FUNCTIONAL SKILLS

1. Offering Help or Things (menawarkan bantuan / menawarkan sesuatu)

Untuk menawarkan bantuan, dapat digunakan ungkapan-ungkapan berikut:

- May I help you? - What can I do for you?

- Can I help you? - How can I assist you?
- Could I help you? - How can I help you?
- How can I be of assistance to you? - Let me help you?
- How can I be of help to you? - Do you want me to help you?
- What can I help you - Shall I …?

Cara memberi tawaran seperti menawarkan makanan atau minuman dalam bahasa Inggris
lazimnya dengan menggunakan ungkapan Would you like…?, Would you care for …?,
why don’t you have…?, How about having …? May I offer you …?
Contoh:
Tawaran Respon
- Would you like some bread? Yes, please.
- Would you care for some coffee? No, thanks. I don’t drink coffee.
- Why don’t you have some biscuit, please? Thanks, I’d love to.

Jawaban untuk menerima tawaran antara lain: Yes please, Sure, Why not, Ofcourse,
Certainly, I’d love to, It’s a good idea, That’s great. Untuk menolak tawaran digunakan
ungkapan seperti: No, thanks, Please don’t bother, I’d love to but…, That’s great but…

2. Introducing (memperkenalkan)
Memperkenalkan Diri Memperkenalkan Orang Lain
- I’d like to introduce myself. - I’d like you to meet … (nama)
- My I introduce myself? - This is my friend/boss/etc…(nama)
- Let me introduce myself! - Have you met…(nama)?
- I want to introduce myself - May I introduce you to …(nama/jabatan)
- Let me introduce you to ….
- I want to introduce you to ….

3. Inviting (mengundang/mengajak)
Undangan/Ajakan Menolak Menerima
- let’s + V1 - I’m sorry I can’t - I’d love to
- Why don’t we …? - I’d like to but… - I’d like very much
- How about…? - I’m afraid I can’t - I’d be happy/glad to accept
- I’d like to invite you to… - No, let’s not. - Yes, I’d be delighted to.
- Would you like to…? - That’s good ide
- I wonder if you’d like to

4. Expressing Thanks (terimakasih)

Ungkapan Respon
Thank you You are welcome.
Thank you very much That’s all right
Thanks. Not at all
Thank you very much for… (kata Don’t mention it
 benda) Thet’s all right
I’m grateful for…(kata benda/noun) Any time

5. Congratulations (ucapan selamat)

Ungkapan Respon
Congratulations Thank you
Congratulations on … Thank you and the same to you
I’d like to congratulate you. Thank you. I need it.
I’d like to congratulate you on… Thank you very much.
It was great to hear…
It was to hear about….
Happy birthday to you.
Happy new year.
Good luck!
Have a nice holiday

6. Sympathy (menyatakan rasa simpati)

Ungkapan-ungkapan perasaan simpati atas mala petaka/musibah yang dialami orang lain
diantaranya:
- I’m sorry to hear that
- Oh, that’s too bad.
- How awful!
- How terrible!
- Poor!

7. Pleasure, Displeasure (senang & tidak senang)

Pleasure/senang Displeasure/tidak senang
It’s really delightful/Iam delighted I’m dissatisfied
I’m satisfied We are fed up with…
That’s great I feel dosappointed
That’s wonderful She is extremely displeased
It’s really a great pleasure

8. Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction ( kepuasan, ketidakpuasan)

Ketika kita akan mengungkapkan kepuasan atas kerja seseorang, kita dapat gunakan
ungkapan:
• Well done!
• Great! Good work
• I am satisfied with your work
• You did well
• Your job is satisfactory
• I am so happy about this
• I’m glad to what you’ve done
• It’s really satisfying

Ketika kita akan mengungkapkan ketidakpuasan atas kerja seseorang, kita dapat gunakan:
• I’m not satisfied with work
• You haven’t done well enough
• I am really dissappointed
 • Sorry, but your work is not satisfactory
• Oh, no!
• It’s not very nice
• It’s really not good enough

9. Asking & Giving Opinion (meminta & memberi pendapat)

Asking Opinion Giving opinion
How was the trip? I think (that)….
How do you like your new house? In my opinion….
How do you think of Rina’s idea? As I see, …
What is your opinions of the movie? If you ask me, I feel…

10. Agreement/approval, Disagreement/disapproval (setuju, tidak setuju)

Ketika kita merasa sependapat dengan opini orang lain, kita bisa mengatakan:
• So do I
• Yes, I agree with you
• It is certainly
• Exactly
• That’s what I want to say
• I am with you
• I am on your side
Ketika kita merasa tidak sependapat dengan opini orang lain, kita bisa mengatakan:
• Well, I don’t think so
• I don’t think that is true
• I disagree with …
• I wouldn’t say that
• Exactly not
• I can’t say so
• On contrary
• I don’t buy that idea

11. Fear, Anciety (ungkapan ketakutan, kegelisahan)

Fear Respon
I am afraid Don’t be afraid
I am feared There is nothing to be afraid of
I am scared It is nothing
I am terrified
The sound is horrifying
Anciety Respon
I am worried about… Take is easy
I am anxious to know about… Calm down
I wondered if… I know you are worried but…
That made me worried It is not a big deal
I have been thinking about …. Don’t worry
I am afraid if… Stay cool

12. Pain, Relief (ungkapan kesakitan, kelegaan)

Pain Relief
Ouch! I’m very relieved to hear…
That was hurt Finally, it was over
It is painful I feel relieved
 It hurts me I feel much better
I’ve got a I’m glad it’s over
backache/toothache/stomachache That’s a great relief
I feel sore all over I’m extremely glad to hear…
My eyes hurt Thank goodness for that
Marvellous
What a relief!

13. Like/Love & Dislike/Hate (suka/cinta & tidak suka/benci)

Like Dislike
I love it I don’t really like it
I like it I dislike it
I am keen on it I am not really interested in…
I am crazy about it I can’t enjoy…
We all enjoy (benda/noun/gerund)…is not my cup of tea
(benda/noun/gerund)…is my cup of I can’t stand
I hate it

14. Embarrassment & Annoyance (Ungkapan rasa malu, kejengkelan)

Embarrassment Annoyance
I am embarrassed I am annoyed
I feel ashamed I had enough with it
Oh my God I can’t bear it any longer
Shame on me You made me annoyed
I don’t feel comfortable You are such a pain in the neck
I feel awkward You made me sick

15. Request (permintaan)

Request Acceptance Refusal
Would it be possible for I should be delighted to I regret to say that we find
you to come ourselves unable to go
Would you be so kind as to By all means I’m afraid it’s not possible
Would you…,please? I have no objection I’m afraid not
Would you mind …? I’d be happy to Sorry
Any chance of… Sure No, I won’t
Can you…? Yeah Not likely
OK You must be joking
No problem
Mmm

16. Complaint, Blame (keluhan,menyalahkan)

Complaint Blame
I’m not at all satisfied with the service You’re the one to blame
I really do/must objec to the service It’s your fault!
I take great exception to… It’s your mistake!
I want to complain about… You’re wrong
This is crazy!
17. Regret, Apology (penyesalan, meminta maaf)
Regret Apology
Much to my regret Please accept my apologies for what I did
Sadly, I …. Please forgive me for what I did
Unfortunately I am extremely sorry
I’m terribly sorry I really must apologies
I honestly regret that I … May I offer you my sincerest apologies?
Sorry, I …

