(In) (As) (In) (On) (From) (That (Who) : Historians Have Focused A Great Deal of Attention

1. Historians have increasingly focused on accurately determining the status of women in different time periods due to the feminist movement. 2. The passage suggests that a historian comparing crime rates between decades in a 15th century European city would benefit most from better information about population numbers or record keeping practices. 3. Islam represented a break from previous Arab paganism, and Islamic law was developed by examining legal issues in conquered lands, incorporating elements of pre-Islamic Arab and local laws.

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(In) (As) (In) (On) (From) (That (Who) : Historians Have Focused A Great Deal of Attention

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Marc Gao

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DAY4

1. In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians

have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining
more accurately the status of women in various periods.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to

compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of
the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century
would probably be most aided by better information about which of the
following?

3. Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the

Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an
examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far
from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws
of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the
non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories

4. A critique of Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not

appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation
between slavery and racial prejudice should be re-examined, and that
explanations for the different treatment of black slaves in north and
South America should be expanded.

5. The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established

fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to
result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle, are composed
of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge
system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.

解析：

6. (In large part) (as a consequence of the feminist movement), historians

have focused a great deal of attention (in recent years) (on determining
more accurately the status of women in various periods).

7. It can be inferred (from the passage) (that a historian (who wished to

compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of
the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century)
would probably be most aided by better information about which of the
following)?
这一句子当中小的介词短语太多了，我没有一一点出来，关键要看清
楚后面的 that 和 who 从句的结构，另外里面的 compare.. .with 隔得很
开！

8. Islam, (on the other hand), represented a radical breakaway (from the
Arab paganism (that preceded it)); Islamic law is the result of an
examination, (from a religious angle), (of legal subject matter) (that
was far from uniform), (comprising (as it did) the various components
(of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia) and numerous legal elements (taken
over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories)).
这里的 components 和 elements 平行，都是跟在 comprising 后面的。
相信这么复杂的句子，只要你能够把结构这么详细的分析清楚，一定
能读懂大致的语义。

9. A critique (of Handlin’s interpretation) (of why legal slavery did not
appear until the 1660’s) suggests (that assumptions (about the relation
between slavery and racial prejudice) should be re-examined), and (that
explanations (for the different treatment of black slaves in north and
South America) should be expanded).
两个 that 从句的平行是关键

10. The best evidence (for the layered-mantle thesis) is the well-
established fact (that volcanic rocks (found on oceanic islands), (islands
believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle),
are composed of material (fundamentally different from that of the mid-
ocean ridge system), (whose source, most geologists contend, is the
upper mantle.))
这里 island 是重复性同位语，同位语的一种，正课的时候也会详细讲到的。