CBSE-X Chapterwise (Previous Years) Qs - Maths - SOL-min

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CHAPTER-WISE PREVIOUS YEARS' QUESTIONS

MATHEMATICS
HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Class X (CBSE)
MATHEMATICS
Chapter - 1 : Real Numbers

1. 2 This contradicts the fact that 2 is irrational.


a 3 So, our assumption is incorrect. [½]
b
7
 
Hence, 5  3 2 is an irrational number.
7. Since 7344 > 1260
Let assume the missing entries be a, b.
7344 = 1260 × 5 + 1044 [½]
b = 3 × 7 = 21 [½]
Since remainder  0
a = 2 × b = 2 × 21 = 42 [½]
1260 = 1044 × 1 + 216
2. Given two numbers 100 and 190.
1044 = 216 × 4 + 180 [½]
 HCF × LCM = 100 × 190 [½]
216 = 180 × 1 + 36
= 19000 [½]
180 = 36 × 5 + 0 [½]
441
3. Given a rational number 5 7 2 . The remainder has now become zero.
2 5 7
 HCF of 1260 and 7344 is 36. [½]
441 9
 5 7 2
 5 7 [½] 8. Let a be positive odd integer.
2 5 7 2 5
Using division algorithm on a and b = 4 [½]
Since, the denominator is in the form of 2m 5n.
So, the rational number has terminating decimal a = 4q + r
expansion. [½] Since 0  r < 4, the possible remainders are
4. Smallest prime number is 2. 0, 1, 2 and 3. [½]
Smallest composite number is 4.  a can be 4q or 4q + 1 or 4q + 2 or 4q + 3,
where q is the quotient.
Therefore, HCF is 2. [1]
Since a is odd, a cannot be 4q and 4q + 2.
5. Rational number lying between 2 and 3 is
[½]
15 3
1.5   [½]  Any odd integer is of the form 4q + 1 or
10 2
4q + 3, where q is some integer. [½]
[∵ 2  1.414 and 3  1.732] [½]
9. Let 'a' be any positive integer and b = 3.
6.  
Let us assume that 5  3 2 is rational. Then
We know a = bq + r, 0  r < b.
there exist co-prime positive integers a and b
Now, a = 3q + r, 0  r < 3.
such that
The possible remainder = 0, 1 or 2
a
53 2  [½] Case (i) a = 3q
b
a2 = 9q2
a
3 2  5 = 3 × (3q2)
b
= 3m (where m = 3q2) [1]
a  5b
2  [½] Case (ii) a = 3q + 1
3b
a2 = (3q + 1)2
 2 is irrational.
= 9q2 + 6q + 1
a  5b
[∵ a, b are integers,  is rational]. = 3(3q2 + 2q) + 1
3b
[½] = 3m + 1 (where m = 3q2 + 2q) [1]

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2 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Case (iii) a = 3q + 2 Common prime factor = 2, Least exponent = 2
a2 = (3q + 2)2  HCF = 22 = 4 [1]
= 9q2 + 12q + 4 To find the LCM, we list all prime factors of 404
= 3(3q2 + 4q + 1) + 1 and 96 and their greatest exponent as follows :

= 3m + 1 (where m = 3q2 + 4q + 1) Prime factors of Greatest Exponent


404 and 96
From all the above cases it is clear that square
of any positive integer (as in this a2) is either of 2 5
the form 3m or 3m + 1. [1] 3 1

10. Let assume 3  2 is a rational number. 101 1

p  LCM = 25 × 31 × 1011
 3 2 
q = 25 × 31 × 1011
{p, q are co-prime integers and q  0} [1]
= 9696 [1]
p
 2 3 Now,
q
HCF × LCM = 9696 × 4 = 38784
p  3q
 2 [1] Product of two numbers = 404 × 96 = 38784
q
Therefore, HCF × LCM = Product of two
p  3q numbers. [1]
Since, is a rational number but we know
q
2 is an irrational. 13. Let 2 be rational. Then, there exist positive
 Irrational  rational a
integers a and b such that 2 . [Where a
b
 3  2 is not a rational number. [1] and b are co-prime, b  0]. [½]
2
11. Let assume 2  3 5 is a rational number. 2 a
 ( 2)    [½]
p b
 23 5  ,
q a2
 2
(where p, q are co-prime integers and q  0) b2
p  2b2 = a2
 2 3 5 [1]
q  2 divides a2
2q  p  2 divides a
  5 ...(i)
3q
Let a = 2c for some integer c. [½]
2q  p a2 = 4c2
Since, is a rational number but we also
3q
 2b2 = 4c2
know 5 is an irrational [1]
 b2 = 2c2
 Rational  irrational.
 2 divides b2
 Our assumption is wrong.
 2 divides b ...(ii) [½]
 2  3 5 is an irrational number. [1]
From (i) and (ii), we get
12. Using the factor tree for the prime factorization of
2 is common factor of both a and b.
404 and 96, we have
But this contradicts the fact that a and b have
404 = 22 × 101 and 96 = 25 × 3
no common factor other than 1. [½]
To find the HCF, we list common prime factors
 Our supposition is wrong.
and their smallest exponent in 404 and 96 as
under : Hence, 2 is an irrational number. [½]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 3

Chapter - 2 : Polynomials

1. (x + a) is factor of the polynomial p(x) = 2x2 + 6. Given a polynomial


2ax + 5x + 10. x3 – 4x2 – 3x + 12
 p(–a) = 0 {By factor theorem}
Sum of all the zeroes of polynomial = –(–4) = 4
2(–a)2 + 2a(–a) + 5(–a) + 10 = 0 [½]
Given two zeroes are 3,  3. [1]
2a2 – 2a2 – 5a + 10 = 0 [½]
a=2 Say the third zero = 

