The document discusses hydraulic pumps, turbines, and their performance under different operating conditions. It contains solutions to 5 questions about: [1] the functions of pumps and turbines; [2] determining the number of pumps needed to reach a total head; [3] calculating the specific speed, normal speed, and output of a turbine; [4] finding the speed and head of a similar pump; and [5] performance of a turbine under a different head using similarity laws. Similarity laws for flow, head, power, and pumps/turbines are applied to solve for various parameters.
The document discusses hydraulic pumps, turbines, and their performance under different operating conditions. It contains solutions to 5 questions about: [1] the functions of pumps and turbines; [2] determining the number of pumps needed to reach a total head; [3] calculating the specific speed, normal speed, and output of a turbine; [4] finding the speed and head of a similar pump; and [5] performance of a turbine under a different head using similarity laws. Similarity laws for flow, head, power, and pumps/turbines are applied to solve for various parameters.
The document discusses hydraulic pumps, turbines, and their performance under different operating conditions. It contains solutions to 5 questions about: [1] the functions of pumps and turbines; [2] determining the number of pumps needed to reach a total head; [3] calculating the specific speed, normal speed, and output of a turbine; [4] finding the speed and head of a similar pump; and [5] performance of a turbine under a different head using similarity laws. Similarity laws for flow, head, power, and pumps/turbines are applied to solve for various parameters.
The document discusses hydraulic pumps, turbines, and their performance under different operating conditions. It contains solutions to 5 questions about: [1] the functions of pumps and turbines; [2] determining the number of pumps needed to reach a total head; [3] calculating the specific speed, normal speed, and output of a turbine; [4] finding the speed and head of a similar pump; and [5] performance of a turbine under a different head using similarity laws. Similarity laws for flow, head, power, and pumps/turbines are applied to solve for various parameters.
Q1. What are the functions of hydraulic pumps and turbines?
Solution: Pump is a hydraulic machine which supplies energy to fluid in certain operation, such as in water distribution system. Turbine is a hydraulic machine that utilises the energy of fluids to move other types of machineries. (2)
Q2. 0.5 m3/s of water is to be pumped to a total head of 250 m. How many pumps connected in series should be required if each pump has a specific speed of 35 and speed of 1500 rpm?
Solution: Given Qtotal = 0.5 m3/s, Htotal = 250 m. Pumps are connected in series with Ns = 35 and N = 1500 rpm.
N Q For pump, specific speed is N s = 3 4 H 4 ⎛ 4 ⎞ 1 3 ⎛N Q ⎜ 1500 × 0.5 2 ⎟ ⎞3 Thus, H = ⎜ ⎟ =⎜ ⎟ = 94.48 m (2) ⎜ Ns ⎟ ⎜ 35 ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 250 Number of pumps required = = 2.65 ≈ 3 (1) 94.48
Q3. A turbine develops 8500 kW under a head of 18 m at 150 rpm. Calculate
a. specific speed b. normal speed under a head of 25 m c. output under a head of 25 m
Solution: Given P = 8500 kW, H = 18 m, N = 150 rpm.
N P 150 8500 a. Ns = 5 = 5 = 373.0 (1) 4 4 H 18
b. Similitude law of head
N 1 D1 N 2 D 2 = H1 H2 Since the same turbine, D1 = D2
1/3 25 N 1 = 150 × = 176.8 rpm (2) 18
c. Similitude law of power
P1 P 3 5 = 32 5 N 1 D1 N 2 D2 Since the same turbine, D1 = D2 N3 176.8 3 P1 = P2 × 13 = 8500 × = 13,918.5 kW (2) N2 150 3
Q4. A centrifugal pump has an impeller of 200 mm with capacity 400 L/s at speed 1200 rpm against a head of 12 m. Calculate the speed and head of a geometrically similar pump with impeller diameter of 300 mm which is required to deliver 700 L/s.
Solution: Given D1 = 0.2 m, Q1 = 0.4 m3/s, N1 = 1200 rpm, H1 = 12 m. D2 = 0.3 m, Q2 = 0.7 m3/s.
H1 H 2 2 = 22 2 N 1 D1 N 2 D2 N 22 D22 622.2 2 0.3 2 H2 = × × H1 = × × 12 = 7.259 m (2) N 12 D12 1200 2 0.2 2
Q5. A turbine is to operate under a head of 28 m at 185 rpm. The discharge is 10 m3/s. If the efficiency is 87%, determine the performance (N, Q, P) of the turbine under a head of 20 m.
Solution: Given H1 = 28 m, N1 = 185 rpm, Q1 = 10 m3/s.