18. Possibility & Impossibility (kemungkinan & ketidakmungkinan)

Menyatakan Kemungkinan Menanyakan Kemungkinan
I think there is possibility to … Do you think he/it could…?
I sassume/believe… Would you say we’re capable of…?
In all probability,… Are you capable of…?
it is going to be possible for me to… Are you able to…?
that will probably … Do you have any experience of…?
it’s quite possible … Can you…?
Do you know how to…?
Do you think you can…?
 LANGUAGE USAGE
TIME
TENSES PATTERNS EXAMPLES
SIGNALS
Simple Present S+V1 (-s/es) + O Every… (+) She goes to school
Tense Usually (-) She does not go to school
(Menyatakan Aux: Always, (?) Does she go to school?
kebiasaan/ kegiatan Do (They,we,I,you, jamak) Nowadays, etc. Yes, she does
yang terjadi terus Does (He, she, it, tunggal) No, she doesn’t
menerus) To be: is, am, are

Simple Past Tense S + V2 + O Yesterday (+) She went to school

(Menyatakan kegiatan Last… (-) She did not go to school
yang dilakukan pada Aux: Did  semua Subjek …ago (?) Did she go to school?
suatu titik di waktu To be: Yes, she did
lampau) Was (He,she,it,I,tunggal) No, she didn’t
Were (You, They, we, jamak)

Simple Future Tense S + will + V1 Tomorrow (+) She will go to school

(Menyatakan aktivitas Next… (-) She will not go to school
yang akan dilakukan Later (?) Will she go to school?
di waktu yang akan Yes, she will
datang) No, she will not (won’t)

Present Continuous S + (is/am/are) + Ving + O Now (+) She is going to school

(Menyatakan aktivitas At present (-) She is not going to school
yang sedang To be: is, am, are At this moment (?) Is she going to school?
berlangsung To day Yes, she is
sekarang/ saat No, she isn’t
berbicara)
Past Continuous S + (was/were) + Ving + O At 7 last night, (+) She was going to school
(Menyatakan aktivitas Etc. (-) She was not going to
yang sedang To be: school
dilakukan pada waktu Was (He,she,it,I,tunggal) (?) Was she going to school?
tertentu diwaktu Were (You, They, we, jamak) Yes, she was
lampau) No, she wasn’t

Present Perfect S + have/has + V3 + O Lately (+) She has gone to school

Tense Recently (-) She has not gone to
(Menyatakan Have = I,you,they,we For school
kegiatan yang Has = he,she,it Since (?) Has she gone to school?
terjadi pada waktu already Yes, she has
tidak tertentu di masa yet No, she hasn’t
lampau dan lately
dampaknya masih just
ada hingga sekarang)
Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3 + O Before (+) She had gone to school
(Menyatakan aktivitas After (-) She had not gone to
yang telah selesai school
dilakukan ketika (?) Had she gone to school?
aktivitas Yes, she had
lain terjadi pada No, she hadn’t
waktu
lampau)

Kita bisa mengenali setiap tensis dengan mengetahui ciri-ciri khusus yang dimiliki setiap
tenses:
Simple Present V1/ do,does/ am,is,are
Simple past V2/ did/ was, were
Perfect have/ has/ had + V3/been
Future/modal (present) will + V1/ be
Continuous Tobe + V-ing

TO BE
Present Am, is, are
Past Was, were
Perfect Been
Future/modal be

CONTOH SOAL
1. Fred : Juda, the telephone rang twelve times. What were you doing?
Juda : I____ Javanese dancing, “Srimpi”.
a. practised d. have been practising
b. was parctising e. will be practising
c. have practised
Jawaban : B (Past Continuous Tense)

2. Devi : So you have finished washing the dished. When did you do it?
Sri : I did while you ____ the yard.
a. clean d. were cleaning
b. cleaned e. have been cleaning
c. had cleaned
Jawaban : D (Past Continuous tense = menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung
ketika kegiatan lain terjadi di waktu lampau. Kata while bisa dijadikan ciri)

3. Vina : When did you get the letter?

Fani : Yesterday. My family ____ when the postman arrived.
a. have lunch d. will have had lunch
b. will have lunch e. have been having lunch
c. were having lunch
 Jawaban : C (Past Continuous tense biasa juga dipakai untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang
dilakukan ketika kegiatan lain terjadi pada waktu lampau. When + simple past dapat dijadikan ciri).

PASSIVE VOICE

KALIMAT PASIF adalah kalimat dimana subjek dikenai tindakan/pekerjaan, sedangkan kalimat aktif
subjeklah yang melakukan tindakan/pekerjaan.

Hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam merubah aktif ke pasif adalah:

 Yang dapat dijadikan kalimat passive adalah Verbal Sentence (kalimat yang predikatnya kata
kerja/V)
 Verbal sentence yang dapat dirubah ke Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah kalimat yang
memiliki objek penderita.
 Perubahan aktif ke pasif atau sebaliknya tidak merubah makna kalimat. Perubahan itu terjadi
hanya pada struktur kalimatnya saja.
 Ciri kalimat pasif/passive voice adalah to be + V3 dan kata by (kata ini bukan merupakan syarat
yang harus ada dalam kalimat pasif )

Contoh :
(Aktive) Bajuri loves Oneng
S P/V1 O
(Passive) Oneng is loved by Bajuri.
S P/V3
(Active) I bought a new motorcycle last week.
(Passive) A new motorcycle was bought by me last week

RUMUS POLA AKTIF-PASIF UNTUK SEMUA TENSES

TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE

Simple Present S + V1 S + am/is/are + V3
Simple Past S + V2 S + was/were + V3
Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing S + am/is/are + being + V3
Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing S + was/were + being + V3
Present Perfect S + have/has + V3 S + have/has + been + V3
 Past Perfect S + had + V3 S + had + been + V3
Simple Future S + will/shall + V1 S + will/shall + be + V3
Modal (present) S + may/can/must + V1 S + may/can/must + be + V3
Modal (past) S + might/could/had to + V1 S + might/could/had to + be + V3

Jadi lebih singkatnya ciri kalimat pasif/passive voice selain by + O adalah :

Present am/is/are + V3
Past was/were + V3
Perfect been + V3
Continuous be + being + V3
Future/modal be + V3

CONTOH SOAL
1. A : Look! The girl is crying. What happened to her just now?
B : While playing with her brother, she ____
a. kicks d. was kicking
b. kicked e. was kicked
c. will kick
Jawaban : E (simple past: S + was/were + V3)

2. A : Do you know the result of the test?

B : Not yet. The announcement ____ twice.
a. was postponed d. has to be postponed
b. was being postponed e. has been postponed
c. will be postponed
Jawaban : A (konteks kalimat adalah simple past)

3. Mela : Why do you prefer Surya Depstore to others?

Noni : Because the items ____ at a reasonable price.
a. is sold d. were sold
b. are sold e. had been sold
c. was sold
Jawaban: B (konteks kalimat adalah simple present. Karena subjek items jamak maka
to be yang sesuai adalah are)

4. X : There’s no longer a rule for the youth to enter military service in Britain.
Y : Really, when….?
a. was it abolishing d. was it to abolish
b. did it abolish e. to be abolished
c. was it abolished
Jawaban: C (pola pasif introgative simple past: was/were + S + V3)

5. Dita : When did the accident happen?

Dini : When the goods ____ from the truck.
a. have been unloaded d. will be unloaded
b. were being unloaded e. are unloaded
c. are being unloaded
Jawabab: B (pola pasif past continuaou tense: S + was/were + being + V3)

ACTIVITY 1: Find the best answer to fill the blanks

1. R.A. Kartini ____ in Jepara in 1879.
a. is born d. would be born
b. was born e. has been born
c. will be born

2. The books in the library ___ in alphabetical order.

a. is arranged d. have arranged
b. was arranged e. has arranged
c. have been arranged