2. If x = 1 is the zero of the polynomial   3 3 4


 p(x) = ax2 – 3(a – 1)x – 1
   4 [1]
Then p(1) = 0 [½]
 Third zero is 4.
 a(1)2 – 3(a – 1) – 1 = 0
–2a + 2 = 0 7. It is given that 2  3   and 2  3   are two
a=1 [½] zeros of f(x) = 2x4 – 9x3 + 5x2 + 3x – 1

3. Given  and  are the zeroes of quadratic


polynomial with  +  = 6 and  = 4.
x   2  3 x   2  3 
Quadratic polynomial = k[x2 – 6x + 4], where k 
 x2 3  x  2  3 
is real. [1]
 3
2
4. p(x) = x4 + x3 – 34x2 – 4x + 120  ( x  2)2 
Let assume other two zeroes be , . = x2 – 4x + 1 [1]
Sum of all zeroes =  +  + 2 – 2  (x2 – 4x + 1) is a factor of f(x)
=+ 2
2x – x – 1
 +  = –1 2
x – 4 x + 1 2 x4 – 9 x 3 + 5 x 2 + 3 x – 1
4 3 2
   1   ...(i) 2x – 8 x + 2x
(–) (+) (–)
____________________
Product of zeroes = 120 3 2
–x + 3x + 3 x – 1
..2.(–2) = 120 3 2
–x + 4x – x
  30 ...(ii) [1] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(+)
(+) (–)
____________
2
–x + 4x – 1
Substituting (i) in (ii), we get 2
–x + 4x – 1
(–1 – ) = –30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(+)
(+) (–)
____________
 + 2 = 30 0
____________________
2 +  – 30 = 0 We have,
  = –6, 5  f(x) = (x2 – 4x + 1)(2x2 – x – 1) [1]
 = 5, –6 Hence, other two zeros of f(x) are the zeros of
Zeroes of the polynomial are –6, –2, 2, 5. [1] the polynomial 2x2 – x – 1.
5. x3 + 3x2 – 2x – 6 = 0 We have,
Given two zeros are  2, 2 2x2 – x – 1 = 2x2 – 2x + x – 1
Sum of all zeros = –3 [1] = 2x(x – 1) + 1(x – 1)
Let the third zero be x = (2x + 1)(x – 1)

 x  
2   2  3 
f (x)  x  2  3  x  2  3  (2x  1)( x  1)
x = –3
1
Hence, the other two zeros are  and 1. [1]
 All zeroes will be 3,  2, 2 [1] 2

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4 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
8. For given polynomial 1
    [½]
x2 – (k + 6)x + 2(2k – 1), [½] 2
Let the zeroes be  and . 1
 k  6  (4k  2)
2
b c 4k  2
So,       k  6,    [1]  k + 6 = 2k – 1
a a 1
 k = 7
1
∵ Sum of zeroes  (product of zeroes)
2 So, the value of k is 7. [1]

Chapter - 3 : Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

1. x + 2y – 8 = 0 Putting x = 22 in equation (ii)


2x + 4y – 16 = 0 22 – y = 14  22 – 14 = y
For any pair of linear equations  y=8
a1x + b2y + c1 = 0  x = 22 and y = 8 [½]
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 4. For infinitely many solutions
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
If   , then [½]   [½]
a2 b2 c 2 a2 b2 c 2
There exists infinite solutions I II III
a1 1 b1 2 c1 8 c 3 3c
Here  ,  ,   
a2 2 b2 4 c 2 16 12 c c
(i) c2 = 12 × 3 [From I and II]
a1 b1 c1 1
    c = ±6 [½]
a2 b2 c 2 2
 Lines are coincident and will have infinite 3 3c
(ii)  [From II and III]
solutions. [½] c c
–3c = 3c – c2
2. 2x + 3y = 7
c2 – 6c = 0
(k – 1)x + (k + 2)y = 3k
c = 0, 6
For this pair of linear equations to have infinitely
many solutions, they need to be coincident [½] (iii) c2 = 12(c – 3) [From I and III] [½]
2
2 3 7 c – 12c + 36 = 0
   [½]
k  1 k  2 3k (c – 6)2 = 0
Upon solving we get c=6
k 7 [1] Hence the value of c is 6. [½]
3. Since it is a rectangle 5. x + 3y = 6
(AB) = (CD) 2x – 3y = 12
x + y = 30 ...(i) [½] Graph of x + 3y = 6 :

(AD) = (BC) When x = 0, we have y = 2 and when y = 0, we


have x = 6. [½]
x – y = 14 ...(ii) [½]
Therefore, two points on the line are (0, 2) and
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
(6, 0). [½]
2x = 44
The line x + 3y = 6 is represented in the given
x = 22 [½] graph.
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 5
Graph of 2x – 3y = 12 : 7. Lets say numerator = x
When x = 0, we have y = –4 and when y = 0, Denominator = y
we have x = 6. [½]
Given x + y = 2y – 3
Hence, the two points on the line are (0, –4) and
(6, 0). [½]  xy 3 0 ...(i) [1]

The line 2x – 3y = 12 is shown in the graph. From the next condition


y
x 1 1

8 y 1 2
7
6 2x  y  1  0 ...(ii) [1]
5
4 Solving (i) and (ii)
3
x=4
(0 , 2) 2 x+
3y
= 6 y=7
1 (6, 0)
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
x O x
–1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4
=
12  Fraction  [1]
–2

