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    Animation: Prepared By: Haval Akrawi

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    Muhammad Yusif Abdulrahman
    The document provides an overview of animation, including its definition, history, and techniques. It discusses animation's definition as the rapid display of images to create an illusion of movement. The history section outlines important developments from ancient times through modern computer animation. Key animation techniques covered are cell animation, stop motion, and computer generated animation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Animation: Prepared By: Haval Akrawi

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Yusif Abdulrahman
    142 views30 pages
    The document provides an overview of animation, including its definition, history, and techniques. It discusses animation's definition as the rapid display of images to create an illusion of movement. The history section outlines important developments from ancient times through modern computer animation. Key animation techniques covered are cell animation, stop motion, and computer generated animation.

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    Animation

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    The document provides an overview of animation, including its definition, history, and techniques. It discusses animation's definition as the rapid display of images to create an illusion of movement. The history section outlines important developments from ancient times through modern computer animation. Key animation techniques covered are cell animation, stop motion, and computer generated animation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    142 views30 pages

    Animation: Prepared By: Haval Akrawi

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Yusif Abdulrahman
    The document provides an overview of animation, including its definition, history, and techniques. It discusses animation's definition as the rapid display of images to create an illusion of movement. The history section outlines important developments from ancient times through modern computer animation. Key animation techniques covered are cell animation, stop motion, and computer generated animation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Animation

    Prepared by: Haval Akrawi


    Topics Covered
    1. Animation Definition
    2. Animation History
    3. Types Techniques of Animations
    4. Animation Terms

    Haval Akrawi
    1.Animation Definition
    Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork
    or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement. It is an optical
    illusion of motion due to the phenomenon of persistence of vision, and can be
    created and demonstrated in a number of ways. The most common method of
    presenting animation is as a motion picture or video program, although several
    other forms of presenting animation also exist.

    Haval Akrawi
    2. Animation History
    Ancient Animation 1837-1901
    ? AD 0 BC
    Around the
    Victorian Era,
    games such as the
    Zoetrope,
    Thaumatrope and
    Flip Book became
    The earliest popular. These
    examples of were simple
    “animation” come devices that, when
    from Palaeolithic moved in their
    cave paintings and individual way,
    pottery/wall would produce a
    decorations from basic animation.
    as far back as 5,200
    Haval Akrawi years ago.
    1889 1906

    J. Stuart Blackton makes the


    first animated film which he
    Emile Reynaud patents the called "Humorous phases of
    praxinoscope. This is a funny faces." His method was
    device that used mirrors to to draw comical faces on a
    project a sequence of blackboard and film them. This
    images onto a screen. The allowed the facial expressions
    infinite tape length to change before the viewer’s
    changed the medium of eyes.
    animation from a curiosity
    into entertainment.

    Haval Akrawi
    1914 1923

    Earl Hurd applies for a patent for the process


    of cel animation. This is the technique of
    drawing the animated portion of an
    animation on a clear celluloid sheet and later
    photographing it with its matching
    background.

    Walt and Roy Disney create Disney


    Brothers Cartoon Studio.
    Haval Akrawi
    1928 1930

    The motion picture The King Of Jazz features


    an animated prologue by Walter Lantz. It is
    the first animation to be done in two strip
    Technicolor. Technicolor is a process of
    colouring that revolutionised both film and
    animation.

    Walt Disney releases "Steamboat Willie”. This was one of


    the earliest cartoons to have sound. Disney
    revolutionised cartoons and turned them into a
    mainstream form of entertainment. The company’s
    innovations over the following decades include the
    storyboard, pencil tests, and the multi-plane camera
    stand.
    Haval Akrawi
    1930’s 1934

    Several notable
    cartoon characters are
    created including:
    Betty Boop, Popeye,
    Porky Pig, Daffy Duck,
    and Bugs Bunny.

    Urb Irwek and Disney


    create the multi-plane
    camera. This camera
    captures animation in 3D
    by photographing several
    layers of overlapping cells.
    Haval Akrawi
    1964 1976

    The feature film Futureworld,


    sequel to the 1973 Westworld,
    is the first film to feature CGI
    by making use of a computer-
    generated hand and face
    created by then University of
    Ken Knowlton,
    Utah graduate students Edwin
    working at Bell
    Catmull and Fred Parke.
    Laboratories,
    Catmull would eventually end
    started
    up as one of the three
    developing
    founders of Pixar and is the
    computer
    current president of Walt
    techniques for
    Disney Animation Studios and
    producing
    Pixar.
    animated movies.
    Haval Akrawi
    1986 1995

    The computer graphics division of George


    Lucas’s company Lucasfilm, Ltd. is purchased
    by Steve Jobs for $10million and established
    along with Catmull and ex-Disney animator
    John Lasseter as Pixar Animation Films, a
    company that is famous for their CGI feature
    films and shorts to this day.

    Disney/Pixar’s first film Toy Story becomes the


    first feature length film to be made entirely of
    Haval Akrawi CGI.
    3. Types Techniques of Animations
    a. Cell Animation
    DEFINITION: The process of first drawing each frame of animation onto paper, then
    transferring these to transparent acetate sheets (cells, short for celluloid). Colour is then
    added on the reverse of the cell. Layers are built up to create dimension.