3. A big dam ___ in this area next year.

a. will build d. has been built
b. will be built e. is being built
c. would be built

4. We can’t swim in the swimming pool now because it ___.

a. was being cleaned d. will clean
b. is being cleaned e. cleaned
c. has been cleaned

5. They had just been living in the house for two years when it ___ by the fire.
a. destroyed d. will be destroyed
b. had destroyed e. is being destroyed
c. was destroyed

6. She looks after the baby well.The passive form is ____

a. the baby is well looked after d. the baby is being looked after well
b. the baby was looked after well e. the baby would be well looked after
c. the baby will be well looked after

7. Everybody knew that he had shown great loyalty to the company, therefore he ____ a big
sum of money at the anniversary of the company.
a. rewarded d. is being rewarded
b. was rewarded e. has been rewarded
c. will be rewarded

8. At the moment the old building ____ to make space dor a parking lot.
a. demolishing d. had been demilishing
b. is being demolished e. is demolishing
c. was being demolishing

9. Sita is waiting for her birthday party dress because she ____ a new one by her mother.
a. has promised d. has been promising
b. will be promised e. was being promised
c. will be promised

10. As the victem was badly hurt in the car accident, he ____ to the nearest hospital.
a. will be taken d. was taken
b. is being taken e. took
c. has been taken
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“Question Tags (Kalimat Berekor)”

Jika pertanyaan dalam bentuk positif, maka Tag harus dalam bentuk negative. Begitu pula sebaliknya.
Perhatikan contoh berikut ini :
+, – ? - She is going to come here, isn’t she?
Statement + tag –
–, + ? - She is not going to come here, is she?
Statement – tag +

CARA MENENTUKAN TAG :

1. Kalimat Berauxilliary
Untuk kalimat yang mengandung auxiliary, TAG tinggal disesuaikan dengan AUXILIARY yang ada.
Contoh :
- She is your sister, isn’t she?
- They are coming here, aren’t they?
- You can ride a motorcycle, can’t you?
- She has been here since last week, hasn’t she?

2. Kalimat TANPA Auxilliary

Untuk kalimat yang tidak mengandung auxiliary, maka harus diperhatikan VERB yang digunakan.
a. Jika Statement menggunakan V1 (s/es)  Simple Present, TAG memakai Aux : DO/ DOES
DOES  untuk subject He, She, It, Tunggal
DO  untuk Subject They, We, I , You, Jamak
 Contoh :
- She goes to school by bus, doesn’t she?
- They meet each other, don’t they?

b. Jika Statement menggunakan V2  Simple Past, maka TAG memakai Aux : DID
Contoh :
- She went to school by bus, didn’t she?
- They met each other, didn’t they?

ATURAN DALAM QUESTION TAG :

1. Subject Statement harus dirubah dalam bentuk Pronoun (Kata Ganti) dalam TAG-nya.
Contoh : Andi is smart student, isn’t he?

2. Subject Statement yang berupa : anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, nobody, no one, diulang
dalam Tag-nya menjadi ‘They’.
Contoh : Everybody watched ‘Habibie and Ainun’ Movie, didn’t they?
Noone cares about it, do they?

3. Jika statement dalam bentuk Kalimat PERINTAH, maka Tag-nya menjadi ‘Will you?’
Contoh :Please do not smoke over here, will you?

4. Jika Statement mengandung kata Let’s/ Let us, maka Tag menjadi ‘Shall we?’
Contoh : Let’s go to the movie, shall we?

5. Jika subject Statement = I am, maka Subject Tag menjadi : ‘Aren’t I?’
Contoh : I am right, aren’t I?
Tapi jika dalam bentuk Negatif = I am not, maka Subject Tag tetap : Am I?
Contoh : I am not guilty, am I?

6. Statement yang mengandung kata: never, seldom, rarely, barely, hardly, few, little dianggap
bermakna NEGATIF, dan Tag harus dalam bentuk POSITIF. Perhatikan contoh dibawah ini :
- You seldom have your hair cut, do you?
- She never seems to care, doesn’t she?
- She can hardly believe it, can she?

ACTIVITY 2: Please complete the following sentences using the appropriate tags!
1. Crocodiles like chicken, ______________?
2. He sometimes reads the newspaper, ______________?
3. I am late, ______________?
4. Let’s go, ______________?
5. She is a teacher, ______________?
6. He should pay this house, ______________?
7. Don’t cry, ______________?
8. Let’s pray, ______________?
9. We seldom watch movie in the cinema, ______________?
10. I am not Javanese, ______________?

ACTIVITY 3: Please choose the appropriate tags of the following!

1. He never comes late, _________?
A. Hasn’t he C. Didn’t he
B. Does he D. Won’t he
 2. Without his glasses he can hardly see us, , _________he ?
A. Can’t C. Does
B. Can D. Could
3. Your sister always gets up late on Sunday, _________?
A. Isn’t it C. Should she
B. Will she D. Doesn’t she

4. He works hard. He seldom has time to go to parties, _________?

A. Doesn’t he C. Doesn’t he
B. Hasn’t he D. isn’t she
5. Let’s visit the Amir tomorrow, _________?
A. Won’t we C. Shall We
B. Do We D. Aren’t We
6. The proposal sounds promising, _________?
A. Doesn’t it C. it doesn’t
B. Was it not D. is it
7. You seldom has your hair cut, _________?
A. Do you C. Did you
B. Don’t you D. Didn’t you
8. There was never any talk of such thing, _________?
A. Was it C. Was there
B. Was it not D. Was not there
9. Your uncle said that he would do his best to help you, _________?
A. Didn’t you C. Would he
B. Wouldn’t you D. Wouldn’t he
10. She never seems to care, _________?
A. Is she C. Has she
B. Doesn’t she D. Does she.

“CONDITIONAL SENTENCES”
KALIMAT PENGANDAIAN

Type Pattern Examples FACT

 will  - If he GIVES me flowers, I WILL It probably
 can  LOVE him. happens
Futur   (MUNGKIN
V1(s/es) may 
,
e - If he IS here, I WILL BE happy
If   V1/ be terjadi)
Cond. do/ does not  V1  must 
(1)  
be : is, am, are  shall 
 
 would  - If he GAVE me flowers, I WOULD It does not
Prese  could  LOVE him. happen
nt   (TIDAK
V2  might 
Cond. If  ,  V1/ be - If he WERE here, I WOULD BE MUNGKIN
did not  V1  had to  happy terjadi diwaktu
(2)  should 
be : were sekarang)
 
 
  would  - If he HAD GIVEN me flowers, I It did not
 could  WOULD HAVE LOVED him. happen
Past   (TIDAK
had  V3 might 
Cond. If  , have  V3/ been - If he HAD BEEN here, I WOULD TERJADI
be : had been  had to 
(3)   HAVE BEEN happy diwaktu
 should  lampau)
 

CONTOH PENGGUNAAN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES DALAM SOAL :

1. Santi : I heard Jane is hired for the job, but she refuses because she wants to go to the university.
Lili : What a pity. She can take a job while studying at the college. If I were her, ……..
a. I accept the job
b. I would accept the job
c. I will accept the job
d. I would have accepted the job

(jawaban yang benar adalah B karena penggunaan “were” menandakan Conditional

Sentences Type 2, maka main clause menggunakan Would + V1)

2. Mela : I have already put the letter here. What’s next?

Bowo : Do you see the “start” button on the machine? If you press it, ……
Mela : Oh, yes. Thank you very much.
a. you will see the next instruction
b. you would see the next instruction
c. you would seen the next instruction
d. you would have seen the next instruction
(Jawaban yang benar adalah ___ karena ____________________________________________)

3. Peter : Can you help me fix my printer? The paper always gets jammed.
A B
John : Sorry, Peter. I’ve a lot of work to do. If I finish the work, I would surely help you.
C D

NOTE : Untuk soal ERROR RECOGNITION, petunjuknya terdapat pada kata/ frase yang tidak
digaris bawahi. Silahkan analisa soal diatas)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 4 : Put the verb into the correct form.