3y 7
–3 2x
4
–4 (0 , –4) 8.  3y  8 ...(i) [½]
–5 x
–6
6
–7  4y  5 ...(ii) [½]
–8 x
y Multiplying 4 to (i) and 3 to (ii)
[½] 16
 12y  32
The line x + 3y = 6 intersects y-axis at (0, 2) and x
the line 2x – 3y = 12 intersects y-axis at (0, –4). [½] 18
 12y  15 [½]
ax by x
6.   ab ...(i)
b a 34
 17
ax – by = 2ab ...(ii) [½] x
x2 [½]
1
Multiply (ii) with and subtract (i) from (ii)
b Substitute

a x = 2 in (i)
x  y  2a
b 2 + 3y = 8
ax by 3y = 6
   a  b [1]
b  a 
y=2 [½]
____________________
 x=2
ba
y    ab [½] y=2 [½]
 a 
9. Let the present age of father be x years and the
y = –a sum of present ages of his two children be y
Substituting y = –a in (i) years. [½]
According to question
a b
x  ( a )  a  b [½]
b a x = 3y [½]

a  x – 3y = 0 ...(i)
x a
b After 5 years,
x=b x + 5 = 2(y + 10)
 x = b and y = –a [½]  x – 2y = 15 ...(ii) [½]

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6 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
On subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get : 11. Let AB be the pillar of height 9 meter. The
peacock is sitting at point A on the pillar and B
x  2y  15
is the foot of the pillar. (AB = 9)
x  3y  0
[1] Let C be the position of the snake which is at
  
27 meters from B. (BC = 27 and ABC = 90°)
y  15
As the speed of the snake and of the peacock
On substituting the value of y = 15 in (i), we get : is same they will travel the same distance in
x – 3 × 15 = 0 the same time
 x = 45 [½] Now take a point D on BC that is equidistant
Hence, the present age of father is 45 years. from A and C (Please note that snake is moving
towards the pillar) [½]
10. Let the numerator of required fraction be x and
the denominator of required fraction be y (y  0) A

According to question; [½]


x 2 1 9 mt
 y
y 3 [½]
y D x
 3x – 6 = y [½] C B
27 mt
 3x – y = 6 ...(i)
Hence by condition AD = DC = y(say)
and
Take BD = x
x 1
 Now consider triangle ABD which is a right
y 1 2
angled triangle
 2x = y – 1 [½]
Using Pythagoras theorem (AB2 + BD2 = AD2)
 2x – y = –1 ...(ii)
92 + x2 = y2 [½]
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get :
81 = y2 – x2 = (y – x)(y + x) [½]
3x  y  6
81/(y + x) = (y – x) [½]
2x  y  1
[1]
   y + x = BC = 27
x  7 Hence, 81/27 = (y – x) = 3 [½]
On substituting x = 7 in (i), we get : y–x=3 ...(i)
3(7) – y = 6 y + x = 27 ...(ii) [½]
 –y = 6 – 21 Adding (i) and (ii), gives 2y = 30 or y = 15 [1]
 y = 15 [½] x = 12, y = 5 [1]
x 7 Thus the snake is caught at a distance of
Hence, the required fraction is  .
y 15 x meters or 12 meters from the hole. [½]

Chapter - 4 : Quadratic Equations

1. x2 + 6x + 9 = 0  For the given quadratic equation


x2 + 2.3x + (3)2 = 0 [½]  (10)2  4 3 3   3 
(x + 3)2 =0 = 100 – 36
 x = –3 is the solution of x2 + 6x + 9 = 0. [½] = 64 [½]
2 3. Answer (B)
2. 3 3 x  10 x  3  0.
Discriminant for ax 2 + bx + c = 0 will be Given a quadratic equation
b2 – 4ac. [½] x2 – 3x – m(m + 3) = 0

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 7
 x2 – (m + 3)x + mx – m(m + 3) = 0 [½]  (4)2 –4×k0
x(x – (m + 3)) + m(x – (m + 3)) = 0  –4k  –16
(x – (m + 3))(x + m) = 0  k4
 x = –m, m + 3 [½]  k has all real values  4 [½]

4. Answer (A) 8. 3x2 – 10x + k = 0

It is given that 1 is a root of the equations ∵ Roots of given equation are reciprocal of each
ay2 + ay + 3 = 0 and y2 + y + b = 0. other.
1
Therefore, y = 1 will satisfy both the equations. Let the roots be and . [½]

 a(1)2 + a(1) + 3 = 0
c
 a+a+3=0 Product of roots 
a
 2a + 3 = 0 [½]
1 k
 . 
3  3
 a
2  k = 3 [½]
Also, (1)2 + (1) + b = 0 9. Given; mx(x – 7) + 49 = 0
 1+1+b=0  mx2 – 7mx + 49 = 0
 b = –2
D  (7m )2  4m  49 [1]
3
 ab   2  3 [½] 49m 2  4m  49  0
2
5. Given quadratic equation is, 49 m 2  4m  49
m=4 [∵ m  0] [1]
px 2  2 5 px  15  0
10. Given quadratic equation is 3x2 – 2kx + 12 = 0
Here, a  p, b  2 5 p, c  15 Here a = 3, b = –2k and c = 12.
For real equal roots, discriminant = 0 The quadratic equation will have equal roots if
 b2 – 4ac = 0 [½] =0
 b2 – 4ac = 0
 2 
2
 5p  4 p(15)  0
Putting the values of a, b and c we get
 20p2 – 60p = 0 (2k)2 – 4(3)(12) = 0 [1]
 20p(p – 3) = 0  4k2 – 144 = 0
 p = 3 or p = 0  4k2 = 144
But, p = 0 is not possible. 144
 k2   36
 p=3 [½] 4
Considering square root on both sides,
6. ∵ x = 3 is one of the root of x2 – 2kx – 6 = 0
(3)2 – 2k(3) – 6 = 0 k  36  6

