Avery Appeal

Case 2017AP002288 Brief of Appellant Filed 10-14-2019 Page 1 of 150
Case No. 2017 AP 002288

RECEIVED
In the 10-14-2019
State of Wisconsin
CLERK OF COURT OF APPEALS
OF WISCONSIN
Court of Appeals
District II
STATE OF WISCONSIN,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
STEVEN A. AVERY,
Defendant-Appellant.
_______________________________________
On Appeal from the Orders Denying Postconviction Relief and
Additional Scientific Testing Entered in the Circuit Court of Manitowoc County,
Case Number: 2005CF000381.
The Honorable Angela W. Sutkiewicz, Presiding Judge.
BRIEF OF DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
STEVEN A. AVERY
KATHLEEN T. ZELLER STEVEN G. RICHARDS

Admitted Pro Hac Vice State Bar No. 1037545
KATHLEEN T. ZELLNER & ASSOCIATES, PC EVERSON & RICHARDS, LLP
1901 Butterfield Road 127 Main Street
Suite 650 Casco, Wisconsin 54205
Downers Grove, Illinois 60515 (920) 837-2653
(630) 955-1212
Attorneys for Defendant-Appellant
COUNSEL PRESS ∙ (866) 703-9373 PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................................................................... v
ISSUES PRESENTED ............................................................................................. 1
STATEMENT ON ORAL ARGUMENT AND PUBLICATION .......................... 4
STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY ........................ 5
I. The State’s case ............................................................................................. 5
A. The State’s timeline for October 31, 2005 and witnesses .................. 6
B. The State’s forensic evidence ........................................................... 10
II. The Defense Case ........................................................................................ 23
A Defense forensic evidence ................................................................ 23
B. Third-party suspects ......................................................................... 25
III. Postconviction and direct appeal ................................................................. 27
IV. Pro Se postconviction § 974.06 ................................................................... 28
V. Motion for Scientific Testing § 971.23(5), § 974.07, and Second

Postconviction § 974.06 .............................................................................. 29
ARGUMENT ......................................................................................................... 33
I. The circuit court abused its discretion in denying Mr. Avery’s motion to
vacate its October 3, 2017, order and allow additional scientific testing ... 33
A. Standard of review ........................................................................... 35
B. The circuit court erred in not complying with the prior trial court
order regarding scientific testing ...................................................... 36
i
II. The circuit court abused its discretion in summarily dismissing

Mr. Avery’s second motion pursuant to Wis. Stats. § 974.06 without
addressing the 5 Brady claims raised and in subsequently denying Mr.
Avery’s Motion to Supplement which raised a 6th Brady claim all of
which deprived him of due process, in violation of the Wisconsin and
United States Constitution ........................................................................... 39
B. Brady violation re Mr. Rahmlow ..................................................... 40
C. Brady violation re Mr. Radandt ....................................................... 45
D. Brady violation re original flyover video taken on November

4, 2005 .............................................................................................. 46
E. Brady violation re Zipperer voicemail ............................................. 46
F. Brady violation re Ms. Heitl ............................................................. 48
G. Brady violation re Dassey-Janda CD ............................................... 49
III. The circuit court erred as a matter of law in failing to address Mr. Avery’s
claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel............................................ 65
B. Failure to hire experts case law ........................................................ 66
C. Failure to hire experts ....................................................................... 68
D. Failure to investigate and impeach the State’s primary witness:

Bobby ............................................................................................... 82
E. Failure to establish Mr. Hillegas as a Denny third-party

suspect .............................................................................................. 87
F. Trial defense counsel failed to investigate a variety of

additional topics ............................................................................... 89
ii
IV. The circuit court erred as a matter of law, in ruling that it was not
authorized by statute to resolve claims of ineffective assistance of
prior postconviction counsel, and that Mr. Avery would have to
pursue that claim with the Court of Appeals pursuant to State
v. Knight, 168 Wis. 2d 509, 484 N.W.2d 540 (1992) ................................. 89
B. Mr. Avery is not challenging ineffectiveness of prior appellate

counsel .............................................................................................. 90
C. Mr. Avery’s current claims are clearly stronger than prior

postconviction counsel’s claims ....................................................... 91
V. The circuit court abused its discretion in dismissing Mr. Avery’s second
motion pursuant to Wis. Stats. § 974.06 without requiring the State to
respond or conduct an evidentiary hearing ................................................. 97
VI. The circuit court erred as a matter of law in applying the wrong
standard to the newly discovered evidence ............................................... 107
VII. Mr. Avery raised sufficient reason as to why these issues could not
have been raised in prior motions pursuant to Wis. Stats. § 974.06 ......... 110
A. Standard of review ......................................................................... 111
B. Mr. Avery has demonstrated a sufficient reason for failing to

raise the current claims earlier ....................................................... 111
C. Mr. Avery’s pro se motion ............................................................. 113
VIII. The circuit court abused its discretion in denying Mr. Avery’s
motion to reconsider and his three supplements to said motion,
which included new evidence developed after his original filing
on June 7, 2017 .......................................................................................... 116
A. Standard of review ......................................................................... 116
B. Mr. Avery’s motion for reconsideration and its supplements

presented new evidence not ruled upon in the circuit court’s
October 3, 2017 order..................................................................... 117
iii
IX. The circuit court abused its discretion in ignoring the subsequent
briefs submitted by the parties incident to the motion to supplement...... 121
X. The circuit court erred in denying Mr. Avery’s supplemental motion

for postconviction relief pursuant to Wis. Stat. § 974.06 concerning
the discovery of human bones in the Manitowoc County Gravel Pit
before trial ................................................................................................ 121
(a) Materiality ...................................................................................... 126
(b) Potentially exculpatory evidence preserved under Wis. Stat.

§ 968.205 ........................................................................................ 127
(c) The DNA evidence preservation statute presumes that every

violation constitutes “bad faith." .................................................... 128
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 132
CERTIFICATION AS TO FORM/LENGTH ...................................................... 133
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 809.19(12) .......................... 134
iv
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Alvarez v. Boyd,
225 F.3d 820 (7th Cir. 2000) ............................................................................ 81
Banks v. Dretke,
540 U.S. 668
124 S. Ct. 1256 (2004) ...................................................................................... 54
Beaman v. Freesmeyer,
776 F.3d 500 (7th Cir. 2015) .......................................................................... 110
Bies v. Sheldon,
775 F.3d 386 (6th Cir. 2014) ...................................................................... 64, 65
Brady v. Maryland,
373 U.S. 83
83 S. Ct. 1194 (1963) ................................................................................. passim
California v. Trombetta,
467 U.S. 479 (1984) ................................................................................ 125, 126
Chambers v. Mississippi,
410 U.S. 284
93 S. Ct. 1038 (1973) ........................................................................................ 63
Dassey v. Dittman,
877 F.3d 297 (7th Cir. 2017) ............................................................................ 23
Dixon v. Snyder,
266 F.3d 693 (7th Cir. 2001) ............................................................................ 81
Dressler v. McCaughtry,
238 F.3d 908 (7th Cir. 2001) ...................................................................... 59, 60
Ex parte Abrams,
Case No. AP-75366, 2006 WL 825775
(Tex. Crim. App. Mar. 29, 2006) ................................................................ 71, 72
Fritsche v. Ford Motor Credit Co.,

171 Wis. 2d 280
491 N.W.2d 119 (Ct. App. 1992) .................................................................. 118
v
Giglio v. United States,

405 U.S. 150
92 S. Ct. 763 (1972) .............................................................................. 40, 57, 62
Goudy v. Basinger,
604 F.3d 394 (7th Cir. 2010) ............................................................................ 63
Gritzner v. Michael R.,

235 Wis. 2d 781
611 N.W.2d 906 (2000) .................................................................................... 97
Harrington v. Richter,
562 U.S. 86
131 S. Ct. 770 (2011) ........................................................................................ 66
Holmes v. South Carolina,

547 U.S. 319
126 S. Ct. 1727 (2006) ...................................................................................... 63
Jones v. Secura Ins. Co.,

249 Wis. 2d 623
638 N.W.2d 575 (2002) .................................................................................... 89
Kimmelman v. Morrison,
477 U.S. 365 (1986), superseded by statute, Antiterrorism and
Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214,
as recognized in
Thomas v. Sullivan,
2011 WL 5075807 (C.D. Cal.) ................................................................... 81, 82
Koepsell’s Olde Popcorn Wagons, Inc. v.

Koepsell’s Festival Popcorn Wagons, Ltd.,
275 Wis. 2d 397
685 N.W.2d 853 (Ct. App. 2004) ................................................... 116, 117, 119
Kyles v. Whitley,
514 U.S. 419
115 S. Ct. 1555 (1995) .......................................................................... 62, 63, 64
Maskrey v. Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft,

125 Wis. 2d 145
370 N.W.2d 815 (Ct. App. 1985) ..................................................................... 80
vi
Mosley v. Atchison,
689 F.3d 838 (7th Cir. 2012) .......................................................................... 110
Mullen v. Coolong,
153 Wis. 2d 401
451 N.W.2d 412 (1990) .................................................................................... 35
Olson v. Town of Cottage Grove,

309 Wis. 2d 365
749 N.W.2d 211 (2008) .................................................................................... 89
Raether v. Meisner,
608 Fed. Appx. 409 (7th. Cir. 2015) ................................................................. 94
Rohl v. State,
96 Wis. 2d 621
292 N.W.2d 636 (1980) .............................................................................. 97, 98
Sims v. Hyatte,
913 F.3d 1078 (7th Cir. 2019) .................................................................... 58, 62
Socha v. Richardson,
874 F.3d 983 (7th Cir. 2017) ............................................................................ 52
State ex rel. Flores v. State,

183 Wis. 2d 587
516 N.W.2d 362 (1994) .................................................................................... 89
State ex rel. Kyles v. Pollard,

354 Wis. 2d 626
847 N.W.2d 805 (2014) ............................................................................ 40, 115
State ex rel. Lewandowski v. Callaway,

118 Wis. 2d 165
346 N.W.2d 457 (1984) .................................................................................... 35
State ex rel. Rothering v. McCaughtry,

205 Wis. 2d 675
556 N.W.2d 136 (Ct. App. 1996) ....................................................... 90, 91, 112
State v. Allen,
274 Wis. 2d 568
682 N.W.2d 433 (2004) ............................................................................. passim
vii
State v. Aaron Allen,

328 Wis. 2d 1
86 N.W.2d 124 (2010) ............................................................................ 112, 115
State v. Brian Avery,

345 Wis. 2d 407
826 N.W.2d 60 (2013) .................................................................................... 108
State v. Balliette,
336 Wis. 2d 358
805 N.W.2d 334 (2011) ..................................................................... 91, 96, 112
State v. Bentley,
201 Wis. 2d 303
548 N.W.2d 50 (1996) ................................................................................ 97, 99
State v. Brockett,
254 Wis. 2d 817
647 N.W.2d 357 (Ct. App. 2002) ................................................................... 118
State v. DeLao,
252 Wis. 2d 289
643 N.W.2d 480 (2002) ............................................................................... 55-56
State v. Delgado,
194 Wis. 2d 737
535 N.W.2d 450 (Ct. App. 1995) ..................................................................... 82
State v. Denny,
120 Wis. 2d 614
357 N.W.2d 12 (Ct. App. 1984) ................................................................ passim
State v. Denny,
368 Wis. 2d 363
878 N.W.2d 679 (2016), rev’d, 2017 WI 17..................................................... 37
State v. Domke,
337 Wis. 2d 268
805 N.W.2d 364 (2011) .............................................................................. 66, 82
viii
State v. Edmunds,
308 Wis. 2d 374
746 N.W.2d 590 (Ct. App. 2008) ........................................................... 108, 110
State v. Edwards,
262 Wis. 2d 448
665 N.W.2d 136 (2003) .................................................................................. 118
State v. Escalona-Naranjo,
185 Wis. 2d 168
517 N.W.2d 157 (1994) ............................................................................. passim
State v. Greenwold,
181 Wis. 2d 881 (Ct. App. 1994) .................................................................... 125
State v. Greenwold,
189 Wis. 2d 59 (Ct. App. 1994) ...................................................... 125, 127, 128
State v. Harris,
272 Wis. 2d 80
680 N.W.2d 737 (2004) .................................................................. 40, 44, 57, 62
State v. Hayes,
273 Wis. 2d 1
681 N.W.2d 203 (2004) ............................................................................ 35, 117
State v. Howard,
211 Wis. 2d 269
564 N.W.2d 753 (1997) .................................................................................. 115
State v. Hubert,
181 Wis. 2d 333
510 N.W.2d 799 (Ct. App. 1993) ..................................................................... 82
State v. Jenkins,
355 Wis. 2d 180
848 N.W.2d 786 (2014) .................................................................. 65, 66, 82, 95
State v. Knight,
168 Wis. 2d 509
484 N.W.2d 540 (1992) .................................................................... 2, 89, 90, 91
ix
State v. Leitner,
247 Wis. 2d 195
633 N.W.2d 207 (2001) .................................................................................... 98
State v. Lo,
264 Wis. 2d
665 N.W.2d 756 (2003) .......................................................................... 111, 113
State v. Love,
284 Wis. 2d 111
700 N.W.2d 62 (2005) ............................................................................ 107, 112
State v. McCallum,
208 Wis. 2d 463
561 N.W.2d 707 (1997) .......................................................................... 107, 110
State v. Moffett,
147 Wis. 2d 343
433 N.W.2d 572 (1989) .................................................................................... 81
State v. O’Brien,
223 Wis. 2d 303
588 N.W.2d 8 (1999) .................................................................................. 37, 38
State v. Pitsch,
124 Wis. 2d 628
369 N.W.2d 711 (1985) .............................................................................. 95, 96
State v. Plude,
310 Wis. 2d 28
750 N.W.2d 42 (2008) ................................................................................ 61, 86
State v. Pulizzano,
155 Wis. 2d 633
456 N.W.2d 325 (1990) .................................................................................... 63
State v. Rockette,
294 Wis. 2d 611
718 N.W.2d 269 (2006) .................................................................................... 40
State v. Romero-Georgana,
360 Wis. 2d 522
849 N.W.2d 668 (2014) .................................................................................. 111
x
State v. Smith,
268 Wis. 2d 138
671 N.W.2d 854 (2003) ............................................................................... 95-96
State v. Thiel,
264 Wis. 2d 571
665 N.W.2d 305 (2003) ............................................................................. passim
State v. Vollbrecht,
344 Wis. 2d 69
820 N.W.2d 443 (2012) .................................................................................... 61
State v. Wayerski,
2019 WI 11
385 Wis. 2d 344
922 N.W.2d 468 (2019) ........................................................................ 54, 55, 56
State v. Wilson,
362 Wis. 2d 193
864 N.W.2d 52 ................................................................................................. 49
State v. Zimmerman,
266 Wis. 2d 1003
669 N.W.2d 762 (Ct. App. 2003) ..................................................................... 67
Steinkuehler v. Meschner,
176 F.3d 441 (8th Cir. 1999) ............................................................................. 95
Strickland v. Washington,
466 U.S. 668
104 S. Ct. 2052 (1984) ............................................................................... passim
Strickler v. Greene,
527 U.S. 263
119 S. Ct. 1936 (1999) ................................................................................ 40, 62
Thomas v. Clements,
789 F.3d 760 (7th Cir. 2015) ............................................................................ 67
Thompson v. City of Chicago,

722 F.3d 963 (7th Cir. 2013) ............................................................................ 50
xi
Turner v. United States,

137 S. Ct. 1885 (2017) ................................................................................ 58, 63
United States v. Bagley,

473 U.S. 667
105 S. Ct. 3375 (1985) ................................................................................ 44, 62
United States v. Cronic,

466 U.S. 648
104 S. Ct. 2039 (1984) ...................................................................................... 82
Ver Hagen v. Gibbons,

55 Wis. 2d 21
197 N.W.2d 752 (1972) ......................................................................... 118, 119
Washington v. Smith,
219 F.3d 620 (7th Cir. 2000) ............................................................................ 94
Wearry v. Cain,
136 S. Ct. 1002
194 L. Ed. 2d 78 (2016) .............................................................................. 43, 62
Whitmore v. State,
56 Wis. 2d 706
203 N.W.2d 56 (1973) ...................................................................................... 82
Whitlock v. Brueggeman,
682 F.3d 567 (7th Cir. 2012) ............................................................................ 50
Wiggins v. Smith,
539 U.S. 510
123 S. Ct. 2527 (2003) ................................................................................ 81, 82
Williams v. Taylor,
529 U.S. 362
120 S. Ct. 1495 (2000) .............................................................................. 81, 110
Woolley v. Rednour,
702 F.3d 411 (7th Cir. 2012) ............................................................................ 66
Youngblood v. Arizona,
488 U.S. 51 (1988) ..................................................................................... passim
xii
Youngblood v. West Virginia,

547 U.S. 867
126 S. Ct. 2188 (2006) ...................................................................................... 64
Zuehl v. State,
69 Wis. 2d 355
230 N.W.2d 673 (1975) .................................................................................... 98
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
AND STATUTES CITED
U.S. Constitution
U.S. Const., amend. VI ........................................................................................... 65
U.S. Const., amend. XIV ................................................................................ 65, 125
Wisconsin Statutes
Wis. Stat. § 805.17 ............................................................................................... 117
Wis. Stat. § 805.17(3) ................................................................................... 117, 118
Wis. Stat. § 806.07 ................................................................................................. 35
Wis. Stat. § 808.10 ................................................................................................. 28
Wis. Stat. § 809.22 ................................................................................................... 4
Wis. Stat. § 809.23 ................................................................................................... 4
Wis. Stat. § 809.30(2)(h) ........................................................................................ 27
Wis. Stat. § 904.04(2) ............................................................................................. 60
Wis. Stat. § 904.04(2)(a) ........................................................................................ 59
Wis. Stat. § 940.01(1)(a) ........................................................................................ 27
Wis. Stat. § 941.29(2)(a) ........................................................................................ 27
Wis. Stat. § 968.205 ........................................................................................ passim
Wis. Stat. § 968.205(2) ......................................................................................... 129
Wis. Stat. § 968.205(3)(a) .................................................................................... 129
xiii
Wis. Stat. § 968.205(3)(b) .................................................................................... 129
Wis. Stat. § 968.205(4) ......................................................................................... 129
Wis. Stat. § 971.23(1)(h) ........................................................................................ 41
Wis. Stat. § 971.23(5) ............................................................................................. 29
Wis. Stat. § 972.11 ......................................................................................... 36, 117
Wis. Stat. § 974.02 ..................................................................................... 40, 91, 93
Wis. Stat. § 974.06 .......................................................................................... passim
Wis. Stat. § 974.06(1) ........................................................................................... 118
Wis. Stat. § 974.06(3)(c) ...................................................................................... 118
Wis. Stat. § 974.06(3)(d) ........................................................................................ 98
Wis. Stat. § 974.06(4) ................................................................................... 108, 112
Wis. Stat. § 974.06(6) ..................................................................................... 35, 118
Wis. Stat. § 974.07 ................................................................................... 29, 38, 126
Wis. Stat. § 974.07(2) ............................................................................................. 38
Wis. Stat. § 974.07(2)(c) ........................................................................................ 38
Wis. Stat. § 974.07(7)(a)(2) .................................................................................... 37
OTHER AUTHORITIES CITED
Nat’l Comm’n on the Future of DNA Evidence, U.S. Dep’t of Justice,