1. If I offered the job, I think I _____________ (take) it.
2. I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he _____________ (refuse)
3. Many people would be out of the work if that factory _____________ (close) down.
4. Would George be angry if I _____________ ( take) his bicycle without asking?
5. Ann gave me this ring. She _____________ (be) terribly upset if I had lost it.
6. If someone _____________ (walk) in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened.
7. I’m sure she _____________ (understand) if you explained the situation to her.
8. I _____________ (give) you cigarette if I had one but I’m afraid I haven’t.
9. This soup would taste better if it _____________ (have) more salt in it.
10. If I _____________ ( know ) her number, I would telephone her.
11. I _____________ (not/buy) that coat if I were you.
12. If you _____________ (not/go)to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t be so tired all the time.
13. I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather _____________ (be) better.
14. I’d help you if I _____________ (can) but I’m afraid I can’t
15. If I were you, I _____________ (not/marry) him.
16. We would happily buy that house if it _____________ (not/be) so small.
17. If he _____________ ( miss) the train, he would have been late for his interview.
18. I _____________ (forget) if Ann reminded me.
19. We might not have stayed at this hotel if George _____________ (not/recommend) it to us.
20. I’d have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday if I _____________ (have) your address.

ACTIVITY 5: Choose the best answer of the following conditional sentences!

1. My younger brother thinks that everybody can become a teacher. He often asks himself .
“What _________ if I were a teacher?
A. do I do C. would I do
B. will I do D. am I doing

2. If I realized that Tony was a bad driver, I _______ my car.

A. would not lend him C. will not lend him
B. did not lend him D. would not have lent him

3. If she works harder, she ….. her paper in time.

A. will finish C. has finished
B. would finish D. will be finishing

4. If my car were in the better condition, I would make a long trip now. It may be concluded that I ….
A. must stay at home C. prefer staying at home
B. make a trip now D. enjoyed the trip

5. If his mother had not been ill, Tony would have joined the study tour to Jakarta.
We conclude that Tony …..
A. has just come back from the study tour
B. went to Jakarta for Study tour
C. left his sick mother at home
D. refused to join the study tour to Jakarta
6. If you hungry, you ______ take something to eat.
A. Were C. are
B. Was D. can

7. If Septia ______ after the barbeque, Tiwi will let the guests in.
A. Will have C. will play
B. Had play D. can playing

8. If you had spoken English, she _____ understood.

A. Can C. was
B. Would have D. could

9. We ______ swum in the sea if there had not been so many sharks there.
A. Can C. was
 B. Would have D. could

10. If she had taken the bus, she ______ arrived on time.
A. Can C. were
B. could D. could have

11. If he ______ well, he would win the game

A. play C. playing
B. played D. Plays

12. If you had been sick, you _________ some medicines.

A. would have taken C. would had take
B. could have taken D. could had taken

13. You ________ if you walk in the rain.

A. will be sick C. would be sick
B. sick D. could be sick

14. If we don’t try to save the Borobudur temple, we __________

A. will lose C. Could lose it
B. would lose it D. Will lose it
15. You wouldn’t pass the examination if you ______ hard
A. studying C. study
B. studied D. will study

16. If he had played well, he _________ won the game.

A. would have C. is
B. could have D. are
17. They will come if you __________ them
A. invited C. Invite
B. inviting D. Invites

18. She _________ type the letter if she had more time .
A. would C. can
B. could D. Was
19. If he _________ well, he would win the game
A. play C. playing
B. played D. Plays
20. If I _________ much money I would have continued my school in abroad.
A. have C. has
B. had D. had had
ACTIVITY 6 : Error Recognition
1. (If) I (was) you, I would (work) hard (for a promotion.) A B C D

2. If I (was) you, I would (let) everyone (leave) early (in) the summer A B C D

3. If I (live) (near) the office,( I )would walk (to work) A B C D

4. (If) the phone (ring) (will) you (answer) it? A B C D

5. (The) girl (would answer) the questions (well) if she had studied (hard) A B C D

6. I would (give) you (a )(lift) If I (have) a car A B C D

7. If (the) product (have been) successful, the company would (have made) A B C D
a (large) profit

8. Please ( leave)( the )building if the (alarm)( ring) A B C D

9. Please, (write) me (a)( letter) if you (had) time A B C D

10. If (the) (typewriter) (was) broke, I will ( use) the computer A B C D

11. I (will permit)( her)( to go )If she (ask) for permission A B C D

12. I would give (you) a lift (to the airport) If I (drive) (a) car A B C D

13. (Please)( pay)( the) order If it (arrived) A B C D

14. If she (is) a good student, she would (prepare)( for) the test (well) A B C D

15. If (the) teacher explained the lesson (clearly), I (will not) be (confused) A B C D

16. Mr. Kent (would)( hire)( another) manager (If )the company allows it A B C D

17. If I graduate (next year), I (would) (look)( for) a job A B C D

18. If Tyson (prepared) for the fight more (intensively), (he) would have won (it) A B C D

19. If she (had) a (lot of money), she would have bought (her) child (a) prize A B C D

20. (If) Musa (would know) (the) answer, he would have (told) us A B C D

Degrees of Comparison

1. Positive Degree (Tingkat Biasa)

a.
... as + Adj/ Adv + as ...  sama/ se ...

Example : My brother is as big as your brother

b. ... not so + Adj = as / not as + Adj + as ...  Tidak sama/ tidak se ...

Example : Tono is not so old as Rudi (Tono tidak setua Rudi)

Tono is not as old as Rudi
2. Comparative (Tingkat Lebih)
Untuk adjective dengan dua suku kata menggunakan:
Adjective + -er + than
Example : My holiday is longer than his
I arrive earlier than my friends

Untuk adjective lebih dari dua suku kata:

Adjective + more + than
Example : A lion is more dangerous than a dog

3. Superlative (Tingkat Paling)

Untuk adjective dengan satu/ dua suku kata menggunakan:
The + Adjective + -est
Example : Tono is the smartest boy in my class
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world

Untuk adjective lebih dari dua suku kata:

The most + Adjective
Example : Diamond is the most expensive jewelries.
I think Bali is the most beautiful island I have ever known.

SUSUNAN BENTUK/ PERIBAHASA:

The + Comparative + the + comparative

ARTI : Makin …………. Makin ………….

Example :
- The richer the happier : makin kaya makin senang
- The more the better : makin banyak makin bagus
- The more money he has, the happier he becomes : makin kaya makin senang dia

IRREGULAR COMPARISONS (Perbandingan tak beraturan)

Adjective Comparative Superlative Meaning
Little Less (the) Least Sedikit
Good Better (the) Best Bagus, Baik
Bad Worse (the) Worst Jahat, Buruk
Far Farther (the) Farthest Jauh (=jarak)
Further (the) Furthest Lanjut
Late Later (the) Latest Lambat
Latter (the) Last Akhir
Many/ More (the) Most Banyak
much
 Old Older/ Elder (the) Oldest/ Tua/ Yang tua
Eldest

CONTOH PENGGUNAAN DALAM SOAL:

Customer : Do you have the latest Raditya’s album? It’s the best album ever.
A B
Seller : I’m afraid we don’t, but why don’t you try Kirana’s album? It does not contain
as many songs as Raditys’s, but it’s as best as his.
C D
( Jawaban yang salah adalah D, jika ada pola “as___as”, maka termasuk POSITIVE DEGREE, maka
yang dipakai adalah Adjective langsung  as good as (Best merupakan bentuk superlative) )

ACTIVITY 7 : Complete the blank spaces using the the appropriate Comparison!
1. Raditya is (short) ________________ than his brother
2. The room on my left side is (large) ________________ mine.
3. This is the (comfortable) ________________ Place in my school
4. My story is (good) ________________ than theirs.
5. My pencil is long but Melly’s is (long) ________________ than mine.
6. Red apple is (expensive) ________________ than the green one.
7. We are doing the (difficult) ________________ term in this test.
8. Don’t enter that place! That’s the (dangerous) ________________ place in this area.
9. My marbles are not (many) ________________ My brother’s.
10. Riris is the (smart) ________________ student in my class.