9 – 6k – 6 = 0 Therefore, the required values of k are 6 and –6. [1]

3 – 6k = 0 [½] 11. 4 3x 2  5x  2 3  0
3 = 6k  4 3x 2  8x  3x  2 3  0

k
3 1
 [½]
 4x  
3x  2  3  
3x  2  0 [1]
6 2
7. x2 + 4x + k = 0
  4x  3  3x  2  0 
∵ Roots of given equation are real, 3 2
 x or x   [1]
D0 [½] 4 3

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8 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
12. Comparing the given equation with the standard Substituting p = 7 in p(x2 + x) + k = 0, we get
quadratic equation (ax2 + bx + c = 0), we get 7(x2 + x) + k = 0
a = 2, b = a and c = –a2
 7x2 + 7x + k = 0
2
b  b  4ac The roots of the equation are equal.
Using the quadratic formula, x  ,
2a  Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = 0
we get :
Here, a = 7, b = 7, c = k
a  a 2  4  2  (  a ) 2 b2 – 4ac = 0
x [1]
22
 (7)2 – 4(7)(k) = 0
a  9a 2  49 – 28k = 0

4  28k = 49
a  3a 49 7
  k  [1]
4 28 4
a  3a a a  3a 15. Quadratic equation px2 – 14x + 8 = 0
 x  or  a
4 2 4
Also, one root is 6 times the other
So, the solutions of the given quadratic equation
Let say one root = x
a
are x or x  a. [1] Second root = 6x
2
13. 4x2 + 4bx – (a2 – b2) = 0 14
From the equation : Sum of the roots  
p
 a2  b2 
 x 2  bx   0 8
 4  Product of roots 
p
b a2  b2
 x 2  2   x   x  6x 
14
.
2 4 p
2 2
b b a2  b2  b  2
 x 2  2   x       [1] x [1]
2 2 4 2 p
2 8
b a2  6x 2 
  x    p
 2 4
2
b a 2 8
 x   6  
2 2 p
  p
b a 64 8
 x  
2 2 p2 p
b  a b  a p=3 [1]
 x ,
2 2 16. Let assume two numbers be x, y.
ab  a  b  . [1]
Hence, the roots are    and   Given, x + y = 8  x = 8 – y ...(i)
 2   2 
1 1 8
14. Given –5 is a root of the quadratic equation   [1]
x y 15
2x2 + px – 15 = 0.
xy 8 8 8
 –5 satisfies the given equation.   
xy 15 xy 15
 2(–5)2 + p(–5) – 15 = 0  xy = 15 [1]
 50 – 5p – 15 = 0 From (i) xy = y(8 – y) = 15
 35 – 5p = 0  y2 – 8y + 15 = 0
 5p = 35 y = 3, 5  x = 5, 3
 p=7 [1]  The numbers are 3 and 5. [1]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 9
17. x 2  3 5 x  10  0  k(k – 5) + 3(k – 5) = 0

For any quadratic equation  (k – 5)(k + 3) = 0


 k = 5 or k = –3
2 b  b 2  4ac
ax  bx  c  0  x  [1] Thus, for k = 5 or k = –3, the given quadratic
2a
equation has equal roots. [1]
 For the given equation
21. Given equation :
3 5  45  40
x [1] 4 5 3
2 3  ; x  0, 
x 2x  3 2
3 5 5 4 5
x 3 
2 x 2x  3
 x  5, 2 5 [1] 4  3x 5
  [1]
x 2x  3
18. 4x2 – 4ax + (a2 – b2) =0
 (4 – 3x)(2x + 3) = 5x
 (4x2 – 4ax + a2) – b2 = 0 [1]
 –6x2 + 8x – 9x + 12 = 5x
 [(2x2) – 2.2x.a + a2] – b2 = 0
 6x2 + 6x – 12 = 0
 [(2x – a)2] – b2 = 0 [1]
 x2 + x – 2 = 0 [1]
 [(2x – a) – b][(2x – a) + b] = 0
 x2 + 2x – x – 2 = 0
 [(2x – a) – b] = 0 or [(2x – a) + b] = 0
 (x + 2)(x – 1) = 0
ab ab  (x + 2) = 0 or (x – 1) = 0
 x ; x [1]
2 2
 x = –2 or x = 1
19. 3x 2  2 6x  2  0
Thus, the solution of the given equation is –2
2
 3x  6x  6x  2  0 and 1. [1]

 3   3 x  2   2  3 x  2   0 [1] 22. For the given equation, 3 x 2  2 2x  2 3  0


Comparing this equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0,
  3x  2  3x  2  0  we obtain

a  3, b  2 2, c  2 3
 
2
 3x  2 0
Now, D  b 2  4ac
 3x  2  0 [1]
 2 2   3  2 3 
2
 3x  2  4

2 2 3 6  8  24  32  4 2
 x   [1] [1]
 3
2 3
3
Using quadratic formula, we obtain
20. (k + 4)x2 + (k + 1)x + 1 = 0
b  b 2  4ac
x
a = k + 4, b + k + 1, c = 1 2a
For equal roots, discriminant, D = 0 [1]
 x

