1 Geometrical Properties of Circles

Year 3 Mathematics 1
Geometrical Properties of
Circles
Name: ( ) Class: Year 3 - ___ Date:
Did you know that the circle is the shape that has the largest possible ratio of area to perimeter?
This fact is one of the main reasons why bottles have a circular horizontal cross-section; any other
shape would require more material to contain the same amount of space.
Circles are special ellipses that have a constant length around a centre. Circles and their various
properties such as the radius, diameter, circumference and area, have applications in real life. If
the radius of a circle is known, all the other parameters can be calculated. Important information
can be determined for real life applications based on these parameters. For example, knowing the
circumference of the planets helps us to compare their relative sizes; artificial satellites that are
launched travel in orbits of a certain circumference; the radius of curvature of a camera lens can be
used to determine its focal length, which will then determine the sharpness of an image; pizza and
cake sizes are determined by the diameter of the pan in which they are baked.
In this topic, we will be learning about circles and their properties.
Learning Objectives
Pre-requisites:
Students should be able to:
 relate the properties of a circle,
 find the circumference and area of circles, semi-circles and quadrants,
 apply trigonometric ratios for right-angled triangles to find unknown lengths or angles.
At the end of the topic, students should be able to:

understand and apply the following properties of circles
TO1 equal chords are equidistant from the centre of a circle
TO2 the perpendicular from the centre of a circle bisects a chord
TO3 tangents from an external point are equal in length
TO4 the line joining an external point to the centre of the circle bisects the angle between the
tangents
TO5 angle in a semi-circle is a right angle
TO6 angles in the same segment are equal
TO7 angles in the opposite segments are supplementary
TO8 angle between the tangent and the radius of a circle is a right angle
to solve problems
1
Adapted from Lim CH & Lai RW 2017, modified by Lim NY 2019
You are required to do self-directed learning (SDL) for this topic.
You will also need to take notes and summarise the topic for yourself.
E-learning
Instructions:
1. Login to Student Learning Space (https://vle.learning.moe.edu.sg/)
2. There are 3 lessons namely:

Part 1 Symmetry Properties of Circles (HBL)
Part 2 Angle Properties of Circles (HBL)
Part 3 Properties of Circles involving Tangents (June Holidays)
After your learning, create summary maps for yourself below.
Summary Maps
Symmetric Properties of Circles
2
Angle Properties of Circles
Tangent Properties
3
3. The last section will show you worked examples. Take note of the presentations in
working, writing of reasons and the pointers given in the boxes.
As you go through the following worked examples, do take note

 of the expected / proper presentation of solutions;
 that there should only be at most one property in each step;
 that every property should be indicated with its approved abbreviation;
 that all degree symbols should be indicated.
Worked Example 1 C
In the diagram, AB is a diameter of the circle with D
centre O . C and D are two points on the circle and
CD is parallel to AB . Given that angle AOD  58 , B
calculate 58
O
(a) angle ACD ,
A
(b) angle ABC ,
(c) angle CAD .
[Solution] [Shinglee Mathematics 3 (modified)]
(a) ˆ  58 ( at centre = 2  at circumference)

ACD
2
 29
(b) ˆ  29 (alternate s,   lines)

CAB
ˆ  90 (right  in semicircle)
BCA
ˆ  180  29  90 ( sum of )
ABC
 61
(c) ˆ  180  58 ( sum of isosceles )

OAD
2
 61
ˆ  61  29
CAD
 32
4
Worked Example 2
In the diagram below, P , Q , R and S are points on a circle. PQT and SRT are straight lines.
Given that angle PSR  62 and angle QRS  85 , find
(a) angle SPQ , (b) angle RQT , (c) angle QTR .
[Shinglee Mathematics 3 (modified)]
P Q
T
85
R
62
[Solution]
(a) ˆ  180  85 (s in opposite segments)
SPQ
= 95
(b) ˆ  62 (exterior  of cyclic quadrilateral)

RQT
(c) ˆ  62  85 (exterior  of )

QTR
ˆ  23
QTR
Worked Example 3
D
A circle, with centre O , passes through A , B ,
C and D . The tangents to the circle at A and A
B meet at P and BD is a diameter of the circle.
Given that angle APB  52 , find angle ACD . O
C
[Solution]
Join A to B by a dotted line.
PA  PB (tangents from external point) 52
P
ˆ  180  52 ( sum of isosceles )
ABP
B
2
= 64
ˆ  90 (tangent  radius)
DBP
ˆ  90  64
ABD
 26
ˆ  26 (s in same segment)
ACD
5
Self-Practice
From the document file 4 Geometrical Properties of Circles (Discovering Math)
Chord Properties of Circles Ex 10.1 (Pg 117 – 118) Q1 – 7
Angle Properties of Circles Ex 10.2 (Pg 128 – 130) Q1 – 9
Angle Properties of Circles Ex 10.3 (Pg 134 – 135) Q1 – 9
Tangent Properties of Circles Ex 10.4 (Pg 142 – 144) Q1 – 12
All Properties of Circles Revision Ex 10 (Pg 147 – 148) Q1 – 15
June Holiday Assignment (to be submitted in Term 3)

From the document file 4 Geometrical Properties of Circles (Discovering Math)
Ex 10.1 (Pg 118) Q5 & 7
Ex 10.2 (Pg 130) Q8 & 9
Ex 10.3 (Pg 135) Q6 & 9
Ex 10.4 (Pg 143 – 144) Q8 & 12
Revision Ex 10 (Pg 148) Q11, 12, 13, 14 & 15
6

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Year 3 Mathematics 1

At the end of the topic, students should be able to:

2. There are 3 lessons namely:

After your learning, create summary maps for yourself below.

Symmetric Properties of Circles

As you go through the following worked examples, do take note

(a) ˆ  58 ( at centre = 2  at circumference)

(b) ˆ  29 (alternate s,   lines)

(c) ˆ  180  58 ( sum of isosceles )

(b) ˆ  62 (exterior  of cyclic quadrilateral)

(c) ˆ  62  85 (exterior  of )

June Holiday Assignment (to be submitted in Term 3)

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