ACTIVITY 8: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate words.

1. Andi is 165 cm tall. Donna is 167 cm tall. So, Donna is _________ than Andi.
2. My father is 45 years old. My mother is 46 years old. So, My mother is ____ than my father.
3. A buffalo is big. However, an elephant is ________ than a buffalo.
4. Bengawan Solo river is long but Nil river is ________ than Bengawan Solo river.
5. Most students think Mathematic is ___________ than Social Science.
6. Roger is 12 years old. Danu is 15 years old. So, Roger is ______ than Danu.
7. A hill is __________ than a mountain.
8. A horse runs __________ than a goat.
9. A car’s price is usually __________ than a motorbike’s price.
10. The red jacket is 60,000 rupiahs. The blue jacket costs 75,000 rupiahs. The red jacket is ________
than the blue jacket.

ACTIVITY 9: Error Recognition

1. Your brothers are as smarter as my sisters. A B C D
2. Playing game is the most interesting than playing card. A B C D
3. My screwdriver is the same long as yours. A B C D
4. Paul’s is more different from Sam’s A B C D
5. Speaking English is the more important of all part of studying English. A B C D
“RELATIVE PRONOUN  ADJECTIVE CLAUSE”

1. WHO : ORANG (SUBJECT)

Example : Mitha is a singer. She has blue eyes  Mitha who has blue eyes is a singer.
Adj. Clause

2. WHOM : ORANG (OBJECT)

Example : Mitha is a singer. I met her last night  Mitha whom I met last night is a singer.
Adj. Clause
3. WHOSE : KEPUNYAAN
Example: Mitha is a singer. Her hair is brown  Mitha whose hair is brown is a singer.
Adj. Clause

4. WHICH : BENDA (SUBJECT/ OBJECT)

Example : The bike is mine. It is blue  The bike which is blue is mine.
Adj. Clause
The bike is mine. I like to ride it  The bike which I like to ride is mine.
Adj. Clause

5. THAT : ORANG/ BENDA (subject/ object)

Penggunaan ‘THAT’ dapat menggantikan ‘Who, Whom, Which’.

6. WHEN : WAKTU
Example : I always remember the day. I met you on that day  I always remember the day when I
met you.

7. WHERE : TEMPAT
Example : That is the restaurant. I will meet you there  That is the restaurant where I will meet you.

CONTOH PENGGUNAAN DALAM SOAL :

As part of the good commitment, the government and industries have launched the program
A B
called ‘Link and Match’ for vocational students which want to have on the job training
C D
(Jawaban yang salah adalah C, karena Vocational Students adalah Noun Person, maka menggunakan
WHO)

ACTIVITY 10 : Combine the two sentences using the appropriate Relative Pronoun.
1. Mr Hadi is our teacher. We like him very much.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Solo is a town. I studied there in 1990.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you know the woman ?My father gave her some money yesterday.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Monday is the day. I was born on that day.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. That is the girl . Her money was robbed near the bank last night.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Do you know my book? I bought it last week.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Mr. Black is the writer. His book are widely read.
______________________________________________________________________________

8. The bike is mine. It is in the garage.

______________________________________________________________________________
9. The man is my friend. He works in the bank.
______________________________________________________________________________
10. The boy lives near my house. His father died last week.
______________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 11 : Fill in the blank spaces with the appropriate Relative Pronoun
1. That is the girl _________father got an accident last week
2. Do you know Ali’s box _________ he put his tools?
3. To _________did you give the letter yesterday ?
4. I don’t know _________will be responsible for that.
5. _________shirt do you think suitable for me, the red one or the blue one?
6. With _________did you go to Ani’s party yesterday?
7. _________book is that in the drawer of the table ?
8. I am not sure from _________the package I got this morning.
9. _________town is bigger, Semarang or Surabaya?
10. Those _________come late will be punished?

ACTIVITY 12: Select the best answer of the following

1. The man _________ is sitting over there is my father.
A. who B. whose C. when D. where
2. The book _________ you bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. Who B. Which C. Whose D. When
3. This is the place _________ I visited some years ago.
A. Where B. When C. where D. Who
4. Mr. Kurniawan _________ son is my friend is presenting a paper in a seminar.
A. Who B. What C. That D. Whose
5. The time _________ the plane takes off and lands will be changed soon.
A. When B. Who C. whose D. That
6. Lumajang is the place _________ I was born.
A. which B .Where C. When D. Whose
7. Andrea was a married woman _________ lived in Brockbourne.
A. which B. Where C. Who D. When
8. Hirata shivered at the snow _________ was piled in the fields.
A. Whose B. Who C. whom D. Which
9. She missed listening to the radio, _________ had been stolen.
A. Which B. Whose C. whom D. Who
10. Rizky stopped for an old lady _________ was standing by the road.
A. Whom B. Who C. which D. Whose
11. The old lady had a sign _________ was handwritten.
A. Whose B. Which C. who D. Whose
12. Kurniawan opened the door for the lady, _________ was very fat.
A. which B. Whom C. When D. Who
13. Mario was afraid of the old lady, _________ voice sounded strange.
A. Whose B. which C. Whom D. When
14. Conan was terrified _________ she saw her arms, which were hairy.
A. Whose B. When C. Whom D. Which
15. Kurniawan realized it was a man _________ was dressed as a woman.
A. which B. When C. Who D. whom
CONSTRUCTION “Used to” & “be/ get Used to”

a. Used to + V1
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan peristiwa yang terjadi diwaktu lampau dan sudah tidak terjadi lagi.
Dapat diartikan PERNAH. Perhatikan contoh berikut :
 - I used to live in Japan (saya pernah tinggal di Jepang)
- I used to study abroad (saya pernah belajar di luar negeri)

b. Be/ get Used to + Ving

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan untuk dilakukan. Dapat
diartikan TERBIASA. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini :
- I am used to driving a car (saya terbiasa mengendarai mobil)
- I get used to living in cold weather (saya terbiasa tinggal di daerah dingin)

ACTIVITY 13: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate construction
1. I am not used to _________________ up this early. (get)
2. I used to _________________ a lot. (read)
3. You will have to get used to _________________on the right when you live there. (drive)
4. I did not use to _________________ it, but I do now. (like)
5. I found it hard to get used to _________________ in such a hot country. (live)
6. Where did you use to _________________ when you visited? (stay)
7. It took me a while to get used to _________________the language. (speak)
8. I used to _________________ hard when I was a student. (work)
9. Have you got used to _________________ it yet? (do)
10. I am not used to _________________ so much tea. (drink)

“MODAL AUXILIARIES”
Merupakan sekelompok alat bantu yang memberi arti tambahan pada suatu kalimat untuk mempertajam
makna.
MODAL  V1/ be

PRESENT FORM PAST FORM

CAN COULD
MAY MIGHT
MUST HAD TO
WILL WOULD
SHALL SHOULD
SHOULD -

Ada beberapa kelompok kata yang memiliki arti yang sama dengan modal diatas :
Can/ Could : be able to
May/might : be allowed to
Must : have to, need to
Will/ shall : be going to
Should : had better, ought to, be supposed to

MAKNA DAN ARTI MODALS

1. CAN/ COULD
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kemampuan (ability). Memiliki arti DAPAT/ MAMPU.
Example :
When I was a child I could not take a bath alone, but now I can.