 2 2  4 2 
 b2 – 4ac = 0 2 3
 (k + 1)2 – 4(k + 4) × 1 = 0 2 24 2 2 24 2
 x or [1]
 k2 + 2k + 1 – 4k – 16 = 0 2 3 2 3
 k2 – 2k – 15 = 0 [1] 22 2 2 2 2
 x or
 k2 – 5k + 3k – 15 = 0 3 3

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10 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)

3 2  2 25. Let the usual speed of the plane be x km/hr.


 x or x 
3 3 Time taken to cover 1500 km with usual
1500
 2 speed  hrs
 x  3 2 or x  x
3
Time taken to cover 1500 km with speed of
 2 1500
 x  6 or x  [1] (x + 100) km/hr  hrs. [1]
3 x  100
1500 1500 1
1 1 2   
23.   x x  100 2
 x  1 x  2   x  2   x  3  3
1500 1500 1
( x  3)  ( x  1) 2  
 x x  100 2
 x  1 x  2  ( x  3) 3
 x  100  x  1
x  3  x 1 2
1500   [1]
  x ( x  100)  2
 x 2  3 x  2  ( x  3) 3 [1]
150000 × 2 = x(x + 100)
2x  4 2 x2 + 100x – 300000 = 0
3 22

x  3 x  3 x  9 x  2x  6 3
x2 + 100x – 300000 = 0
2x  4 2
 x = –600 or x = 500
x 3  6 x 2  11x  6 3
But speed can't be negative.
6x – 12 = 2x3 – 12x2 + 22x – 12
Hence, usual speed 500 km/hr. [1]
2x3 – 12x2 + 16x = 0 26. Let the sides of the two squares be x cm and
2x(x2 – 6x + 8) = 0 y cm where x > y.
Then, their areas are x 2 and y 2 and their
x2 – 6x + 8 = 0 [1]
perimeters are 4x and 4y.
x2 – 4x – 2x + 8 = 0 By the given condition :
x(x – 4) – 2(x – 4) = 0 x2 + y2 = 400 ...(i)
(x – 4)(x – 2) = 0 and 4x – 4y = 16

x – 4 = 0 or x – 2 = 0  4(x – y) = 16  x – y = 4
 x=y+4 ...(ii) [1]
x = 4 and x = 2 [1]
Substituting the value of x from (ii) in (i), we get :
24. Given ad  bc for the equation (a2 + b2)x2 +
2(ac + bd)x + (c2 + d 2) = 0. (y + 4)2 + y2 = 400
 y2 + 16 + 8y + y2 = 400
For this equation not to have real roots its
discriminant < 0. [1]  2y2 + 16 + 8y = 400

D = 4(ac + bd)2 – 4(a2 + b2)(c2 + d 2)  y2 + 4y – 192 = 0


 y2 + 16y – 12y – 192 = 0
D = 4a2c2 + 4b2d2 + 8acbd – 4a2c2 – 4b2d2 –
4b2c2 – 4a2d 2 [1]  y(y + 16) – 12(y + 16) = 0 [1]

D = –4(a2d 2 + b2c2 – 2acbd)  (y + 16)(y – 12) = 0


 y = –16 or y = 12 [1]
D = –4(ad – bc)2
Since, y cannot be negative, y = 12.
Given ad  bc
So, x = y + 4 = 12 + 4 = 16
 D<0
Thus, the sides of the two squares are 16 cm
Quadratic equation has no real roots. [1] and 12 cm. [1]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 11
1 1 1 1 29. Given quadratic equation :
27.   
2a  b  2 x 2a b 2 x (k + 4)x2 + (k + 1)x + 1 = 0
1 1 1 1 Since the given quadratic equation has equal
    [1]
2a  b  2 x 2 x 2a b roots, its discriminant should be zero.
2 x  2a  b  2 x b  2a  D=0 [1]
 
2 x (2a  b  2 x ) 2ab  (k + 1)2 – 4 × (k + 4) × 1 = 0
2a  b b  2a  k2 + 2k + 1 – 4k – 16 = 0
  [1]
2 x (2a  b  2 x ) 2ab
 k2 – 2k – 15 = 0
1 1  k2 – 5k + 3k – 15 = 0
 
x (2a  b  2 x ) ab
 (k – 5) (k + 3) = 0
 2x2 + 2ax + bx + ab = 0
 k – 5 = 0 or k + 3 = 0
 2x(x + a) + b(x + a) = 0
 k = 5 or –3 [1]
 (x + a)(2x + b) = 0 [1]
Thus, the values of k are 5 and –3.
 x + a = 0 or 2x + b = 0
For k = 5, (k + 4)x2 + (k + 1)x + 1 = 0
b  9x2 + 6x + 1 = 0
 x  a, or x  [1]
2
 (3x)2 + 2(3x) + 1 = 0
28. Let the two natural numbers be x and y such
that x > y.  (3x + 1)2 = 0
1 1
Given :  x , 
3 3
Difference between the natural numbers = 5
 x2 – 2x + 1 = 0 [For k = –3]
 x–y=5 ...(i)
 (x – 1)2 = 0
1
Difference of their reciprocals (given)  x = 1, 1 [1]
10
Thus, the equal roots of the given quadratic
1 1 1
  [1] 1
y x 10 equation is either 1 or  . [1]
3
xy 1 30. Let l be the length of the longer side and b be
 
xy 10 the length of the shorter side.
5 1 Given that the length of the diagonal of the
 
xy 10 rectangular field is 16 metres more than the
shorter side.
 xy = 50 ...(ii) [1]
Thus, diagonal = 16 + b
Putting the value of x from equation (i) in
equation (ii), we get Since longer side is 14 metres more than
shorter side, we have,
(y + 5) y = 50
l = 14 + b
 y2 + 5y – 50 = 0
Diagonal is the hypotenuse of the triangle. [1]
 y2 + 10y – 5y – 50 = 0
Consider the following figure of the rectangular
 y(y + 10) – 5(y + 10) = 0 field.
 (y – 5)(y + 10) = 0 D C
 y = 5 or –10 [1]
Diagonal
As y is a natural number, therefore y = 5 Breadth

