLQJ 8VLQJ 'HFLVLRQ 7UHH UXOHV DQG 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ 7HFKQLTXHV´
XVLQJ &DQQ\ (GJH 7HFKQRORJ\ ,Q+XPDQRLG 1DQRWHFKQRORJ\ ,((( ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ $GYDQFHV LQ &RPSXWHU
,QIRUPDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG &RQWURO (QJLQHHULQJDQG$SSOLFDWLRQV,&$&($0DUFK
(QYLURQPHQW DQG 0DQDJHPHQW +1,&(0 ,QWHUQDWLRQDO >@ 0DQQ0DQLVKD6KXNOD6.*XSWD6KUXWL³$FRPSDUDWLYHVWXG\RQ
&RQIHUHQFHRQSS,((( VHFXULW\ IHDWXUHV RI EDQNQRWHV RI YDULRXV FRXQWULHV´,QWHUQDWLRQDO
>@ .DY\D % 5 DQG 'HYHQGUDQ % ,QGLDQ FXUUHQF\ GHWHFWLRQ DQG -RXUQDO RI 0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ 5HVHDUFK DQG 'HYHORSPHQW 
GHQRPLQDWLRQ XVLQJ 6,)7,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI 6FLHQFH 9ROXPH,VVXH-XQH
(QLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\9RO,VVXHSS >@ $QDKLWD *KD]YLQL -DPLOX $ZZDOX $]XUDOL]D $EX %DNDU
>@ 3UDVDQWKL % 6DL DQG ' 5DMHVK 6HWW\ ,QGLDQ SDSHU FXUUHQF\ ³&RPSDUDWLYH$QDO\VLVRI$OJRULWKPVLQ6XSHUYLVHG&ODVVLILFDWLRQ
DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ V\VWHP²$ TXLFN DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ $ FDVH 6WXG\ RI %DQN 1RWHV 'DWDVHW´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI
V\VWHP,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI 6FLHQWLILF DQG (QJLQHHULQJ &RPSXWHU7UHQGVDQG7HFKQRORJ\,-&77SJQRYROXPH
5HVHDUFK9RO,VVXHSS QXPEHU,6611RY
>@ /DPVDO 6 DQG 6KDN\D $ &RXQWHUIHLW SDSHU EDQNQRWH >@ 0DQLVKD0DQQ6.6KXNOD6KUXWL*XSWD³$FRPSDUDWLYHVWXG\
LGHQWLILFDWLRQEDVHGRQFRORUDQGWH[WXUH3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH,2( RQ VHFXULW\ IHDWXUHV RI EDQNQRWHV RI YDULRXV FRXQWULHV´
*UDGXDWH&RQIHUHQFHSS ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI 0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ 5HVHDUFK DQG
>@ .DPDO6QLJGKD6LQJK6&KDZOD*RHO1DQG%DODVXEUDPDQLDQ 'HYHORSPHQWSJQR9ROXPH,VVXH-XQH
5)HDWXUHH[WUDFWLRQDQGLGHQWLILFDWLRQRI,QGLDQFXUUHQF\QRWHV >@ 1XU 6\KXGD 0RKDPDG %XUDLUDK +XVVLQ $6 6KLEJKDWXOODK
,Q&RPSXWHU 9LVLRQ 3DWWHUQ 5HFRJQLWLRQ ,PDJH 3URFHVVLQJ DQG $6+ %DVDUL ³%DQNQRWH $XWKHQWLFDWLRQ XVLQJ $UWLILFLDO 1HXUDO
*UDSKLFV1&935,3*)LIWK1DWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQSS 1HWZRUN´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6\PSRVLXP RQ 5HVHDUFK LQ ,QQRYDWLRQ
,((( DQG 6XVWDLQDELOLW\ SJ QR  ,661  
>@ $KPHG = <DVPLQ 6 ,VODP 1 DQG $KPHG 5 8 ,PDJH 2FWREHU