2. MAY/ MIGHT
Digunakan untuk menyatakan ijin (permission). Diartikan BOLEH.
Example : May/ might I go earlier?

3. MUST/ HAD TO
- Keharusan mutlak. Memiliki arti HARUS.
Example : You must be here on time
- Kesimpulan Logis. Memiliki arti PASTI.
Example : He has a lot of money. He must be rich.

4. WOULD
Digunakan untuk menyatakan keinginan. Merupakan bentuk lampau dari WILL. Memiliki arti
INGIN/ AKAN. Juga untuk permintaan halus (polite request.
Example : Would you please sit down?

5. WILL/ SHALL
Penggunaan shall hampir sama dengan will.
Example : I will go there tomorrow.

6. SHOULD
- Saran/ anjuran, pendapat atau keharusan/ kewajiban
Example : Siti should study tonight.
- Harapan
Example : My package should arrive next week.
ACTIVITY 14: Choose the most appropriate modal in the brackets to complete the sentences!
1. They (will/ should/ can) study hard, because next April they will take the examination
2. You (must/ may/ must not) permit to your mother if you go to school.
3. She (will/ can/ must) come here tomorrow.
4. He (will/ can/ could) speak English well if he took English course .
5. You seem to be having trouble there. (Would/ Will/ Shall) I help you?
6. Teddy got a bed score for his examination, he (should/ could/ might) study hard for next time.
7. My father (shall/ can/ could) play guitar when he was child
8. I have been invited my friends to come, they (would/ could/ should) be there tomorrow.
9. The sky is so dark, it (may/ might/ should) be rain.
10. There`s a baby area, you (may/ must/ should) not smoke here.
 PRONOUN (KATA GANTI)

Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive

Pronoun Pronoun Adjective pronoun Pronoun
I Me My Mine Myself
You You Your Yours Yourself
He Him His His Himself
She Her Her Hers Herself
It It Its Its Itself
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
They Them Their Theirs Themselves

Example :
- I have a new bag. My mom gave me last night. Now, this bag is mine. I will keep it by myself.

ACTIVITY 15: Fill the blanks with the most appropriate pronoun.
1. I have a new book. It is ______ book
A. your
B. her
C. his

D. my
2. She has a book. That is ______ book
A. her
B. their
C. them
D. our

3. Father gives Budi a new bicycle. It is ______ bicycle

A. its
B. his
C. him
D. hers
4. Shinta buys a computer. the computer is ______
A. her
B. him
C. our
D. hers
5. You have a cute cat. The cat is ______
A. mine
B. theirs
C. his
D. yours
6. ______ have much money. Their money is Rp. 10.000.000,-
A. we
B. she
C. they
D. he
7. ______ has breakfast in the dining room. She drinks a glass of juice.
A. mother
 B. father
C. uncle
D. grandfather

8. We have a good English teacher. He is ______ English teacher

A. they
B. ours
C. our
D. her
9. I have a dictionary. This dictionary is ______
A. mine
B. yours
C. hers
D. his
10. They have three horses. The horses are ______
A. ours
B. theirs
C. its
D. yours
11. Uncle Budi has seven birds. The birds are ______
A. hers
B. yours
C. his
D. its
12. I have a sister named Nafisa. I really loves ______
A. them
B. him
C. her
D. me
13. Rudi and Nia has a nice cat. They always take care of ______
A. him
B. it
C. her
D. us

14. My friend and I go to Batang together. ______ go there by bus.

A. they
B. she
C. he
D. we
15. You buy an apple. ______ apple is very sweet. I like it.
A. your
B. his
C. her
D. our
 “ADJECTIVE ORDER”

 Jika ada lebih dari 2 adjective di depan noun, maka harus disesuaikan berdasarkan urutan sebagai
berikut :

1. Opinion/ condition (opini/ kondisi) Example 1 :

2. Size (ukuran) - Blue bird
3. Age (usia)
4. Shape (bentuk) - Small blue bird
5. Color (warna) - A happy small blue bird
6. Origin (asal)
7. Material (bahan) Example 2 :
8. Purpose (tujuan) A little old square black wooden box
ACTIVITY 16 : Please select the best answer of the following sentences.
1. A. Juanita has beautiful hair blonde long
B. Juanita has beautiful blonde long hair
C. Juanita has beautiful long blonde hair

2. A. The fans mourned the death of the popular British soul singer, Amy Winehouse
B. The fans mourned the death of the popular soul british singer, Amy Winehouse
C. The fans mourned the death of the British soul popular singer, Amy Winehouse

3. A. Samir bought a black shiny new leather sofa

B. Samir bought a new leather black shiny sofa
C. Samir bought a shiny new black leather sofa

4. A. Jane lost a valuable old antique bracelet

B. Jane lost a antique valuable old bracelet
C. Jane lost a valuable antique old bracelet

5. A. Justin Bieber is a popular young American singer

B. Justin Bieber is an American popular young singer
C. Justin Bieber is a young American popular singer

6. A. Borobudur is an Indonesian interesting ancient temple

B. Borobudur is an interesting Indonesian ancient temple
C. Borobudur is an ancient interesting Indonesian temple

7. A ukulele is a _____ instrument which resemble guitar

A. Hawaiian small musical
B. small musical Hawaiian
 C. small Hawaiian musical
8. My favorite _____ shirt was made in India
A. white old cotton
B. cotton old white
C. old white cotton

9. In our new apartment, we have some _______ furniture

A. lovely old American
B. American old lovely
C. old American lovely

10. A luau is ______ party

A. an exotic beach Hawaiian
B. a Hawaiian exotic beach
C. an exotic Hawaiian beach

“Adjective with –ing and –ed”

Salah satu bentuk adjective (kata sifat) yang kita temui dalam bahasa Inggris bisa berakhiran dengan -ed
atau -ing. Kadang bentuk ini cukup membingungkan. Berikut contoh dalam kalimat :

This is an exciting novel. Therefore, I’m excited about this new novel.

1. Adjective with -ed

Bentuk ini menunjukkan perasaan tentang sesuatu.
Dapat kita terjemahkan  MERASA
Example :
 I’m interested in seeing modern architecture (saya tertarik melihat arsitektur modern)
 She was really tired yesterday (dia merasa sangat lelah kemarin)

2. Adjective with -ing

Bentuk ini menunjukkan perasaan yang dihasilkan sesuatu.
Bisa kita terjemahkan  TERASA
Example :
 Modern architecture is very interesting (arsitektur modern sangatlah menarik  (“Modern art”
tidak bisa merasakan, tetapi membuat pembicara merasa tertarik).
 The new job was tiring. (The “new job” memberikan kita perasaan tiring/lelah).

Coba bandingkan:
 He’s bored. – Dia (He) merasa bosan.
 He’s boring. – Dia (He) terasa membosankan.

