Chapter 1 Edited

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
The growing economy of the Philippines has paved the way for the
construction of tall buildings, specifically in Cagayan de Oro City. Many of the
constructed structures in the said city are made of ordinary surrounding
frameworks. Growing number of tall buildings in the city is increasing in order
to meet the rise of the population and to meet the demand of the economy.
When the height of the structure increases the consideration of lateral
load is important. So when it comes on resisting lateral loads, a more effective
framing system should be considered. With the advancement of construction
methodology, a more efficient framing system was developed. This framing
system is known as Diagrid Framing System.

In present, more diagrid structures were constructed due to its
structural effectiveness and aesthetics. Among these structures which utilize
the diagrid frameworks are Wageningen University and Research Center,
Atlas Building located in Netherlands, Poly Real Estate Headquarters in
China, Yellow Building in London, O-14 Tower in Dubai and Doha Tower in
Qatar.
In this study, differentiation of Conventional Framing System and
Concrete Diagrid Framing System were recognized by the researchers. The
building subject chosen was Cagayan de Oro National High School due to the
availability of its plans and its being a multi-storey structure.
1.1 Background of the Study

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Diagrid framing system is the array of triangles formed as a framework.
The said framework eliminates vertical columns where its diagonals form
provides shear and bending stiffness.
Compare to Conventional Framing System, Diagrid Framing System is
more effective in minimizing shear deformations. Other than that, diagrid
structures have a good appearance and its configuration and efficiency
reduces the structural elements needed on the façade of the building.
Diagrid systems can be considered as the transformation of braced
tube structures, as its perimeter configuration holds in preserving the
maximum bending resistance and rigidity. Diagrid structures’ diagonal
members act both as incline column and as bracing elements that can contain
both gravity loads as well as lateral forces.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
As the government promotes the “Build Build Program” of the
President, designers considers the advance framing system to apply on the
structure. This is the place where Diagrid Framing system comes in.
The target of this study is to distinguish if the Diagrid Framing system
can be apply to the structures in the Philippines. As the government promotes
the “Build Build” program, with the increasing number of structures, the
planners considers the fact that the nation is situated in the Pacific Ring of
Fire. These natural disasters pose a threat to the structures in the country.
The Diagrid Framing system gives a greater protection from lateral loads. The
researchers subjected the Junior City High School’s conventional framing

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system and the proposed Concrete Diagrid framing system and validation to
its requirements to lateral resistance from its structural analysis, and
economics.
1.3 Objectives
This study considered several objectives for its accomplishment and
success. Hence, the objectives are to wit:
1. To compare concrete diagrid structure with conventional frame
structures.
2. To study the response of structures such as the different forces acting
between the two framing structures, the storey drift and the economy.
3. To study the response of structures by varying the building height and
the total weight of the two framing structures.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The number one priority is safety when it comes to construction and
occupancy of structures most especially that the structure analysed under this
study was a school building.
This study is important to know if the diagrid framing system increases
its resistance to lateral loads. The resistance of lateral loads indicates the
structure can withstand with great seismic waves. In a sense, it makes
occupancies rest assured that the building is safe.

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The comparison of these two framing system which are the Diagrid and
Conventional Framing System really contributes the progress development of
the construction industry and structural field of Civil Engineering.
The researchers hope that the information provided at the end of this
study can be used by the local government as reference in the future plans.
1.5 Scope and Limitations
The examination was limited to the determination of points of interest of
Concrete Diagrid Framing System.
It will focus on the confining arrangement of the said structure. The
Structural Analysis and Design Software (STAAD.Pro) will be used for
modelling and analysis of structural members.Moreover, Computer Aided
Design (AutoCAD) program software will also be used in subtle elements and
determinations of concrete connections.
The National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015)will
be the reference for construction laws and particulars. It will focus on building
as a solid precedent to think about the performance and total weight of the
Conventional Framing System and the Concrete Diagrid Framing System.

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1.6 Conceptual Framework
PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION
DATA GATHERING
INTERNET BUILDING NSCP 2015

SOURCES
RRL (REVIEW BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS,

RELATED SPECIFICATIONS STANDARDS AND
LITERATURE CODES
DESIGN OF CONCRETE DIAGRID

FRAMING COUNTERPART OF THE
SUBJECT BUILDING
STAAD PRO ANALYSIS OF THE

DIAGRID FRAMING
COMPARING COVENTIONAL AND

DIAGRID FRAMING ANALYSIS
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS

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construction of tall buildings, specifically in Cagayan de Oro City. Many of the

constructed structures in the said city are made of ordinary surrounding

frameworks. Growing number of tall buildings in the city is increasing in order

load is important. So when it comes on resisting lateral loads, a more effective

framing system should be considered. With the advancement of construction

methodology, a more efficient framing system was developed. This framing

system is known as Diagrid Framing System.

structural effectiveness and aesthetics. Among these structures which utilize

the diagrid frameworks are Wageningen University and Research Center,

Atlas Building located in Netherlands, Poly Real Estate Headquarters in

Concrete Diagrid Framing System were recognized by the researchers. The

availability of its plans and its being a multi-storey structure.

1.1 Background of the Study

Diagrid framing system is the array of triangles formed as a framework.

provides shear and bending stiffness.

Compare to Conventional Framing System, Diagrid Framing System is

more effective in minimizing shear deformations. Other than that, diagrid

structures have a good appearance and its configuration and efficiency

reduces the structural elements needed on the façade of the building.

Diagrid systems can be considered as the transformation of braced

tube structures, as its perimeter configuration holds in preserving the

maximum bending resistance and rigidity. Diagrid structures’ diagonal

both gravity loads as well as lateral forces.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

As the government promotes the “Build Build Program” of the

President, designers considers the advance framing system to apply on the

The target of this study is to distinguish if the Diagrid Framing system

can be apply to the structures in the Philippines. As the government promotes

researchers subjected the Junior City High School’s conventional framing

its requirements to lateral resistance from its structural analysis, and

This study considered several objectives for its accomplishment and

success. Hence, the objectives are to wit:

1. To compare concrete diagrid structure with conventional frame

the total weight of the two framing structures.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The number one priority is safety when it comes to construction and

study was a school building.

This study is important to know if the diagrid framing system increases

structure can withstand with great seismic waves. In a sense, it makes

occupancies rest assured that the building is safe.

Conventional Framing System really contributes the progress development of

the construction industry and structural field of Civil Engineering.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

The examination was limited to the determination of points of interest of

Concrete Diagrid Framing System.

It will focus on the confining arrangement of the said structure. The

Structural Analysis and Design Software (STAAD.Pro) will be used for

modelling and analysis of structural members.Moreover, Computer Aided

determinations of concrete connections.

The National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015)will

Conventional Framing System and the Concrete Diagrid Framing System.

1.6 Conceptual Framework

INTERNET BUILDING NSCP 2015

RRL (REVIEW BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS,

DESIGN OF CONCRETE DIAGRID

STAAD PRO ANALYSIS OF THE

COMPARING COVENTIONAL AND

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