Postconviction DNA Testing: Recommendations for Handling
Requests 4 (1999) ...................................................................................... 127
xiv
ISSUES PRESENTED
I. Did the circuit court abuse its discretion in denying Mr. Avery’s motion to
vacate its October 3, 2017, order and allow additional scientific testing?
The circuit court answered: No.
II. Did the circuit court abuse its discretion in summarily dismissing Mr. Avery’s
second motion pursuant to Wis. Stats. § 974.06 without addressing the 5 Brady
claims raised and in subsequently denying Mr. Avery’s Motion to Supplement
which raised a 6th Brady claim all of which deprived him of due process, in
violation of the Wisconsin and United States Constitution?
The circuit court did not address the 5 Brady claims.
The circuit court answered: No to the 6th Brady claim.
III. Did the circuit court err as a matter of law in failing to address Mr. Avery’s
claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel?
1
IV. Did the circuit court err, as a matter of law, in ruling that it was not authorized
by statute to resolve claims of ineffective assistance of prior counsel, and that
Mr. Avery would have to pursue that claim with the Court of Appeals pursuant
to State v. Knight 168 Wis.2d 509, 484 N.W.2d 540 (1992)?
V. Did the circuit court abuse its discretion in dismissing Mr. Avery’s second
motion pursuant to Wis. Stats.§ 974.06 without requiring the State to respond
or conduct an evidentiary hearing?
VI. Did the Circuit Court err as a matter of law in applying the wrong standard to
the newly discovered evidence?
VII. Did the circuit court abuse its discretion in ruling that the second motion of
Mr. Avery pursuant to Wis. Stats. § 974.06, failed to show a sufficient reason
as to why these issues could not have been raised in prior motions and is
2
therefore barred by State v. Escalona-Naranjo 185 Wis.2d 168, 517 N.W.2d
157 (1994)?
VIII. Did the circuit court abuse its discretion by denying Mr. Avery’s motion to
reconsider and his three supplements to said motion, which included new
evidence developed after his original filing on June 7, 2017?
IX. Did the circuit court abuse its discretion in ignoring the subsequent briefs
submitted by the parties incident to the Motion to Supplement?
X. Did the circuit court abuse its discretion by denying Mr. Avery’s supplemental
§ 974.06 motion for new trial pertaining to the discovery of human bones in
the Manitowoc County Gravel Pit southwest of the supposed crime scene?
3
STATEMENT ON ORAL ARGUMENT AND PUBLICATION
Pursuant to Wis. Stat. § 809.22 (2009–10), Appellant requests oral
argument to facilitate review of the complex legal issues raised herein, some of
which are believed to be of first impression. Pursuant to Wis. Stat. Rule § 809.23
(2017–18), a publication is warranted because the case is of interest to the public
and raises issues believed to be of first impression.
4
STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
I. THE STATE’S CASE
In the 4 months before her murder, 25-year-old Teresa Halbach (“Ms.
Halbach”) had been to the Avery salvage yard to take photographs of vehicles 5
times (June 20, 2005, August 22, 2005, August 29, 2005, September 19, 2005 and
October 10, 2005). (194:2; 694:22–24).1 Ms. Halbach worked for AutoTrader
magazine and had her own photography business. (696:165–66). AutoTrader is a
magazine that contains advertisements and photos of automobiles for sale.
Steven Avery (“Mr. Avery”) had arranged hustle shots with Ms. Halbach
previously by calling her cell phone directly, as he did on October 10, 2005.
(264:1; 694:96). Because hustle shots were not pre-arranged, the AutoTrader
office did not know about such shots until after they occurred, when the billing
took place. (694:56). A photographer earned more from a hustle shot than a shot
pre-arranged through AutoTrader. (694:45–46). Ms. Halbach did many such
hustle shots. (694:56, 100).
1
Citations to the record on appeal appear with the document number before the colon and the
page number after the colon. A citation to 429:16, for instance, refers this Court to page 16 of
document 429. Citations to different documents in the record are separated by semicolons.
Where available, parallel citations to the Separate Appendix appear in separate parentheticals
after the citations to the record. Mr. Avery shall cite to the concurrently filed Separate Appendix
as “App. [page number(s)].” Mr. Avery shall cite to exhibits from his 2007 trial as “T.E. [exhibit
number]” pursuant to direction from this Court. For purposes of this appeal, Mr. Avery shall refer
to the Manitowoc County Circuit Court that heard his trial as the “trial court.” Mr. Avery shall
refer to the specially assigned Sheboygan County Circuit Court that ruled on his most recent
motions as the “circuit court.”
5
A. The State’s timeline for October 31, 2005 and witnesses
8:12 a.m.: According to the State, Mr. Avery called AutoTrader and spoke
with Dawn Pliszka (“Ms. Pliszka”), the AutoTrader receptionist, in an attempt “to
lure” Ms. Halbach to the Avery salvage yard by setting up a photo shoot
appointment for his sister Barb Dassey’s (“Barb”) Plymouth van. Mr. Avery called
from his cell phone (920) 323-4038. Ms. Pliszka testified that the caller left the
telephone number, (920) 755-8715, the landline number for the Dassey-Janda
residence, and the Dassey-Janda address, 12930A Avery Road. (694:76–78;
258:1).
9:46 a.m.: Ms. Pliszka testified about an incoming call from AutoTrader to
Ms. Halbach, allegedly leaving the Dassey-Janda phone number and their address.
(316:1; 694:79).
11:43 a.m.: Ms. Halbach called the Dassey-Janda number, (920) 755-8715,
and left a message on their answering machine, which stated, “I don’t have your
address or anything, so I can’t stop by without getting--a call back from you.”
(702:159–60; 763:1–2; T.E. 218).
1:10 p.m.: Ms. Halbach arrived at Steven Schmitz’s (“Mr. Schmitz”)
residence. The State presented an incorrect timeline to the jury, based upon Mr.
Schmitz’s erroneous recollection that he received a call from Ms. Halbach at 1:10
p.m. (694:122–23; 621:63). Ms. Halbach’s phone records show that she called
Mr. Schmitz at 12:51 p.m. (315:1). Therefore, contrary to the State’s timeline,
6
Ms. Halbach arrived twenty minutes earlier at the Schmitz residence than the State
represented to the jury. (715:88).
2:12 p.m.: Ms. Halbach called the Zipperer residence and left a voicemail
on the Zipperer answering machine stating that she could not find their residence.
(694:134; 715:88). This voicemail is missing and was never turned over to trial
defense counsel. (603:150–51, at ¶ 297; 621:143-44).
2:24 p.m.: The State claimed that, as part of Mr. Avery’s effort to lure Ms.
Halbach to his property, Mr. Avery used “the *67, or blocked feature, where the
recipient of that call can’t tell who is calling.” (705:154). Ms. Halbach did not
answer this telephone call, and Mr. Avery did not leave a message.
2:27 p.m.: Ms. Halbach spoke to Ms. Pliszka and allegedly informed her
that she was on her way to the Avery property. The State provided no explanation
of how the unanswered 2:24 p.m. *67 call would have lured Ms. Halbach to the
Avery property. Three minutes later, Ms. Halbach told Ms. Pliszka that she was
on the way to the Avery property at 2:27 p.m. (694:80). The State never
explained how Ms. Halbach learned of the Dassey-Janda address. The telephone
records of AutoTrader, Ms. Halbach, and Mr. Avery do not show contact between
Ms. Halbach and Mr. Avery from 11:43 a.m. to 2:27 p.m. (314:1–2; 315:1–2;
621:189). Ms. Halbach’s text and computer messages were never retrieved by the
State.
2:35 p.m.: Mr. Avery placed the second *67 call at 2:35 p.m., but the call
was never connected. (705:155–56).
7
2:32–2:45 p.m.: The State’s primary witness was Bobby Dassey
(“Bobby”), who testified that he was asleep and woke up around 2:30 p.m. and
looked out of the kitchen window of the Dassey-Janda residence. Bobby testified
that he saw Ms. Halbach’s RAV-4 pull up, Ms. Halbach exit the vehicle, and start
taking pictures of the Dassey-Janda van. (689:38–39). When Ms. Halbach
finished photographing the van, Bobby saw her “walking up towards Uncle
Steve’s trailer.” (689:38; 715:91). Bobby then took a shower, and when he left
the property at about 2:45 p.m. to go bow hunting, he saw that Ms. Halbach’s
RAV-4 was still on the property but he did not see her. (689:38–40). Based upon
Bobby’s testimony, the State claimed that Mr. Avery was the last person to see
Ms. Halbach alive. (696:51).
2:41–2:43 p.m.: Ms. Halbach’s records indicate that a call was actively
forwarded at 2:41 p.m. using the Call Forward No Answer feature (“CFNA”).
After the 2:41 p.m. call on October 31, there are no other CFNA messages left;
rather, the subsequent calls are voicemails without CFNA. (315:1). The 2:41 p.m.
call to Ms. Halbach’s phone pinged off of the Whitelaw tower, which was 7.8
miles from the Avery property. (315:1).
3:00 p.m.: Scott Tadych (“Mr. Tadych”), Barb’s boyfriend, testified that at
about 3:00 p.m., he went bow hunting in Kewaunee, and, as he drove on Highway
147 going west, he saw Bobby driving east. (705:124).
3:46–3:47 p.m.: Bobby’s brother, Blaine Dassey (“Blaine”), testified that
at approximately 3:46 p.m. or 3:47 p.m., after he got off the school bus and was
8
walking home, he saw Mr. Avery place a plastic bag in his burn barrel, and the
barrel had white “smoke and flames” coming out of it. (705:67, 81). The State
Prosecutor, Kenneth Kratz (“Prosecutor Kratz”) claimed that, by 4:35 p.m., Mr.
Avery had burned Ms. Halbach’s electronic devices in his burn barrel. (715:93–
94).
4:35 p.m.: According to the State, Mr. Avery placed an “alibi call” to Ms.
Halbach’s phone from his landline. (715:93–94).
4:45 p.m.–dusk: Mr. Robert Fabian, a friend of Earl Avery’s (“Earl”),
testified that he saw smoke and smelled plastic being burned in Mr. Avery’s burn
barrel around dusk. (705:114–16).
7:30–7:45 p.m.: Mr. Tadych testified that he saw a large fire in Mr.
Avery’s burn pit with flames reaching above the roof of the garage, and he saw
Mr. Avery standing by the fire. (705:130–31). The State claimed that Ms.
Halbach was already murdered by this point and Mr. Avery was in the process of
“destroying, mutilating and burning her body” in his burn pit. (715:95).
11:00 p.m.: When Blaine got home from trick-or-treating, he testified that
he saw “Steven Avery sitting there watching the fire,” and that the flames were
about 4 or 5 feet. (705:70–71).2
2
The State failed to identify the following calls on October 31, 2005: 8:17 a.m. from AutoTrader
to Ms. Halbach, 8:39 a.m. from Mr. Avery to Bobby, 10:44 a.m. from Denise Heitl (“Ms. Heitl”)
to Ms. Halbach, 10:52 a.m. from AutoTrader to Ms. Halbach, 11:04 a.m. from Mr. Avery to
AutoTrader, 11:35 a.m from Ms. Halbach to Ms. Heitl.; and 12:44 p.m. from Steven Speckman
(“Mr. Speckman”) to Ms. Halbach. (315:2; 316:1; 630:150, 153; App. 295, 298; 315:2).
9
B. The State’s forensic evidence3
The State’s case against Mr. Avery was based almost exclusively on
circumstantial forensic evidence. The critical facts related to the State’s forensic
evidence are as follows:
November 5, 2005: Ms. Halbach’s RAV-4 was discovered on the
Southeast corner of the Avery property by two civilian searchers, Pamela Sturm
(“Pam”) and her daughter Nicole Sturm (“Nicole”), within 30 to 35 minutes of
their arrival. (694:230). According to the State, the speed with which Pam located
Ms. Halbach’s RAV-4 on the Avery salvage yard was attributable to “the hand of
God.” (715:39). Ms. Halbach’s RAV-4 was locked and partially obscured by
branches, plywood, and an old vehicle hood. According to the State, the RAV-4’s
battery had been disconnected to prevent the alarm from being activated.
(716:95–96). The State argued that it was readily apparent that Mr. Avery
intended to crush Ms. Halbach’s RAV-4 simply because the RAV-4 was found in
the vicinity of the car crusher. (715:38). Also, the State contended that the RAV-
4 could not have been driven onto the Avery property from the Radandt Pit
because of the 15–20 foot-high berm immediately to the south of the RAV-4,
3
The State presented the following experts at trial: John Ertl (“Mr. Ertl”), DNA analyst; Ronald
Groffy (“Mr. Groffy”), forensic imaging specialist; Sherry Culhane (“Ms. Culhane”), DNA
analyst; Nick Stahlke (“Mr. Stahlke”), blood spatter analyst; Dr. Donald Simley (“Dr. Simley”),
forensic odontologist; Dr. Leslie Eisenberg (“Dr. Eisenberg”), forensic anthropologist; Curtis
Thomas (“Mr. Thomas”), electronics engineer; William Newhouse (“Mr. Newhouse”), firearms
and toolmarks examiner; Kenneth Olson (“Mr. Olson”), trace evidence examiner; Dr. Jeffrey
Jentzen (“Dr. Jentzen”), forensic pathologist; Dr. Marc LeBeau (“Dr. LeBeau”), chemist; Michael
Riddle (“Mr. Riddle”), fingerprint identification analyst; Anthony Zimmerman (“Mr.
Zimmerman”), Cingular network engineer; and Bobbie Dohrwardt (“Ms. Dohrwardt”), Cellcom
technical support analyst.
10
which would have prevented entry from the Radandt Pit onto the Avery property.
(715:53–54).
November 6, 2005: Deputy David Siders found a tire rim in Mr. Avery’s
burn barrel. (700:153). Underneath the tire rim Ms. Halbach’s electronic devices
were discovered, including her Motorola V3 RAZR (“RAZR”) cell phone, the
circuit board for her Palm Zire 31 palm pilot, and components of her Canon
PowerShot A310 digital camera. (715:65–66; 700:155–56). Inexplicably, there
were unburned cans and unscorched foliage in the burn barrel. (648:1–2; T.E.
156).
November 7, 2005: The Wisconsin State Crime Lab (“WSCL”) discovered
5 small blood drops in Ms. Halbach’s vehicle. (604:91–97; T.E. 294). A DNA
profile of Mr. Avery was obtained from these drops. (604:94–97; 699:186–96).
November 8, 2005: Human bones, a tooth root fragment, and rivets from a
pair of jeans were found in the burn pit behind Mr. Avery’s garage, and a RAV-4
key was found in Mr. Avery’s trailer. (706:19; 700:55–56; 701:129–30). Mr.
Avery’s DNA profile was recovered from the RAV-4 key. (699:182–83). The
RAV-4 license plates were discovered in another vehicle at the Avery salvage yard
during a search by a volunteer. The male DNA on the plates was insufficient to
develop a full DNA profile. (695:2–5, 227).
November 9, 2005: Mr. Avery is arrested and charged with possession of a
firearm by a felon. (4:1–4; 242:1).
11
November 15, 2005: Mr. Avery is arrested and charged with first degree
intentional homicide for the Halbach murder. (4:1–4; 242:1).
March 1–2, 2006: Based on Brendan Dassey’s (“Brendan”) alleged
confessions, law enforcement conducted a search of Mr. Avery’s garage and
discovered fragments of 2 .22-caliber bullets (“#FL and #FK”) that had somehow
gone undetected during 6 previous searches (November 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12,
2005). (695:185–86, 199-200). Prosecutor Kratz held 2 press conferences where
he disclosed, in great detail, Brendan’s confession. (646:5).
March 8, 2006: The State filed an amended information adding the charges
of sexual assault, kidnapping, and false imprisonment counts. (32:1–5).
April 3, 2006: The hood latch of the RAV-4 was swabbed. (700:210).
May 8, 2006: Ms. Culhane confirmed that #FL had Ms. Halbach’s DNA on
it, and the profile developed from the RAV-4 hood latch matched Mr. Avery’s
DNA. (699:168, 176).
June 15, 2006: The State attempted to interject 9 items of “other acts”
evidence into its prosecution to corroborate the amended information filed on
March 8, 2006. The 9 acts consisted of 2 alleged acts of physical violence against
women and 1 against a cat, 1 act of reckless endangerment, 1 act of a convicted
felon in possession of a firearm, and 3 alleged acts of improper sexual behavior,
and 1 act of a phone conversation of an alleged sexual nature. (156:1–17).
12
September 22, 2006: The trial court ruled against the State’s 9 other acts
evidence, holding that it failed to find any meaningful relationship between the
other acts evidence and the charged offenses. In the trial court’s opinion, the other
acts evidence had virtually “zero probative value,” would be highly prejudicial,
and was clearly inadmissible. (156:1–17).
February 2, 2007: The State filed a second amended information dropping
the charges for sexual assault and kidnapping. At the beginning of the trial, the
State convinced the court to instruct the jury about a party-to-a-crime theory of
accomplice liability as to the homicide, mutilation of a corpse, and false
imprisonment charges then to be tried. (696:25–26).
Mr. Avery’s Blood in the RAV-4 Was Not Planted
Approximately 1–2 milliliters of Mr. Avery’s blood, allegedly from an
actively bleeding finger, was discovered in the RAV-4 in 5 places, i.e., on the
driver’s and passenger’s seats, rear passenger door jamb, CD case, and by the
ignition. Blood flakes were found on top of the driver’s side carpet. There was no
corresponding stain under the blood flakes. (699:144–48; 705:27).
The State claimed that no one in law enforcement had access to Mr.
Avery’s blood prior to November 5, 2005, to plant it. (716:112). The blood from
Mr. Avery’s bathroom was collected after the RAV-4 was removed from the
Avery property. (716:87). Also, the State argued that trial defense counsel had
failed to demonstrate exactly how the police could have planted Mr. Avery’s
13
blood in the RAV-4 because of “the sheer volume” and “sheer number of places”
where the blood was discovered. (715:58–59, 118, 121).
Prosecutor Kratz emphasized that Mr. Avery’s DNA profile from his blood
in Ms. Halbach’s vehicle came from the cut on the middle finger of his right hand,
which occurred during his struggle with Ms. Halbach. (715:118). The State’s
blood spatter expert, Mr. Stahlke, agreed in his testimony that the ignition stain
(648:1–2; T.E. 291) was consistent with somebody who could be actively bleeding
on their right hand. (704:220–21; 648:1–2). In his closing, Prosecutor Kratz stated
that the stain was “absolutely consistent with somebody with a cut to the outside
of the right hand and turning an ignition. . . .” (715:62).
The State, through its expert, Dr. LeBeau, attempted to rule out the 1996
blood vial as the source of Mr. Avery’s blood in the RAV-4. The blood in the
1996 tube was preserved by using EDTA. Dr. LeBeau tested 3 of the 6 swabs
from the RAV-4 and claimed there was no EDTA in them. (709:48).
Ms. Halbach’s Blood in the RAV-4
Mr. Stahlke, the State’s blood spatter expert, claimed that, after Ms.
Halbach had been shot, she was thrown into the rear cargo of the RAV-4, causing
impact spatter on the inside of the rear cargo door. (704:227–29; 648:1–2; T.E.
299). According to Mr. Stahlke, Ms. Halbach left a hair imprint from her bloodied
head on the side panel of the interior of the rear cargo area: “[T]he bloody hair
component; however, it is consistent with a bloody object such as a body being
14
comploded (phonetic) into the rear end of this vehicle.” (704:229; 648:1–2; T.E.
296–97). There was no mixture of Mr. Avery and Ms. Halbach’s blood, even
though Mr. Avery allegedly tossed Ms. Halbach in the RAV-4 as he was “actively
bleeding” from his right middle finger.
Despite the blood in the interior of the RAV-4 being linked to Mr. Avery,
there were no fingerprints of Mr. Avery on the interior or exterior of the RAV-4
even though the State’s fingerprint expert, Mr. Riddle, claimed that someone with
“sweaty hands” was more likely to leave prints than someone with dry hands.
(711:103). Prosecutor Kratz contended that Mr. Avery touched the hood latch
with sweaty hands that left his DNA profile. (715:119–20). Mr. Riddle testified
that he discovered 8 latent prints on the RAV-4 “that were suitable for
comparison.” (711:110). One of the 8 latents contained a palm print. (711:146).
The latent prints were located where the key for the cargo gate is inserted, along
the pillar that goes above the taillight assembly, on the other side of the wheel
cover, inside a rear passenger window, and on the hood. (711:143–44). Mr.
Avery was not matched to any of the 8 latent prints. (711:144). The State never
claimed that Mr. Avery was wearing gloves.
Mr. Riddle was never asked to examine the shell casings found in Mr.
Avery’s garage for fingerprints. The shell casings were never linked to #FL.
(711:120–21). A blood stain (#A-23) from a male on the rear cargo door of the
RAV-4 did not match Mr. Avery either. (704:88–89).
15
No Blood of Ms. Halbach in Mr. Avery’s Trailer, Garage or on the .22 LR Marlin
Glenfield.
There was no blood of Ms. Halbach in Mr. Avery’s trailer, garage, or on the
.22 LR Marlin Glenfield in his bedroom that was allegedly used to shoot Ms.
Halbach in the head. (700:96–98; 704:34).
Mr. Avery’s DNA on the RAV-4 Key
Between November 5–9, 2005, there were 7 searches of Mr. Avery’s trailer.
On the 6th entry, on November 8, Ms. Halbach’s Toyota key was observed for the
first time next to Mr. Avery’s bookcase in his bedroom. (701:129–30). The State
contended that Mr. Avery kept the key so that he could move the RAV-4 to crush
it.
During the November 8 search of Mr. Avery’s bedroom, Manitowoc
County Sheriff’s Department (“MCSD”) Sergeant Andrew Colborn (“Sgt.
Colborn”) conducted an hour-long search of Mr. Avery’s small bookcase.
(701:123). Sgt. Colborn testified that he tipped and twisted the bookcase, pulling
it away from the wall. (701:126). Sgt. Colborn testified that he forcefully pushed
the photo album into the bookcase, causing the Toyota key to fall out the back of
the shelf. Sgt. Colborn never explained how the key moved from behind the shelf
to a spot on the northwest side of the bookcase by Mr. Avery’s slippers.
(701:125–31).
During Sgt. Colborn’s interaction with the bookcase, MCSD Lieutenant
James Lenk (“Lt. Lenk”) left the bedroom. (701:129–30). When Lt. Lenk
16
returned, he noticed a Toyota key had suddenly appeared by the northwest side of
the bookcase on the carpet. (702:12–13; 196:2; Img. 25). Neither side
subpoenaed the bookcase for trial. (716:84–85).
The State admitted that even if the key was planted, as trial defense counsel
claimed, the jury should “set the key aside” because there was “enough other
evidence of Mr. Avery’s guilt” and “that key, in the big picture, in the big scheme
of things here, means very little.” (716:64).
The State relied upon Ms. Culhane to explain the absence of Ms. Halbach’s
DNA on her own key by explaining that the last person to handle the key was the
most likely source of the DNA. (704:104). Ms. Culhane testified that there was
no mixture of Ms. Halbach and Mr. Avery’s DNA on the key because, “[I]f you
have someone who’s a good shedder and sheds a lot of DNA when they touch
something, a lot of studies show that is going to be—the last person is going to be
the DNA you pick up.” (704:104).
Ms. Halbach’s Body Burned in Mr. Avery’s Burn Pit
The State relied upon the testimony of forensic anthropologist Dr.
Eisenberg to claim that Ms. Halbach was burned in Mr. Avery’s burn pit.
(715:104–05). Dr. Eisenberg testified that the primary burning episode was in the
burn pit behind Mr. Avery’s garage and that “at least a fragment or more of almost
every bone below the neck was recovered in that burn pit.” (706:166; 707:43).
Dr. Eisenberg stated on cross-examination that “[t]here is evidence from the Avery
17
property that there was transport of human bone. And I believe that transport
occurred from the original burn pit and adjacent areas, to barrel number two,”
which was the Dassey-Janda burn barrel. (707:37).
Dr. Eisenberg identified the bones designated by Calumet County evidence
tag #8675 (“#8675”) as being located southwest from the Avery property, which is
called the Manitowoc County Gravel Pit (#8675). (321:2; 707:10). Dr. Eisenberg
testified that her second report was a spreadsheet of tag numbers and the evidence
collected under each tag number. (706:221).
Dr. Eisenberg admitted that 1 bone fragment (#8675) from the Manitowoc
County Gravel Pit appeared to be a human pelvic bone with “a long, linear cut on
either side of those two bones that were still in proximity.” (707:18–19). Dr.
Eisenberg, in describing the “suspected” human pelvic bone, stated that “it was
clearly a joint articulation at the right side of the pelvis where the pelvis meets the
lower part of the spine.” (707:11). In the closing, Prosecutor Kratz stated that he
would take “20 seconds” to talk about the “possible human” pelvic bone in the
Manitowoc County Gravel Pit. (716:78). He said that these bones were
“possibl[y] human” so “[i]t means that we don’t know what it is,” “Dr. Eisenberg
didn’t know what they were,” and “Dr. Fairgrieve didn’t know what they were.”
(716:78–79). Dr. Scott Fairgrieve (“Dr. Fairgrieve”) was trial defense counsel’s
forensic anthropology expert.
Some larger human bones were found in the Dassey-Janda burn barrel
Evidence Tag 7964 (“#7964”). Dr. Eisenberg described a human scapula, portions
18
of a spinal column, metacarpals, and a fragment of long-bones in the Dassey-Janda
burn barrel. (706:231–33). The bones found in the Dassey-Janda burn barrel
(#7964) also exhibited evidence of cut marks. (756:29). Dr. Eisenberg claimed
that when she opened the container of bones from the Dassey-Janda burn barrel
(#7964), she got a “waft of flammable liquid or fluid,” but did not smell burned
rubber from tires. (707:6–7). Prosecutor Kratz admitted the bones were moved,
but claimed “the big bones” were moved by Mr. Avery from his burn pit to the
Dassey-Janda burn barrel “a couple hundred feet away.” (716:75–76).
SA Thomas Sturdivant (“SA Sturdivant”) testified that the burn pit bones
were “intertwined or mixed” in with the steel belt from the tires. (706:19).
Prosecutor Kratz stated in his closing, “The bones being intertwined and mixed in
is the State’s, or one of the State’s, strongest argument for this being the primary
burn site.” (715:97).
The State claimed Wisconsin Department of Justice Division of Criminal
Investigation (“DCI”) Agent Rodney Pevytoe (“Agent Pevytoe”) ruled out the
smelter and the woodburner as other possible burn sites on the Avery property.
(715:99–100).
The State called DCI Agent Kevin Heimerl (“Agent Heimerl”) to testify
that the investigators found 5, out of the standard 6, jean rivets marked “Daisy
Fuentes” in Mr. Avery’s burn pit. (698:161–62; 648:1–2; T.E. 275). The State
referenced Katie Halbach’s (“Katie”) testimony that Ms. Halbach had Daisy
Fuentes brand jeans that were missing after her disappearance. (699:39–40).
19
Cause of Death: 2 Gunshots to Head
The State claimed that Mr. Avery backed Ms Halbach’s RAV-4 into his
garage, closed the garage door, placed Ms. Halbach in the rear cargo area, then
removed her from the RAV-4, laid her on the garage floor, and shot her in the left
side and back of her head. (716:98–99). Dr. Eisenberg testified that the defect in
the parietal bone, above the left ear, showed the characteristic sign of an entrance
bullet wound (648:1–2; T.E. 391; T.E. 392), and a second defect in the occipital
region showed Ms. Halbach was also shot in the back of the head with a .22
caliber gun. (715:128; 706:172–73; 648:1–2; T.E. 393, 395). Additionally, the
State relied upon Mr. Olson, a trace metal expert, who testified that x-rays of the
skull defects in the parietal region showed particles of lead. (715:128; 703:15).
On November 6, 2005, 11 spent shell casings were found in Mr. Avery’s
garage but were never forensically linked to #FL or #FK or any items of evidence
in the case. (702:207–08). The State claimed that Mr. Avery cleaned the garage,
but his DNA was detected on the garage floor. (699:170–71).
Ms. Halbach’s DNA on Bullet (#FL)
There were 2 damaged bullets (#FL and #FK) eventually found on Mr.
Avery’s garage floor on March 1 and 2, 2006. (716:98; 648:1–2; T.E. 268, 271).
Ms. Culhane, the State’s DNA analyst, performed DNA testing on both bullets
(#FL and #FK), and DNA was only found on #FL. (699:164–67). After visually
examining #FL and observing no signs of blood, Ms. Culhane washed the bullet in
20
a buffer solution and developed a DNA profile matching Ms. Halbach. (699:163–
65). Ms. Culhane was not able to determine the source of the DNA and testified
that she could only determine that the DNA came from nucleated cells. Red blood
cells do not have nuclei so the DNA did not come from red blood cells. (704:106).
The State explained that Ms. Culhane’s contamination of the control
sample for #FL with her own DNA during the testing process did not diminish the
results of Ms. Culhane’s DNA comparison and subsequent identification of Ms.
Halbach’s DNA. (715:114).
The State’s ballistics expert, Mr. Newhouse, opined that the bullet
containing Ms. Halbach’s DNA was fired from the .22 LR Marlin Glenfield rifle
mounted above Mr. Avery’s bed. (707:116). Mr. Newhouse’s worksheet did not
indicate he performed a trace examination of #FL. (332:1).
The State’s forensic pathologist, Dr. Jentzen, testified that Ms. Halbach’s
cause of death was the result of 1 or 2 gunshot wounds to her head. (703:62–63).
Specifically, Dr. Jentzen testified that Ms. Halbach’s DNA got on #FL when it
travelled through her brain causing her death. (703:64–65).
Dr. Eisenberg testified that there was no evidence of other gunshot wounds
to the bones from other parts of Ms. Halbach’s body. (706:188). The State, in
relying upon Dr. Jentzen and Dr. Eisenberg’s opinions, told the jury in its closing
that Ms. Halbach was killed by gunshots to her head. (715:127–29).
21
Mr. Avery’s DNA on Hood Latch
The State claimed that Mr. Avery wanted to deactivate the RAV-4 alarm,
so he disconnected the battery cables after he opened the hood, touching the hood
latch, and leaving his DNA. (716:94–95). Prosecutor Kratz told the jury that this
DNA came from Mr. Avery’s “sweat”. There was no witness description of Mr.
Avery sweating on October 31, 2005. (696:87). Ms. Culhane never mentioned
sweat in her hood latch testimony. (699:173–75).
Leg irons and handcuffs were seized from Mr. Avery’s bedroom. (701:34–
35; 648:1–2; T.E. 203; T.E. 204). Ms. Culhane confirmed that there was no DNA
of Ms. Halbach on the leg irons or the handcuffs, but there was a mixture that
included Mr. Avery’s DNA. Ms. Culhane agreed that this meant these items were
not wiped down with bleach. (704:33–35). Mr. Avery’s mattress tested negative
for blood, as did his knives. (700:145). No hair from Ms. Halbach was found in
Mr. Avery’s residence, including in his vacuum cleaner. (695:106, 206–08).
On March 12, 2007, the State dismissed the false imprisonment charge.
(713:20–21).
22
Only 1 Person Committed the Crime
Prosecutor Kratz, in his rebuttal, told the jury, “It's not a difficult decision
that you have to make, because everything in this case pointed towards one
person, towards one defendant.” (716:119).4
II. The Defense Case
Mr. Avery was represented by retained attorneys Dean Strang (“Mr.
Strang”) and Jerome Buting (“Mr. Buting”). Mr. Avery paid trial defense counsel
$220,000.00 for his defense. (604:17–20). In contrast with the State’s 14 expert
witnesses, trial defense counsel presented 7 witnesses in total, only 2 of whom
were qualified as experts.
A. Defense forensic evidence
Mr. Avery’s Blood in the RAV-4
Trial defense counsel did not have a blood spatter expert. Trial defense
counsel only offered one source for the allegedly planted blood of Mr. Avery—the
1996 blood vial, which was located in an unsecured area of the courthouse.
4
In the Dassey opinion, the court references the State’s theory that Brendan participated in raping
and murdering Ms. Halbach with Mr. Avery, which contradicts the State’s theory in Mr. Avery’s
trial that he was the only perpetrator. Dassey v. Dittman, 877 F.3d 297 (7th Cir, 2017). In
Brendan’s trial, Prosecutor Kratz claimed that Ms. Halbach was killed by Mr. Avery stabbing her
in the stomach, Brendan slitting her throat, and Mr. Avery manually strangling her. Prosecutor
Kratz claimed Ms. Halbach was killed in Mr. Avery’s trailer, not shot in Mr. Avery’s garage.
(588:143).
23
(715:174). Obviously, this theory excluded anyone but law enforcement from
planting Mr. Avery’s blood.
Trial defense counsel did not do their own independent testing of the 1996
blood tube, rather they relied upon the testimony of Janine Arvizu (“Ms. Arvizu”)
to try to refute Dr. LeBeau. Ms. Arvizu held a bachelor’s degree in biochemistry
and worked as a laboratory quality auditor. (708:6–7). Ms. Arvizu testified that
Dr. LeBeau’s experiment did not account for the absence of a limit of detection,
his protocol was rushed, and no one had attempted such an EDTA experiment in
10 years. (708:78-81).
Additionally, trial defense counsel presented Rollie Johnson, the owner of
Mr. Avery’s trailer, who testified that he observed that the cut on Mr. Avery’s
finger was present prior to October 31, 2005. (712:176).
Discovery of RAV-4 Key with Mr. Avery’s DNA
Trial defense counsel failed to subpoena the bookcase to demonstrate for
the jury the credibility of Sgt. Colborn’s description of dislodging the key from the
back of the bookcase and having it migrate to the northwest side of the bookcase,
by Mr. Avery’s slippers. (716:84–85). Mr. Avery’s trial defense counsel did not
have a DNA or trace expert examine the key.
Mr. Avery’s DNA on Hood Latch
Trial defense counsel did not have a DNA expert analyze the swab from the
hood latch to determine if the quantity of DNA was consistent with an individual
24
opening a hood latch 1 time. Trial defense counsel did not have a trace expert
analyze the hood latch swab to determine if it had actually swabbed a hood latch.
Bones in Mr. Avery’s Burn Pit
Trial defense counsel claimed the bones of Ms. Halbach were planted in
Mr. Avery’s burn pit, but presented no evidence as to who planted the bones,
when, or how they were planted Dr. Fairgrieve would not offer an opinion as to
whether Mr. Avery’s burn pit was the primary location of the body burning and
admitted that he had only looked at photographs and not examined the actual
bones. (708:134–35, 126).
Ms. Halbach’s DNA on Bullet
Trial defense counsel did not have a ballistics, trace, or DNA expert
conduct experiments or microscopically examine #FL. Trial defense counsel
speculated that because Ms. Culhane had contaminated the control sample for
#FL, she may also have transferred Ms. Halbach’s DNA onto #FL. Trial defense
counsel stated that Ms. Culhane had Ms. Halbach’s DNA from the RAV-4 cargo
area “sitting right there on her bench” so “you can’t tell how and whether Teresa
Halbach’s DNA ended up there in the same extraction mechanism.” (715:194-95).
B. Third-party suspects
On January 30, 2007, the trial court precluded Mr. Avery from offering
direct evidence “that a third party other than Brendan Dassey, participated in the
commission of the crimes charged in the Amended Information.” (238:1–15).
25
Trial defense counsel named third-party suspects pursuant to State v. Denny, 120
Wis. 2d 614, 357 N.W.2d 12 (Ct. App. 1984), which included Mr. Tadych, Andres
Martinez, James Kennedy, Charles Avery, Mr. Fabian, Earl, Blaine, Bobby, and
Bryan Dassey (“Bryan”). The trial court found that “[i]n the absence of motive, it
certainly may be more difficult for the defendant to offer evidence which is
relevant and material connecting a third person to the crime. The court simply
finds nothing in the offer made by the defendant that goes beyond the level of
speculation.” (238:15).
The trial court did allow trial defense counsel, in his closing, to mention
“other suspects” that were being investigated by Special Agent Thomas
Fassbender (“SA Fassbender”) and Inv. Wiegert. (715:210). Trial defense
counsel criticized the investigation of these suspects by pointing out their
suspicious behavior. Trial defense counsel named George Zipperer (“Mr.
Zipperer”), Ms. Halbach’s ex-boyfriend Ryan Hillegas (“Mr. Hillegas”), Ms.
Halbach’s roommate Scott Bloedorn (“Mr. Bloedorn”), Ms. Halbach’s former
married lover Bradley Czech (“Mr. Czech”), and Ms. Halbach’s business associate
Thomas Pearce (“Mr. Pearce”). (715:210). Specifically, trial defense counsel
pointed out Mr. Zipperer’s strange behavior; the lack of alibi for Mr. Hillegas, Mr.
Bloedorn, and Mr. Czech; and the failure, for 4 days, of Mr. Bloedorn and Mr.
Pearce to report Ms. Halbach missing. (715:210).
On March 18, 2007, Mr. Avery was convicted, following a jury trial, of
first degree intentional homicide, contrary to Wis. Stat. § 940.0l(l)(a) and felon in
26
possession of a firearm contrary to Wis. Stat. § 941.29(2)(a). (719:3). The jury
found Mr. Avery not guilty of mutilation of a corpse. (719:3).
III. Postconviction and direct appeal
On August 3, 2007, Suzanne Hagopian and Martha Askins (“Prior
Postconviction Counsel”) of the Wisconsin State Appellate Defender’s Office,
were appointed as direct appeal and postconviction counsel. (409:1–2).
On June 29, 2009, they filed a motion for postconviction relief on Mr.
Avery’s behalf, pursuant to § 809.30(2)(h) seeking a new trial on grounds that: (1)
the trial court improperly excused a deliberating juror; and (2) the trial court
improperly excluded evidence of third-party liability. (429:1–28; 427:1–31). Mr.
Avery's motion included a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel on the jury
issue. (429:16, 19-21).
On September 28, 2009, an evidentiary hearing was held. (721:1–258). On
October 29, 2009, a brief in support of Mr. Avery’s postconviction motion was
filed. (447:1–57). On January 25, 2010, the motion for postconviction relief was
denied by the Honorable Patrick L. Willis in a written order. (453:1–106) (App.
1–106). There was an appeal from that decision (454:1–4) and that decision was
affirmed by the appellate court on August 24, 2011. (468:1–44) (App. 107–50).5
5
This court, in its 2011 opinion, erroneously stated that “Steven Avery was convicted as a party
to the crime of the first-degree intentional homicide of Teresa Halbach.” (emphasis added)
(468:1) (App. 107). The party to a crime language was in the second amended information,
which the State had to dismiss when Brendan recanted his confession. The information upon
which Mr. Avery was convicted refers to the original Information and did not have the language
“party to a crime.” (12:1; 715:11).
27
On December 14, 2011, the Wisconsin Supreme Court denied the petition for
review, pursuant to § 808.10. (470:1).
IV. Pro Se postconviction § 974.06
On February 14, 2013, Mr. Avery filed his first and only pro se collateral
postconviction motion, pursuant to Wis. Stat. § 974.06. (496:1–41). The motion
was denied by the Honorable Judge Angela Sutkiewicz on November 23, 2015.
(533:1–16) (App. 151–66).
Mr. Avery claimed that trial counsel failed to: (a) raise a 6th amendment
violation regarding Mr. Avery’s jail conversations with his trial attorneys (496:16–
19); (b) suppress evidence obtained by invalid search warrants (496:26–30); (c)
sever the felon in possession of a firearm charge (496:31–32); (d) develop an
argument based upon available information that the State had planted evidence
(496:33–34); (e) strike biased juror Carl Wardman (517:8); and (f) investigate
relevant, material issues (531:2). Mr. Avery claimed that his appellate counsel
failed to argue “retroactive misjoinder.” (496:32–33). Additionally, Mr. Avery
claimed the trial judge was biased, and both trial and appellate counsel failed to
raise the issue of the State commenting on Mr. Avery’s silence in the State’s
closing argument. (496:19–26, 34–37). On November 23, 2015, the court denied
all of the claims in Mr. Avery’s motion as lacking any merit. (533:1-16). Mr.
Avery filed a notice of appeal on December 3, 2015. (539:1).
28
V. Motion for Scientific Testing § 971.23(5), § 974.07, and Second