Perhatikan beberapa contoh adjective berakhiran –ing dan –ed berikut ini dan lengkapilah :
No Adjective –ed Meaning Adjective –ing Meaning
1. Amazed Heran Amazing Mengherankan
2. Bored Bosan Boring Membosankan
 3. Tired Lelah Tiring Melelahkan
4. Interested Tertarik Interesting Menarik
5. Confused Bingung Confusing Membingungkan
6. Disappointed ……………………… ……………………… ………………………
7. Surprised ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

8. Relaxed ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

9. Satisfied ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

10. Excited ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

ACTIVITY 17 : Please complete the following sentences using the words in the brackets!
1. This weather is ________. This weather makes me ___________ (depressed – depressing)
2. Budi is ___________ in astronomy. He finds that astronomy is very __________ (interested –
interesting)
3. The progam was _________. I was ___________. (bored – boring)
4. Anna is really _________ about going to Bali. It will be an _______ experience for her (excited –
exciting)
5. Renny often finds that teaching little kids is very ______________. At the end of the day, she often
feels ____________ (exhausted – exhausting)

6. We are all (horrifying / horrified) when we heard about disaster.

7. It’s sometimes (embarrassing / embarrassed) when you have to ask people for money?
8. Are you (interesting / interested) in football?
9. The kitchen hadn’t been cleaned for ages. It was really (disgusting / disgusted).
10. It was a really (terrifying / terrified) experience, everybody was very (shocking / shocked).

ACTIVITY 18: Change the words in the bracket into –ed or –ing form!
1. The cat feels _______________ (Frighten) during fireworks
2. Linux can be _______________ (Confuse) the first time you use it.
3. My mother was ______________ (Shock) to hear about the earthquake in Aceh in 2005.
4. The flood in Jakarta is _______________ (Depress)
5. The students are ____________ (Bore) doing the same thing everyday during in-job training.
6. Mr. Gilig’s English class is_______________ (Excite). My friends and I love it very much.
7. The meals in the school’s canteen is ____________ (Satisfy). Mr. Tiko is really a good cook.
8. I was really _______________ (surprise) with the party. I never imagine before.
9. The music is really ________________ (relax). I really love it.
10. This map makes me ______________ (confuse). I don’t know how to read it.
 “PREFERENCES”

Dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan kegemaran/ kesukaan terhadap sesuatu. Juga dapat digunakan
untuk menawarkan sebuah pilihan dengan halus. Perhatikan tabel dibawah ini :

Offering a choice politely Stating Preferences

[menawarkan sebuah pilihan dengan halus] [menyatakan kegemaran/ kesukaan]
a. Prefer … a. Prefer …(N)… to …(N)…
- Which do you prefer, orange or mango? - I prefer orange to mango
- Which do you prefer, cycling or jogging? - I prefer cycling to jogging
b. Like … b. Like …… better than ......
- Which one do you like, orange or mango? - I like orange better than mango
- Which one do you like, cycling or jogging? - I like cycling better than jogging
c. Would rather … c. Would rather …… than ……
- Would you rather have orange or mango? - I’d rather have orange than mango
- Would you rather go cycling or jogging? - I’d rather go cycling than jogging
d. Would prefer to ……. Rather than ……. d. Would Prefer to …… rather than ……
- Would you prefer to sing rather than - I would prefer to sing rather than
dance? dance
e. Had better + V1 (positive)
- You had better study hard (kamu
sebaiknya belajar yang giat)
f. Had better + not + V1 (negative)
- You had better not work on Sundays
(kamu sebaiknya tidak bekerja di hari
minggu)

CONTOH PENGGUNAAN DALAM SOAL:

Tizia : Which do you prefer, driving a car by yourself or as a passenger?
 A B
Olga : Well, I’d rather driving. I don’t mind being a passenger, but only if I’m sure.
C D

[ Jawaban yang salah adalah C, karena Would rather diikuti oleh Verb-1, maka seharusnya “I’d
rather drive” ].

CONJUNCTIONS (Kata Sambung)

Kata sambung adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menyambung dua kalimat/kata-kata.
1. Kata sambung yang berdiri sendiri
(and, or, but, for, although/though, that, if, dll.)

Contoh:
- You can read this book if you like (kamu dapat membaca buku ini jika kamu mau)
- I went to your house but you weren’t at home (saya pergi ke rumahmu tapi kamu tidak ada di
rumah)
- Amir and I go to school everyday (Amir dan saya pergi ke sekolah setiap hari)
- Although it was raining, he come on time (walaupun hujan dia datang tepat waktu)

2. Kata sambung yang berpasangan

 both … and … (… dan juga ….)
 not only … but also … (…tidak hanya…tetapi juga…)
 either … or… (….maupun…)
 neither… nor… (…tidak…dan tidak…)

Contoh:
- He is both wise and good (dia bijaksana dan juga baik)
- He is not only active but also clever (dia tidak hanya aktif tetapi juga pintar)
- Factory pollutions have polluted either land or water in our environment.
(Polusi pabrik telah mencemari tanah maupun air di lingkungan kita)
- The research is neither intersting nor accurate (Penelitian itu tidak menarik dan tidak akurat).

ACTIVITY 19: Complete the following sentences using paired conjunction!

1. Who wrote you this love letter? - I'm not sure. I think it was ______ Michael ______ Paul.
2. ______ Linda ______ Helen called to say sorry. I'm very sad and frustrated.
3. ______ Ryan ______ Susie have disappointed me. They didn't come to my birthday party.
4. Paul has been neglecting us. He ______ calls ______ hangs out with us anymore.
5. He hurt ______her feelings ______ her dignity. This is unforgivable.

PREPOSITIONS/ KATA DEPAN

1. On : Diatas (menempel), Pada (hari/ tanggal)

Example : The book is on the table
I go to Bali on Sunday evening
I was born on February 7, 2000

2. In : Didalam, Pada (bulan, tahun, musim, bagian hari yang tidak ditentukan
dengan jelas), jangka waktu tertentu
Example : There is some milk in the bottle.
I will go to Bali in April
I lived in Malang in 1999
I like to spend my holiday in winter
I go to school in the morning
I finished my work in two hours

3. At : menyatakan letak di suatu tempat, tidak harus didalam atau diatasnya. Bisa
juga untuk alamat yang lengkap (terdapat nomor).
Example : Who is standing at the door?
I live at Anggrek bulan Street no. 5

4. Over : diatas (hampir sama dengan ON, tapi biasanya bendanya tidak bersentuhan),
lebih
Example : The ceiling is over the floor
The temperature is over 35o C

5. Above : hampir sama dengan OVER, tapi menekankan bahwa suatu benda tetap
berada diatas benda yang lain.
 Example : The sky is above us

6. Under : Dibawah benda lain (bisa bersinggungan langsung atau tidak), Kurang
Example : The cat is under the table.
Amy’s score is still under average

7. Below : Dibawah benda lain (tidak bersinggungan langsung)

Example : Complete the sentences below.
8. Beside : disamping
9. Behind : dibelakang
10. In front of : di depan
11. From : Dari
12. Inside : Kedalam/ didalam
13. Outside : Keluar/ Diluar, lawan dari inside
14. Through : melalui
15. Around : sekitar, disekitar
Example : I will come around 4 pm
I will go around to look for the stuff
16. For : selama (waktunya tertentu)
Example : I have lived in Malang for 3 years
17. During : selama (waktunya tidak tertentu)
Example : I will go to Bali during holiday
18. Since : sejak (waktu tertentu dimasa lampau sampai sekarang)
19. Etc.

ACTIVITY 20: Fill the blanks with : at – in – on

1. Someone is knocking _____ the door. Who is that?
2. My father is not _____ home now.
3. They always go to school _____ foot.
4. Worms live _____ the ground.
5. How many days are there ____ July?
6. I have an appointment _____ Saturday afternoon.
7. Put your book ____ the table.
8. Rudy is good _____ English.
9. They we can see stars _____ night.
10. There are a lot of buildings _____ my town.