    The cells are individually photographed


    onto film by a rostrum camera.

    Haval Akrawi
    Cell Animation cont.…
    Notable examples include the motion
    The traditional
    pictures: Pinocchio, The Lion King, Beauty and
    method of cell
    the Beast, Iron Giant, Cats Don’t Dance, and
    animation (hand
    TV programs: SpongeBob Squarepants, The
    drawn and coloured)
    Fairly OddParents...
    is now obsolete due
    to new technologies.
    “Tradigital” can be
    used to describe
    traditional
    animation that uses
    technology, for
    instance, in the
    colouring process.

    Haval Akrawi
    Cell Animation Variations
    Live Action/Animation: combining live
    action footage with cell animations e.g.
    Space Jam, Who Framed Roger Rabbit...

    Rotoscoping: the process of tracing live action


    footage and turning it into cell animation. This is a
    technique to achieve realistic animation and used
    greatly by Disney

    Haval Akrawi
    b. Stop Motion Animation
    Definition: the process of animating physical
    objects as opposed to images.

    The object is photographed, moved slightly,


    then photographed again and so on...

    Haval Akrawi
    Stop Motion Animation cont...
    Stop motion animation can take
    the form of:
    • Puppets
    • Clay/Plasticine models
    • Inanimate objects
    • Cut-outs (2D objects),
    photographs etc...
    • Silhouettes
    • Humans (Pixilation)

    Haval Akrawi
    Stop Motion Animation cont...
    Notable examples include: Wallace and Gromit, Pingu and
    Bagpuss as well as many recent advertisements and music
    videos...

    Haval Akrawi
    c. Computer Generated Animation
    Definition: any animation (2D, 3D) that has been created with the aid of computer software.

    3D:
    2D: • Objects are made by first
    • Created using creating a “rigging mesh”
    bitmap or vector •As well as this the animator
    graphics uses gravity, particle and
    • Used for flash texture simulations to create
    animation and realistic animations
    PowerPoint • Actors can also wear suits
    animation as well with sensors on which
    as some 2D copies their movements to
    cartoons computer

    Haval Akrawi
    Computer Animation cont...
    Notable examples of computer animation include: Avatar, The Polar Express and, of course, any film
    by Pixar...

    Haval Akrawi
    4. Animation Terms
    Still remember these animation terms ???

    Keyframe
    Tweening
    Onion Skinning
    Frame by Frame
    Frame Rate

    Haval Akrawi
    MPT1383: VIDEO & ANIMATION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTION

    animation terms: KEYFRAME


    A set of parameters defining a point in a animation.
    For example a key frame may define a picture size, position and rotation.
    Any digital effect must have a minimum of two key frames, start and finish, although more complex moves
    will use more.

    Haval Akrawi
    animation terms: TWEENING
    "Tween" is actually short for "in-between", and refers to the creation of successive frames of animation
    between key frames.
    The process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that the first
    image evolves smoothly into the second image.

    Keyframe 1 Keyframe 2

    Haval Akrawi
    animation terms: TWEENING

    Haval Akrawi
    animation terms: TWEENING
    Tweening in Adobe Flash ?

    In computer animation, the term is most commonly used for Flash's "shape tweening" and "motion
    tweening" processes where the user can define two key frames and Flash will automatically create
    the in-between frames, either morphing one shape into another over a set period of time or else
    moving a shape or shapes from point A to point B over a set period of time.

    Haval Akrawi
    animation terms: TWEENING
    Tweening in Adobe Flash Example:

    1ST cell Final cell

    Inbetween or tweening

    Haval Akrawi
    animation terms: ONION SKINNING
    Onion skinning is a term for a technique used in creating animated cartoons and editing movies to see
    several frames at once.
    This way, the animator can take decisions on how to create or change an image based on the previous
    image in the sequence.

    Haval Akrawi
    animation terms: FRAME BY FRAME
    In animation, a "frame" is a single complete image out of the sequence of images comprising an
    animation.
    Taken alone, the frame is just a drawing - a piece of art. When sequenced with other drawings, it
    becomes an animation frame.

    Haval Akrawi
    animation terms: FRAME BY FRAME
    Frame by frame animation is an animation technique to make a physically manipulated object
    appear to move on its own.
    The object is moved by small amounts between individually photographed frames, creating the
    illusion of movement when the series of frames are played as a continuous sequence.

    Traditional frame by frame animation…

    Haval Akrawi
    animation terms: FRAME BY FRAME

    Haval Akrawi
    animation terms: FRAME RATE
    Frame rate is the measurement of the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device
    produces unique consecutive images called frames.
    Frame rate is most often expressed in frames per second (fps).

    Frame rate for movie or video ?


    ◦ 24 – 30 fps (WHY...?)

    Frame rate for animation; view on television or as video presentation) ?


    ◦ 24 – 30 fps

    Haval Akrawi
    animation terms: FRAME RATE
    Frame rate for digital animation ?
    ◦ Computer or digital animation will funtion smoothly when using frame rate between 12 to 15 frames per
    second (12 –15 fps).
    ◦ If we used less from that value, animation that produced will be stucks/slow and human eyes can see
    differences when frames changing between one image to another image.

    Haval Akrawi

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