Postconviction § 974.06
Mr. Avery obtained current postconviction counsel in January of 2016.
(553:1–2; 556:1-2). On August 26, 2016, current postconviction counsel filed a
motion for postconviction scientific testing pursuant to Wisconsin Statutes §
971.23(5) and § 974.07. (573:1–154). On September 12, 2016, the appellate court
granted current postconviction counsel’s motion to stay Mr. Avery’s appeal and
remanded the case to the circuit court (580:1–2), which entered an order on
November 23, 2016, for specific items to be tested. (581:1–4; 582:1–3) (App.
167–69). Pursuant to that order, scientific testing was performed, and current
postconviction counsel filed a motion for postconviction relief on June 7, 2017
(603:1–222) and also filed a motion to dismiss Mr. Avery’s pro se appeal, which
was pending with the appellate court. That motion was granted on July 24, 2017.
(624:1–2).
On September 18, 2017, Mr. Avery’s current postconviction counsel
reached an agreement with the State to allow the June 2017 motion to be amended
without opposition, to add and remove claims, and for additional scientific testing
of evidence. Scheduling for a potential evidentiary hearing in the spring of 2018
was discussed because both sides believed the circuit court would grant an
evidentiary hearing on Mr. Avery’s claims. (629:1–11).
On October 3, 2017, prior to the State working out the logistics of the
RAV-4 testing, the circuit court issued an order summarily denying Mr. Avery’s
29
June 7, 2017, motion for postconviction relief without ordering the State to
respond to Mr. Avery’s motion or granting an evidentiary hearing. (628:1–6)
(App. 171–76).
On October 6, 2017, current postconviction counsel filed a motion to vacate
the October 3 order, informing the court of the September 18 agreement between
Mr. Avery’s counsel and the State for additional scientific testing, and an
amendment to current postconviction counsel’s motion for postconviction relief.
(629:1–11).
When the circuit court did not timely respond to current postconviction
counsel’s October 6 motion to vacate, current postconviction counsel filed a
motion for reconsideration on October 23, 2017 (631:1–54), and several
supplements thereto on October 31 and November 1, 2, 16, and 17, 2017. (632:1–
49; 633:1–50; 634:1–7; 635:1–113; 636:1–106). The motion to reconsider and its
supplements contained new evidence that developed after the June 7, 2017, filing
and after the filing of the original motion to reconsider on October 23, 2017. On
November 17, 2017, current postconviction counsel filed a timely notice of appeal
from the October 3, 2017, order. (637:1–3).
The circuit court did not rule on the October 6, 2017, motion to vacate until
November 28, 2017, when it denied current postconviction counsel’s motion to
vacate the October 3, 2017 order, its motion to reconsider, and its supplements.
(640:1–5) (App. 177–81). Current postconviction counsel filed an additional
30
timely notice of appeal on November 30, 2017, from the circuit court’s order of
November 28, 2017. (641:1–3).
On May 18, 2018, current postconviction counsel submitted a motion to
supplement the record on appeal with a CD, disclosed for the first time by the
State on April 17, 2018, which current postconviction counsel contends contains
impeaching and/or exculpatory evidence. (727:1–22). The Appellate Court
remanded to the circuit court to “conduct any necessary proceedings and enter an
order containing its findings and conclusions within sixty days after the
supplemental postconviction motion is filed.” (729:3). On September 6, 2018,
after this court’s deadline for decision had elapsed, the circuit court, without
conducting any proceedings, denied “all motions submitted by the defendant on or
after July 6, 2018.” (761:11).
On January 24, 2019, current postconviction counsel submitted a motion to
the Appellate Court to supplement the record on appeal with an undisclosed police
report, dated September 20, 2011, which, according to Mr. Avery’s current
postconviction counsel, reflects law enforcement’s transfer of multiple human
bones from the Manitowoc County Gravel Pit to Wieting Funeral Home for return
to [Teresa] Halbach’s family. Mr. Avery alleges that the State violated its statutory
duty to preserve evidence, see Wis Stat. § 968.205, and the actions violated Mr.
Avery’s constitutional due process rights. (775:1-32).
On February 25, 2019, the Appellate Court granted the motion and allowed
current postconviction counsel to file a supplemental postconviction motion. The
31
Appellate Court further ordered the circuit court to “conduct any proceedings
necessary to address the claims raised in the supplemental postconviction motion,
and [to] enter an order containing its findings and conclusions.” (780:1-4).
On August 9, 2019, the circuit court, without conducting any proceedings,
denied the motion, finding “that the defendant has failed to meet his burden to
establish that Wis. Stats. § 968.205 was violated or his constitutional rights were
violated under the provisions of Youngblood v. Arizona,”, 547 U.S. 867, 869–70
(2006). (806:1-13).
Mr. Avery now appeals.
32
ARGUMENT
I. The circuit court abused its discretion in denying Mr. Avery’s motion
to vacate its October 3, 2017, order and allow additional scientific
testing.
On September 18, 2017, a meeting took place in Madison, Wisconsin, in
which Kathleen Zellner and Douglas Johnson (“Current Postconviction Counsel”),
together with Prosecutors Thomas Fallon, Norman Gahn, and Mark Williams
(“Prosecutors”), reached an agreement regarding additional forensic testing:
1. The RAV-4 (WSCL Item A) would be made available to current
postconviction counsel’s experts Dr. Karl Reich (“Dr. Reich”) and
Dr. Christopher Palenik (“Dr. Palenik”) for a complete examination
of the interior and exterior of the RAV-4 for additional forensic
evidence to be tested. The examination was to take place at the
Calumet County Sheriff’s Department (“CCSD”), who has
possession of the RAV-4. In addition to gathering forensic evidence
from RAV-4’s interior and exterior, the agreement provided for
collecting swabs for testing from the following items:
a. Battery cables;
b. Bar under the driver’s seat;
c. Hood latch; and
d. Interior hood release
2. The Prosecutors also agreed that Mr. Avery would be allowed to do
the following:
33
a. Conduct more sensitive DNA testing of the license plates
(WSCL Items AJ and AK);
b. Conduct DNA testing of the lug wrench. (WSCL Item A16);
and
c. Dr. Steven Symes (“Dr. Symes”) and Dr. Eisenberg would
conduct a microscopic examination of the pelvic bones
(#8675) discovered in the Manitowoc County Gravel Pit to
determine if they were human in origin.
(629:1–2).
When current postconviction counsel inquired as to whether the circuit
court should immediately be informed of the agreement, Prosecutor Fallon stated
that once he had finalized the scheduling of the RAV-4 examination with the
CCSD, a stipulated order could be presented to the circuit court, similar to the
original Stipulated Order for Independent Scientific Testing that was presented by
the parties to the circuit court and entered on November 23, 2016. (582:1–4;
629:2) (App. 167–70). Prosecutors stated that they would schedule the RAV-4
testing in the very near future before the weather worsened. The parties also
agreed that, at that time, they would propose dates for a potential evidentiary
hearing. (629:3). Neither side anticipated the circuit court filing its order prior to
the time Mr. Avery could notify the court of the matters set forth herein. (629:3).
On October 3, 2017, the circuit court entered an order dismissing Mr.
Avery’s Wis. Stat. § 974.06 Motion for Relief. (628:1–6) (App. 171–76).
34
On October 6, 2017, current postconviction counsel spoke to Prosecutors
and informed them that Mr. Avery was filing a motion to vacate the October 3,
2017 order. (629:3). Prior to filing the motion, current postconviction counsel
presented the motion to Prosecutors, and Prosecutors agreed to the factual
accuracy of the representations regarding the content of the September 18, 2017
meeting made in the motion. (629:3). The State did not file an objection to the
motion.
The court did not issue its ruling until November 28, 2017. The circuit
court denied Mr. Avery’s motion for relief from judgment. (640:2).
The parties were not required to submit proposals for further scientific
testing for approval by the circuit court because of the prior order of the trial court,
entered on April 4, 2007. (395:1–3). Therefore, the circuit court clearly abused its
discretion when it denied Mr. Avery’s motion for relief from judgment.
A. Standard of review
An order granting or denying relief under Wis. Stat. § 806.07 will not be
reversed on appeal unless there has been a clear abuse of discretion. Mullen v.
Coolong, 135 Wis. 2d 401, 406 (1990). Under Wis. Stat. § 806.07, a defendant
must first file a motion with the trial court to obtain relief from a judgment or
order before appealing; otherwise the issue will be deemed unreviewable. It is
undisputed that § 806.07 governs civil actions (State ex rel. Lewandowski v.
Callaway, 118 Wis. 2d 165, 172 (1984)), and proceedings under § 974.06 are
properly considered civil in nature. (Wis. Stat. § 974.06(6); State v. Hayes, 2004
35
WI 80, ¶ 20, 273 Wis.2d 1, 681 N.W.2d 203 (rules of practice in civil actions
apply in all criminal proceedings “unless the context of a rule manifestly requires
a different conclusion”) (citing Wis. Stat. § 972.11).
B. The circuit court erred in not complying with the prior trial
court order regarding scientific testing
The original Stipulated Order for Independent Scientific Testing was
presented by the parties to the circuit court and entered by it on November 23,
2016. The order made express reference to and relied upon the trial court’s April
4, 2007, Order on Preservation of Blood Evidence and Independent Defense
Testing. (395:1–3). (See 582:1 (“In order to facilitate compliance with the Order
On Preservation of Blood Evidence and Independent Defense Testing; and by
agreement of the parties . . . .”)). The trial court entered the order in 2007,
contemplating future scientific developments for DNA testing. The 2007 order
provides in pertinent part:
[T]he State shall preserve indefinitely, until further order of this Court, all
bloodstains that the State believes contains Steven Avery’s DNA and that were
found in or on Teresa Halbach’s vehicle, in a condition suitable for further
scientific testing;
[T]he defendant, Steven A. Avery, or any lawyer representing him, may at any
time submit the bloodstains, swabs, and items described . . . above to any
laboratory or person the defense may choose for independent scientific testing
pursuant to Wis. Stat. § 971.23(5)[4], without further order of this Court. For
purposes of illustration, not limitation, this paragraph expressly contemplates
independent defense testing . . . during any state or federal postconviction
proceedings (if any), or after any such postconviction proceedings;
(395:1–3) (emphasis added).
36
As demonstrated by the trial court’s April 4, 2007, order, Mr. Avery was
given the authority at “any time” to submit items of evidence for DNA testing.
(395:2).
When current postconviction counsel entered into the stipulated order in
2016 with the State, the testing items were expanded to include the RAV-4 key
and the bullet, #FL. (582:1-4; 586:1-2). As discussed previously, the September
18, 2017 agreement between the parties expanded the items for DNA testing even
further, but is compliant with the spirit of the April 4, 2007 order which allowed
Mr. Avery to seek additional DNA testing as DNA technology improved.
Any DNA evidence from a complete forensic examination of the RAV-4
would be consequential to Mr. Avery’s conviction because the State’s case hinged
on the assumption that Mr. Avery’s and Ms. Halbach’s biological material—to the
exclusion of all others—was present in the RAV-4. If biological material from
another individual, with no innocent explanation for having been in the RAV-4, is
detected therein, that exculpatory evidence would create a reasonable probability
of a different outcome in satisfaction of State v. O’Brien, 223 Wis. 2d 303, 323,
588 N.W.2d 8 (1999) because it would support the third-party and frame-up
defenses Mr. Avery has advanced since before his 2007 trial. See State v. Denny,
2016 WI App 27, ¶ 54, rev’d on other grounds, 2017 WI 17 (exculpatory evidence
detected on reexamination “must be considered against the other evidence
presented at trial to determine if ‘[i]t is reasonably probable that the movant would
not have been . . . convicted.’”) (quoting Wis. Stat. § 974.07(7)(a)(2)).
37
Male DNA was detected on the RAV4 license plates but was insufficient
for a profile, however, with more sensitive and advanced DNA testing developed
since the trial, a full profile may be detected which would rule out Mr. Avery as
the person who removed the license plates from Ms. Halbach’s vehicle. (296:2,
5). Since it is undisputed that the license plates were removed from Ms. Halbach’s
vehicle after her murder, the detection of a full DNA profile would be
consequential to Mr. Avery’s conviction and would satisfy O’Brien, and, if Mr.
Avery is excluded from the profile, it could create a reasonable probability of a
different outcome.
Pursuant to Wis. Stat. § 974.07, a criminal defendant may move the circuit
court for postconviction testing when the movant can show that the evidence is
relevant to the investigation or prosecution, the evidence is in the possession of the
government agency, and that the evidence has not previously been subjected to
DNA testing or, if previously tested, may be tested using a newer technique. Wis.
Stat. § 974.07(2), et seq.
Wis. Stat. § 974.07(2)(c) provides as follows:
[I]f the evidence has previously been tested, it may now be subjected to another
test using a scientific technique that was not available or was not utilized at the
time of the previous testing and that provides a reasonable likelihood of more
accurate and probative results.
The circuit court clearly abused its discretion in not vacating its October 3,
2017 order in light of the explicit language of the trial court’s April 4, 2007 order.
Moreover, the parties reached an agreement in reliance on the circuit court’s April
38
4, 2007, order, which provided the parties with the authority to test forensic
evidence without seeking an additional court order. Mr. Avery should be relieved
of the October 3 order because he has provided sufficient reason to justify that the
circuit court reached an erroneous conclusion of law by not recognizing the
existence of the April 4, 2007 order.
Because the conviction of Mr. Avery was primarily based on forensic
evidence, further forensic testing, as agreed upon by the parties, has a reasonable
likelihood of yielding exculpatory evidence that is consequential to Mr. Avery’s
conviction and would create a reasonable probability of a different outcome.
It is noteworthy that current postconviction counsel has paid for all the
testing done to date and intended to pay for testing performed pursuant to the
parties’ September 18, 2017, agreement, so no financial burden is imposed upon
the State.6 It is a clear abuse of discretion for the circuit court to deprive both
sides of additional testing which will be performed at Mr. Avery’s expense.
II. The circuit court abused its discretion in summarily dismissing Mr.
Avery’s second motion pursuant to Wis. Stats. § 974.06 without
addressing the 5 Brady claims raised and in subsequently denying Mr.
Avery’s motion to supplement which raised a 6th Brady claim all of
which deprived him of due process, in violation of the Wisconsin and
United States Constitution
To establish a Brady violation, a defendant must demonstrate that (1) the
prosecution suppressed evidence, (2) the evidence was favorable to the defense,
6
Current postconviction counsel has expended $292,197.13 on experts as of the filing of this
brief.
39
and (3) the evidence was material to an issue at trial. State v. Harris, 2004 WI 64,
¶ 13, 272 Wis. 2d 80, 680 N.W.2d 737 (citing Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S.
150, 154 (1972)). This court reviews de novo whether the facts of a case establish
a Brady violation. State v. Rockette, 2006 WI App 103, ¶ 39, 294 Wis.2d 611, 718
N.W.2d 269. (citing Strickler v. Greene, 527 U.S. 263, 281-82, 119 S.Ct. 1936,
144 L.Ed.2d 286 (1999)). There can be a due process violation “‘irrespective of
the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution.’” Id. (quoting Brady v. Maryland,
373 U.S. 83, 87 (1963)). “The prosecution’s duty to disclose evidence favorable
to the accused includes the duty to disclose impeachment evidence as well as
exculpatory evidence.” Id. (citing Strickler, 527 U.S. at 280).
The circuit court failed to address any of Mr. Avery’s 5 Brady violations
filed in his Motion to Reconsider and its supplements, but concluded “[t]here is no
argument or showing of a sufficient reason as to why these issues could not have
been raised in prior motions. Without such sufficient reason, these arguments are
precluded from any subsequent motion.” (628:3) (App. 173).
B. Brady violation re Mr. Rahmlow
The circuit court failed to recognize that it is axiomatic that the discovery of
a Brady violation subsequent to filing a motion pursuant to § 974.02 (or § 974.06)
constitutes a sufficient reason for failing to raise the issue in a prior motion. See,
State v. Allen, 2010 WI 89, at ¶¶ 44, 81 (noting a defendant’s unawareness of the
legal basis of his claim may constitute a sufficient reason in satisfaction of §
974.06); State ex rel. Kyles v. Pollard, 2014 WI 38, ¶ 54 (the defendant’s
40
unawareness of the factual basis of his claim was “inextricably intertwined” with
the legal basis of his claim).
Pre-trial, trial defense counsel made 2 specific requests pursuant to Wis.
Stats. § 971.23(1)(h) for all exculpatory evidence and/or information within the
possession, knowledge, or control of the State which would tend to negate the
guilt of the defendant, or which would tend to affect the weight or credibility of
the evidence used against the defendant, including any inconsistent statements.
(26:3–9). A second request was made by trial defense counsel for Brady material
immediately before trial on January 18, 2007. (225:1–6).
In July of 2017, a new witness, Kevin Rahmlow (“Mr. Rahmlow”), came
forward and described the most significant Brady violation in the case to that point
in time. Clearly, current postconviction counsel could not have included Mr.
Rahmlow’s affidavit in the June 7, 2017, filing since Mr. Rahmlow had not yet
come forward with evidence that establishes a Brady violation. (630:18–23) (App.
279–84).
Mr. Rahmlow has provided an affidavit and supplemental affidavit to
current postconviction counsel. In these affidavits, Mr. Rahmlow described
observing Ms. Halbach’s RAV-4 parked at the turnaround at State Highway 147
and the East Twin River Bridge on November 3 and 4, 2005. On November 4,
Mr. Rahmlow disclosed his observation about seeing the vehicle during a
conversation with Sgt. Colborn at the Cenex Station in Mishicot. Immediately
prior to the conversation with Sgt. Colborn, Mr. Rahmlow observed the missing
41
person poster of Ms. Halbach posted on one of the doors to the Cenex Station and
recognized the vehicle on the poster as the vehicle he had seen 2 days in a row at
Highway 147 and the East Twin River Bridge. (630:18–23) (App. 279–84).
On December 12 and 19, 2016, after watching the Netflix documentary
Making a Murderer more than a year after its release, Mr. Rahmlow, who lived in
Michigan, sent text messages to Mr. Tadych, telling him that he recognized Sgt.
Colborn from the documentary and that Sgt. Colborn was the officer with whom
he spoke on November 4, 2005, at the Cenex Station in Mishicot. Mr. Tadych
never responded to Mr. Rahmlow’s specific request to be put into contact with
Brendan’s attorneys. (630:18–23; 634:2-3) (App. 279–89).
Mr. Rahmlow’s observation of the RAV-4 on November 3 and 4, 2005 is
material to the defense theory that evidence was planted to frame Mr. Avery. If
the RAV-4 was spotted at the turnaround on Highway 147 on November 3 and 4,
2005, then it must have been moved and planted on the Avery property before it
was discovered on November 5, 2005. Clearly, this information supports trial
defense counsel’s theory that the RAV-4 was planted on the Avery salvage yard
on November 5, 2005, and that, contrary to the State’s theory, it was possible to
access the Avery property and plant the vehicle. (696:146–47; 715:182). Mr.
Rahmlow’s testimony would have established that Mr. Avery was framed for Ms.
Halbach’s murder.
A key issue in determining if the RAV-4 was planted was the credibility of
Sgt. Colborn. At trial, Sgt. Colborn testified that he was not looking at the RAV-
42
4 when he made his dispatch call regarding the vehicle’s license plate number.
(701:187). The State argued that Sgt. Colborn made the call on November 3 to
confirm the accuracy of the RAV-4 license plate number previously given to him
that day. Because trial defense counsel did not have a police report documenting
Sgt. Colborn’s conversation with Mr. Rahmlow, they could not impeach Sgt.
Colborn regarding his denial. (701:185, 187).7 If trial defense counsel had been
aware of the conversation between Sgt. Colborn and Mr. Rahmlow, Mr. Rahmlow
could have been called as a witness to impeach Sgt. Colborn. Sgt. Colborn would
have been discredited, and the jury would have been provided material
information proving that the RAV-4 was originally at the turnaround on Highway
147 and was subsequently planted on the Avery property.
The United States Supreme Court, in Wearry v. Cain 136 S. Ct. 1002, 194
L. Ed. 2d 78 (2016), held:
Brady applies to evidence undermining witness credibility[]. Evidence qualifies