ACTIVITY 21: Fill the blanks of the following Paragraph using the appropriate prepositions
__________ (1) the holiday, we went to Bali. We stayed ______ (2) a lovely motel. _______ (3) the
morning, we would get up ______ (4) 9.30 am and have breakfast _____ (5) 10 am. Right ______ (6)
our room, there were a couple from Germany. They have spent their vacation _____ (7) Bali _____ (8) a
month. There were also a lot of domestic tourists _____ (9) various cities stayed _____ (10) this lovely
motel. We were so happy to spend this holiday. It was terrific vacation!
 DERIVATIVES/ PERUBAHAN KATA
Sebuah kata dapat berubah bentuk maupun artinya karena adanya AFFIX [Imbuhan]. Affix terbagi
menjadi 2 bagian sebagai berikut :
1. PREFIX [AWALAN]
Prefix pada dasarnya tidak merubah bentuk kata, tapi merubah arti. Lihat prefix berikut ini :
a. a— : asleep
b. al— : altogether
c. hyper— : hyperactive
d. hypo— : hypothesis
e. over— : overtime
f. pre— : pretest
g. post— : posttest
h. under— : underground
i. with— : withdraw
j. re— : redial
k. dis— : disagree
l. in— : incorrect
m. im— : impossible
Untuk poin k – q
n. mis— : misunderstand
o. non— : nonsense mengandung arti TIDAK
p. out— : outside
q. un— : unable

2. SUFFIX [AKHIRAN]
 Suffix dapat merubah baik arti maupun bentuk kata. Perhatikan contoh kalimat dibawah ini :
- The company which was just built produces textile.
- The producer of Harry Potter the movie is my uncle.
- Batik is the original Indonesian product.
- The production of gadgets is increasing nowadays.
- Make your life more productive.
- Korean workers work more productively than those from Indonesia
Kata yang tercetak tebal diatas merupakan bentuk perubahan kata. Berikut ini adalah tabel Suffix
Pembentuk kata. Kita dapat mengidentifikasi sebuah kata dari SUFFIX-nya.

NOUN
VERB NOUN (THING) ADJECTIVE ADVERB
(PERSON)
--en (fasten) -- ant (assistant) -- ance -- ive -- ly (carefully)
--ify (specify) -- ian (technician) (maintenance) (productive) -- ward
--ize -- ist (typist) -- ancy -- ful (joyful) (awkward)
(minimize) -- er (teacher) (competency) -- ous (serious) -- wise
-- or (actor) -- ence -- able (capable) (otherwise)
-- ee (trainee) (competence) -- ial
-- ary (secretary) -- ation (managerial)
-- aire (organization) -- al (national)
(millionaire) -- ism (mechanism) -- ish (childish)
-- ar (liar) -- ment (movement)
-- ness (happiness)
-- ship (friendship)
-- or (protector)
-- er (plaster)
-- dom (kingdom)
-- hood (childhood)
-- ty (activity)
-- t/ th (height)
Setelah mampu mengidentifikasi bentuk kata, selanjutnya adalah mempelajari karakteristik
penggunaannya dalam kalimat.

1. VERB
a. setelah SUBJECT
Contoh : All the passengers fasten their seat belts
S V O

b. setelah To Be (bentuk Ing)

Contoh : I am reading a novel right now.
S be Ving O adv. of time

c. setelah MODALS.
Contoh : Everybody must specify their needs.
S Mod. V1 O

2. NOUN PERSON  do activities [melakukan kegiatan]

Example :
- The secretary types the report
- The liar likes to tell a lie to everybody.

3. NOUN THING :
a. Setelah articles : a, an, the
 Contoh : a manager, an artist, the management

b. Setelah possessive pronoun : my, your, our, their, his, her, its
Contoh : my freedom, your competency, their competency, ….. etc.

c. Setelah demonstrative adjective : this, that, these, those

Contoh : this organization, these organizations, that production, those productions
d. Setelah VERB
Contoh : They read management book
S V1 O (N)

4. ADJECTIVE
a. Setelah To Be
Contoh :She is beautiful

b. Setelah ADVERB
Contoh : She is very beautiful

c. Sebelum NOUN.
Contoh : She is beautiful girl.

5. ADVERB
a. Setelah VERB
Contoh : She drives carefully

b. Sebelum ADJECTIVE
Contoh : She is very beautiful

TIPS & TRIK MENGERJAKAN SOAL LISTENING SECTION

PART I : PICTURES
Pada bagian pertama dari UN Listening, anda akan melihat foto-foto dan kemudian diminta untuk
memilih kalimat yang paling menggambarkan gambar. Untuk menjawab soal ini dengan
baik adalah dengan memperhatikan gambar-gambar secara teliti. Perhatikan gambar pada saat
‘direction’ sedang diperdengarkan (karena petunjuk soal setiap tahun selalu sama). Hal ini untuk
membiasakan telinga anda dengan suara speaker sehingga pada saat soal diputar, anda sudah
siap. Tanyakan kepada diri sendiri, gambar itu tentang SIAPA, APA, SEDANG APA, DIMANA
atau KENAPA.

PART II : QUESTION – RESPONSE

Pada listening bagian ke-2 anda akan mendengarkan sebuah pertanyaan, kemudian anda harus
memilih satu respon yang paling tepat untuk pertanyaan itu.
Yang harus anda waspadai adalah:
Terdapat kata-kata yang bunyinya mirip dengan kata di pertanyaan.
Contoh:
Question : How much does it cost?
Answer : Thank you very much.
Meskipun sama-sama terdapat kata much, tapi jawaban itu BUKAN respon yang tepat untuk
 pertanyaan ‘How much does it cost?‘

Perhatikan kata tanya di awal kalimat (WH question; who, what, when, where, why, what,
How, dll.). Waspadai pula penggunaan ‘question tags’
Jika anda ragu-ragu, pilih saja respon/ jawaban yang anda rasa paling masuk akal untuk
pertanyaan tersebut. Yang terpenting jangan sampai lembar jawaban anda kosong.

PART III : SHORT CONVERSATION

Pada bagian ketiga, anda akan mendengar dialog singkat dan kemudian anda mendapat
pertanyaan tentang dialog tersebut. Dalam hal ini anda perlu menggunakan memori jangka
pendek dengan baik.

Strategi terbaik adalah untuk mewaspadai:

 Kesamaan bunyi kata-kata pada jawaban dengan yang ada pada dialog
 Kata negatif (don’t, hardly, won’t, dll.)
 Kata-kata yang terkait dengan waktu (always, seldom, never dll)
Bacalah pertanyaannya terlebih dahulu dan bahkan mungkin jawaban, sebelum anda
mendengar dialog. Periksa semua pilihan dan jangan memilih terlalu cepat.

PART IV : SHORT TALKS

Dalam bagian keempat, anda akan mendengar monolog dan kemudian mendapat pertanyaan
tentang hal itu. Yang harus anda lakukan kurang lebih sama sebagaimana dalam
bagian sebelumnya, tetapi anda perlu lebih hati-hati dalam menyimak detail information dan
memperhatikan konteks. Cobalah untuk membaca pertanyaan-pertanyaan sebelum monolog
diperdengarkan, dan mendengarkan seluruh pembicaraan sebelum
memilih jawaban. Gunakan waktu anda dengan bijaksana, jangan tertinggal atau kehilangan
informasi penting yang terkait dengan pertanyaan berikutnya. Catatlah kata atau kalimat yang
bisa anda tangkap ke dalam sebuah oret - oretan kertas, karena hal tersebut akan sedikit
membantu anda ketika anda bingung menentukan pilihan jawaban.

“Success isn't always about greatness. It's about consistency.

Consistent hard work leads to success. Greatness will come.
Dwayne Johnson”
Read more at https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/dwayne_johnson_760902?src=t_hard_work