Other natural number = y + 5 = 5 + 5 = 10


Thus, the two natural numbers are 5 and 10. [1] A B
Length

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12 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
By applying Pythagoras Theorem in ABD, we Multiply throughout by the L.C.M., we get
have,
(x + 2)(x + 4) + 2(x + 1)(x + 4) = 4(x + 1)
Diagonal2 = Length2 + Breadth2 [1] (x + 2)
 (16 + b)2 = (14 + b)2 + b2 (x + 4)(x + 2 + 2x + 2) = 4(x2 + 3x + 2)
 256 + b2 + 32b = 196 + b2 + 28b + b2 (x + 4)(3x + 4) = 4x2 + 12x + 8
 256 + 32b = 196 + 28b + b2
3x2 + 16x + 16 = 4x2 + 12x + 8 [1]
 60 + 32b = 28b + b2
 x2 – 4x – 8 = 0
 b2 – 4b – 60 = 0 [1]
Now, a = 1, b = –4, c = –8
 b2 – 10b + 6b – 60 = 0
 b(b – 10) + 6(b – 10) = 0 b  b 2  4ac 4  16  32
x 
 (b + 6)(b – 10) = 0 2a 2
4  48 4  4 3 [1]
 (b + 6) = 0 or (b – 10) = 0  
2 2
 b = –6 or b = 10
 x  22 3 [1]
As breadth cannot be negative, breadth = 10 m
33. Let the speed of the stream be s km/h.
Thus, length of the rectangular field = 14 + 10
= 24 m. [1] Speed of the motor boat 24 km/h
31. Let x be the first speed of the train. Speed of the motor boat (upstream) = 24 – s
Distance Speed of the motor boat (downstream) = 24 + s
We know that,  time
Speed [1]
Thus, we have, According to the given condition,
54 63
 3 [1] 32 32
x x6  1
24  s 24  s
54( x  6)  63 x
 3 1 1 
x ( x  6)  32    1 [1]
 24  s 24  s 
 54(x + 6) + 63x = 3x(x + 6)
 24  s  24  s 
 54x + 324 + 63x = 3x2 + 18x  32   1
 576  s 2 
 117x + 324 = 3x2 + 18x [1]
 32 × 2s = 576 – s2
 3x2 – 117x – 324 + 18x = 0
 s2 + 64s – 576 = 0
 3x2 – 99x – 324 = 0
 (s + 72)(s – 8) = 0 [1]
 x2 – 33x – 108 = 0
 x2 – 36x + 3x – 108 = 0  s = –72 or s = 8

 x(x – 36) + 3(x – 36) = 0 Since, speed of the stream cannot be negative,
the speed of the stream is 8 km/h. [1]
 (x + 3)(x – 36) = 0 [1]
 (x + 3) = 0 or (x – 36) = 0 1 3 5 1
34.   , x   1, ,  4
x  1 5x  1 x  4 5
 x = –3 or x = 36
Take L.C.M. on the left hand side of equation
Speed cannot be negative. Hence, initial speed
of the train is 36 km/hour. [1] 5 x  1  3( x  1) 5
 [1]
1 2 4 ( x  1)(5 x  1) x4
32.  
x 1 x  2 x  4
8x2 + 4x + 32x + 16 = 25x2 + 5 + 5x + 25x
L.C.M. of all the denominators is (x + 1)(x + 2)
(x + 4) [1] 17x2 – 6x – 11 = 0 [1]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 13
17x2 – 17x + 11x – 11 = 0 24[ 2 x ]
1  [½]
17x(x – 1) + 11(x – 1) = 0 324  x 2
(x – 1)(17x + 11) = 0 [1] –324 + x2 = –48x
x2 + 48x – 324 = 0 [½]
11
 x , 1 [1]
17 x2 + 54x – 6x – 324 = 0
35. Two taps when run together fill the tank (x + 54)(x – 6) = 0
1 x = –54 or x = 6 [½]
in 3 hrs
13
x = –54 km/hr (not possible) [½]
Say taps are A, B and
Therefore, speed of the stream = 6 km/hr.
A fills the tank by itself in x hrs
37. Let x be the original average speed of the train
B fills tank in (x + 3) hrs [1]
for 63 km.
1
Portion of tank filled by A (in 1 hr)  Then, (x + 6) will be the new average speed for
x remaining 72 km. [½]
1
Portion of tank filled by B (in 1hr)  Total time taken to complete the journey is 3 hrs.
x3
63 72
13   3 [½]
Portion of tank filled by A and B (both in 1hr)  x ( x  6)
40
 Distance 