as material when there is “any reasonable likelihood” it could have “affected the
judgment of the jury.” To prevail on his Brady claim, Wearry need not show that
he “more likely than not” would have been acquitted had the new evidence been
admitted.
Id. at 1006 (citations omitted).
The only evidence the State presented that the RAV-4 was not planted on
the Avery property on October 31, 2005, was the testimony that the 15–20 foot-
high berm prevented access to the Avery property where the RAV-4 was found.
(715:53–54; 716:95). However, Prosecutor Kratz conceded the weakness of that
7
The chronology of the 30 tracks of the MCSD calls to dispatch demonstrates that the Sgt.
Colborn’s call was made on November 4, 2005. (603:137–38, at ¶¶ 266–69; T.E. 212).
43
argument when he admitted in his closing that the RAV-4 “couldn’t be driven into
that property unless somebody knew that property . . . .” (715:54). The only other
evidence presented by the State that the RAV-4 never left the Avery property after
October 31, 2005, was Bobby’s testimony that the RAV-4 was still present when
he left the Avery property at 2:45 p.m. (697:44).
Trial defense counsel presented no evidence from witnesses that the RAV-4
was planted and simply argued in the closing that there were “lots of ways to get
in and. . . for someone to plant the vehicle.” (715:182). The failure of the State to
disclose Mr. Rahmlow’s interview with Sgt. Colborn is material because it would
have established that the vehicle not only left the Avery property, but that it was
brought back to the property and planted. If the RAV-4 left the property, the
State’s theory that Ms. Halbach’s murder occurred exclusively on the Avery
property would be completely debunked.
If Mr. Rahmlow’s interview with Sgt. Colborn had been disclosed to trial
defense counsel and revealed to the jury by having Mr. Rahmlow testify to
impeach Sgt. Colborn, there is a reasonable probability that the result of the
proceeding would have been different. A ‘reasonable probability’ is a probability
sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Harris, 272 Wis.2d 80, ¶ 14,
680 N.W.2d 737 (quoting United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 682 (1985)).8
8
Current postconviction counsel has obtained an affidavit from a second witness, Paul Burdick,
on June 28, 2018, who also saw the RAV-4 parked at the turnaround on 147 on October 31, 2005.
Although this witness did not report this information to the police, he does corroborate Mr.
44
C. Brady violation re Mr. Radandt
The State committed a second Brady violation related to the RAV-4 being
planted when it failed to disclose information in a police report that the
Department of Justice (“DOJ”) investigators provided to Joshua Radandt (“Mr.
Radandt”) about its belief that the RAV-4 was planted on the Avery property. Mr.
Radandt has provided an affidavit to current postconviction counsel that states the
following:
At that time [around November 5, 2005], I was told by the Department of Justice
agents that they believed Teresa Halbach’s vehicle was driven to the Kuss Road
cul-de-sac by driving west through an empty field, then south down the gravel
road past the hunting camp until reaching an intersection with a gravel road that
ran northeast into the Avery property. They told me that they believed Teresa
Halbach’s vehicle turned northeast onto that gravel road and entered the Avery
property at its southwest corner.
(621:224–28) (App. 292).
DOJ investigators never authored a report about the information they
provided to Mr. Radandt. (621:224–28) (App. 290–94). Mr. Radandt’s affidavit
is similar to Mr. Rahmlow’s affidavit in that it directly contradicts the State’s
denial that the RAV-4 was planted.
Furthermore, Mr. Radandt’s affidavit contradicts the State’s representation
to the jury that the Avery property was inaccessible from the Radandt pit.
(715:53–54; 697:70–71). Mr. Radandt could have been called as a witness to
refute the State’s claims that the RAV-4 was not planted and to impeach the
Rahmlow’s claims that the RAV-4 was moved from the Avery property and planted there before
November 5, 2005. (739:75–76).
45
statements about the inaccessibility of the Avery property from the Radandt
Gravel Pit. (697:70–71, 78–79).
D. Brady violation re original flyover video taken on November 4,

2005
On November 4, 2005 Wendy Baldwin (“Ms. Baldwin”) and CCSD Sheriff
Jerry Pagel conducted a flyover searching for the RAV-4. (621:114). They were
in the air for around 4 hours yet produced only 3 minutes of flyover footage.
Prosecutor Kratz made a material admission when he told the jury that the RAV-4
was not visible in the flyover video because he claimed the vehicle was covered
with branches. (715:53). However, the edited version did not show the southeast
corner of the salvage yard at all, much less a vehicle covered with branches.
Therefore, a reasonable inference from this statement to the jury is that Prosecutor
Kratz saw the unedited flyover video. If the video was intentionally edited to
delete the footage of the southeast corner, this is a Brady violation because the
issue of whether the RAV-4 was planted was material to Mr. Avery’s conviction.
(648:1-2). An evidentiary hearing is necessary to determine the credibility of the
State’s claim that only 3 minutes of flyover footage exists, and that there were no
deletions of the flyover video.
E. Brady violation re Zipperer voicemail
Ms. Halbach left a voicemail on the Zipperer answering machine when she
could not find their residence on October 31, 2005. (694:134–35). On November
3, when the Zipperers were interviewed at 9:30 p.m., they told the investigators
46
about Ms. Halbach’s message. On November 3, 2005, Ms. Halbach’s voicemail
was listened to by Det. Remiker of the MCSD and copied by MCSD Detective
Dennis Jacobs (“Det. Jacobs”) onto a CD. (621:186-87, at ¶ 296; 588:241–42).
The CD was never turned over to trial defense counsel and has allegedly
disappeared. (603:150–51, at ¶ 297; 621:143-44). On April 20, 2017, Prosecutor
Fallon confirmed by letter to current postconviction counsel that neither Calumet
nor the Manitowoc Sheriff’s Departments have been able to locate the CD of Ms.
Halbach’s voicemail. (615:40–41; 603:150).
The contents of the Zipperer voicemail may have contradicted the timeline
established by the State that Ms. Halbach’s last stop was the Avery salvage yard.
Suspiciously, the State never played the recording of the voicemail for the jury,
but they attempted to introduce its contents through JoEllen Zipperer (“Ms.
Zipperer”). (694:134–35). Ms. Zipperer’s un-impeached testimony on the
contents was that Ms. Halbach came to the Zipperer property between 2 and 2:30
p.m. (694:152).
Corroboration of the assertion that the voicemail would have contradicted
the State’s timeline is found in a recorded conversation between Investigator Inv.
Wiegert and Det. Remiker on November 5, 2005, about the sequence of Ms.
Halbach’s appointments on October 31, 2005. (621:146). In that conversation,
which occurred after interviews with Mr. Schmitz, Mr. Avery, and Mr. Zipperer,
they concluded that Ms. Halbach’s first appointment was with Mr. Schmitz, her
second appointment was with the Averys, and her third appointment was with the
47
Zipperers. (621:146). It is reasonable to infer that Inv. Wiegert and Det. Remiker
based their conclusion on the Zipperer voicemail left by Ms. Halbach, which was
listened to by investigators on November 3, 2005, at the Zipperer residence,
recorded to a CD on November 6, 2005, and withheld from trial defense counsel.
(621:186–87).
Clearly, the Zipperer CD is material evidence that could have been used to
impeach Ms. Zipperer on the timeline and would have refuted the State’s entire
theory that Ms. Halbach’s last stop was at the Avery property.
F. Brady violation re Ms. Heitl
Ms. Heitl has provided current postconviction counsel with an affidavit that
states that she had a telephone conversation with Ms. Halbach on October 31,
2005, at 11:35 a.m. while Ms. Halbach was driving. Ms. Halbach pulled her
vehicle over to make notations on her day planner as she engaged in conversation
with Ms. Heitl. (630:150–52) (App. 216–18). There is no evidence that Ms.
Halbach returned home after this conversation.
According to Ms. Heitl’s affidavit, she reported this conversation to law
enforcement, including the fact that Ms. Halbach was driving and pulled over to
check her schedule and made notations about the conversation. No report of the
Heitl-Halbach conversation was ever turned over to Mr. Avery’s trial defense
counsel, and the State never mentioned Ms. Heitl’s call to Ms. Halbach at trial. It
is a reasonable inference that Ms. Halbach’s day planner was in the RAV-4 with
her at the time of her murder. Ms. Halbach’s ex-boyfriend, Mr. Hillegas, was in
48
possession of the day planner after Ms. Halbach’s murder, according to one of Ms.
Halbach’s friends. (630:91).
Items from the RAV-4 have particular relevance since many things were
missing that should have been present in the vehicle, such as Ms. Halbach’s purse,
wallet, driver’s license, money, schedules, receipts, maps, Toyota master key,
house key, and other items related to her activities with AutoTrader or her hustle
shots. It is undisputed that items were removed from her vehicle to conceal the
crime. Anyone in possession of those items would qualify as a Denny suspect
because it would establish a direct link to the crime. If Ms. Heitl’s report of her
telephone conversation with Ms. Halbach had been disclosed to trial defense
counsel by the State, it could have been used to directly connect Mr. Hillegas to
the crime and firmed up Mr. Avery’s theory and taken it beyond mere speculation.
State v. Wilson, 2015 WI 48, 362 Wis. 2d 193, 864 N.W.2d 52, ¶¶ 56–59.
G. Brady violation re Dassey-Janda CD
On April 17, 2018, current postconviction counsel received the Detective
Michael Velie’s (“Detective Velie”) CD for the first time from Prosecutor Fallon.
The CD contained Detective Velie’s forensic examination of the Dassey-Janda
computer. On May 18, 2018, current postconviction counsel filed a Motion to
Supplement the Record, to the Appellate Court, with the CD. On June 11, 2018,
the Appellate Court remanded the case to the circuit court with instructions that
“this appeal is remanded forthwith to the circuit court to permit [Mr. Avery] to
pursue a supplemental postconviction motion in connection with Avery’s receipt
49
of previously withheld discovery or other new information.” (729:3). The
Appellate Court further ordered “that the circuit court shall conduct any necessary
proceedings and enter an order containing its findings and conclusions within sixty
days after the supplemental postconviction motion is filed.” (729:3).
On September 6, 2018, the circuit court denied Mr. Avery’s Motion to
Supplement holding that “the defense was in full possession of the same
information as the prosecution via the 7 CDs turned over pursuant to discovery.”
(761:9). The circuit court also determined that the CDs were turned over to trial
defense counsel 2 months prior to trial. (740:78-81). Therefore, the circuit court
held that Mr. Avery had failed to meet his burden of showing the evidence was
suppressed. (761:5).
The Dassey-Janda CD contained unique information not previously disclosed
“The Brady obligation ‘does not cease to exist at the moment of conviction’
but ‘continues to apply’ to the plaintiff’s posttrial assertion that he ‘did not receive
a fair trial because of the concealment of exculpatory evidence known and in
existence at the time of that trial.’” Thompson v. City of Chicago, 722 F.3d 963,
972 (7th Cir. 2013) (citing Whitlock v. Brueggeman, 682, F.3d 567, 588 (7th Cir.
2012)).
The circuit court erred when it concluded that the CD contained exactly the
same information as the 7 DVDs, so nothing was suppressed. The CD contained
unique information derived from Detective Velie’s application of specific Halbach
50
crime scene facts to the raw data in the 7 DVDs. The 7 DVDs did not contain the
results of Detective Velie’s unique search terms found exclusively on the CD.
Those search results are as follows: 2,632 search results for the terms: blood (1);
body (2,083); bondage (3); bullet (10); cement (23); DNA (3); fire (51); gas (50);
gun (75); handcuff (2); journal (106); MySpace (61); news (54); rav (74); stab
(32); throat (2); and tires (2). (741:23). It is undisputed that the results of those
unique word searches of Detective Velie were suppressed and withheld from trial
defense counsel, prior postconviction counsel, and current postconviction counsel
until April 17, 2018.
Because there is no possible way, prior to April 17, 2018, that current or
prior counsel could have “guessed” the specific search terms and the results which
Detective Velie obtained, Mr. Avery was deprived of this material information,
which could have established a direct link between the specific evidentiary terms
related to the Halbach murder and the searches performed on the Dassey Janda
computer.
The CD also contained the State’s “recovered” pornography images
relevant and material to the Halbach murder. The CD refined the 14,099 images
on the 7 DVDs and recovered 1,625 violent pornography images, which had been
deleted. (740:12; 741:23, 25) (App. 844, 846) (emphasis added). The “recovered
porn” depicted violent images of the torture and mutilation of young females,
many of whom bore a striking resemblance to Ms. Halbach. The 1,625 images of
51
violent pornography could have established motive for trial defense counsel’s
Denny motion. (453:61-62).
Failure to disclose CD prior to Denny ruling
The circuit court ignored current postconviction counsel’s argument that
trial defense counsel was completely impaired in its ability to effectively identify a
motive in its Denny motion, filed on January 8, 2007 before trial. See Socha v.
Richardson, 874 F.3d 983, 988 (7th Cir. 2017) (noting evidence may be
considered impermissibly withheld if the prosecution failed to disclose the
evidence before it was too late for the defendant to make use of the evidence).
The circuit court abused its discretion when it ignored Mr. Avery’s argument that
his Denny motion was compromised by the late disclosure of the State and chose
to focus only on the disclosure of the 7 DVD’s 2 months before trial.
Trial defense counsel, Mr. Buting, provided an affidavit to current
postconviction counsel explaining the effect of the late disclosure on the success
of trial defense counsel’s Denny motion regarding establishing the motive of
Bobby. Mr. Buting states:
We established that he [Bobby] had access and opportunity to have committed

the crime, but the court ruled no motive was established and therefore denied the
Denny motion as to Bobby Dassey and others. If there was anything that was on
the CD investigator report from Det. Velie that would have linked Bobby Dassey
to the violent porn images found on the Dassey computer, we would have
included such information in our Denny motion. Such information could have
strengthened Bobby Dassey as a possible suspect who may have sexually
assaulted and killed Ms. Halbach, and specifically would have provided evidence
of a motive.
(636:19).
52
Misleading nature of the disclosure by Prosecutor Kratz
The State admits that the CD was suppressed from May 10, 2006, until the
State disclosed it to current postconviction counsel on April 17, 2018, exactly
4,360 days after it was created by State’s forensic examiner. The circuit court
ignores Mr. Avery’s argument that his trial defense counsel was deliberately
misled by Prosecutor Kratz. In Prosecutor Kratz’s December 14, 2006 letter, he
did not disclose the CD but did disclose the December 7, 2006, Thomas
Fassbender report (“Fassbender report”). The Fassbender report was prepared 218
days after Det. Velie’s final investigative report was completed, for the State, on
May 10, 2006.
Mr. Strang provided an affidavit and raised additional issues about the
State’s nondisclosure of the CD. On January 25, 2007, on the eve of trial,
Attorney Strang received a document entitled “Stipulation Project” from
Prosecutor Kratz. In that document, Paragraph R stated, “Computer Analysis of
Steve, Teresa’s and Brendan’s Computer—Mike Veile [sic], of the Grand Chute
PD, analyzed the hard drives of these 3, and found nothing of evidentiary value.
We may wish to introduce the fact that they looked. This stip eliminates Officer
Veile [sic] as a witness.” (266:3) (emphasis added).
Mr. Strang’s affidavit states in relevant part:
I accepted without challenge Ken Kratz’s assertion in a January 25, 2007 email to
me that Velie’s analysis of “Steve, Teresa’s and Brendan’s” computers yielded
“nothing much of evidentiary value.” With the belated production of the Velie
forensic analysis to Mr. Avery’s current lawyers in April 2018, it now appears to
me from materials that Ms. Zellner and co-counsel have filed that the Velie
forensic analysis in fact did include much of evidentiary value, in direct
53
contradiction to Mr. Kratz’s claim. Given what I know now about the existence
and content of the Velie forensic analysis, this looks to me like deceit.
* * *
My firm and I did not have Encase while representing Mr. Avery. I think that
Mr. Buting did not, either. So, we could not review the data on the seven DVDs
given to us. Of course, we never got the Velie CD-ROM at all.
(741:12–13).
The circuit court abused its discretion when it found that trial defense
counsel had failed to exercise reasonable due diligence in the following ways:
1. Failed to request access to the Encase program from the prosecution and
“was denied such access.” (761:6).
2. Failed to request the missing CD, when they had notice of the existence of
the Velie CD via Fassbender’s report prior to trial.
3. Failed to submit a motion to the court requesting additional time to review
the newly discovered evidence
The Wisconsin Supreme Court in State v. Wayerski, 2019 WI 11, 385 Wis.
2d 344, 922 N.W.2d 468 (2019), has specifically rejected the imposition of a
reasonable diligence standard on trial defense counsel. The Wisconsin Supreme
Court specifically stated:
This court has never analyzed a Brady claim through the lens of “reasonable
diligence” and we decline to adopt that requirement now, due to its lack of
grounding in Brady or other United States Supreme Court precedent.
(Id., at 25).
In Banks v. Dretke, 540 U.S. 668, 696 (2004), the United States Supreme
Court specifically instructed, “A rule thus declaring ‘prosecutor may hide,
54
defendant must seek,’ is not tenable in a system constitutionally bound to accord
defendants due process.” The State should not be allowed to impose a reasonable
diligence standard on trial defense counsel when the State suppressed the Velie
CD for 12 years.
Exclusive Possession and Control
The Wayerski court specifically overruled prior Wisconsin cases which
have imposed a requirement of exclusive possession and control of the material
evidence by the State. The court specifically stated:
There is no express support in the United States Supreme Court’s Brady

jurisprudence for the limitation that only favorable, material evidence in the
"exclusive possession and control" of the State must be turned over to satisfy the
due process obligations enunciated in Brady. This limitation further thwarts the
purpose of the State's obligation under Brady: to prevent the State from
withholding favorable, material evidence that "helps shape a trial that bears
heavily on the defendant" and "casts the prosecutor in the role of an architect of a
proceeding that does not comport with the standards of justice." Brady, 373 U.S.
at 87-88. We hereby overrule the holding set forth in Nelson, 59 Wis. 2d 474, and
its progeny that favorable, material evidence is only suppressed under Brady
where the withheld evidence is in the State's "exclusive possession and control."
(Id., at 23).
Suspiciously, the Dassey-Janda CD was not accessible to trial defense
counsel in the prosecutor’s files because the CD was kept in the exclusive
possession of SA Fassbender. (636:26) (App. 192). Even if trial defense counsel
had searched the prosecutor's files, they would not have discovered the CD.
“[T]he knowledge of law enforcement officers may be imputed to the
prosecutor. . . . The test . . . [is] whether by the exercise of due diligence [the
prosecutor] should have discovered it.” State v. DeLao, 2002 WI 49, ¶¶ 21–22,
55
252 Wis. 2d 289, 643 N.W.2d 480 (quotations omitted). Prosecutor Kratz knew
that the CD was being kept separately from the other discovery and was in the sole
possession of SA Fassbender. (636:26) (App. 192). The Wayerski court noted:
The "exclusive possession and control," "reasonable diligence," and "intolerable

burden" limitations distort the original Brady analysis and the purpose behind the
prosecutorial obligations enunciated in Brady.
(Wayerski, at 27).
The State, in its response to the Motion to Supplement, contended that
multiple people had access to the computer, but current postconviction counsel has
provided sufficient evidence that it was only Bobby who had access to the
computer during the day on weekdays. (737:69–70; 636:27-37, 39; 689:35;
705:56-57; 630:28-29; 633:47; 400:131; 743:12). If the circuit court had
conducted an evidentiary hearing, the issue of who had access to the Dassey-Janda
computer during the week from 6:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. could have been
definitively established through witness testimony.
Current postconviction counsel has asserted, based on her forensic
computer expert, Gary Hunt’s (“Mr. Hunt”) analysis, that the violent searches
primarily occurred on weekdays when only Bobby was in the residence. (636:27–
37, 39; 689:35; 705:56-57; 630:28-29; 633:47; 737:164; 739:154; 743:12). It is
undisputed that Mr. Avery never accessed the Dassey computer. He did not have
the password for the computer, nor did he possess a key to the Dassey residence,
which was locked when no one was home. (636:89–90) (App. 739–40). Mr.
Avery only entered the residence with the permission of a Dassey family member.
56
Mr. Avery worked during the weekdays from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (R. 636:6,
91) (App. 741). Mr. Avery would be eliminated from all but 15 of the 128
searches (11.7%) at issue simply by having been arrested on November 9, 2005.
(R. 630:85). Brendan would be eliminated from all but 26 of the 128 searches
(20.3%) at issue by having been arrested on March 1, 2006. (R. 636:11, 33-37).
The Wisconsin Supreme Court, in Harris, stated:
Here, the undisclosed information is not directly exculpatory in the sense that
DNA evidence might be because the fact that B.M.M. had alleged being
previously sexually assaulted by her grandfather does not, in and of itself, tend to
negate Harris's guilt regarding the separate assault that B.M.M. alleged he
committed. However, the evidence here constitutes impeachment information
that could be used to challenge the credibility of witnesses whose credibility
would have been determinative of Harris's guilt. Giglio, 405 U.S. at 154.
Harris, 2004 WI 64, at ¶ 30.
Similar to Harris, of all of the witnesses in Mr. Avery’s trial, Bobby’s
testimony was the most determinative of Mr. Avery’s guilt because the State used
it to establish that Ms. Halbach never left the Avery property. (696:103–04).
Clearly, the jury was concerned about Bobby’s credibility because he was 1 of
only 2 witnesses whose testimony the jury requested to review during
deliberations. (384:1–2).
Importantly, the CD timeline of internet searches directly contradicts
Bobby’s trial testimony that on October 31, he was asleep from 6:30 a.m. to 2:30
p.m. (633:38–39; 689:35) (App. 215–16). Mr. Hunt determined that the internet
on the Dassey-Janda computer was accessed on October 31, 2005, when only
Bobby was home at 6:05 a.m., 6:28 a.m., 6:31 a.m., 7:00 a.m., 9:33 a.m., 10:09
57
a.m., 1:08 p.m., and 1:51 p.m. (633:39) (App. 216). This impeaches Bobby’s trial
testimony that he was asleep from 6:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. (689:35).
On November 17, 2017, in a recent interview of Bobby by State
investigators, Bobby claimed that the computer was located “on a desk in the
living room at the time.” When Bobby was asked if the computer was ever
located in his bedroom, he stated, “It was not.” (737:64–65). Bobby’s statement
is directly contradicted by the crime scene footage taken by Sgt. Tyson on
November 12, 2005, which shows the computer was located in Bobby’s bedroom.
(737:170; 763:1–2). Bobby’s statements are further contradicted by his brother,
Blaine, who stated in his affidavit to current postconviction counsel on June 25,
2018, that the computer was located in Bobby’s room and Bobby was the primary
user of it. (737:165–66).
The suppressed impeachment evidence on the Dassey-Janda CD is not
“‘largely cumulative of impeachment evidence petitioners already had and used at
trial,’ nor is it simply impeachment evidence which only involved ‘minor
witnesses.’” Turner v. United States, -- U.S. --,137 S. Ct. 1885, 1894 (2017). As
the Seventh Circuit points out in Sims v. Hyatte, 2019 WL 406268, *8, 913 F.3d
1078 (7th Cir. 2019), the Brady materiality standard is not an admissibility test: “It
requires the court to gauge the potential effects on the outcome of the trial if the
concealed information had been available to the defendant.”
Bobby was the primary witness for the State in establishing that Mr. Avery
and not he was the last person to see Ms. Halbach alive. (696:51). Bobby’s
58
credibility would have been severely diminished if the jury realized that Bobby
was doing the following: searching and viewing numerous images of young
females, who bore a striking resemblance to Ms. Halbach, being tortured and
sexually assaulted. Bobby was also lying to the jury about being asleep when he
was doing internet searches. (689:35). Bobby was searching for key terms
relevant to the murder and created folders labeled “Teresa Halbach” and “DNA.”
(737:65)
The violent pornography on the Dassey-Janda CD fulfills the Denny motive

