Fundamentals of Information Systems: Media A. Ibrahim MSC: Software Engineering Ise Department Media - Ibrahim@Epu - Edu.Iq

Fundamentals Of Information Systems
Media A. Ibrahim
MSc: Software Engineering
ISE Department
Media.Ibrahim@epu.edu.iq
2019-2020
1
Introduction of information systems
-An overview of information systems.
-IS components.
- Types of information systems.
2
Outlines
• Data, Information, and Knowledge.
• The Characteristics of Valuable Information.
• Defining System.
• Defining Information System.
• The Components of a Computer-Based Information System.
• Types of IS.
• Defining Information Technology.
• IS Vs IT.
3
Data, Information, and Knowledge
Data Information Process Knowledge

• Raw facts: • Collection of • Set of logically • Awareness and
employee facts organized related tasks understanding
number, total in such a way of a set of
hours worked in that they have information
a week value beyond
the facts
themselves
• E.g. total
monthly sales
4
Data, Information, and Knowledge (continued)
Figure 1-1
Types of data
5
Data, Information, and Knowledge (continued)
Figure 1-3
The process of transforming data in to information
The
transformation
process(applyin
g knowledge by
Data Information
selecting,
organizing, and
manipulating
data)
6
The Characteristics of Valuable Information
If an organization’s information is not accurate or complete:

• People can make poor decisions, costing thousands, or even millions, of dollars
• So organizations need to recognize the characteristics of valuable data as follows:
Figure 1-4: Characteristics of valuable data
7
The Characteristics of Valuable Information (continued)
8
Defining System
• A system can be defined as a collection of

components that work together toward a common
goal.
Src: Google Image
9
Information System
An information system(IS) is typically considered to be a set of
interrelated elements or components that collect(input),
manipulate(processes), and disseminate (output) data and
information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an
objective.
10
Input, Processing, Output, Feedback
Input
• Activity of gathering and capturing raw data. For example, the number of hours every
employee works must be collected before paychecks can be calculated or printed.
Processing
• Converting data into useful outputs. Processing can involve making calculations,
comparing data and taking alternative actions, and storing data for future use.
Processing data into useful information is critical in business settings.
Output
• Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports. Outputs
can include paychecks for employees, reports for managers.
Feedback
• Information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing
activities. A furniture manager could use this feedback to decide to order more wood
from a supplier. These new inventory orders then become input to the system.
11
Computer-Based Information Systems
Figure 1-6 The Components of a

-Technology infrastructure Computer-Based Information System
Includes all hardware,

software, databases,
telecommunications,
people, and procedures
-Configured to collect,
manipulate, store, and
process data into
information
12
Computer-Based Information Systems (continued)
• Consists of computer equipment used to perform

input, processing, and output activities. Input devices
Hardware include keyboards, mice, and other pointing devices;
automatic scanning devices; and equipment that can
read magnetic ink characters.
• Consists of the computer programs that govern the
operation of the computer. The two types of software
are system software, such as Microsoft Windows Vista
and Windows 7, which controls basic computer
Software
operations, including start-up and printing, and
applications software, such as Microsoft Office 2010,
which allows you to accomplish specific tasks,
including word processing or tabulating numbers.
13
• Organized collection of facts and information, typically

Database consisting of two or more related data files.
Telecommunications • The electronic transmission of signals for communications.

networks, and the Telecommunications can take place through wired, wireless,
Internet and satellite transmissions
14
• Connect computers and equipment to enable

Networks
electronic communication.
• World’s largest computer network, consisting

Internet of thousands of interconnected networks, all
freely exchanging information
15
• Internal network that allows people within

Intranet an organization to exchange information and
work on projects
• Network that allows selected outsiders, such

Extranet as business partners and customers, to access
authorized resources of a company’s intranet
16
• The most important element in most

People
computer-based information systems
• Include strategies, policies, methods, and

Procedures
rules for using the CBIS
17
Types of IS
•Transaction Processing Systems
•Management Information Systems
•Decision Support Systems
•Expert Systems
18
Transaction Processing Systems
• A transaction is a record of an event that signifies a business
exchange
• A transaction processing system is a basic business system that
support the functions of
• Recording
• Monitoring
• Evaluating
• the basic activities of the business
19
Example: Amazon.com Order Processing System
20
Management Information Systems
 MIS: summarize & report on the basic operations of a company
21
Decision Support Systems
 DSS: provide data & models interactively to support semi-
structured problem solving
22
Expert Systems
• Solve problems that require expertise

• Use facts and reasoning (rules of thumb)
• Explain what it knows and its reasoning process
3 components:
• Knowledge base
• Inference engine
• User interface
23
Information Technologies
Information Technologies are systems of hardware
and/or software that capture, process, exchange, store
and/or present information using electrical, magnetic
and/or electromagnetic energy.
24
IS Vs IT Payroll
System
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY Inventory
System
Hardware
Software are used to build
INFORMATION
Databases SYSTEMS
Networks
Marketing
Other related System
components
Customer
Service
System
25
Conclusion
• An information system is defined as the software that helps
organize and analyze data. So, the purpose of an information
system is to turn raw data into useful information that can be
used for decision making in an organization
26

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Fundamentals Of Information Systems

Data Information Process Knowledge

If an organization’s information is not accurate or complete:

Figure 1-4: Characteristics of valuable data

• A system can be defined as a collection of

Src: Google Image

Figure 1-6 The Components of a

Includes all hardware,

• Consists of computer equipment used to perform

• Organized collection of facts and information, typically

Telecommunications • The electronic transmission of signals for communications.

• Connect computers and equipment to enable

• World’s largest computer network, consisting

• Internal network that allows people within

• Network that allows selected outsiders, such

• The most important element in most

• Include strategies, policies, methods, and

•Transaction Processing Systems

•Management Information Systems

•Decision Support Systems

• Solve problems that require expertise

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