1

1

13  Time = 
[1]  Speed 
x x  3 40
63 x  378  72 x
(x + 3 + x)40 = 13(x)(x + 3)  3 [½]
x ( x  6)
80x + 120 = 13x2 + 39x
 135x + 378 = 3x2 + 18x [½]
 13x2 – 41x – 120 = 0
 x2 – 39x – 126 = 0 [½]
 13x2 – 65x + 24x – 120 = 0
 (x – 42)(x + 3) = 0 [½]
24
 x = 5 or
13  x  42 OR x  3 [½]
[But negative value not be taken] [1] Since, speed cannot be negative.
 A fills tank in 5 hrs Therefore x = 42 km/hr. [½]
B fills tank in 8 hrs [1] 38. Let the time in which tap with longer and smaller
36. Let the speed of stream be x km/ hr. diameter can fill the tank separately be x hours
and y hours respectively. [½]
Now, for upstream: speed = (18 – x) km/hr
According to the question
24 
 Time taken    hr [½]
 18  x  1 1 8
  ...(i) [½]
x y 15
Now, for downstream: speed = (18 + x) km/hr
and x = y – 2 ...(ii) [½]
24 
 Time taken    hr [½] On substituting x = y – 2 from (ii) in (i), we get
 18  x 
Given that, 1 1 8
  [½]
y  2 y 15
24 24
 1 [½]
18  x 18  x y y 2 8
 
24 24 y 2  2y 15
1  
18  x 18  x  15(2y – 2) = 8(y2 – 2y)

24 (18  x )  (18  x )  30y – 30 = 8y2 – 16y


1  [½]
(18)2  x 2  8y2 – 46y + 30 = 0 [½]

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14 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
 4y2 – 20y – 3y + 15 = 0 9(a  b )  3(a  b )
x
 (4y – 3)(y – 5) = 0 18

3a  3b  a  b 3a  3b  a  b
3 x , [1]
 y ,y 5 [½] 6 6
4
2a  b a  2b
Substituting values of y in (ii), we get  x ; [1]
3 3
3
x 2 x  52 41. –5 is root of 2x2 + px – 15 = 0
4
5  2(–5)2 + p(–5) – 15 = 0 [1]
x x 3
4 10 – p – 3 = 0
[½]
5
 x  p=7 [1]
4
 time cannot  p(x2 + x) + k = 0 has equal roots. [1]
 be negative 
 
 7x2 + 7x + k = 0 [As we know p = 7] [1]
Hence, the time taken by tap with longer
diameter is 3 hours and the time taken by tap  Discriminant = 0
with smaller diameter is 5 hours, in order to fill D = 49 – 28k [1]
the tank separately. [½]
28k = 49
39. Let assume the two numbers to be x, y (y > x)
7
Given that y – x = 4  y = 4 + x ...(i) [1] k [1]
4
1 1 4
  [1] 42. Let the required three integers be (x – 1), x and
x y 21 (x + 1). [1]
yx 4 Now, (x – 1)2 + [x.(x + 1)] = 46
 
xy 21
(x2 – 2x + 1) + [x2 + x] = 46 [1]
4 4
  [1] 2x2 – x – 45 = 0
xy 21
 xy = 21 2x2 – 10x + 9x – 45 = 0 [1]

x(4 + x) = 21 [1] 2x(x – 5) + 9(x – 5) = 0

x2 + 4x – 21 = 0 (x – 5)(2x + 9) = 0 [1]

(x + 7)(x – 3) = 0 x = 5 or x = –9/2
x = –7, 3 [1] So, x = 5 [Because it is given that x is a positive
integer] [1]
y = –3, 7
 Numbers are –7, –3 or 3, 7 [1] Thus, the required integers are (5 –1), i.e. 4, 5
and 6. [1]
40. 9x2 – 9(a + b)x + (2a2 + 5ab + 2b2) = 0
43. Let the smaller number be x and larger number
Discriminant be y.
D = 81(a + b)2 – 36(2a2 + 5ab + 2b2) [1] y2 – x2 = 88 ...(i)
D = 9[9a2 + 9b2 + 18ab – 8a2 – 8b2 – 20ab]
y = 2x – 5 ...(ii) [1]
D = 9[a2 + b2 – 2ab] [1]
In equation (i)
2
 D  9(a  b ) [1] (2x – 5)2 – x2 = 88 [1]
4x2 – 20x + 25 – x2 = 88
9(a  b )  9(a  b )2
 x [1]
29 3x2 – 20x – 63 = 0 [1]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 15
By splitting the middle term, 16  6 2
x [1]
3x2 – 27x + 7x – 63 = 0 4
3x(x – 9) + 7(x – 9) = 0 [1]  3 2
x  4   [1]
(x – 9)(3x + 7) = 0  2 

 x = 9 and x = –7/3 [1] 46. Total cost of books = `80

We cannot take negative value because x must Let the number of books be x.
be greater than 5. 80
So, the cost of each book = ` [1]
So, smaller number = 9 x
And larger number = 2x – 5 = 18 – 5 = 13 [1] Cost of each book if he buy 4 more book
80
44. A B = ` [1]
180 km x4
Distance travelled by train = 180 km, let say As per given in question :
speed = s km/hr
80 80
 1 [1]
180 x x4
Time taken (t )  [1]
s 80 x  320  80 x
 1
It is given if speed had been (s + 9) km/hr x ( x  4)