requirement and therefore meets the materiality standard of Brady
Because the circuit court erred in its finding that the 7 DVDs and CD were
identical and therefore there was no suppression it never reached the materiality
issue of the CD’s contents for Brady purposes. Wis. Stat. § 904.04(2)(a), provides
that “[e]vidence of other crimes [and/or] wrongs [and/or] acts . . . when offered . . .
as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or
absence of mistake or accident” is admissible. The court in Dressler v.
McCaughtry, 238 F.3d 908, 910, 913–14 (7th Cir. 2001), held that the “acts”
admitted pursuant to this section were the defendant’s possession of the
pornographic videotapes and pictures. Those images depicting intentional
violence were admitted as evidence of the defendant’s motive, intent, and plan to
murder the victim. (636:7).
59
The defendant in Dressler argued that the videotapes and pictures were
irrelevant and constituted inadmissible propensity evidence. The Seventh Circuit
disagreed, stating:
The fact that [the defendant] maintained a collection of videos and pictures
depicting intentional violence is probative of the State’s claim that he had an
obsession with that subject. A person obsessed with violence is more likely to
commit murder, and therefore the videos and photographs are relevant.
Id. at 914.
The Dressler court also rejected the defendant’s argument that the videos
and pictures were inadmissible propensity evidence and held that, although
evidence of the general character of a defendant is inadmissible to prove he acted
in conformity therewith, the above exception from § 904.04(2) was deemed to
apply. Id.
Dressler is persuasive authority that the same result should occur here. Ms.
Halbach was killed in a violent and vicious manner. An obsession with images
depicting sexual violence against women made it more likely that person would
commit a sexual homicide. The violent sexual images were relevant to motive and
would have resulted in trial defense counsel being able to establish motive to meet
the Denny standard.
As Mr. Avery’s expert on sexual homicide Ann Burgess, PhD (“Dr.
Burgess”) opines in her affidavit, relying upon 30 years of empirical research
literature, there is a well-established causal connection between pornography
consumption and violent behaviors. (738:29–120).
60
The Brady Violations are Newly Discovered Evidence that meet the Brady
Materiality Standard
The decision to grant or deny a motion for a new trial based on newly
discovered evidence is committed to the trial court’s discretion. State v. Plude,
2008 WI 58, ¶ 31, 310 Wis. 2d 28, 750 N.W.2d 42 (2008). Plude held:
When moving for a new trial based on the allegation of newly discovered
evidence, a defendant must prove: “(1) the evidence was discovered after
conviction; (2) the defendant was not negligent in seeking the evidence; (3) the
evidence is material to an issue in the case; and (4) the evidence is not merely
cumulative.”
Plude, 2008 WI 58, at ¶ 31 (citation omitted).
The court in State v. Vollbrecht, 2012 WI App 90, ¶ 17, 344 Wis. 2d 69
stated:
At the outset we observe that the parties parse out the issues on appeal—
addressing the newly discovered evidence, third party perpetrator (Denny)
evidence and the alleged Brady violation as if disconnected. However the
overarching issue is that of newly discovered evidence under which all other
issues on appeal are subsumed. We therefore examine it as such.
In this case, the contents of the Velie CD qualify as new evidence because:
(1) the CD was first disclosed to current postconviction counsel in 2018 after
being withheld for 12 years; (2) whatever duty Mr. Avery’s trial defense counsel
was under to investigate the Velie CD was superseded by the prosecution’s
ongoing duty to disclose and not suppress evidence; (3) the evidence i.e.,
recovered pornographic images and 2,632 searches for keywords related to the
murder of Ms. Halbach, provided by Detective Velie, was material to the trial
court’s consideration of Denny evidence related to Bobby; (4) and the evidence,
specifically the aggregated pornographic images and Detective Velie’s keyword
61
searches, was not cumulative of the 7 DVDs tendered to trial defense counsel.
Rather, this evidence constitutes a unique work-product that is not merely a re-
evaluation of existing evidence or a new appreciation of known evidence.
The Velie CD was Material
In order for the defendant to prevail on the third component of the Brady
analysis, the suppressed evidence must be material. See Harris, 2004 WI 64, 272
Wis. 2d 80, ¶ 15, 680 N.W.2d 737 (citing Strickler, 527 U.S. at 281-82, 119 S. Ct.
1936). “The evidence is material only if there is a reasonable probability that, had
the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would
have been different.” Bagley, 473 U.S. at 682, 105 S. Ct. 3375.
It is not difficult to imagine what Mr. Avery’s trial defense counsel could
have done at trial with the knowledge of the violent pornography searches
performed on the Dassey-Janda computer by Bobby, the State’s primary witness.
The Court in Sims stated:
Courts must consider the overall strength of the prosecution case, the importance
of the particular witness’s credibility to the prosecution case, the strength of the
concealed impeachment material, and how the concealed material compares to
other attacks the defense was able to make on the witness’s credibility. See
Kyles, 514 U.S. at 441, 445, 451, 454; Giglio, 405 U.S. at 154–55. . . Wearry,
136 S. Ct. at 1006–07.
914 F.3d 1078 at *8.
Bobby’s trial testimony was completely unrebutted by the defense. (689:38)
(715:91). The suppressed impeachment evidence contained in the CD was material
because it was not “largely cumulative of impeachment evidence petitioners had
62
already used at trial” and because the impeachment evidence was of the State’s
primary witness. Turner v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 1885, 1894 (2017).
Mr. Avery had a constitutionally guaranteed right to present a complete
defense to the charges against him. Holmes v. South Carolina, 547 U.S. 319, 324
(2006), State v. Pulizzano, 155 Wis. 2d 633, 645, 456 N.W.2d 325 (1990), citing
Chambers v. Mississippi, 410 U.S. 284, 294–95 (1973). Mr. Avery was deprived
of his constitutional right to present a complete defense because of the Brady
violation committed by the State in failing to tender the forensic examination CD
and report of Detective Velie, entitled “Dassey Computer, Final Report,
Investigative Copy.” The failure of trial defense counsel to have the benefit of
using the CD to establish the Denny motive requirement as it pertained Bobby
and/or to impeach Bobby, the State’s primary witness, deprived Mr. Avery of a
meaningful opportunity to present a complete defense.
The Cumulative Effect of the Brady Violations establishes materiality
In addressing a Brady claim, the court is not to view each piece of
suppressed evidence in isolation. Instead, the court is required to assess the
cumulative impact of all the suppressed evidence to determine its materiality.
Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419, 434 (1995). Suppressed evidence is material if its
cumulative effect creates a reasonable probability of a different result at trial.
E.g., Goudy v. Basinger, 604 F.3d 394, 400 (7th Cir. 2010) (citing Kyles, 514 U.S.
at 434). A reasonable probability of a different result exists if the suppressed
63
information undermines confidence in the verdict. Id. (citing Kyles, 514 U.S. at
434).
The Kyles Court noted “[t]he question is not whether the defendant would
more likely than not have received a different verdict with the evidence, but
whether in its absence he received a fair trial, understood as a trial resulting in a
verdict worthy of confidence.” Id at 434. A “reasonable probability” is lower
than a preponderance of evidence standard. It is demonstrated where the defense
shows that the failure “undermine[d] confidence” in the conviction. Youngblood
v. West Virginia, 547 U.S. 867, 869–70 (2006).
For example, in Bies v. Sheldon, 775 F.3d 386 (6th Cir. 2014), the
defendant was convicted for kidnap, assault, and murder. Id. at 388. In
addressing the cumulative impact of the undisclosed evidence, the United States
Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit noted that, had the evidence been disclosed to
the defense, it would have allowed defense counsel “to construct a plausible
alternative narrative of the crime.” Id. at 400. Specifically, witnesses reported
seeing a group—that may have included the victim—taunting Cordray close in
time to the victim’s murder. Id. Police had determined that Cordray’s palm print
was similar to the print found at the scene, and one witness noted that Cordray had
injuries to his knuckles after the murder. Id. In vacating the defendant’s
conviction, the court held, “These facts, had they been disclosed, would have
provided a compelling counter-narrative to the State's theory of the case and could
64
have created a reasonable doubt as to [the defendant’s] guilt in the minds of the
jurors.” Id. at 400-01.
The undisclosed evidence to Mr. Avery would have permitted the defense
to construct a plausible alternative narrative of the crime. As stated previously,
Mr. Rahmlow and Mr. Radandt’s testimony and the unedited flyover video would
have established that the RAV-4 was planted on the Avery property. The missing
Zipperer voicemail and the undisclosed Heitl report would have changed the
State’s timeline of Ms. Halbach’s activities and would have provided evidence
establishing Mr. Hillegas as a Denny third-party suspect. The undisclosed Dassey-
Janda CD would have impeached Bobby, who was unimpeached as the State’s
primary witness, as well as established motive to name him as a Denny third-party
suspect.
III. The circuit court erred as a matter of law in failing to address Mr.
Avery’s claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel.
The 6th and 14th Amendments to the United States Constitution guarantee
Mr. Avery the right to effective assistance of counsel at critical stages of his
prosecution. In order to prove that he received constitutionally inadequate
assistance, Mr. Avery must show that: (1) his counsel performed deficiently; and
(2) counsel's deficient performance prejudiced him. State v. Jenkins, 2014 WI 59,
¶ 35, 355 Wis. 2d 180, 848 N.W.2d 786 (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.
668, 687 (1984)).
65
Whether Mr. Avery received ineffective assistance is a mixed question of
law and fact. Jenkins, 2014 WI 59, at ¶ 38 (citing State v. Domke, 2011 WI 95, ¶
33, 337 Wis. 2d 268, 805 N.W.2d 364). A circuit court’s “findings of fact,
including the circumstances of the case and the counsel’s conduct and strategy,”
are upheld unless clearly erroneous. Jenkins, 2014 WI at ¶ 38 (citing State v.
Thiel, 2003 WI 111, ¶ 21, 264 Wis. 2d 571, 665 N.W.2d 305). Whether counsel’s
performance satisfies the constitutional standard for ineffective assistance of
counsel is a question of law, which this Court reviews de novo. Id.
B. Failure to hire experts case law
In certain cases, the duty to investigate includes a duty to consult with and
call expert witnesses to testify at trial. “Criminal cases will arise where the only
reasonable and available defense strategy requires consultation with experts or
introduction of expert evidence, whether pretrial, at trial, or both.” Harrington v.
Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 106 (2011) (emphasis added). Thus, there are times where
the only adequate means of challenging expert testimony elicited by the State is to
introduce contrary expert testimony in favor of the defense. Woolley v. Rednour,
702 F.3d 411, 424 (7th Cir. 2012) (finding deficient performance for the failure to
consult with and call a rebuttal expert where there were “significant holes” in the
prosecution’s expert’s conclusions that could only be adequately addressed
through contrary expert testimony).
Several cases in Wisconsin likewise hold that the failure to investigate
and/or call expert witnesses to discredit the State’s case, and/or to support the
66
defendant’s theory, constitute ineffective assistance. E.g., State v. Zimmerman,
266 Wis. 2d 1003 (Ct. App. 2003) (trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by
failing to call a pathologist to refute testimony that a cord in the defendant’s van
was consistent with victim’s wounds).
Likewise, in Thomas v. Clements, the defendant was convicted of
intentionally strangling the victim to death. 789 F.3d 760, 762–63 (7th Cir. 2015).
The defendant’s defense was that he unintentionally caused the victim’s death by
putting too much pressure on her neck for too long during sex. Id. To rebut this
defense, the prosecution relied on testimony from the medical examiner who
performed the victim’s autopsy. Id. at 764–65. The medical examiner testified
that the hemorrhages in the victim’s eyes and abrasions to her face indicated that
the pressure applied to her neck occurred during an assault and was intentional.
Id.
The Seventh Circuit held that trial counsel’s failure to even consider
contacting a pathologist to review or challenge the medical examiner’s findings
constituted ineffective assistance. Id. at 769. Specifically, counsel knew that his
client claimed that the death was unintentional, and that there were no signs of a
struggle. Id. The court concluded that to not even contact an expert “was to
accept [the medical examiner’s] finding of intentional death without challenge and
basically doom [the] defense’s theory of the case.” Id.
67
C. Failure to hire experts
Blood Spatter
It is indisputable that the State’s blood spatter expert’s testimony regarding
Mr. Avery’s blood in the RAV-4 was the most critical piece of forensic evidence
used to obtain Mr. Avery’s conviction. The State’s blood spatter expert was
unrebutted because trial defense counsel failed to present a blood spatter expert on
Mr. Avery’s behalf.
On November 16, 2017, trial defense counsel, Mr. Strang, gave current
postconviction counsel an affidavit admitting that trial defense counsel was
ineffective for failing to hire a blood spatter expert:
I knew that an acquittal very likely would depend in part upon an explanation for
Steven Avery’s blood being found in the Toyota RAV-4 other than because he
was in that car himself. . . . To my recollection, I did not consider hiring a blood
spatter expert who might have consulted, done independent testing, testified, or
all three as to the bloodstains found in either of those two general areas of Ms.
Halbach’s car. I did not have a strategic reason for not considering or hiring such
an expert or experts.
(636:105) (App. 765).
Trial defense counsel committed themselves to 1 theory about the source of
the planted blood by claiming that it came from the 1996 blood vial and was
planted by law enforcement. However, trial defense counsel did nothing to
substantiate the theory for 8 months prior to trial, and at the pre-trial conference on
December 20, 2006, they declined the State’s offer to split the sample and perform
“simultaneous testing” or to “join the State in pursuing a single test.” (347:2).
68
Mr. Avery told law enforcement that his finger, which had been cut open
prior to October 31, 2005, re-bled on November 3, 2005, and dripped blood in his
bathroom sink and on the bathroom floor. (646:6; 648:1–2). Mr. Avery
consistently expressed his belief to his attorneys and the media that his blood
found in Ms. Halbach’s vehicle was planted and that it came from his trailer.
(114:2; 604:22) (App. 512). In a recorded interview, he said he dripped blood
from his finger into his bathroom sink. (646:6; 648:1–2). Mr. Avery’s claim that
he bled in his bathroom into the sink was corroborated by his blood found around
his sink and on his bathroom floor. (296:2). He told law enforcement and trial
defense counsel that, as he was leaving his property on November 3, 2005, and
exiting onto Highway 147, he observed tail lights of a vehicle close to his trailer.
(604:80). Mr. Avery told trial defense counsel that he noticed that the blood had
been removed from his sink when he entered his bathroom, early in the morning
on November 4, 2005. (604:27; 646:6) (App. 517).
In current postconviction counsel’s Motion filed on June 7, 2017, Mr.
James, a blood spatter expert (604:137–63) (App. 310–36), opines in his affidavit
that the blood drops and flakes from Mr. Avery found in the RAV-4 were not from
“an actively bleeding middle right finger,” as the State told the jury. (604:126–97;
696:86; 737:29–59) (App. 299–370, 1050–80).
Prosecutor Kratz erroneously claimed that the “sheer volume, the sheer
number of places” rule out that the blood in the RAV-4 was planted. (715:59).
However, only 1 to 2 milliliters of Mr. Avery’s blood was found in the RAV-4.
69
(705:27). The experiments conducted by Mr. James with 1 to 2 milliliters
demonstrates that the small amount of blood in the RAV-4 was selectively dripped
in certain places but not others. Mr. James’s experiments demonstrate that the
blood was not from an actively bleeding finger because there would have been
blood in many more places in the RAV-4, including on the door handle, key,
gearshift, interior hood release, hood latch, hood prop, or battery cable. (604:134;
737:31) (App. 307, 1052).
Suspiciously, there were no bloody fingerprints of Mr. Avery in or on the
RAV-4 despite the fact that he could not have been wearing gloves when he
allegedly deposited blood from the cut on his finger in the RAV-4. (711:13).
Mr. James states in his affidavit that the contact stain by the ignition is
consistent with being placed with an applicator. (604:135–36; 737:31) (App. 308–
09). Mr. James opines that the blood flakes on the driver’s side carpet rule out an
actively bleeding finger because the blood would soak into the carpet and not form
flakes on top of it. Similarly, EDTA blood would not form flakes on top of the
carpet. (603:83, at ¶ 133; 604:135) (App. 308). Fresh blood dripped in a sink
would coagulate in approximately 15 minutes and could form some flakes that
could be scooped up and planted on top of the RAV-4 carpet. (604:135; 621:23)
(App. 308; 773). If Mr. Avery had bled on the carpet, there would be a
corresponding stain under the blood flakes. Additionally, the remaining fresh
blood could be removed and planted.
70
In Mr. James’s affidavit, he refutes the State’s expert, Mr. Stahlke’s
testimony, regarding the origin of the blood spatter on the inside of the rear cargo
door of the RAV-4. Mr. James performed experiments, which demonstrate that
the blood spatter on the inside of the rear cargo door was caused by Ms. Halbach
being struck with an object such as a hammer or mallet while she was lying on her
back on the ground behind the vehicle after the rear cargo door was opened.
(603:73–74). Mr. James ruled out Mr. Stahlke’s explanation that the blood was
from Ms. Halbach’s hair as she was flung into the rear cargo area. (604:130–31)
(App. 303–04).
The blood stain hair pattern on the panel in the cargo area was the result of
the RAV-4 being driven while Ms. Halbach laid in the cargo area bleeding from a
head wound, which created multiple stains as the car moved. (737:31, at ¶ 7;
603:130, at ¶ 251). The bloodstain pattern evidence refutes Prosecutor Kratz’s
claim that the pattern was caused by the vehicle sitting stationary and Ms. Halbach
being thrown in and pulled back out of the vehicle. (715:60–61).
In a similar case in Texas, the Court of Criminal Appeals held that the
failure to challenge the State’s testimony concerning blood spatter constituted
ineffective assistance of trial defense counsel. Ex parte Abrams, Case No. AP-
75366, 2006 WL 825775 (Tex. Crim. App. Mar. 29, 2006.) In Abrams, the
defendant claimed that she stabbed the victim believing him to be an intruder. Id.
at * 1. Specifically, the defendant claimed that she was taking a bath when she
heard noises in the other room. Id. at *2. The State elicited testimony contrary to
71
the defendant’s version of events to the effect that blood spatter in the defendant’s
bathtub indicated that the tub was not wet when the blood was deposited. Id. The
court held that defense counsel’s failure to challenge the State’s witness’s
testimony by, for example, presenting contradictory expert testimony, qualified as
ineffective assistance. Id.
Mr. James states in his affidavit that the most likely source of Mr. Avery’s
planted blood was from the blood in his sink, and not blood from the 1996 blood
vial as trial defense counsel claimed. (604:135–36; 603:73, 75–77 at ¶¶ 134, 140–
44; 648:1–2; T.E. 206) (App. 299–370). Mr. James, because of his familiarity
with EDTA blood vials, opines that the hole in the top of the 1996 blood vial tube
was made at the time Mr. Avery’s blood was put in the tube, and the blood around
the stopper is a common occurrence and does not indicate that the tube was
tampered with. (603:73, at ¶ 134; 604:126–97) (App. 299–370).
Ballistics
Mr. Strang, in his affidavit on November 16, 2017, admitted that he was
ineffective in not having ballistics and trace experts regarding #FL. (636:105–06;
707:103) (App. 765–66).
Trial defense counsel failed to hire a ballistics expert to rebut the State’s
experts’ testimony that Ms. Halbach’s cause of death was the result of being shot
into her skull with a .22, identified as #FL. (703:63; 706:150, 165–66, 172–73;
707:103, 116). Current postconviction counsel’s ballistics expert, Lucien Haag
72
(“Mr. Haag”), states in his affidavit that #FL shows no evidence of having been
shot into a skull. Mr. Haag explains that #FL, identified as a .22 LR, was
comprised of such soft metal that there would be detectable bone fragments
embedded in the damaged bullet if it had been fired into Ms. Halbach’s skull.
(621:255–58) (App. 782–85). Mr. Haag conducted experiments that demonstrate
bone would have been embedded in a .22 LR bullet if it was shot into bone.
Because no bone fragments were identified in #FL (707:103) during its WSCL
examination, it is Mr. Haag’s opinion that #FL was not fired into Ms. Halbach’s
skull. (621:255–58) (App. 782–85).Trial defense counsel missed the opportunity
to cross examine Mr. Newhouse about the absence of any bone particles in his
report. (621:257).
DNA Expert: Quantities of DNA on hood latch
Trial defense counsel failed to present a DNA expert at Mr. Avery’s trial.
Current postconviction counsel retained DNA expert, Dr. Reich, a
Harvard/Stanford-educated molecular biologist. Dr. Reich has offered the
following opinions which refute the State’s DNA evidence:
1. According to Dr. Reich, it would take approximately 90 attempts at
opening the RAV-4 hood latch to deposit the amount of DNA
recovered by the WSCL. (630:3) (App. 546). The WSCL identified
1.9 nanograms (30 microliters of a DNA solution at a concentration
of 0.0616 nanograms/microliter) of DNA on the hood latch.
73
(604:107; 615:68–75) (App. 426). Dr. Reich reached this
conclusion by conducting a series of experiments on an identical
hood latch.
2. Dr. Reich refutes the State’s claim “as having no scientific
foundation” that the hood latch DNA was deposited by sweat from
Mr. Avery’s hands. (630:1) (App. 544).
DNA Expert: Groin swab
Trial defense counsel failed to investigate or raise the illegal seizure of 2
groin swabs from Mr. Avery on November 9, 2005, which could have been used
to plant the DNA on the RAV-4 hood latch. (603:87, at ¶ 166; 604:64). The facts
surrounding the illegal seizure of the groin swabs are as follows:
1. Mr. Avery was arrested on a felon in possession of a gun charge on
November 9, 2005, and he was taken to the Aurora Medical Center
where Nurse Fay Fritsch (“Nurse Fritsch”) took 2 groin swabs from
him in the presence of SA Fassbender and Inv. Wiegert.
2. After the groin swabs were taken, SA Fassbender and Inv. Wiegert
“conferred and determined that the search warrant did not call for
that type of exam. Inv. Wiegert immediately stopped Nurse Fritsch
and the exam was concluded.” (604:64).
3. According to Mr. Avery, Inv. Wiegert told Nurse Fritsch to give him
the groin swabs and Mr. Avery observed Inv. Wiegert walk to the
74
examination room receptacle as if to discard the groin swabs, but
Mr. Avery did not observe Inv. Wiegert deposit the groin swabs into
the receptacle. (604:28, at ¶ 31) (App. 518).
Mr. Avery’s claim that the groin swabs were not discarded is corroborated
by the following highly suspicious facts:
1. Nurse Fritsch never charted on the forensic evidence sheet that she
had taken the groin swabs, even though she charted that she took
buccal swabs from Mr. Avery. (603:87–88, at ¶¶ 166–68; 615:45–
46).
2. Nurse Fritsch’s charting indicates that the only law enforcement
officer present was Sgt. William Tyson (“Sgt. Tyson”), but SA
Fassbender’s report indicates that he met Inv. Wiegert at the
examination and both of them were present in the room. (615:46;
604:64).
It is beyond coincidence that it was Inv. Wiegert and SA Fassbender who
interrogated Brendan, a vulnerable, intellectually-impaired teenager, who is most
likely on the Autism spectrum. They introduced the hood latch story in their
March 1, 2006, interrogation. Agent Fassbender asked Brendan, “Did he, did he,
did he [sic] go and look at the engine, did he raise the hood at all or anything like
that? To do something to that car?” (615:48). On May 16, 2006, when asked how
he came up with the hood latch story, Brendan responded “just guessing.”
(615:50).
75
It is a reasonable inference that SA Fassbender and Inv. Wiegert were
highly motivated to provide corroboration for the confession they created.
Therefore, they ordered that the hood latch be swabbed for DNA evidence.
On April 3, 2006, SA Fassbender and Inv. Wiegert specifically directed
Dep. Hawkins and Sgt. Tyson to go into the storage shed where the RAV-4 was
located to swab the hood latch, battery cables, and interior and exterior door
handles. (615:53). At 19:37 hours, Sgt. Tyson swabbed the hood latch. Dep.
Hawkins took photographs, including a photograph of the swab. (615:55–56).
After Sgt. Tyson swabbed the hood latch, he gave the swab to CCSD Dep.
Hawkins for storage. (615:58–59).
The instructions SA Fassbender and Inv. Wiegert gave Dep. Hawkins and
Sgt. Tyson revealed their illegal plan, because they failed to request swabbing of
the interior hood release lever and hood prop, which, by necessity, Mr. Avery
would have handled when opening the hood to disconnect the battery cable. They
knew Mr. Avery was never in the RAV-4, so no additional swabbing was
requested.
On April 4, 2006, Dep. Hawkins signed the hood latch swab (CCSD
Property Tag #9188) over to Inv. Wiegert for transport to the WSCL in Madison.
(615:58, 61–62). When Inv. Wiegert arrived at WSCL, he presented Wisconsin
Department of Justice Evidence Transmittal Form labeled M05-2467-27. (615:64,
66). Dep. Hawkins’ name was typed on the form as the submitting officer, which
he was not. (615:64). Then, Inv. Wiegert hand-printed Dep. Hawkins’ name on
76
the form, again deliberately misidentifying Dep. Hawkins as the submitting
officer, which was a complete misrepresentation. (615:66). Clearly, Inv. Wiegert
switched the groin and hood latch swabs and fabricated the chain of custody
documentation so that it would appear that Dep. Hawkins submitted the hood latch
swab to WSCL. (615:61–62, 64, 66; 604:28, 105–104, 113) (App. 518, 524–29,
532). Trial defense counsel failed to investigate all of the surrounding
circumstances that led to the groin swabs being illegally taken from Mr. Avery and
the chain of custody on the submission of the alleged hood latch swab to the
WSCL on April 4, 2006.
According to Dr. Reich, one way for forensic evidence to be planted is by
re-labeling the forensic swabs. (604:111–13) (App. 530–32). Dr. Reich offers the
opinion that “a rubbed groin swab taken from the defendant was relabeled and
thus became evidence from a hood latch.” (604:111–13) (App. 530–31).
Trial defense counsel never considered the possibility that the groin swab
was substituted for the hood latch swab because they failed to investigate the chain
of custody involving the hood latch swab and the illegal seizure of the groin swab.
DNA Expert: Toyota Key
Dr. Reich opines that the DNA found on the Toyota sub-key found in Mr.
Avery’s bedroom was planted. Dr. Reich conducted experiments which
demonstrated that Mr. Avery deposited 10 times less DNA on the exemplar sub-
key than what was discovered by the WSCL and used to convict Mr. Avery.
77
(604:110; 631:2; 604:110) (App. 529). Dr. Reich states, “An order of magnitude
difference is a significant finding.” (604:110) (App. 529). Dr. Reich’s
experiments refute Ms. Culhane’s explanation for the presence of Mr. Avery’s
DNA on the key, that Mr. Avery was “a good shedder.” Clearly, he was not.
(704:104; 630:2) (App. 545).
Forensic Anthropology and Kerf Marks Expert
Current postconviction counsel’s forensic anthropologist with kerf mark
expertise, Dr. Symes, Ph.D., D-ABFA, offered the opinion in his affidavit that a
microscopic examination of the suspected human pelvic bones performed in 2005
would have determined, to a high percentage of accuracy, whether the pelvic
bones were human. (615:166) (App. 549). Dr. Symes also opined that it was
below the standard of practice for a competent forensic anthropologist to not
perform microscopic and histological examinations of the possible human pelvic
bone. Neither Dr. Eisenberg nor Dr. Fairgrieve performed a microscopic
examination of the suspected pelvic bones. (615:167) (App. 550). If the pelvic
bones in the Manitowoc County Gravel Pit were shown to be human, the State’s
entire theory against Mr. Avery would have collapsed. The State claimed that Ms.
Halbach never left the Avery property after she arrived, was murdered in Mr.
Avery’s garage, and her body was burned in his burn pit. If, in fact, Ms. Halbach
was murdered in the Manitowoc County Gravel Pit and her body was burned
78
there, the State could not have linked the crime exclusively to Mr. Avery.
(715:148).
Audio Enhancement Expert
Current postconviction counsel hired an audio enhancement expert to
enhance the Sgt. Colborn dispatch call regarding the RAV-4 license plate. The
enhanced version, created by the expert, clearly reveals that a second person was
with Sgt. Colborn and makes the statement, “It’s hers.” (648:1–2; 621:133). The
statement impeaches the testimony of Sgt. Colborn that he was not looking at the
RAV-4 when he made the dispatch call. (648:1–2; 701:185, 187; T.E. 212).
Experiment to establish that RAV-4 sub-key was planted
Neither side subpoenaed Mr. Avery’s bookcase to the trial. Trial defense
counsel’s failure to have the bookcase at trial, to demonstrate the impossibility of
the State’s story about the discovery of the key, was a fatal error. A simple
experiment with the bookcase and Toyota key would have conclusively
demonstrated that the key was planted next to the bookcase by Sgt. Colborn and
Lt. Lenk. Conclusive proof that this one piece of evidence was planted would
have collapsed the State’s house of fabricated evidence. Current postconviction
counsel had experiments performed with an identical bookcase and an identical
1999 Toyota RAV-4 key on a blue fabric lanyard that demonstrates that Sgt.
Colborn’s and Lt. Lenk’s testimony about the discovery of Ms. Halbach’s key in
Mr. Avery’s bedroom is demonstrably false. (603:78–80).
79
Experiment to refute burning plastic smell of Ms. Halbach’s electronic

components
Current postconviction counsel’s investigator conducted a series of
experiments refuting Mr. Fabian’s trial testimony that on October 31, 2005, he
was in the vicinity of Mr. Avery’s burn barrel and smelled the distinct odor of
burning plastic coming from Mr. Avery’s burn barrel. (615:194–99; 705:112,
114) (App. 1120–25).
The admissibility of experiments and recreations to support and illustrate an

expert’s opinions is well-established in Wisconsin
The Wisconsin Courts have held: “Pretrial experiments may be admitted
into evidence if their probative value is not substantially outweighed by prejudice,
confusion, and waste of time. . . . Experts are allowed to describe such
experiments, state the results and give their conclusions based thereon.” Maskrey
v. VolkswagenwerkAktiengesellschaft, 125 Wis .2d 145 (Ct. App. 1985). The
experiments conducted by Mr. Avery’s experts would all be admissible according
to Wisconsin case law.
Ineffective Assistance of trial defense counsel in obtaining experts prejudiced Mr.