SURFHVVLQJ EDVHG )HDWXUH H[WUDFWLRQ RI %DQJODGHVKL EDQNQRWHV >@ 1DGLD ,EUDKLP 1LIH ³3HUIRUPDQFH $QDO\VLV RI 9DULRXV 'DWD
,Q6RIWZDUH .QRZOHGJH ,QIRUPDWLRQ 0DQDJHPHQW DQG 0LQLQJ WHFKQLTXHV RQ %DQNQRWH $XWKHQWLFDWLRQ´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
$SSOLFDWLRQV6.,0$WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQSS -RXUQDORI(QJLQHHULQJ6FLHQFH,QYHQWLRQSJQR9ROXPH
,((( ,VVXH,661RQOLQH)HEUXDU\
>@ 5DKPDQ 6 %DQLN 3 1DKD 6 ³/'$ EDVHG SDSHU FXUUHQF\ >@ 0DVDWR $RED 7HVWVXR .LNXFKL <RVKL\DVX 7DNHIXML ³(XUR
UHFRJQLWLRQV\VWHPXVLQJHGJHKLVWRJUDPGHVFULSWRU´,QWHUQDWLRQDO %DQNQRWH 5HFRJQLWLRQ 6\VWHP XVLQJWKUHHOD\HUHG 3HUFHSWURQ DQG
FRQIHUHQFH RQ &RPSXWHU DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\ ,&&,7 5%)1HWZRUNV´,36-7UDQVDFWLRQVRQ0DWKHPDWLFDO0RGHOLQJDQG
WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQSS,((( LWV DSSOLFDWLRQV SJ QR  9ROXPH  1R 6,* 720 
>@ $NEDU 0 $ZDOXGGLQ $6 3XWUD $$ :LG\DUWR 6 ³2ULJLQDO DQG 0D\
&RXQWHUIHLW 0RQH\ 'HWHFWLRQ %DVHG RQ (GJH 'HWHFWLRQ´ >@ %6DL 3UDVDQWKL '5DMHVK 6HWW\ ³,QGLDQ 3DSHU FXUUHQF\
,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ ,QVWUXPHQWDWLRQ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ V\VWHP $ TXLFN DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ V\VWHP´
,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\DQG%LRPHGLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI 6FLHQWLILFD  (QJLQHHULQJ 5HVHDUFK SJ
>@ 6DQWKDQDP . 6HNDUDQ 6 9DLNXQGDP 6 .XPDUDVDP\ $0 QR  9ROXPH  ,VVXH  ,661  6HSWHPEHU
³&RXQWHUIHLWFXUUHQF\GHWHFWLRQWHFKQLTXHXVLQJLPDJHSURFHVVLQJ 
SRODUL]DWLRQ SULQFLSOH DQG KRORJUDSKLF WHFKQLTXH´ &RPSXWDWLRQDO >@ 0 ) 6DQWRV 3 &RUWH] - 3HUHLUD  + 4XLQWHOD GDWD PLQLQJ
,QWHOOLJHQFH 0RGHOOLQJ DQG 6LPXODWLRQ &,06LP  )LIWK WHFKQLTXHV ³&RUSRUDWH EDQNUXSWF\ SUHGLFWLRQ XVLQJ GDWD PLQLQJ
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQSS,((( WHFKQLTXHV´ 'DWD 0LQLQJ 9,, 'DWD 7H[W DQG :HE 0LQLQJ DQG
>@ 0LU]D 5 1DQGD 9 ³'HVLJQ DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI ,QGLDQ SDSHU WKHLU%XVLQHVV$SSOLFDWLRQV:,77UDQVDFWLRQVRQ,QIRUPDWLRQDQG
FXUUHQF\DXWKHQWLFDWLRQV\VWHPEDVHGRQIHDWXUHH[WUDFWLRQE\HGJH &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJLHV 9RO  ,661  3J 
EDVHGVHJPHQWDWLRQXVLQJ6REHORSHUDWRU´,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI 
(QJLQHHULQJ5HVHDUFKDQG'HYHORSPHQW9RO,VVXHSS 
 

398 2018 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence)