MS 1314: PART 5:2004

MALAYSIAN
STANDARD

PRECAST CONCRETE PILES:

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PART 5: PRECAST PRESTRESSED

CONCRETE SQUARE PILES –
CLASS PC-X, CLASS PC-Y, SMALL PILES
CLASS PCS-1 AND CLASS PCS-2

ICS: 91.100
Descriptors: precast concrete piles, precast prestressed concrete square piles, classifications, sizes
and lengths, permissible tolerances, materials, manufacture, bending strength test,
marking

© Copyright 2004

DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

 DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS

The Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM) is the national standardisation and

accreditation body.

The main function of the Department is to foster and promote standards,

standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national economy,
promoting industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health and safety of
the public, protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and international trade and
furthering international cooperation in relation to standards and standardisation.

Malaysian Standards are developed through consensus by committees which

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comprise of balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others with

relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. To the greatest
extent possible, Malaysian Standards are aligned to or are adoption of international
standards. Approval of a standard as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the
Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 (Act 549). Malaysian Standards are reviewed
periodically. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are
made mandatory by regulatory authorities by means of regulations, local by-laws or
any other similar ways.

The Department of Standards appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop

Malaysian Standards. The Department also appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent for
distribution and sale of Malaysian Standards.

For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:

Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad

Level 1 & 2, Block C4, Parcel C (Company No. 367474 - V)
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62502 Putrajaya P.O. Box 7035, Section 2
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http://www.dsm.gov.my http://www.sirim.my

E-mail: central@dsm.gov.my
 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

CONTENTS

Page

Committee representation……………………….…………………………………….. ii

Foreword………………………………………………………………………………… iii

1 Scope……………….……………………………………………………………………. 1

2 Referenced documents………………………………………………………………… 1

3 Compliance with MS 1314: Part 1…………………………………………………….. 2

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4 Classification………….…………………………………………………………………. 2

5 Sizes and lengths………………………………………………………………………. 2

6 Pile dimensions and tolerances…………..…………………………………………… 4

7 Materials…………………………………………………………………………………. 5

8 Manufacture……………………………………………………………………………… 6

9 Bending strength test…………………………………………………………………… 9

10 Marking…………………………………………………………………………………… 10

Figure 1 Cross-sectional dimensions………………………………………………………... 4

Tables

1 Classification of PC and PCS piles……………………………….………………….. 3

2 Sizes and lengths of PC and PCS piles………………………..……………………. 3

3 Cracking bending moment (Mc) and factor ' f '………………………………………. 10

Appendix A Manufacturing details for precast prestressed concrete square piles……… 12

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

Committee representation

The Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee (ISC D) under whose supervision this Malaysian
Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organizations:

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Construction Industry Development Board, Malaysia
Department of Standards Malaysia
Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Jabatan Perumahan Negara
Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Master Builders Association Malaysia
Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia
Suruhanjaya Tenaga
The Chartered Institute of Building Malaysia
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The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The Technical Committee on Precast Concrete Piles which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of
representatives from the following organisations:

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Cement and Concrete Association of Malaysia
Construction Industry Development Board, Malaysia
Hume Industries (M) Bhd (Representing RC Pile Manufacturers)
IKRAM QA Services Sdn Bhd
Industrial Concrete Products Bhd (Representing Spun Pile Manufacturers)
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Malaysia
Kumpulan IKRAM Sdn Bhd
Master Builders Association Malaysia
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
Stresscon Piling (M) Sdn Bhd (Representing Prestressed Pile Manufacturers)
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
UCP Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd (Representing RC Pile Manufacturers)
Universiti Malaya

The Working Group 4 on Precast Concrete Piles which was established by the Technical Committee to assist in the
development of this Malaysian Standard consists of representatives from the following organisations:

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

IKRAM QA Services Sdn Bhd
Industrial Concrete Products Bhd
Jabatan Kerja Raya
Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor
Perusahaan Konkrit Merdeka Sdn Bhd
Ready Mixed Concrete (M) Sdn Bhd
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
Stresscon Piling (M) Sdn Bhd (Secretariat)
Sun-Block PMI Sdn Bhd
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia

ii
 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

FOREWORD

This Malaysian Standard was jointly developed by the Technical Committee on Precast
Concrete Piles and Working Group 4 on Precast Concrete Piles under the authority of the
Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee.

The precast concrete piles are being classified into various classes in relation to the type of
piles, strength of concrete, amount of reinforcement, cement content and the type of driving.
MS 1314 consists of the following seven parts, under the general title Precast concrete piles.

Part 1: General requirements and specifications

Part 2: Method for determination of bending strength of precast concrete piles (bend test)
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Part 3: Precast reinforced concrete square piles (RC piles) - Class M, Class J and Class
S
Part 4: Precast pretensioned spun concrete piles (Spun piles) - Class A, Class B and
Class C
Part 5: Precast prestressed concrete square piles - Class X, Class Y, small piles Class
PCS-1 and Class PCS-2
Part 6: Small reinforced concrete square piles - Small piles Class RCS-1 and Class
RCS-2
Part 7: Guidelines to the installation and load testing of precast concrete piles

In the revision of MS 1314: Part 1 and MS 1314: Part 2, effort has been taken to merge the
common requirements of the former MS 1314: Part 1: 1993 and MS 1314: Part 2: 1996. The
common requirements are grouped into and specified in Part 1 while the requirements for the
bending test are specified in Part 2.

Parts 3, 4, 5 and 6 are more specific to the design requirements and manufacturing details of
each individual group of classes respectively.

It is necessary for the purchaser to take into account the requirements of specialised codes of
practice and any influences of the construction process.

This Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 1314: Part 1: 1993, Specification for
precast concrete piles: Part 1: Standard design precast concrete piles; and MS 1314: Part 2:
1996, Specification for precast concrete piles: Part 2: Special design small precast concrete
piles.

Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.

iii
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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

PRECAST CONCRETE PILES:

PART 5: PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SQUARE PILES -
CLASS PC-X, CLASS PC-Y, SMALL PILES CLASS PCS-1 AND
CLASS PCS-2

1. Scope
This standard specifies the minimum structural, manufacturing and quality requirements for
the Class PC-X, Class PC-Y, Small piles Class PCS-1 and Class PCS-2 precast prestressed
concrete piles intended to be used in building and civil engineering works.
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However, small piles Class PCS-1 and Class PCS-2, are generally recommended for low-rise
buildings and limited civil engineering works.

2. Referenced documents

The following referenced documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this Malaysian Standard. For dated references, where there are
subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However,
parties to agreements based on this Malaysian Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the referenced documents. For undated
references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.

MS 26 Methods of testing concrete

MS 28 Methods for tests for water for making concrete

MS 29 Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete

MS 30 Methods of testing aggregates

MS 144 Specification for cold reduced mild steel wire for the reinforcement of concrete

MS 146 Specification for hot rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete

MS 522 Specification for Portland cement (ordinary and rapid-hardening)

MS 523 Specification for concrete including ready mixed concrete

MS 922: Part 1 Specification for concrete admixtures: Part 1: Accelerating admixtures,

retarding admixtures and water-reducing admixtures

MS 1037 Specification for sulphate-resisting Portland cement

MS 1314: Part 1 Precast concrete piles: Part 1: General requirements and specifications

MS 1314: Part 2 Precast concrete piles: Part 2: Method for determination of bending
strength of precast concrete piles (bend test)

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

MS 1227 Specification for Portland pulverized-fuel ash cement

MS 1389 Specification for Portland blastfurnace cement

BS 1452 Specification for flake graphite cast iron

BS 4486 Specification for hot rolled and processed high tensile alloy steel bars for the
prestressing of concrete

BS 5896 Specification for high tensile steel wire and strand for the prestressing of
concrete

BS EN 10025 Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels: Technical delivery

conditions
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JIS G 3101 Rolled steel for general structure

JIS G 3137 Small size-deformed steel bars for pretensioned concrete

AS 1310 Steel wire for tendons in prestressed concrete

MS 1138 Specification for uncoated seven-wire stress-relieved strand for prestressed

concrete

ASTM C289 Test method for potential reactivity of aggregates (chemical method)

ASTM C309 Specification for liquid membrane-forming compounds for curing concrete

3. Compliance with MS 1314: Part 1

The requirements for durability, definitions, abbreviations, classification and sizes, sampling,
designation, and marking as specified in MS 1314: Part 1 shall apply.

4. Classification
This standard covers the precast prestressed concrete square piles Class PC-X, Class PC-Y,
small piles Class PCS-1 and Class PCS-2 as shown in Table 1.

5. Sizes and lengths

The standard sizes and lengths for the respective classes are listed in Table 2.

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

Table 1. Classification of PC and PCS piles

Type of pile Class Type of Minimum Minimum Minimum Size range

driving concrete effective cement
strength prestress content
2 2 3
(N/mm ) (N/mm ) (kg/m )

X Hammer 60 5.0 420 200 mm to 450 mm

driven
PC
Y Hammer 60 7.0 420 200 mm to 450 mm
driven

1 Hammer 60 3.5 420 125 mm, 150 mm,

driven 175 mm
PCS
2 Hydraulic 55 3.5 420 125 mm, 150 mm,
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jacking 175 mm, 200 mm

NOTE. Concrete strength means characteristic compressive strength at 28 days.

Table 2. Sizes and lengths of PC and PCS piles

Length of piles
Size Class of (m)
(mm) pile
3 6 9 12 15 18

PCS-1 O O
125

PCS-2 O O

PCS-1 O O
150
PCS-2 O O

PCS-1 O O
175

PCS-2 O O

PCS-2 O O O
200

PC-X O O O O

PC-Y O O O O

PC-X O O O O O
250
PC-Y O O O O O

PC-X O O O O O O
300
PC-Y O O O O O O

PC-X O O O O O O
350

PC-Y O O O O O O

PC-X O O O O O O
400
PC-Y O O O O O O

PC-X O O O O O O
450
PC-Y O O O O O O

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

6. Pile dimensions and tolerances

6.1 Designed pile dimensions

To facilitate demoulding, the top width (b1) of pile should be greater than the bottom width
(b2), but not exceeding 12 mm. The cross-sectional area of pile shall not be less than the
specified for the section with true vertical sides (refer Figure 1).

b1
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Rounded edges

b2
b = nominal size (mm)

Figure 1. Cross-sectional dimensions

6.2 Permissible tolerances of finished product

Piles should be manufactured to the following dimensional tolerances:

a) Pile length Tolerances

up to 12 m ± 25 mm
exceeding 12 m ± 0.3 % of cast length

b) Squareness of pile head

The pile head shall not deviate by more than 5 mm from the plane perpendicular to
the longitudinal axis of pile. The difference/gap between the mild steel plates when
jointed together shall not be more than 5 mm.

c) Straightness

Any face of pile shall not deviate by more than 6 mm from a straight edge 3 m long
laid on the face, and the centroid of any cross-section of the pile shall not deviate by
more than 12 mm from the straight line connecting the centroids of the end faces of
the pile.

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

d) Cross-sectional dimensions

Class Tolerances

PCS -3 mm to +6 mm
PC -6 mm to +10 mm

7. Materials
The materials used in the manufacture of the precast prestressed concrete piles shall comply
with the material specifications or requirements as appropriate.

7.1 General requirements pertaining to material

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Manufacturer’s test certificates for cement, reinforcement and admixture from approved
supplier shall be made available for purchaser’s inspection. Records of materials with
particular reference to manufacturer’s source, quantities, date, test results, pile reference
numbers, etc. shall be documented and should be made available for purchaser inspection by
the manufacturer. Frequency of all the required tests for quality control purposes are specified
in Table 3 of MS 1314: Part 1.

7.2 Cement

The cement used shall comply with either:

a) MS 522 for ordinary Portland cement and rapid-hardening Portland cement;

b) MS 1037 for sulphate resisting Portland cement;

c) MS 1227 for Portland pulverized-fuel ash cement; or

d) MS 1389 for Portland blast furnace cement.

7.3 Reinforcing steel

Reinforcing steel shall consist of bars, wires, or strands complying with the following
standards, as appropriate:

a) MS 146 for hot rolled steel bars;

b) MS 144 for cold reduced mild steel wires; and
c) JIS G 3137 or BS 4486, BS 5896 or AS 1310, MS 1138, or equivalent for prestressing
steel.

A certificate of conformance is required for every delivery of reinforcement.

7.4 Aggregates

The coarse and fine aggregates shall be clean, durable and shall comply with MS 29.
Nominal maximum size of aggregate shall be 20 mm.

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

Samples of each batch of aggregates shall be tested to MS 30. Alkali-silica reaction tests
(ASTM C289-81) for coarse aggregate shall also be carried out. Aggregates that are
subjected to alkali-silica reaction shall not be used.

7.5 Water

Water shall be free from harmful amounts of matter detrimental to concrete and its
reinforcement and shall comply with MS 28.

7.6 Admixtures

Admixtures when used shall comply with MS 922: Part 1.

Admixtures containing chloride shall not be used.

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Certificate of conformance is required for every purchase of the admixtures. The following
conditions should also be followed:

a) For all concrete mixes, admixtures shall only be used where specified or agreed with the
purchaser.

b) Where admixtures are used, the following information shall be declared by the
manufacturer:

i) the types of admixtures used;

ii) the admixtures requirements with regard to the recognised national/international

standard; and

iii) the amount of admixtures added.

c) Solid and liquid admixtures shall be batched either by weight or by volume.

7.7 Mild steel plate

Mild steel plates shall comply with BS EN 10025 (Grade S275) or equivalent.

8. Manufacture
8.1 Supervision

All tests and inspections as listed in Table 4 of MS 1314: Part 1, should be supervised by
engineers or experienced technicians. Maintenance and calibration of all mixing and
measuring plants should be carried out regularly according to their schedule under their
supervision. Production and transporting of concrete shall be in accordance with MS 523.

8.2 Manufacturing detail

The basic structural requirements for precast prestressed concrete square piles are as
specified in Appendix A.

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

8.3 Concrete

The concrete shall be sampled and tested in accordance with MS 26. The concrete mixes
shall be designed and verified by trial mixes. The concrete mix should be designed to have a
target mean strength greater than the required characteristic strength by a minimum margin of
1.64s, where s is the standard deviation. In the absence of detailed statistical data, standard
2
deviation of 5.5 N/mm should be used. The aggregates, cement and water shall be
proportion batched by calibrated device and mixed thoroughly by suitable mixing plant to
produce a consistent, homogeneous concrete and strength as specified or requested by the
purchaser.

The piles should be cast in a continuous operation. The concrete should be thoroughly
compacted against moulds and around reinforcement by means of immersed and/or shutter
vibrations. After completion, care should be taken to ensure that vibration from adjoining work
does not affect the previously placed concrete during the setting time period. Great care
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should be taken so that the specified cover is preserved.

8.4 Mould

Moulds used in manufacture shall be sufficiently rigid and accurate to maintain the pile
dimensions within the tolerances given in Clause 6. All casting surfaces should be of smooth
non-porous material.

8.5 Reinforcement

The prestressing reinforcement shall be fitted symmetrically, equally and continuously spread
over the whole length without joint or lap. Concrete spacing blocks or equivalent, where
needed should be made of mortar comparable in strength and durability with the main
concrete or other equivalent material. Lateral reinforcement in the form of hoops, links, or
spirals should be firmly fixed to the reinforcement bars. After transfer of prestress, the
prestressing tendons should be cut off flush with the face of the concrete or pile shoe.

The minimum prestressing reinforcement requirements for various classes of piles are shown
in Appendix A.

8.6 Joint

Welded mild steel plate pile joints or mechanical pile joints shall have a strength to take
compression, bending, tension, shear and torsion during driving or jacking and in service and
not less than in all respects to that of the pile section joined. Welded mild steel plate joints
should be able to take the effect of repeated impact of driving and the effect of heat due to
welding. The difference/gap between the mild steel plates when jointed together should not
be more than 5 mm. The minimum thickness of mild steel plate and details of centering bar as
in Appendix A shall apply.

The length of anchor bars at the joint plate shall be a minimum of 100 times the size of the
main reinforcement for wire and 65 times the size of the main reinforcement for strand or
crimped wire.

A mild steel skirt plate of not less than 1.5 mm thick and 50 mm high around the edges of the
joint plate should be provided. The strength of pile joint should be checked by the bending
strength test as specified in Clause 9.

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

8.7 Pile shoes

Proper pile shoes of cast iron and or fabricated steel plate should be provided to protect and
reinforce the tip of the pile where soil conditions require or as required by the purchaser. The
shoe, where applicable, should have a small hole to allow trapped air and water to escape
during casting of the pile. The area of the top of the shoe should be such that the stress in the
concrete in this part of concrete is within the safe limits.

The pile shoes shall comply with the following where applicable:

a) chilled-hardened cast iron shoe as used for making grey casting to BS 1452, Grade 10; or

b) mild steel to BS EN 10025, Grade S275 or JIS G 3101, Grade SS 41.

Pile shoes such as flat mild steel plates, pointed coaxial cast or “Oslo” point, rock shoes or
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equivalent shall be designed to withstand the expected driving stresses.

8.8 Transfer of prestress

2
The minimum concrete strength at transfer of prestress should be 28 N/mm for strand or
2
crimped wire and 35 N/mm for plain or indented wire. The attainment of the required
concrete strength should be verified by testing test cubes which are cast and stored under the
same conditions as the piles.

The prestress tendons at transfer should be gradually and completely released before the
tendons are cut. Sudden release by cutting or other means causing sudden transfer results in
greatly increased bond-lengths and should not be allowed.

8.9 Curing

Piles shall be cured for a sufficient length of time so that the concrete will develop the
minimum compressive strength as required in the design for handling, pitching and driving
stresses. The piles shall be subjected to any of the following methods of curing or
combination thereof:

a) accelerated curing with either low-pressure steam or radiant heat in a moist atmosphere;

b) water curing by covering with water saturated material for a minimum period of three
days;

c) membrane curing with sealing membrane applied to restrict loss of water exceeding 0.055
2
g/cm of surface in 72 h. The sealing membrane shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM C309 or other equivalent standards; and

d) high pressure and temperature steam curing, i.e. autoclave curing.

Effective curing to prevent development of high temperature gradient within the concrete
should be carried out. Freshly cast piles should be protected, for a minimum of three days
after casting, from sudden changes of temperature and humidity by shading and covering
from hot sun or cold winds, or watering to ensure the concrete remains humid.

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

8.10 Handling

8.10.1 Lifting

Lifting hooks or equivalent shall be provided in each pile for the purpose of handling. Lifting
device or crane should be such that no shock or impact will be imposed on the piles.

8.10.2 Storage

Care should be taken at all stages of transporting, lifting and handling to ensure that the piles
are not damaged or cracked. Piles should be stored on firm and stable ground not liable to
settlement under the weight of piles. The piles should be placed on strong supports, which
are truly level and spaced so as to avoid undue bending stresses in the piles. The supports
should be placed vertically one above the another.
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8.10.3 Transportation and delivery

The method of handling or lifting during transportation and delivery shall be such that the piles
are not damaged.

8.10.4 Pitching and driving/hydraulic jacking

Piles shall only be pitched and driven/jacked after the specified concrete strength has been
achieved.

9. Bending strength test

The bending strength test for pile and pile joint shall be carried out in accordance with MS
1314: Part 2 and Clauses 5 and 8 of MS 1314: Part 1.

The calculated cracking bending moment (Mc) for crack width of 0.1 mm and the
multiplication factor ' f ' for respective classes of piles are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Cracking bending moment (Mc) and factor ' f '

Minimum Minimum Cracking

Size
Class Concrete effective bending
(mm) Factor ' f '
of pile strength prestress moment, Mc
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (kNm)

125 PCS-1 60 3.5 2.9 1.5

PCS-2 55 3.5 2.9 1.5

150 PCS-1 60 3.5 4.9 1.5

55 3.5 1.5 1.5

PCS-2

175 PCS-1 60 3.5 7.8 1.5

PCS-2 55 3.5 7.8 1.5

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

Table 3. Cracking bending moment (Mc) and factor ‘f ’ (continued)

Minimum Minimum Cracking

Size
Class concrete effective bending
(mm) Factor ' f '
of pile strength prestress moment, Mc
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (kNm)

200 PCS-2 55 3.5 11.7 1.5

PC-X 60 5.0 13.7 1.5

PC-Y 60 7.0 16.4 1.7

250 PC-X 60 5.0 26.5 1.5

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PC-Y 60 7.0 31.7 1.7

300 PC-X 60 5.0 45.2 1.5

PC-Y 60 7.0 54.2 1.7

350 PC-X 60 5.0 70.9 1.5

PC-Y 60 7.0 85.2 1.7

PC-X 60 5.0 104.5 1.5

400
PC-Y 60 7.0 125.9 1.7

PC-X 60 5.0 147.0 1.5

450
PC-Y 60 7.0 177.4 1.7

10. Marking

The following information shall be clearly marked on each piece of pile:

a) manufacturer’s name, registered trademark/logo;

b) pile designation (refer Clause 9 of MS 1314: Part 1);

c) the day, month and year of casting of pile;

d) pile reference number (including address of factory);

e) the lifting points (if any) should be clearly indicated;

f) the pitching marks should be clearly indicated; and

g) type of driving (for hydraulic jacking only).

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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

The marking shall be indented or painted thereon with waterproof paint.

Example of a typical marking on a pile:

** ABC Pile - manufacturer’s name or trademark
MS 1314: Part 5: Class PC-X 300 mm x 300 mm x 9 m - pile designation
26-08-03 - date of casting
A001S - pile reference no., S = Selangor

The interpretation of this typical marking is “claimed by manufacturer ABC to comply with the
requirements of this Malaysian Standard Class PC-X pile and casted at the Selangor factory
th
on 26 August, 2003 with reference number A001S”.
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 MS 1314: PART 5:2004

Appendix A
(normative)

Manufacturing details for precast prestressed concrete square piles

Type and class Class PC-X Class PC-Y Class PCS-1 Class PCS-2
of piles
/requirements

1 Minimum 60 N/mm2 60 N/mm2 60 N/mm2 55 N/mm2

concrete strength
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2 Minimum cement 420 kg/m3

content

3 Minimum 5.0 N/mm2 7.0 N/mm2 3.5 N/mm2

effective
prestress

4 Lateral
reinforcement
• at pile ends Min. bar size of 6 mm diameter with the volume of not Min. bar size of 4 mm Min. bar size of 4 mm
less than 0.6 % of pile volume over distance of 3 x pile diameter at 40 mm spacing diameter at 50 mm
width size from each end over distance of 5 x pile width spacing over distance of
size from each end 3 x pile width size from
each end

• at pile body Spacing not exceeding 120 mm Spacing not exceeding 100 Spacing not exceeding
mm 100 mm

Note. Spacing of lateral reinforcement shall be gradually changed from pile head/toe to pile body.

5 Minimum clear 30 mm for pile size 200 mm

cover to all 20 mm
reinforcement
40 mm for pile size 250 mm and above

6 Minimum 12 mm for pile size 200 mm 6 mm for pile size 125 mm

thickness of mild
steel plate for
joint
15 mm for pile size 250 mm and above 8 mm for pile size 150 mm, 175 mm and 200 mm

7 Permissible A mild steel skirt plate of not less than 1.5 mm thick and 50 mm high around the edges of the joint plate should be
perimeter skirting provided.

Min Protruded Bar size Min Protruded Bar size

8 Centering bar Pile size Pile size
anchorage length (dia) anchorage length (dia)
250 mm 30 mm 30 mm 20 mm 125 mm
200 mm 100 mm 32 mm and
above 50 mm 50 mm 25 mm 150 mm

70 mm 70 mm 25 mm 175 mm
200 mm 100 mm 25 mm 200 mm
100 mm 100 mm 25 mm 200 mm

9 Nominal sizes 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm, 350 mm, 400 mm and 125 mm, 150 mm and 125 mm, 150 mm,
450 mm 175 mm 175 mm and 200 mm

12
 Acknowledgements
Technical Committee on Precast Concrete Piles:

Tuan Haji Yahya Haji Ariffin (Chairman), Puan Salbiah Yaakop (Secretary), Cik Inderjeet
Kaur, Encik Ng Kim Hoy, Ir Soo Thong Phor, Encik Wan Ahmad Jailani Wan Mahmud, Puan
Raja Nor Siha Raja Abdul Hanan, Ir M. Sugumaran, Ir Hooi Wing Chuen, Ir Leow Ket Won, Ir
Abdullah Abdul Wahab, Ir Yue Kam Fatt, Ir Yap Keam Min, Dr Helmi Mahmud, Ir Elias Ismail,
Encik Gerald Sundaraj, Ir Tan Geem Eng, Encik Loh Zhi Ming, Encik Azman Idris, Ir A.
Letchumanan, Puan Norma Norman, Puan Normala Hassan, Dr H.M. Abdul Aziz K.M.
Hanifah, Dr Ir Ismail Mohamed Taib, Ir M. Ramuseren.

Working Group 4 on Precast Concrete Piles:

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Ir Yap Keam Min (Chairman), Encik Loh Zhi Ming (Secretary), Tuan Haji Yahya Haji Ariffin, Dr
H.M. Abdul Aziz K.M. Hanifah, Encik Azmi Musa, Ir Leow Ket Won, Ir Dr Jeffrey Chiang, Ir
Tan Cheow Watt, Ir Chow Sze Cheng, Ir Yue Kam Fatt, Ir Ng Heow Tiam, Encik Abdul Halim
Samad, Encik Hugh England and Encik Lim Liong Chu.