Avery in his defense
The circuit court failed to address any of Mr. Avery’s arguments on the
ineffective assistance of trial defense counsel in failing to hire experts. Mr. Avery
has demonstrated that trial defense counsel’s deficient performance prejudiced his
defense. Mr. Avery “is not required [under Strickland] to show ‘that counsel’s
80
deficient conduct more likely than not altered the outcome of the case.’” State v.
Moffett, 147 Wis. 2d 343, 353, 433 N.W.2d 572, 576 (1989), quoting Strickland,
466 U.S. at 693. Rather, “[t]he question on review is whether there is a reasonable
probability that a jury viewing the evidence untainted by counsel’s errors would
have had a reasonable doubt respecting guilt.” Id. at 357.
“Reasonable probability,” under this standard, is defined as “probability
sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Id., quoting Strickland, 466
U.S. at 694. If this test is satisfied, relief is required; no supplemental, abstract
inquiry into the “fairness” of the proceedings is permissible. Williams v. Taylor,
529 U.S. 362 (2000). In addressing this issue, the Court normally must consider
the totality of the circumstances (Strickland, 466 U.S. at 695) and thus must assess
the cumulative effect of all errors, and may not merely review the effect of each in
isolation. See, e.g., Alvarez v. Boyd, 225 F.3d 820, 824 (7th Cir. 2000); State v.
Thiel, 2003 WI 111, ¶¶ 59–60, 264 Wis. 2d 571, 665 N.W.2d 305 (addressing
cumulative effect of deficient performance of counsel).
The deficiency prong of the Strickland test is met when counsel’s errors
were the result of oversight rather than a reasoned defense strategy. See Wiggins
v. Smith, 539 U.S. 510, 534 (2003); Dixon v. Snyder, 266 F.3d 693, 703 (7th Cir.
2001).
It is not necessary to demonstrate total incompetence of counsel, and Mr.
Avery makes no such claim here. Rather, a single serious error may justify
reversal. Kimmelman v. Morrison, 477 U.S. 365, 383 (1986), superseded by
81
statute, Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-
132, 110 Stat. 1214, as recognized in Thomas v. Sullivan, 2011 WL 5075807
(C.D. Cal.); see United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 657 n.20 (1984). Here, Mr.
Avery’s experts in blood spatter, ballistics, DNA, anthropology with kerf mark
specialization, forensic pathology, police procedure, and audio enhancement have
demonstrated that the State’s experts made multiple serious errors in their
unrebutted testimony to the jury. One error in and of itself justifies a reversal.
Kimmelman, 477 U.S. at 383. Mr. Strang has provided current postconviction
counsel with affidavits admitting that it was oversight and not a reasoned defense
strategy to fail to hire a blood spatter and ballistics expert.
D. Failure to investigate and impeach the State’s primary witness:

Bobby
In determining whether counsel performed deficiently, a defendant must
show that counsel’s representation “fell below the objective standard of reasonably
effective assistance.” Jenkins, 2014 WI 59, at ¶ 40 (citing Domke, 2011 WI ¶ 36).
Both failure to conduct a reasonable investigation and failure to call a witness to
testify can constitute deficient performance. State v. Delgado, 194 Wis. 2d 737,
751–56, 535 N.W.2d 450 (Ct. App. 1995); State v. Hubert, 181 Wis. 2d 333, 343–
44, 510 N.W.2d 799 (Ct. App. 1993); Whitmore v. State, 56 Wis. 2d 706, 715, 203
N.W.2d 56 (1973). Incomplete investigations, which are the result of inattention
or oversight, do not constitute a reasoned strategic judgment to satisfy the
Constitution. Wiggins, 539 U.S. at 534.
82
Bobby was the State’s primary witness against Mr. Avery. During his
opening statement, prosecutor Kratz explicitly informed the jury of the
significance of Bobby’s putative observations on the date of Ms. Halbach’s
disappearance:
You are going to hear that Bobby Dassey was the last person, the last citizen that
will have seen Teresa Halbach alive.
(696:104).
At trial, Bobby testified that he observed Ms. Halbach’s light-green or teal-
colored SUV pull up in his driveway at 2:30 p.m. on October 31, 2005. (689:36).
Bobby then observed Ms. Halbach exit her vehicle and start taking pictures of his
mom’s maroon van right in front of his trailer. (689:37). Bobby testified that he
then observed Ms. Halbach walking towards the door of Mr. Avery’s trailer.
(689:38). The following exchange occurred between Prosecutor Kratz and Bobby:
“Q: After seeing this woman walking toward your Uncle Steven’s trailer, did you
ever see this woman again?
A: No.”
(689:39).
Bobby then testified that he took a three- or four-minute shower and then
left his trailer to go hunting. (689:39). Bobby walked to his Chevy Blazer, which
was parked between the trailer and garage. (689:39). Bobby testified that as he
walked to his vehicle, he observed Ms. Halbach’s vehicle still parked in the
driveway. (689:40). Bobby further testified that he did not see Ms. Halbach or
83
any signs of her. (689:40). Bobby testified that when he returned to his trailer
around “five-ish,” Ms. Halbach’s vehicle was gone. (689:41).
During his closing argument, Prosecutor Kratz once again emphasized the
importance of Bobby’s testimony and vouched for his credibility:
We talked more about the timeline and we heard from Bobby Dassey, again, in
the same kind of a position to be—his credibility to be weighed by you, but is an
eyewitness. Again, an eyewitness without any bias. It is a [sic] individual that
deserves to be given a lot of credit. Because sometime between 2:30 and 2:45 he
sees Teresa Halbach. He sees her taking photographs. He sees her finishing the
photo shoot. And he sees her walking up towards Uncle Steve’s trailer.
(715:91).
Bryan, Bobby’s brother, told law enforcement that Bobby saw Ms. Halbach
leave the Avery property on October 31, 2005, contrary to Bobby’s trial
testimony. (630:29; 631:33–39; 633:5). Trial defense counsel was well aware that
Bryan had provided law enforcement with a statement that contradicted Bobby’s
trial testimony that Ms. Halbach never left the Avery property as illustrated in
their motion Defendant’s Statement on Third-Party Responsibility, which noted
that Bryan had told law enforcement that Bobby actually saw Ms. Halbach leave
the Avery property. (198:19). Unfortunately, trial defense counsel failed to call
Bryan as a witness to impeach Bobby’s testimony that he never saw Ms. Halbach
leave the Avery property. (689:40; 630:29). On October 16, 2017, Bryan
provided current postconviction counsel with an affidavit confirming that Bobby
told him he saw Ms. Halbach leave the Avery property on October 31, 2005.
(630:30–31) (App. 737–38). Trial defense counsel’s investigator, Conrad Baetz
84
(“Mr. Baetz”), has provided an affidavit that he was unaware of the police report
of Bryan’s interview. (630:32-45).
In State v. Thiel, 264 Wis. 2d 571 (2003), the Wisconsin Supreme Court
granted postconviction relief after the trial defense attorney failed to conduct a
significant investigation. There, the defendant set forth precisely what would have
been revealed had the trial defense attorney conducted an investigation consistent
with the defendant’s constitutional right to counsel. In the instant case, Thiel also
supports Mr. Avery’s position that relief is warranted because his trial defense
attorneys were ineffective in failing to properly review the discovery prior to Mr.
Avery’s trial to fully understand Bryan’s statements to law enforcement. In Thiel,
the defendant’s allegation that his trial attorney had not reviewed all of the
discovery constituted an additional basis for the Supreme Court to grant relief.
The same result is compelled here.
Bryan was available to testify at Mr. Avery’s trial and could have
impeached Bobby on this critical piece of information that led to Mr. Avery’s
conviction. If Mr. Buting and Mr. Strang had effectively cross-examined Bobby
they could have impeached him by calling Bryan. The State’s most important
eyewitness would have been discredited and the State’s theory that Ms. Halbach
never left the Avery property would have been refuted. Bryan’s testimony would
have been a game changer. Applying the correct Strickland standard to the failure
of trial defense counsel to impeach Bobby, it has been demonstrated to a
reasonable probability that if Bryan had been called as a witness to refute Bobby’s
85
statement that Ms. Halbach did not leave the Avery property, that would have
been sufficient evidence to undermine the verdict. Clearly, the jury perceived that
Bobby was the most important State witness in establishing Mr. Avery’s guilt
because the jury, during deliberations, requested to review Bobby’s testimony.
(384:1–2). Wisconsin has long held that impeaching evidence may be enough to
warrant a new trial. State v. Plude, 2008 WI 58, ¶ 47, 310 Wis.2d 28, 750 N.W.2d
42. In Mr. Avery’s audio taped November 6, 2005 interview, he told the
Marinette County Sheriff’s Department:
Well I went—I put the book in the house by the computer, and then I uh, I
walked by my sister's and to see if Bobby was home yet. But he just left.
(737:80).
Trial defense counsel failed to fully appreciate the police interview of
Bryan that would have discredited the State’s primary witness, Bobby. It was
Bobby and not Mr. Avery who was the last person to see Ms. Halbach. According
to Mr. Avery’s police procedure and investigation expert, Gregg McCrary (“Mr.
McCrary”) Bobby should have been investigated as a potential suspect in the
murder of Ms. Halbach because of his preoccupation with viewing violent
pornographic images resembling Ms. Halbach, his false statements to the police,
and his perjured statements at Mr. Avery’s trial. (630:117–48; 636:38–88) (App.
217–67, 660–91).
Additionally, trial defense counsel could have hired a forensic pathologist
as current postconviction counsel did, who would have offered the opinion that the
86
scratches on Bobby’s, upper back that were photographed on November 9, 2005,
at Aurora Medical Center were inconsistent with his statements to the police that
they were caused by his 8-week-old puppy scratching him. (737:153, 155–62)
(App. 1082, 1084–91). Dr. Larry Blum (“Dr. Blum”) has offered the opinion that
the scratches on Bobby’s upper back are inconsistent with a dog’s paw and
consistent with human fingernails. (737:152–62) (App. 1081–91).
E. Failure to establish Mr. Hillegas as a Denny third-party

suspect
Trial defense counsel failed to investigate and gather evidence about Mr.
Hillegas. The following pieces of evidence regarding Mr. Hillegas were
overlooked by trial defense counsel and demonstrate there was failure to conduct a
significant investigation consistent with Mr. Avery’s constitutional right to have
effective counsel:
1) Concealment by Mr. Hillegas of his abusive relationship with Ms.
Halbach (61:288) (App. 576);
2) Failure to impeach Mr. Hillegas on his trial testimony that the
relationship between Ms. Halbach and Mr. Bloedorn was platonic,
when in fact it was sexual in nature (694:157; 603:123);
3) Failure to impeach Mr. Hillegas with his untruthful statement to the
police about Ms. Halbach’s alleged insurance claim for her damaged
parking light, when in fact no such insurance claim was made and the
87
parking light was found in the rear cargo area of the RAV-4 after Ms.
Halbach’s disappearance. (603:125–26; 621:91);
4) Failure to obtain an alibi from Mr. Hillegas or impeach him with the
significant gaps in his phone records during the time of the murder.
(603:126–27; 694:194; 621:86–88; 621:87; 694:158; 631:41–42;
621:87; 694:160);
5) Failure to impeach Mr. Hillegas regarding the 8 minutes and 55
seconds of telephone deletions from Ms. Halbach’s phone after he
obtained her username and password and accessed her phone.
(603:128–31; 615:287 694:187) (App. 575);
6) Failure to impeach Mr. Hillegas as to his location when he received 22
unidentified dropped phone calls between 3:11 p.m. and 7:25 p.m. on
November 4, 2005, the night trial defense counsel suspected the RAV-
4 was planted on the Avery property (603:135; 621:88);
7) Failure to impeach Mr. Hillegas with the contradictory statement that
the cell phone coverage on the Avery property was “absolutely horrid”
when he had testified that he had never been on the Avery prior to
November 5, 2005 (657:85);
8) Failure to discover that Mr. Hillegas was in possession of Ms.
Halbach’s day planner, which was in her vehicle at the time of her
murder.
(631:48–49).
88
F. Trial defense counsel failed to investigate a variety of

additional topics
Current postconviction counsel describes in the Motion for Postconviction
Relief, filed June 7, 2017, a variety of failures of trial defense counsel to conduct a
significant investigation before trial. (603:136–149). Thiel at ¶¶ 45-48.
IV. The circuit court erred as a matter of law, in ruling that it was not
authorized by statute to resolve claims of ineffective assistance of
prior postconviction counsel, and that Mr. Avery would have to
pursue that claim with the Court of Appeals pursuant to State v.
Knight, 168 Wis. 2d 509, 484 N.W.2d 540 (1992).
The circuit court held that “a circuit court is not authorized by statute to
resolve claims of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. State v. Knight, 168
Wis.2d 509, 484 N.W.2d 540 (1992). In this matter, if the defendant wishes to
pursue the claims regarding appellate counsel, the defense may file a Knight
motion with the Court of Appeals.” (628:2–3) (App. 172–73).
When, as here, the circuit court’s decision turned on a matter of law, the
appropriate standard of review is de novo. See Olson v. Town of Cottage Grove,
2008 WI 51, ¶ 32 n.5 (citing Jones v. Secura Ins. Co., 2002 WI 11, ¶ 19).
Whether counsel was ineffective is a mixed question of fact and law. State
ex rel. Flores v. State, 183 Wis.2d 587, 609, 516 N.W.2d 362 (1994) (citing
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 698).
89
B. Mr. Avery is not challenging ineffectiveness of prior appellate

counsel
Contrary to the circuit court’s interpretation, Mr. Avery is not challenging
the effectiveness of appellate counsel. His claims focus exclusively on the
deficient performance of prior postconviction counsel in failing to raise the
ineffectiveness of his trial defense counsel. Mr. Avery does not raise a single
issue regarding his appellate brief or oral argument.
The Wisconsin courts distinguish claims challenging the effectiveness of
postconviction counsel from those challenging the effectiveness of appellate
counsel. See Wis. Stat. § 974.06; State ex rel. Rothering v. McCaughtry, 205
Wis.2d 675, 681, 556 N.W.2d 136 (Ct. App. 1996) (holding that a claim of
ineffective assistance of postconviction counsel should be raised in the trial court);
State v. Knight, 168 Wis.2d 509, 520, 484 N.W.2d 540, 544 (1992) (describing
procedure for challenging effectiveness of appellate counsel).
Because Mr. Avery’s ineffective assistance of counsel claims relate to his
prior postconviction counsel’s failure to raise meritorious claims of ineffective
assistance of trial—rather than appellate—counsel, he properly raised those issues
in a § 974.06 motion filed with the circuit court. The court in Rothering stated:
The distinction between appellate counsel and postconviction counsel is the

decisive point here. “There are two principal manifestations of appellate
representation: (a) the brief and (b) oral argument.” Because the issues Rothering
alleges appellate counsel should have briefed were waived, neither manifestation
of appellate representation was deficient.
What Rothering really complains of is the failure of postconviction counsel to

bring a postconviction motion before the trial court . . . raising the issue of
ineffective trial counsel. The allegedly deficient conduct is not what occurred
90
before this [appellate] court but rather what should have occurred before the trial
court by a motion filed by postconviction counsel. We hold that a Knight petition
is not a proper vehicle for seeking redress of the alleged deficiencies of
postconviction counsel.
Rothering, 205 Wis. 2d at 678–79 (citations omitted).
In Balliette, 2011 WI 79, 336 Wis.2d 358, 805 N.W.2d 334, the defendant’s
postconviction counsel raised two claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel.
Id. at ¶ 10. After the trial court denied those claims, the defendant unsuccessfully
appealed that denial. The defendant then filed a § 974.06 motion for a new trial.
Id. Ultimately, the Wisconsin Supreme Court reviewed the manner in which the
defendant had raised his claims of ineffectiveness of postconviction counsel. Id. at
¶ 17. After explaining that the conduct the defendant alleged to be ineffective was
postconviction counsel’s failure to highlight the deficiency of trial counsel in a §
974.02 motion before the trial court, the Wisconsin Supreme Court concluded that
there could be no dispute that the defendant properly filed his motion in the circuit
court. Id, at ¶ 33.
C. Mr. Avery’s current claims are clearly stronger than prior

postconviction counsel’s claims
Failure to hire experts
Prior postconviction counsel ignored the ineffectiveness of trial defense
counsel failing to retain experts. Clearly, prior postconviction counsel recognized
the need for experts on Mr. Avery’s behalf because they asked the court for an
extension to retain experts and stated as follows:
91
Counsel would be remiss if they did not consult with scientific experts on matters
beyond their own knowledge and expertise, just as counsel would fail to satisfy
their ethical obligations if they did not pursue potential leads for postconviction
relief.
(421:3).
Despite the fact that prior postconviction counsel recognized the need for
experts, they failed to retain a single expert to review the key pieces of forensic
evidence that resulted in Mr. Avery’s conviction.
Prior postconviction counsel failed to detect the illegal seizure of groin
swabs taken from Mr. Avery. Prior postconviction counsel failed to retain their
own experts in blood spatter, ballistics, DNA, anthropology with kerf mark
specialization, forensic pathology, police procedure, and audio enhancement, who
would have been able to demonstrate that all of the forensic evidence used to
convict Mr. Avery was planted, as summarized infra at p. 99-103.
Both trial defense counsel and prior postconviction counsel were
ineffective, pursuant to Strickland, in failing to hire the above-listed experts.
Their deficient performance falls below an objective standard of reasonableness.
Mr. Avery was prejudiced by their deficient performance. State v. Thiel, 2003 WI
111, ¶ 81 (finding ineffective assistance of counsel for the cumulative effect of
their errors).
The cumulative effect of trial defense and prior postconviction counsel
prejudiced Mr. Avery because both failed to review “certain portions of
discovery” provided by the State; failed to “master the discovery documents;”
92
failed to independently investigate certain lines of inquiry about Bobby and Mr.
Hillegas; and failed to initiate an investigation of any additional evidence or
information to impeach them. The Thiel court instructed that, in making a
Strickland evaluation of prejudice, the “totality of the representation” standard is
not the proper inquiry, but rather “the effect of counsel’s act or omissions on the
reliability of the trial’s outcome.” Thiel, 2003 WI 111, at ¶ 80. The cumulative
effect of all of these deficiencies undermines confidence in the outcome of the trial
and establishes Strickland prejudice. Id. at ¶ 81. Even though prior counsel
performed well on some aspects of the trial and postconviction, it does not offset
the cumulative effect of their deficiencies in failing to master the discovery,
independently investigate third party suspects, and obtain experts to undermine the
very flawed theory used to convict Mr. Avery.
Failure to Raise Ineffective Claim re: Impeachment of Bobby
Prior postconviction counsel filed Mr. Avery’s § 974.02 motion
immediately after trial and were ineffective under Strickland because they
confined their ineffectiveness claim against Mr. Buting and Mr. Strang to the
narrow issue of juror removal. They overlooked the clearly stronger
ineffectiveness claim of trial defense counsel’s failure to impeach the State’s
primary witness, Bobby, and other witnesses and to hire vitally important experts
to dispute the State’s experts.
93
The court, in Raether v. Meisner, 608 Fed. Appx. 409 (7th. Cir. 2015),
reversed the Wisconsin state court decision for applying the wrong standard in
Strickland. The Raether court noted that Strickland is the “benchmark decision
for claims of ineffectiveness [and] provides that the Sixth Amendment’s guarantee
of the assistance of counsel is violated if an attorney’s actions are objectively
unreasonable and prejudice the defendant.” Id. at 413. The Raether court stated:
Although the court identified Strickland as the controlling legal authority, it did
not apply Strickland’s framework. Rather, in assessing whether Raether was
prejudiced by counsel’s errors, the court required a showing of but-for causation.
That is not the standard. Instead a petitioner must demonstrate a “reasonability
probability”—defined as one “sufficient to undermine confidence in the
outcome”—that counsel’s errors materially affected the outcome of the
proceeding. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.
* * *
In this battle of credibility, counsel’s failure to make use of the witness’s prior
statements doomed Raether’s prospects from the beginning. Had counsel cross-
examined the witnesses adequately, he could have cast significant doubt on
Danielle’s and Bragg’s testimony, which was ripe for impeaching.
Id. at 414–15.
Prior postconviction counsel failed to recognize the Strickland ineffective
argument that should have been raised about trial defense counsel’s failure to
recognize the significance of Bryan’s statement to the police and that Bryan could
have been called to impeach his brother Bobby, on the pivotal issue in the case:
Did Ms. Halbach leave the Avery property on October 31, 2005? See Washington
v. Smith, 219 F.3d 620, 629–30, 635 (7th Cir. 2000) (finding deficient
performance where trial counsel failed to investigate and call significant
witnesses).
94
Prior postconviction counsel failed to raise the clearly stronger Strickland
argument regarding the failure of trial defense counsel to impeach Bobby.
Steinkuehler v. Meschner, 176 F.3d 441 (8th Cir. 1999). The ineffectiveness of
prior postconviction counsel is a sufficient reason to overcome the procedural bar
relied upon by the circuit court in denying Mr. Avery relief on his current
postconviction motion.
These failures, combined and individually, constitute textbook deficient
performance. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 691 (“Counsel has a duty to make
reasonable investigations or to make a reasonable decision that makes particular
investigations unnecessary.”); Jenkins, 2014 WI ¶¶ 41-48 (finding deficient
performance of trial counsel for failure to call a key witness).
The defendant must show that counsel's failure resulted in prejudice. In
order to demonstrate prejudice, Mr. Avery must show a "reasonable probability
that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would
have been different." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. "A reasonable probability is a
probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Id. When a
defendant alleges multiple deficiencies by trial counsel, “prejudice should be
assessed based on the cumulative effect of counsel’s deficiencies." Thiel, 2003 WI
¶ 59.
To be clear, prejudice is not an outcome-determinative standard; the focus
is on the reliability of the proceedings. State v. Pitsch, 124 Wis.2d 628, 642, 369
N.W.2d 711 (1985); State v. Smith, 2003 WI App 234, ¶ 17, 268 Wis.2d 138, 671
95
N.W.2d 854.
The result of a proceeding can be rendered unreliable, and hence the proceeding
itself, unfair, even if the errors of counsel cannot be shown by a preponderance of
the evidence to have determined the outcome.
Pitsch, 124 Wis.2d at 642.
Here, prior counsel's deficiency has rendered Mr. Avery's trial unreliable.
The sole issues at trial were the forensic evidence linking Mr. Avery to the victim
and the identity of the murderer. Trial defense counsel presented no real defense to
the State’s forensic evidence. Trial defense counsel called 7 witnesses and only 2
experts. Mr. Avery did not testify. The jury was left only with the State’s
unrebutted forensic evidence and the undisputed testimony of Bobby that Ms.
Halbach walked to Mr. Avery’s trailer and was never seen again. All of the
evidence incorporated in the Allen chart on page 99-103 applies to prior
postconviction counsel’s ineffectiveness in conducting a significant investigation
to impeach Bobby and others, and in failing to retain experts.
The above listed claims are obviously stronger than the claims raised by
prior postconviction counsel. State v. Balliette, 2011 WI 79, ¶ 69, 336 Wis.2d
358, 805 N.W.2d 334 (rejecting a defendant’s ineffective assistance claims where
the defendant did not assert that the claims counsel failed to raise were obvious
and very strong).
96
V. The circuit court abused its discretion in dismissing Mr. Avery’s

second motion pursuant to Wis. Stats. § 974.06 without requiring the
State to respond or conduct an evidentiary hearing.
The Wisconsin Supreme Court has ruled that a trial court may deny a
motion for postconviction relief under § 974.06, Stats., without a hearing if the
motion fails to allege sufficient facts to raise a question of fact, or presents only
conclusory allegations, or if the motion, files and record conclusively show that
the defendant is entitled to no relief. Rohl v. State, 96 Wis.2d 621, 625, 292
N.W.2d 636 (1980).
Whether a defendant’s postconviction motion alleges sufficient facts to
entitle the defendant to a hearing is a mixed standard of review. First, the
appellate court determines whether the motion on its face alleges sufficient
material facts that, if true, would entitle the defendants to relief. If the motion
raises such facts, the circuit court must hold a hearing. This threshold inquiry is
thus a question of law subject to de novo review. A circuit court’s discretionary
decisions are reviewed under the deferential erroneous exercise of discretion
standard. State v. Bentley 201 Wis. 2d 303, 310, 548 N.W.2d 50 (1996).
As with any other civil pleading, in assessing the legal sufficiency of the
motion, the court must assume the facts alleged therein to be true. Id.; Gritzner v.
Michael R., 2000 WI 68, ¶ 17, 235 Wis.2d 781, 611 N.W.2d 906. Even if a court
is disinclined to believe evidence offered by a movant, the court must hold a
hearing before making credibility determinations. State v. Allen, 2004 WI 106, at
97
¶12, 274 Wis.2d 568, 682 N.W.2d 433(citing State v. Leitner, 2001 WI App 172, ¶
34, 247 Wis.2d 195, 633 N.W.2d 207 (holding that when credibility is an issue, it
is best resolved by live testimony)). Only after a hearing is the court charged with
determining the issues and making findings of fact and conclusions of law. Wis.
Stat. § 974.06(3)(d).
In Rohl, the defendant filed a motion for postconviction relief. The circuit
court denied the motion, and the defendant appealed. The Court of Appeals
reversed, and the State petitioned for review. The Wisconsin Supreme Court held
that, while the allegations in the petition were initially conclusory, the circuit court
had permitted the defendant to supplement his allegations with an affidavit.
Because the affidavit “provide[d] some support for the conclusory allegation,” the
Wisconsin Supreme Court held that the circuit court abused its discretion in
dismissing the petition without an evidentiary hearing. Id. at 626.
In Zuehl v. State, 69 Wis. 2d 355, 230 N.W.2d 673 (1975), the Wisconsin
Supreme Court held that the circuit court abused its discretion because the motion
set forth sufficient factual allegations, such that it should not have been summarily
dismissed. Defendant’s only support for his allegations was his own affidavit.
The circuit court dismissed the motion, finding that the defendant’s allegation was
not supported by the previous trial court record. Id. at 357, 362. The Wisconsin
Supreme Court explained: “that is not the test. A silent record does not
conclusively show that the defendant is entitled to no relief.” Id. The defendant’s
98
burden at the first stage of the Act is to present an issue of fact that, if later proven
at a hearing, would entitle him to relief. Id.91011
The court in Allen, 2004 WI 106, ¶ 24, determined that a motion contains
sufficient material facts, for an evidentiary hearing, if it includes, “the name of the
witness (who), the reason the witness is important (why, how), and facts that can
be proven (what, where, when)—that clearly satisfy the Bentley standard, and
would entitle a defendant to a hearing.” As the chart illustrates, Mr. Avery has met
all of the Allen requirements:
Who What Where When Why/How
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel: Failure to Hire Experts
Stuart James Mr. Avery’s Mr. Avery’s Mr. Avery’s Supra at p.

blood was blood in the blood 68-72
Blood selectively RAV-4. discovered in
Spatter dripped in the RAV-4 on
Expert RAV-4 was November 5,
therefore 2005
planted.
9
In the course of her investigation, current postconviction counsel has obtained affidavits from 14
experts.
10
Current postconviction counsel has obtained 22 affidavits from 17 lay witnesses.
11
Current postconviction counsel has also obtained 3 affidavits from Mr. Avery’s trial attorneys.
99
Lucien Haag Ms. Halbach Mr. Avery’s March 1, 2006 Supra at p.

was not shot garage floor 72-73
Ballistics through the
Expert head because
#FL had no
bone particles
Dr. Using a 2016 Mr. Avery’s March 1, 2006 Infra at p.

Christopher Scanning garage floor 104-106,
Palenik, Electron 108-109
Ph.D. Microscope,
determined
Trace Expert that #FL was RAV-4 April 3, 2006
not shot
through Ms.
Halbach’s
head.
Hood latch
swab did not
swab hood
latch.
Dr. Karl Mr. Avery’s Ms. Halbach’s April 3, 2006 Supra at p.

Reich, Ph.D. DNA planted RAV-4 73-74,
on RAV-4 77-78
DNA Expert hood latch and Mr. Avery’s November 8,
Sub-key. trailer. 2005
Dr. Steven Microscopic Manitowoc November, Supra at p.

Symes, Ph.D. examination Gravel Pit 2005 78-79
should have
Forensic been done to
Anthropologi confirm
st suspected
human pelvic
bones were
human
100
Dr. John Ms. Halbach’s Mr. Avery’s November 8, Infra at p.

DeHaan, body not burn pit 2005 109
Ph.D. burned in Mr.
Avery’s burn
Forensic pit
Fire Expert
Dean Strang Admits Bloodstain Pre-trial and Supra at p.

ineffectiveness patterns: RAV-4 during trial 68-73
in failure to
hire experts.
#FL: Avery
garage
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel: Failure to Investigate and Impeach

Bobby
Bryan Bryan Dassey November 4, Supra at p.

Dassey impeaches residence 2005 84-86
Bobby
regarding Ms.
Halbach
leaving Avery
Blaine property. Infra at p.
Dassey Blaine lied at 121
trial about fire
in Mr. Avery’s
burn barrel.
Gregg Hillegas and N/A October 31, Supra at p.

McCrary Bobby as third- 2005, 86
party suspects November 3,
Police 2005, and April
Practice & 23, 2006
Investigatio
n Expert
101
Conrad Admits failure Dassey November 6, Supra at p.

Baetz to investigate residence 2005 (Bryan’s 84-85
Bobby. interview)
Investigator
for Trial
Counsel
Ross Colby Audio MCSD Dispatch November 3 or Supra at p.

enhancement call 4, 2005 79
Audio impeaches Sgt.
Enhanceme Colborn.
nt Expert
Dr. Larry Bobby lied Aurora Medical November 9, Supra at p.

Blum, M.D. about origin of Center 2005 86-87
his back
Forensic scratches.
Pathologist
Brady Violations: Rahmlow, Radandt, Dassey-Janda CD
Kevin Brady Turnabout at the July 15, 2017 Supra at p.

Rahmlow violation re: East Twin River 41-43
RAV-4 being Bridge on
Eyewitness planted Highway 147
Joshua Impeachment Avery salvage November 5, Supra at

Radandt re: RAV-4 yard 2005 p. 45-46
planted.
Witness
Denise Heitl Establishes Ms. Halbach’s October 31, Supra at

direct location 2005 p. 48-49
Witness connection of unknown at
Ryan Hillegas time of phone
to crime scene call
102
Gary Hunt Brady unique Dassey-Janda April 17, 2018 Supra at p.

Velie word residence 56-59
Senior searches
Forensic withheld from
Examiner trial defense
counsel
Dr. Ann Link between Dassey-Janda April 17, 2018 Supra at p.

Burgess, violent residence 60
PhD pornography
and crime.
Jerome Brady Dassey-Janda Pre-trial Supra at p.

Buting violation re: residence 52-53
Dassey-Janda
computer.
Dean Strang Brady Dassey-Janda Pre-trial Supra at p.

violation re: residence 53-54
Dassey-Janda
computer.
The circuit court erred in weighing the scientific evidence rather than granting an
evidentiary hearing
The circuit court concluded that the “defendant’s experts. . . could not reach
definitive conclusions regarding items of evidence without further testing.”
(640:4) (App. 180). The circuit court specifically attempted to weigh the evidence
about the DNA experiments performed by Mr. Avery’s DNA expert on a RAV-4
hood latch. (628:3) (App. 173). The circuit court misinterpreted the statistical
significance of Dr. Reich’s findings and erroneously concluded that the DNA on
the hood latch was deposited by sweat from Mr. Avery’s hand, when Dr. Reich
had stated there is no DNA in sweat. (628:3–4) (App. 173–74). The circuit court
103
misinterpreted Dr. Reich’s affidavit to state that there “is no forensic test available
that can conclusively determine whether DNA was left by sweat.” (628:3) (App.
173). Of course there is no test available because there is no DNA in sweat.
(630:1–4) (App. 544–47). In order to assist the court, Dr. Reich prepared another
affidavit in which he explained the misperceptions of the circuit court. Dr. Reich
stated that he had sufficient independent tests to support his conclusions. (630:2–
3) (App. 545–46)
The circuit court also tried to weigh the evidence about the sub-key as a
result of the experiments performed on it. (628:4) (App. 174). The circuit court
ignored the experiment performed by Dr. Reich of Mr. Avery holding an exemplar
key and depositing 10 times less DNA than the amount detected by the WSCL.
(604:110) (App. 529). The circuit court chose to focus only on the allegation that
the key was a sub-key. (628:4) (App. 174).
Finally, and most significantly, the circuit court completely misread Dr.
Palenik’s affidavit about the lack of bone particles and presence of wood on #FL.
(628:5) (App. 175). The circuit court claimed that Dr. Palenik’s report “is not that
clear cut.” (628:5) (App. 175). The circuit court claimed that Dr. Palenik did not
“discover all particles present on the bullet’s surface.” The circuit court failed to
comprehend Dr. Palenik’s statement that only “[i]f indications of bone were
detected by these methods, further analytical approaches could be applied to more
specifically confirm its presence.” (603:159). Dr. Palenik responded to this
104
erroneous interpretation by stating that the court was incorrect that the entire bullet
surface had not been examined for the presence of bone. (630:5–6) (App. 428–29)
The circuit court also erroneously concluded that Dr. Palenik’s report
“indicates that the tests performed cannot determine what the red substance on the
bullet is” and that further testing would be needed. Dr. Palenik clearly stated in
his affidavit:
Regardless of its identity, the texture of the bullet in the area where the droplets
are observed strongly suggests that the droplet was deposited after the bullet was
fired and came to rest. This material could be identified if subjected to further
analysis.
(603:160) (emphasis added).
Clearly, if the droplets were deposited after the bullet came to rest, it is
immaterial what the substance is.
Dr. Palenik disputes the circuit court’s conclusion, and states:
This court also misconstrued my statements in ¶ 15(e) regarding my observation

of two red droplets on the surface of item FL. I proffered the opinion that the
color, texture, and shape of the red droplet deposits suggest that the material may
be paint and that it could be tested to identify it. There has never been an issue in
the underlying case that the red droplets were blood because, at trial, the forensic
analyst Sherry Culhane testified that she had not done a presumptive test for
blood nor had she observed any stains on the bullet fragment. She also testified
that she had washed the bullet fragment in a solution. The following observations
all suggest that the material on the bullet is composed of paint:
A. The properties of the droplets that were observed;
B. the fact that bone was not detected on the bullet;
C. the fact that the bullet had been previously extracted specifically for DNA;
D. the fact that no indications of blood were previously noted during prior
examinations;
E. the presence of additional bullet holes in the garage where this bullet was
found; and
105
F. evidence that red paint was used to paint the garage, as well as objects in the
garage, which would suggest a source for the bullet.
(630:6–7) (App. 429–30)
Dr. Palenik also states:
Though this material could be identified by sampling and analyzing the droplets
(analyses that were expressly prohibited and outside the scope of my analysis of
the bullet), the identity of the material was not pursued further due to the above-
listed facts of the case, which together with the lack of any prior indication of
blood on the bullet, suggest that these droplets on the bullet are composed of
paint.
(630:7) (App. 430)
The circuit court ignored Dr. Palenik’s findings that numerous fibers were
found on the bullet’s surface, some embedded in wax and other embedded on the
bullet’s surface. (603:160).
There is no question that the State’s theory as to the cause of death was
gunshots to Ms. Halbach’s skull. (703:62–63). The absence of bone particles on
#FL completely refutes that it passed into Ms. Halbach’s skull as the State’s
expert, Dr. Jentzen, opined. (703:62–63; 716:98).
The circuit court completely misread Dr. Palenik’s affidavit as requiring
further testing. No such testing is necessary because Dr. Palenik has established
that the State’s contention that #FL caused Ms. Halbach’s death is false.
The circuit court also erroneously concluded that State v. Allen, 2004 WI
106, ¶ 24, was inapplicable because the “reports are speculative” and lack
“conclusions.” (640:4) (App. 180). The circuit court failed to acknowledge its
errors in interpreting the expert reports and determined that the reports, contrary to
106
the experts’ own opinions, were “interim” and therefore speculative. (640:4–5)
(App. 180–81).
VI. The circuit court erred as a matter of law in applying the wrong
standard to the newly discovered evidence.
In its October 3, 2017 ruling, the circuit court stated:
The defendant attached numerous reports to his latest motion, arguing that the
forensic tests conducted in the reports were not available at the time of the
defendant’s trial in 2005. However, the defendant’s arguments ignore an
important question—were the tests available at the time of the defendant’s
previous motion pursuant to Wis. Stats § 974.06 or any of the other appeals or
motions filed after trial?
(628:2) (App. 172).
The circuit court ruling that in order for evidence to be “new,” the testing
methods used to obtain it must not have been available at the time of Mr. Avery’s
prior appeals and/or postconviction motions is manifestly erroneous. That is not
the standard. When moving for a new trial based on an allegation of newly
discovered evidence, a defendant must prove: (1) the evidence was discovered
after conviction; (2) the defendant was not negligent in seeking the evidence; (3)
the evidence is material to an issue in the case; and (4) the evidence is not merely
cumulative. State v. McCallum, 208 Wis. 2d 463, 473, 561 N.W.2d 707 (1997). If
the defendant is able to prove all 4 of these criteria, then it must be determined
whether a reasonable probability exists that had the jury heard the newly
discovered evidence, it would have had a reasonable doubt as to the defendant's
guilt. State v. Love, 2005 WI 116, ¶ 44, 284 Wis.2d 111, 700 N.W.2d 62.
107
If the defendant was not negligent in failing to ferret out the evidence on
which he relies, then a prior motion brought pursuant to Wis. Stats. § 974.06(4)
does not procedurally bar the claim. State v. Edmunds, 2008 WI App 33, ¶¶ 10–
15, 308 Wis. 2d 374, 746 N.W.2d 590 (defendant’s prior postconviction motion
did not bar a successive postconviction motion based on newly discovered medical
evidence calling into question State’s evidence related to “shaken baby
syndrome”).
In State v. Brian Avery, 2013 WI 13, 345 Wis.2d 407, 826 N.W.2d 60, the
defendant filed a motion under Wis. Stats. § 974.06 over 12 years after his
conviction and argued that during that time, new technology had allowed him to
develop new evidence of his innocence. The circuit court denied the motion, but
the court of appeals reversed the postconviction order and remanded the matter for
an evidentiary hearing, concluding that the defendant had made a prima facie
claim of newly discovered evidence. Id. at¶ 13. The appellate court applied the
test discussed above from Edmunds, and determined that the defendant met all 4
prongs of the test. Id. at ¶¶ 27, 33. As to the first prong, the defendant was not
required to establish when the new technology was available; the defendant
satisfied his burden by simply showing that the technology was not available at the
time of his trial. Id. at ¶ 31. Similarly, Mr. Avery in the case at bar has satisfied
his burden by setting forth in his motion that the new technology was not available
at the time of trial. The new technology is as follows:
108
1) Dr. Palenik examined #FL using state-of-the-art technology, not available
at the time of Mr. Avery’s trial in 2007. (621:37) (603:154) (App. 406). Dr.
Palenik’s examination of #FL and his findings have produced new evidence
that is totally inconsistent with the State’s theory that Ms. Halbach was shot
in the head while lying on Mr. Avery’s garage floor.
2) Dr. Palenik, using a 2016 microscope to analyze the hood latch swab and
conducting a series of experiments, has offered the opinion that the swab
was not used to swab the RAV-4 hood latch. (621:35).
3) John DeHaan, Ph.D. (“Dr. DeHaan”), a forensic fire expert, has conducted
more experiments on human cadavers than any other fire forensic expert in
the world since 2012. (615:90). Dr. DeHaan’s experiments refute the
State’s theory that Ms. Halbach was burned in Mr. Avery’s burn pit.
(615:99–151) (App. 447–99).
4) Dr. Reich was able, through the use of new source testing (RSID testing), to
eliminate the following rich sources of DNA from the hood latch swab:
blood, semen, and saliva. (604:103–05) (App. 523–24). The circuit court
never addressed the undisputed fact that Mr. Avery has demonstrated
through Dr. Reich’s experiments and source testing that the DNA on the
hood latch was planted. There is no innocent explanation for the large
quantity of DNA on the hoodlatch if blood, saliva, and semen are ruled out.
The only plausible explanation is that the large quantity of DNA came from
109
the illegally-seized groin swabs, which Dr. Reich said would provide a
comparable quantity of DNA as that found on the hood latch. (604:111-12).
Ultimately, the question is whether there is a reasonable probability that the
jury, after hearing the new evidence, would have reasonable doubt of the movant’s
guilt. E.g., Edmunds, 2008 WI App 33, at ¶ 18. The question has been answered
about the State’s theory that #FL caused Ms. Halbach’s death. It did not.
Therefore, Ms. Halbach’s DNA was planted on #FL. Also, Ms. Halbach’s body
was not burned in Mr. Avery’s burn pit. This question is not answered by simply
weighing the evidence because a jury can find reasonable doubt even if the State’s
evidence is stronger. Id. (citing McCallum, 208 Wis. 2d 463). This same
principle is applicable to the prejudice prong of Strickland and the determination
of whether the State committed a Brady violation. E.g., Mosley v. Atchison, 689
F.3d 838, 850 (7th Cir. 2012) (citing Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 405–06
(2000)) (holding that the application of a preponderance of the evidence standard
to analyzing prejudice under Strickland is improper); Beaman v. Freesmeyer, 776
F.3d 500 (7th Cir. 2015) (holding that the reasonable probability standard for
materiality of suppressed evidence is less rigorous than a preponderance of
evidence standard).
VII. Mr. Avery raised sufficient reason as to why these issues could not
have been raised in prior motions pursuant to Wis. Stats. § 974.06
In its October 3, 2017 order, the circuit court found that Mr. Avery failed to
overcome the procedural bar to having his motion heard. (628:1–6) (App. 171–
110
76). In so ruling, the circuit court held, “There is no argument or showing of a
sufficient reason as to why these issues could not have been raised in prior
motions. Without such sufficient reason, these arguments are precluded from any
subsequent motion. State v. Escalona-Naranjo, 185 Wis.2d 168, 517 N.W.2d 157
(1994).” (628:3) (App. 173).
Whether Mr. Avery’s claims are procedurally barred depends upon the
proper interpretation of Wis. Stat. § 974.06, which is a question of law that this
Court must review de novo. State v. Lo, 2003 WI 107, ¶ 14, 264 Wis.2d 1, 665
N.W.2d 756; Escalona-Naranjo, 185 Wis.2d at 175–76.
B. Mr. Avery has demonstrated a sufficient reason for failing to

raise the current claims earlier
The Wisconsin Supreme Court has articulated 2 requirements for bringing a
successive ineffective assistance of counsel claim in compliance with § 974.06.
State v. Romero-Georgana, 2014 WI 83, ¶ 48, 360 Wis. 2d 522, 849 N.W.2d 668;
Escalona-Naranjo, 185 Wis.2d at 181. First, the defendant must show a sufficient
reason for failing to raise the current claims earlier. Romero-Georgana, 2014 WI
83, at ¶ 48; Escalona-Naranjo, 185 Wis.2d at 181–82. Second, the defendant must
demonstrate that the claims made now are clearly stronger than previous claims.
Romero-Georgana, 2014 WI ¶ 46.
The circuit court overlooked current postconviction counsel’s argument in
Mr. Avery’s motion for postconviction relief, filed on June 7, 2017, that the
111
ineffectiveness of prior postconviction counsel is a sufficient reason in and of
itself. Prior postconviction counsel failed to hire experts, conduct a significant
investigation, or review discovery in order to impeach Bobby with Bryan’s
statements. (603:203, at ¶ 424; 631:22–25).
Shortly after the Wisconsin Supreme Court decided Escalona, the Court of
Appeals held that ineffective assistance of postconviction counsel may constitute a
sufficient reason for not raising issues in a previous postconviction motion.
Rothering, 205 Wis.2d 675; State v. Aaron Allen, 2010 WI 89, ¶ 85. The
Wisconsin Supreme Court has gone so far as to note that, following Rothering,
ineffective assistance of counsel claims are not barred by Escalona-Naranjo. See
Love, 2005 WI 116, at ¶ 31, n.11 (“The court of appeals has concluded that an
ineffective assistance of counsel claim is not barred by State v. Escalona-Naranjo .
. . .”) (citation omitted).
In Balliette, the Wisconsin Supreme Court again reaffirmed the principle
set forth in Rothering: ineffective assistance of postconviction counsel may be a
sufficient reason why claims were not raised before. Balliette, 2011 WI 79, at ¶
62. In its analysis, the Balliette court accepted the defendant’s sufficient reason
(i.e., postconviction counsel was ineffective) and analyzed the merits of his
ineffective assistance of counsel claims. Id. at ¶¶ 62–78. Thus, when a defendant
alleges ineffective assistance of postconviction counsel as a sufficient reason
under Escalona and § 974.06(4), the court should accept the proffered reason as
112
sufficient and analyze the merits of whether postconviction counsel’s performance
was, in fact, constitutionally deficient.
Here, the circuit court erred when it neglected to analyze Mr. Avery’s claim
of ineffective assistance of prior postconviction counsel on the merits. Because
Mr. Avery alleged ineffective assistance of prior postconviction counsel as a
sufficient reason, the circuit court should have weighed Mr. Avery’s claims to
determine if prior postconviction counsel rendered ineffective assistance. The
circuit court could only find Mr. Avery was procedurally barred from raising the
instant claims if prior postconviction counsel was not ineffective. Because the
trial court neglected to weigh the merits of Mr. Avery’s sufficient reason, Mr.
Avery is entitled to relief.
C. Mr. Avery’s pro se motion
Whether Mr. Avery’s claims are procedurally barred depends upon the
proper interpretation of Wis. Stat. § 974.06, which is a question of law that this
Court must review de novo. Lo, 2003 WI 107, at ¶ 14; Escalona–Naranjo, 185
Wis.2d at 175–76.
The circuit court failed to acknowledge the sufficient reasons raised in Mr.
Avery’s pleadings
Mr. Avery claimed in his pro se petition that: the trial judge was biased
(533:4–5) (App. 154–55); the preliminary hearing judge should have recused
himself from trial (533:5–6) (App. 155–56); the search warrants were defective
because lacked seal or signature (cited wrong statute) (533:6–7) (App. 156–57);
113
trial counsel was ineffective regarding chain of custody for the RAV-4 (533:7)
(App. 157) and for stipulating that he was a convicted felon (533:8–9) (App. 158–
59) and for not having a qualified scientific expert (533:9–10) (App. 159–60); the
trial court was incompetent to hear an appointed special prosecutor (533:10) (App.
160).
In its October 3, 2017 ruling, the trial court reasoned that Mr. Avery’s
“prior pro se motion filed under [§ 974.06] . . . recognize[s] significant legal issues
which the court has previously ruled on.” (628:3) (App. 173). This reasoning led
the court to conclude that the claims raised in Mr. Avery’s recent § 974.06 motion
were barred because Mr. Avery could have raised them earlier. (628:3) (App.
173). The circuit court failed to acknowledge the sufficient reasons raised in the
pleadings of current postconviction counsel, but unambiguously ruled that all
claims Mr. Avery raised is his pro se motion lacked merit in its order dismissing
the motion. (533; 603:217–19, at ¶¶ 487–92; 631:25–30) (App. 151–66).
The circuit court found that in Mr. Avery’s pro se motion, “most” of the
authority cited by Mr. Avery “[had] little or nothing to do with the position he
[sought] to advance.” (533:3) (App. 153). Further, the circuit court noted that Mr.
Avery “provide[d] no factual information of any evidentiary value” that supported
his claims. (533:3) (App. 153). The circuit court went on to conclude that every
claim raised by Mr. Avery was “unsubstantiated,” “empty and without substance,”
“completely meritless,” “border[ing] on frivolous,” “wildly speculative,” and
“contrary to Wisconsin’s long standing law and procedures.” (533:4–6, 13) (App.
114
154–56, 163). Mr. Avery made “extensive use of federal case law, citing and
quoting from a number of federal courts of appeals and U.S. Supreme Court
cases,” most of which were nongermane to the claims he sought to advance.
(533:3) (App. 153). Ultimately, the circuit court found that the allegations made
by Mr. Avery did not warrant relief. (533:16) (App. 166).
Contrary to the circuit court’s October 3, 2017 opinion, current
postconviction counsel’s motion alleged sufficient reasons why the current claims
were not raised in the pro se motion. (603:217–19). In his second motion for
postconviction relief, Mr. Avery submitted his lack of knowledge of factual and
legal bases, cognitive deficiency, indigence, and incarceration, collectively, as a
sufficient reason for not raising the claims in his pro se motions. (603:217–18).
“A defendant’s unawareness of the factual and/or legal basis for his claims may
constitute a sufficient reason for his failure to raise those claims.” (603:217). See,
Aaron Allen, 2010 WI 89, at ¶¶ 44, 81 (noting a defendant’s unawareness of the
legal basis of his claim may constitute a sufficient reason in satisfaction of §
974.06); State v. Howard, 211 Wis. 2d 269, 287–88, 564 N.W.2d 753 (1997);
State ex rel. Kyles v. Pollard, 2014 WI 38, ¶ 57, 354 Wis. 2d 626, 649, 847
N.W.2d 805. The circuit court did not analyze whether these collective
circumstances constituted a sufficient reason. In Allen, the Wisconsin Supreme
Court, noting the procedural hurdles imposed by Escalona-Naranjo, stated that a
“defendant could raise an issue ‘which for sufficient reason’ was not raised or was
inadequately raised in a prior motion.” Allen, 2010 WI 89, at ¶ 26 (quoting
115
Escalona-Naranjo, 185 Wis.2d at 184). The Wisconsin Supreme Court then went
on to entertain Allen’s argument that he had sufficient reason for raising his
current claims because he was unaware of his claims at the time. Allen, 2010 WI
89, at ¶¶ 43–52.
Mr. Avery wrote to dozens of attorneys—all of whom rejected his requests
for representation—following the denial of his direct appeal. Mr. Avery also
wrote to laboratories that would not respond unless he had an attorney. (604:28–
29) (App. 518–19).
Mr. Avery, who is learning disabled, simply lacks the legal acumen and
financial resources necessary to advance an even arguably meritorious claim in a
postconviction motion, let alone the claims raised based on countless hours of
investigation and consultation with experts. (603:218). As a result, Mr. Avery has
sufficient reason for not including his current claim based on trial counsel’s failure
to hire experts and to investigate and present evidence about the alternative
suspect in his original postconviction motion.
VIII. The circuit court abused its discretion in denying Mr. Avery’s
motion to reconsider and his three supplements to said motion, which
included new evidence developed after his original filing on June 7,
2017.
This Court reviews the circuit court’s ruling on a motion for
reconsideration under the erroneous exercise of discretion standard. Koepsell’s
Olde Popcorn Wagons, Inc. v. Koepsell’s Festival Popcorn Wagons, Ltd., 275
116
Wis.2d 397, 403–04, 685 N.W.2d 853 (Ct. App. 2004). An appellate court
reviews “the [circuit] court’s factual findings regarding what occurred under the
clearly erroneous standard but will independently consider whether those facts
fulfill the legal standard.” Id. at 403.
B. Mr. Avery’s motion for reconsideration and its supplements

presented new evidence not ruled upon in the court’s October
3, 2017 order
On October 23, 2017, Mr. Avery filed a motion for reconsideration based
on manifest errors of law and the development of new evidence. (631:1–54). Mr.
Avery subsequently supplemented and amended the motion to reflect the
discovery of additional evidence. On November 28, 2017, the circuit court
entered an order denying Mr. Avery’s motions to reconsider. (640:1–5).
Mr. Avery’s motions for reconsideration were properly filed. Wis. Stats. §
805.17(3) permits a party, in an action tried to the court, to move for
reconsideration of the court’s findings, conclusions of law, and judgment upon
motion of a party made not later than 20 days after entry of judgment. Although
Wis. Stat. § 805.17 is a rule governing civil actions, rules of practice in civil
actions apply in all criminal proceedings “unless the context of a rule manifestly
requires a different conclusion.” State v. Hayes, 2004 WI 80, ¶ 20, 273 Wis.2d 1,
681 N.W.2d 203 (citing Wis. Stat. § 972.11).
Wis. Stat. § 974.06 vests a circuit court with the authority to entertain a
motion alleging that a prisoner’s sentence has been imposed in violation of the
constitution, grant a hearing, determine the issues, and make findings of fact and
117
conclusions of law. Wis. Stat. §§ 974.06(1), 974.06(3)(c) and (d). Moreover,
proceedings under Wis. Stats. § 974.06 “shall be considered civil in nature.” Wis.
Stat. § 974.06(6). Therefore, the civil rule allowing a party to file a motion to
reconsider a court’s judgment applies to the circuit court’s denial of a motion for
postconviction relief pursuant to Wis. Stat. § 974.06.
Furthermore, the common law vests a court with the inherent authority to
correct an error by reconsideration. Fritsche v. Ford Motor Credit Co., 171
Wis.2d 280, 294, 491 N.W.2d 119 (Ct. App. 1992) (“[M]otions for reconsideration
are common in Wisconsin’s trial courts and have become part of our common
law.”). See also, State v. Brockett, 2002 WI App 115, ¶¶ 11–16, 254 Wis.2d 817
(holding that the trial court properly ruled on State’s motion to reconsider trial
court’s order granting postconviction relief). Thus, even if the circuit court did not
have the authority to rule on Mr. Avery’s motion to reconsider pursuant to Wis.
Stats. § 805.17(3), it did have the discretion to consider his motion under the
common law.
An order denying a motion for reconsideration is not appealable unless the
motion raised issues that were not resolved by the order sought to be reconsidered.
State v. Edwards, 2003 WI 68, ¶ 8, 262 Wis.2d 448, 665 N.W.2d 136. “In other
words, an ‘order is not appealable where . . . the only issues raised by the motion
were disposed of by the original judgment or order.’” Id. (quoting Ver Hagen v.
Gibbons, 55 Wis.2d 21, 25, 197 N.W.2d 752 (1972)). The “new issues” test for
118
determining whether an order denying reconsideration is appealable is to be
applied liberally. Id. at ¶ 12.
Here, Mr. Avery’s motion for reconsideration raised “new issues” that were
not disposed of by the circuit court in its original order denying him relief. “To
prevail on a motion for reconsideration, the movant must present either newly
discovered evidence or establish a manifest error of law or fact.” Koepsell’s, 275
Wis. 2d at 416 (citation omitted).
New evidence presented in the Motion for Reconsideration and its supplements
Mr. Avery’s Motion for Reconsideration and its supplements raised the
following new evidence:
1. Affidavits from trial defense counsel admitting ineffectiveness in hiring
blood and ballistics experts. (Supra at p. 68-73)
2. Affidavit from trial defense counsel’s investigator, Mr. Baetz, that they
were ineffective in impeaching Bobby with the testimony of Bryan that he
had told the police Bobby witnessed Ms. Halbach leaving the Avery
property on October 31, 2005, contrary to Bobby’s trial testimony. (Supra
at p. 84-85).
3. Brady violations, including the following:
a. Mr. Rahmlow’s affidavit that he saw the RAV-4 away from the
Avery property on November 3 and reported it to Sgt. Colborn, who
never disclosed a report to trial defense counsel. (Supra at p. 41-43).
119
b. Heitl (Coakley) report, which was not turned over to trial defense
counsel. (Supra at p. 48-49).
c. Experiment conducted demonstrating that Bobby was at the same
location as Halbach when she received her last call at 2:41 p.m.
(631:43–46).
4. New forensic examination by Mr. Hunt (Supra at p. 56-59) of the 7 DVDs
from the Dassey-Janda computer:
a. Reveals images of Ms. Halbach and Mr. Avery.
b. Reveals violent pornographic images on Dassey-Janda computer.
c. Mr. Hunt determined that the internet was accessed on October 31,
2005, when only Bobby was home at 6:05 a.m., 6:28 a.m., 6:31 a.m.,
7:00 a.m., 9:33 a.m., 10:09 a.m., 1:08 p.m., and 1:51 p.m. This
impeaches Bobby’s trial testimony that he was asleep from 6:30 a.m.
to 2:30 p.m.
d. New computer forensic examination reveals deletions on the
Dassey-Janda computer.
e. Brad Dassey’s affidavit that Barb hired someone to reformat the
Dassey-Janda computer shortly before it was seized by authorities.
She wanted to know if reformatting “would remove what was on the
computer.” (633:36–37).
120
5. New recorded telephone conversation on October 24, 2017, between Mr.
Avery and Barb and Scott Tadych, in which they admit that they knew Ms.
Halbach left the Avery property on 10/30/17. (632:3-5)
6. Barb’s Facebook statement on October 30, 2017, that Bobby had admitted
to her that he did not see Ms. Halbach walking towards Steven’s trailer, as
he testified to at trial. (632:5-6).
7. Blaine has provided an affidavit to current postconviction counsel,
admitting that he lied at trial about the fire in Mr. Avery’s burn barrel.
(737:165) (App. 1093).
None of these issues were addressed by the circuit court in its original order
to dismiss Mr. Avery’s motion. Nor could they, given that all of them were based
on the discovery of new evidence that was either withheld from Mr. Avery or,
through no fault of his own, was not in Mr. Avery’s possession at the time he filed
his prior postconviction motions.
IX. The circuit court abused its discretion in ignoring the subsequent
briefs submitted by the parties incident to the motion to supplement.
On June 7, 2018, the Appellate Court ordered that “this appeal is remanded
forthwith to the circuit court to permit Steven A. Avery to pursue a supplemental
postconviction motion in connection with Avery’s receipt of previously withheld
discovery or other new information.” (729:3) (emphasis added). The circuit
court ignored this Court’s specific order to allow the inclusion of new information
in the Motion to Supplement. On September 6, 2018, the circuit court ruled:
121
No where in the very specific orders of the Court of Appeals did the court allow
for a reply brief by the state or a response by the defendant. Because the Court of
Appeals was so detailed in its instructions, the court did not consider the
subsequent briefs submitted by the parties after the defendant’s court ordered
filing. This court followed the order of the Court of Appeals and only considered
the initial brief of the defendant.
(761:2).
Mr. Avery filed a Motion to Compel for production of the examination of
the Dassey-Janda computer that was was performed over an 8-month time period
in 2017–18. (735:1–37). The circuit court never ruled on Mr. Avery’s Motion to
Compel. Current postconviction counsel obtained an affidavit from Barb on
August 2, 2018, wherein she described Investigator Dedering telling her, “[Y]ou
should not give the computer to Kathleen Zellner.” (747:81) (App. 1106). The
circuit court never ruled on current postconviction counsel’s motion to compel, or
whether the computer would be tendered to current postconviction counsel. Barb
voluntarily turned the computer over to current postconviction counsel, and, after
a careful forensic examination of the computer data, Mr. Hunt concluded that there
were “massive image deletions that would render any new forensic examination
meaningless.” (760:1). Current postconviction counsel’s computer forensic expert
was unable to determine when the massive deletions occurred, leaving open the
possibility that law enforcement was responsible for the deletions. Because the
circuit court denied a hearing, the issue of the deletions remains unresolved.
122
X. The circuit court erred in denying Mr. Avery’s supplemental motion

for postconviction relief pursuant to Wis. Stat. § 974.06 Concerning the
Discovery of Human Bones in the Manitowoc County Gravel Pit Before
Trial.
It is well settled that this Court reviews the denial of a Wis. Stat. § 974.06
motion using a mixed standard of review:
First, we determine whether the motion on its face alleges sufficient material
facts that, if true, would entitle the defendant to relief. This is a question of law
that we review de novo. If the motion raises such facts, the circuit court must
hold an evidentiary hearing. . . . We review a circuit court’s discretionary
decisions under the deferential erroneous exercise of discretion standard.
State v. Allen, 2004 WI 106, ¶ 9 (citations omitted).
On February 25, 2019, the Appellate Court granted postconviction
counsel’s motion to supplement the record on appeal with an undisclosed police
report and allowed current postconviction counsel to file a supplemental
postconviction motion. The Appellate Court further remanded the appeal to the
circuit court to “conduct any proceedings necessary to address the claims raised in
the supplemental postconviction motion, and [to] enter an order containing its
findings and conclusions.” (780:1-4). On August 9, 2019, the circuit court entered
an order (806:1-13), without conducting any further proceedings, denying Mr.
Avery’s supplemental § 974.06 motion.
Mr. Avery’s motion alleged claims for relief in connection with the State’s
violation of Wis. Stat. § 968.205, the evidence preservation statute, and the
violation of his due process right to the preservation of evidence as protected by
Youngblood v. Arizona. (775:1-32). First, Mr. Avery’s § 974.06 motion, alleged
sufficient material facts that, if true, would entitle Mr. Avery to relief. This court
123
reviews Mr. Avery’s claim of error de novo. Allen, 2004 WI 106, ¶ 9. Mr. Avery
is entitled to an evidentiary hearing on both his Wis. Stat. § 968.205 and
constitutional rights claims because evidence establishing that human remains
were recovered from a location other than Mr. Avery’s property refutes the State’s
theory that all of the human remains were recovered from a location under Mr.
Avery’s exclusive control. Indeed, if Ms. Halbach’s remains were actually in the
Gravel Pit, then the defense would have been able to substantiate—and not just
speculate—about an alternative theory that someone other than Mr. Avery
murdered Ms. Halbach and moved her bones to Mr. Avery’s burn pit to frame
him. In order to successfully convict Mr. Avery, the State presented a false
forensic story to the jury, which claimed that the bones in the Gravel Pit were “not
evidence” because they were not human and, therefore, could not have been Ms.
Halbach’s.
The issue on remand to the circuit court was whether the State violated
Youngblood v. Arizona and Wis. Stat. § 968.205 when it returned the human bones
to the Halbach family in 2011, without giving notice to Mr. Avery or his counsel.
Mr. Avery’s supplemental § 974.06 motion alleged material facts sufficient to
establish a violation of the Wisconsin evidence preservation statute, Wis. Stat. §
968.205, and Youngblood.
Because § 968.205 does not provide a remedy for convicted persons in the
event of a violation, fashioning a remedy is left to the courts—an action Wisconsin
courts have yet to take. Mr. Avery’s supplemental § 968.205 motion contained
124
sufficient material facts for the circuit court to fashion a remedy for such evidence
preservation violations, controlled by United States Supreme Court precedent
addressing evidence preservation violations. See, e.g., California v. Trombetta,
467 U.S. 479, 488–89 (1984) and Youngblood v. Arizona, 488 U.S. 51, 56–58
(1988). Taken together, Trombetta and Youngblood comprise the line of
constitutional jurisprudence that outlines the extent of the State’s duty to preserve
evidence. Youngblood, 488 U.S. at 56–58; Trombetta, 467 U.S. at 488–90. While
the Trombetta test focuses on the probative value of the destroyed evidence and
whether the evidence possessed exculpatory value that was apparent before its
destruction (467 U.S. at 488–89), the Youngblood test examines the government’s
role in the circumstances that led to the destruction of the evidence. 488 U.S. at
56–58. If a criminal defendant can satisfy either test, then a court will rule the
destruction of evidence was a violation of due process and reverse the defendant’s
conviction. Youngblood, 488 U.S. at 54; Trombetta, 467 U.S. at 484.
The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution imposes a duty on the State to preserve exculpatory evidence. State
v. Greenwold, 181 Wis. 2d 881, 885 (Ct. App. 1994) (Greenwold I). The State’s
failure to preserve evidence violates a defendant’s due process rights if police: (1)
failed to preserve evidence that is apparently exculpatory; or (2) acted in bad faith
by failing to preserve evidence that is potentially exculpatory. State v. Greenwold,
189 Wis. 2d 59, 67 (Ct. App. 1994) (Greenwold II).
125
The circuit court mistakenly found that the evidence destroyed by the State
through the CCSD and Prosecutors Gahn and Fallon was not material because it
was not human. The circuit court’s finding reveals that failure of the court to
acknowledge and understand the Eisenberg reports provided to the court by Mr.
Avery.
(a) Materiality
The applicability of either Trombetta or Youngblood depends upon the
materiality of the evidence that was lost or destroyed. A hurdle to applying these
tests is the difficulty of definitively knowing the material value of evidence that no
longer exists. However, in the context of addressing the materiality of evidence
lost or destroyed in violation of Wis. Stat. § 968.205, the Wisconsin legislature has
already resolved that problem. Especially when considered together with §
974.07, the DNA evidence preservation statute demonstrates the Wisconsin
legislature’s recognition of the importance of postconviction DNA testing. These
statutes taken together provide for the preservation of biological evidence and, in
many instances, subsequent DNA analysis. The codified right to DNA
preservation and testing shows the legislative intent to ensure that DNA testing of
biological evidence plays “a significant role in the suspect's defense,” and efforts
to obtain postconviction relief. Trombetta, 467 U.S. at 488–89.
Therefore, the Wisconsin legislature, through the DNA preservation statute,
has placed preserved biological evidence in the class of evidence the United States
Supreme Court deemed material as defined in Trombetta and Youngblood.
126
(b) Potentially exculpatory evidence preserved under Wis. Stat. §

968.205
Second, following from this presumption of materiality, the DNA evidence
preservation statutes further presume that, in every case, biological evidence
collected in the course of a criminal investigation is at least “potentially
exculpatory” as defined in Greenwold II.
In the context of DNA evidence, “apparently exculpatory” evidence
includes instances where results from testing—or retesting—of biological
evidence that excluded the petitioner would exonerate him or her of the crime of
conviction. See Nat'l Comm'n on the Future of DNA Evidence, U.S. Dep't of
Justice, Postconviction DNA Testing: Recommendations for Handling Requests 4
(1999).
Similarly, “potentially exculpatory” DNA evidence refers to evidence in
cases where “if . . . subjected to DNA testing or retesting, exclusionary results
would support the petitioner's claim of innocence.” Id. at 5. In line with the
Supreme Court's reasoning in Youngblood, this category includes evidence that
was “simply an avenue of investigation that might have led in any number of
directions,” and evidence about which “no more can be said than that it could have
been subjected to tests, the results of which might have exonerated the defendant.”
488 U.S. at 57.
These categorical requirements for “potentially exculpatory” evidence
necessarily apply to biological evidence covered by the DNA evidence
127
preservation statute, because preserved evidence test results allow “reasonable
persons [to] disagree as to whether the results [of DNA testing] rule out the
possibility of guilt or raise a reasonable doubt of guilt.” Youngblood, 488 U.S. at
57. Therefore, evidence covered under the biological evidence preservation statute
must be deemed at least “potentially exculpatory” and the loss or destruction of
such evidence triggers, at minimum, the Youngblood due process analysis.
Youngblood, 488 U.S. at 58; Greenwold II, 189 Wis. 2d at 67–68.
(c) The DNA evidence preservation statute presumes that every

violation constitutes “bad faith."
The Youngblood Court reasoned that law enforcement actions suggesting
“bad faith” arise when the “police themselves by their conduct indicate that the
evidence could form a basis for exonerating the defendant.” 488 U.S. at 58. This
consideration, in turn, hinges “on the police's knowledge of the exculpatory value
of the evidence at the time it was lost or destroyed.” Id. at 57. In these cases,
“bad faith” exists when the conduct of the police is outside the scope of normal
practice. Id. at 56–58.
The Youngblood Court’s definition of “bad faith” takes for granted that
there are times when the police will not know whether evidence was material
before its loss or destruction. The DNA preservation statute eliminates this
assumption by creating an affirmative duty to preserve all biological evidence
taken from the crime scene. Therefore, law enforcement agencies are on notice
that biological evidence is deemed important to the successful administration of
128
criminal justice and may not claim ignorance that the destroyed evidence was at
least “potentially exculpatory.” Id. 56–58.
Wis. Stat. § 968.205 imposes certain duties upon law enforcement agencies.
See § 968.205(2). At the most basic level, the State bears a duty to preserve all
biological evidence collected during the course of an investigation that leads to a
conviction. Additionally, the statute sets forth the steps the State must take before
lawfully destroying such evidence in its possession. § 968.205(3)(a), (3)(b), (4).
Because a violation of the DNA preservation statute means the State did not abide
by either the requirements for preservation or the proper destruction of the
evidence as required by law, such conduct constitutes “bad faith.”
Youngblood’s “potentially exculpatory” combined with “bad faith” requirement

is met
Under the Youngblood test, courts would examine whether the evidence
was “potentially exculpatory,” and, if so, whether the police acted in “bad faith”
when they destroyed the evidence. Id. In light of the presumptions created by the
DNA evidence preservation statute, the trial Stipulation, the pre-trial FBI
examination, and the April 4, 2007 order, mandates that the evidence be
considered “potentially exculpatory.”
As set forth above, the presence of “bad faith” should be presumed every
time the Wis. Stat § 968.205 DNA evidence preservation statute is violated. Here,
the failure to give notice to Mr. Avery and his attorneys violated the statute and
constituted “bad faith,” as did returning the Gravel Pit bones to the Halbach family
129
in violation of Wis. Stat § 968.205 and the April 4, 2007 trial court order. The
State cannot credibly argue that it returned animal bones to the Halbach family for
burial or cremation.
Based on the foregoing, Mr. Avery set forth sufficient material facts
pertaining to the destruction of apparently exculpatory or potentially exculpatory
human bone fragments to warrant an evidentiary hearing. Despite the circuit
court’s erroneous ruling to the contrary, Mr. Avery is entitled to such a hearing on
his claims because the material facts he alleged in his supplemental § 974.06
motion, (i.e., who, what, when, where, why, and how) are sufficient to show that
he is entitled to relief. See Allen, 2004 WI 106, ¶ 23.
Second, the circuit court erred when it found that Mr. Avery’s motion did
not, on its face, state material facts that, if true, would entitle him to relief. This
Court reviews the circuit court’s decision to deny Mr. Avery’s supplemental §
974.06 motion without a hearing under the deferential erroneous exercise of
discretion standard. Allen, 2004 WI 106, ¶ 9. The circuit court failed to analyze
the sufficiency of the material facts he alleged in his motion. (775:1-32).
Instead, the circuit court denied Mr. Avery’s claims by blatantly misstating
the evidence in the record. Specifically, the circuit court erred in concluding that
the Manitowoc County Gravel Pit bones were non-human, when, in fact, the
Manitowoc Quarry bones were labeled as “human” by Dr. Eisenberg in her reports
describing property tag numbers #7411 (“Calcine human bone frags”), #7412
(Human and non-human bone [...] 5 of 13 burned/calcined with cut edges; most
130
bone fragments are all cut bone fragments are human”), #7413 (“one burned
human frag[ment]”), #7414 (“Burned/calcined human bone fragments”), #7416
(“Human . . . bone fragments; human is calcined with one cut edge”), and #7419
(“Cut/burned human bone”). (772:16-18). The circuit court appears to have
ignored the key report of Dr. Eisenberg, which is clearly referenced in paragraph
14 of Mr. Avery’s 968.205/Youngblood motion (775:6). As stated in paragraph 14
of Mr. Avery’s motion, Dr. Eisenberg’s critical report is attached to Mr. Avery’s
December 17, 2018 Motion. (772:16-28).
Inexplicably, and although Mr. Avery supplied all of the relevant property
inventory item numbers for the Gravel Pit bones relevant to his claim, the circuit
court reviewed Dr. Eisenberg’s trial testimony, which only addressed #8675 and
dismissed Mr. Avery’s claims based solely on that testimony. Mr. Avery has never
contended and does not contend now that #8675 contains bones determined by
Dr. Eisenberg to be human; Dr. Eisenberg testified at trial, consistently with her
forensic anthropology report, that #8675 contained only “suspected” human pelvic
bones. (707:11). As noted above, Mr. Avery had an agreement with the State to
test #8675 as part of the agreement reached between the parties in September 18.
2017.
By completely ignoring the relevant Eisenberg report, the circuit court
abused its discretion by concluding that Dr. Eisenberg was testifying about all the
Gravel Pit bones. Dr. Eisenberg was only referring to the pelvic bones that were
labeled #8675. (707:11). At no time did Dr. Eisenberg testify at trial about her
131
other report which identified numerous Gravel Pit bones as being human.
(772:16-28). All of these bones were returned to the Halbach family for burial or
cremation.
Because the circuit court’s analysis of Mr. Avery’s claim related to Dr.
Eisenberg’s findings was so deeply flawed, the trial court erroneously exercised its
discretion. If the circuit court had granted an evidentiary hearing, the single but
fatal mistake would have never occurred. Therefore, the circuit court’s order
denying Mr. Avery’s supplemental § 974.06 motion without an evidentiary
hearing must be reversed.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated herein, Steven Avery respectfully requests that this
Court grant him one of the following alternative remedies: 1) reverse the Orders
Denying Postconviction Relief and remand for the State to file a response to the
Motion for Postconviction Relief, and/or grant an evidentiary hearing; 2) reverse
the judgments of conviction and the orders denying Postconviction Relief and
remand for a new trial.
Dates this 11th day of October, 2019.
132
Respectfully submitted,
\/ --1-=f
~t_(J)___
KATHLEEN T. ZELLNER
=
IL Bar No. 6184574.
Kathleen T. Zellner & Associates, P.C.
1901 Butterfield Road, Suite 650
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Telephone: (630) 955-1212
Facsimile: (630) 995-1111
Email: attorneys@zellnerlawoffices.com
STEVEN G. RICHARDS
WI Bar No. 1037545
Everson & Richards, LLP
127 Main Street
Casco, Wisconsin 54205
Telephone: (920) 837-2653
E-mail: sgrlaw@yahoo.com
133
CERTIFICATION AS TO FORM/LENGTH
I certify that this brief meets the form and length requirements of Rule
809 .19(8)(b) and (c) for a brief produced with a proportional serif font. The length
of this brief contains 32,241 words as permitted by an Order of this Court dated
September 18, 2019.
Dated this 11th day of October, 2019.
.,
~l_
--w \ I ' '
---
KATHLEEN T. ZELLNER
IL BarNo. 6184574.
Kathleen T. Zellner & Associates, P.C.
190 1 Butterfield Road, Suite 650
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Telephone: (630) 955-1212
Facsimile: (630) 995-1111
Email: attorneys@zellnerlawoffices.com
STEVEN G. RICHARDS
WI Bar No. 1037545
127 Main Street
Telephone: (920) 837-2653
134
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 809.19(12)
I hereby certify that:
I have submitted an electronic copy of this brief, excluding the appendix, if
any, which complies with the requirements of§ 809 . .19(12). I further certify that:
This electronic brief is identical in content and format to the printed form of
the brief filed on or after this date.
A copy of this certificate has been served with the paper copies of th is brief
filed with the court and served on all opposing parties.
Dated this 11th day of October, 2019
STEVEN G. RICHARDS
WI Bar No. 1037545
127 Main Street
Telephone: (920) 837-2653
135

Avery Appeal

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Avery Appeal

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Avery Appeal

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Case 2017AP002288 Brief of Appellant Filed 10-14-2019 Page 1 of 150

Case No. 2017 AP 002288

KATHLEEN T. ZELLER STEVEN G. RICHARDS

Attorneys for Defendant-Appellant

COUNSEL PRESS ∙ (866) 703-9373 PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................................................................... v

ISSUES PRESENTED ............................................................................................. 1

STATEMENT ON ORAL ARGUMENT AND PUBLICATION .......................... 4

STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY ........................ 5

I. The State’s case ............................................................................................. 5

B. The State’s forensic evidence ........................................................... 10

II. The Defense Case ........................................................................................ 23

A Defense forensic evidence ................................................................ 23

B. Third-party suspects ......................................................................... 25

III. Postconviction and direct appeal ................................................................. 27

IV. Pro Se postconviction § 974.06 ................................................................... 28

V. Motion for Scientific Testing § 971.23(5), § 974.07, and Second

A. Standard of review ........................................................................... 35

II. The circuit court abused its discretion in summarily dismissing

A. Standard of review ........................................................................... 39

B. Brady violation re Mr. Rahmlow ..................................................... 40

C. Brady violation re Mr. Radandt ....................................................... 45

D. Brady violation re original flyover video taken on November

E. Brady violation re Zipperer voicemail ............................................. 46

F. Brady violation re Ms. Heitl ............................................................. 48

G. Brady violation re Dassey-Janda CD ............................................... 49

A. Standard of review ........................................................................... 65

B. Failure to hire experts case law ........................................................ 66

C. Failure to hire experts ....................................................................... 68

D. Failure to investigate and impeach the State’s primary witness:

E. Failure to establish Mr. Hillegas as a Denny third-party

F. Trial defense counsel failed to investigate a variety of

A. Standard of review ........................................................................... 89

B. Mr. Avery is not challenging ineffectiveness of prior appellate

C. Mr. Avery’s current claims are clearly stronger than prior

A. Standard of review ........................................................................... 97

A. Standard of review ......................................................................... 111

B. Mr. Avery has demonstrated a sufficient reason for failing to

C. Mr. Avery’s pro se motion ............................................................. 113

A. Standard of review ......................................................................... 116

B. Mr. Avery’s motion for reconsideration and its supplements

X. The circuit court erred in denying Mr. Avery’s supplemental motion

(a) Materiality ...................................................................................... 126

(b) Potentially exculpatory evidence preserved under Wis. Stat.

(c) The DNA evidence preservation statute presumes that every

CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 132

CERTIFICATION AS TO FORM/LENGTH ...................................................... 133

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 809.19(12) .......................... 134

Fritsche v. Ford Motor Credit Co.,

Giglio v. United States,

Gritzner v. Michael R.,

Holmes v. South Carolina,

Jones v. Secura Ins. Co.,

Koepsell’s Olde Popcorn Wagons, Inc. v.

Maskrey v. Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft,

Olson v. Town of Cottage Grove,

State ex rel. Flores v. State,

State ex rel. Kyles v. Pollard,

State ex rel. Lewandowski v. Callaway,