Train would have travelled AB in (t – 1) hrs. [1] 320


 1
x 2  4x
180
 t 1  x2 + 4x – 320 = 0 [1]
s9
 (x + 20)(x – 16) = 0
180
 t 1 [1]
s9  x = –20, 16 [1]
Since, number of books cannot be negative.
180 180
 1
s9 s So, the number of books he bought is 16. [1]
(189 + s)s = 180s + 1620 [1] 47. Let the first number be x then the second
189s + s2 = 180s + 1620 number be (9 – x) as the sum of both numbers
is 9. [1]
s2 + 9s – 1620 = 0 [1]
1
 s2 + 45s – 36s – 1620 = 0 Now, the sum of their reciprocals is , therefore
2
 s = –45, 36 [∵ s cannot negative] [1] 1 1 1
  [1]
 s  36 km/hr x 9x 2
9xx 1
1 1 3   [1]
45.   1, x  , 5. x (9  x ) 2
2x  3 x  5 2
9 1
Taking L.C.M on left side of equality  
9x  x 2 2
x  5  2x  3
1 [1]  18 = 9x – x2 [1]
(2 x  3)( x  5)
 x2 – 9x + 18 = 0
3x – 8 = 2x2 – 3x – 10x + 15 [1]
 (x – 6)(x – 3) = 0
2x2 – 16x + 23 = 0
 x = 6, 3 [1]
16  256  4  2  23
x [1] If x = 6 then other number is 3.
4
and if x = 3 then other number is 6.
16  72
x [1] Hence, numbers are 3 and 6. [1]
4
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16 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)

Chapter - 5 : Arithmetic Progressions

1. First term of an AP = p 5. Answer (C)


Common difference = q The first 20 odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, ..... 39
T10 = p + (10 – 1)q [½] This is an AP with first term 1 and the common
T10 = p + 9q [½] difference 2. [½]
Sum of 20 terms = S20
4
2. Given , a, 2 are in AP
5 20
S20  2(1)  (20  1)(2)  102  38  400 [½]
4 2
 a  2a [½]
5 Thus, the sum of first 20 odd natural numbers is
400.
4
 2a  2
5 6. Answer (C)

14 Common difference =
2a 
5 1  6q 1 1  6q  1 6q
    2 [1]
7 3q 3q 3q 3q
 a [½]
5 7. Answer (C)
3. Given an AP which has sum of first p terms
The first three terms of an AP are 3y - 1, 3y + 5
= ap2 + bp
and 5y + 1, respectively.
Lets say first term = k & common difference = d
We need to find the value of y.
p
 ap 2  bp   2k  ( p  1)d  We know that if a, b and c are in AP, then :
2
b–a=c–b
2ap + 2b = 2k + (p – 1)d
 2b = a + c
2b + 2ap = (2k – d) + pd [½]
 2(3y + 5) = 3y – 1 + 5y + 1 [½]
Comparing terms on both sides,
 6y + 10 = 8y
 2a  d
 10 = 8y – 6y
2k – d = 2b
 2y = 10
2k = 2b + 2a
 y=5
k ab Hence the correct option is C. [½]
Common difference = 2a 8. If k + 9, 2k – 1 and 2k + 7 are the consecutive
First term = a + b [½] terms of AP, then the common difference will be
4. Answer (C) the same.

Given common difference of the  (2k – 1) – (k + 9) = (2k + 7) – (2k – 1) [½]

AP = d = 3  k – 10 = 8

Lets say the first term = a  k = 18 [½]

a20 = a + 19d = a + 19 × 3 9. Given

= a + 57 a21 – a7 = 84 ...(i)

a15 = a + 14d = a + 14 × 3 [½] In an AP a1, a2, a3, a4 .....


= a + 42 an = a1 + (n – 1)d d = common difference
a20 – a15 = a + 57 – a – 42 a21 = a1 + 20d ...(ii)
= 15 [½] a7 = a1 + 6d ...(iii) [½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 17
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i) Last term which is Tn
a1 + 20d – a1 – 6d = 84 = a + (n – 1)d [½]
14d = 84 = a + (9)d
d=6  29 = 2 + 9d
 Common difference = 6 [½]
d 3
10. a7 = 4
Common difference = 3 [½]
a + 6d = 4 (as an = a + (n – 1)d)
14. Two digit numbers divisible by 6 are,
but d = –4
12, 18..... 96 [1]
a + 6(–4) = 4 [½]
 96 = 12 + (n – 1) × 6
a + (–24) = 4
[∵ an = a + (n – 1)d]
a = 4 + 24 = 28
Therefore first term a = 28 [½] 96  12
 n  1  15 [½]
6
11. Two digit numbers divisible by 3 are
12, 15, 18, ....., 99.  Two digit numbers divisible by 6 are 15. [½]

a = 12, d = 15 – 12 = 3 [½] 15. First three– digit number that is divisible by


7 = 105
 Tn = 99
Next number = 105 + 7 = 112
 a + (n – 1)d = 99
Therefore the series is 105, 112, 119,…
 12 + (n – 1)3 = 99
The maximum possible three digit number is 999.
 n = 30
When we divide by 7, the remainder will be 5.
 Number of two digit numbers divisible by 3
are 30. [½] Clearly, 999 – 5 = 994 is the maximum possible
three – digit number divisible by 7.
12. Given an AP 3, 15, 27, 39, .....
The series is as follows :
Lets say nth term is 120 more than 21st term
 Tn = 120 + T21 105, 112, 119, …., 994 [½]

a + (n – 1)d = 120 + (a + 20d) [1] Here a = 105, d = 7

(n – 1)12 = 120 + 20 × 12 Let 994 be the nth term of this AP.

n – 1 = 30 an = a + (n – 1)d

 31st term is 120 more than 12th term. [1]  994 = 105 + (n – 1)7

13. Given an AP with first term (a) = 2  (n – 1)7 = 889


Last term () = 29  (n – 1) = 127
Sum of the terms = 155  n = 128 [½]
Common difference (d) = ? So, there are 128 terms in the AP.
n n
Sum of the n terms  (a   ) [½]  Sum  {first term + last term}
2 2
n 128
 155  (2  29)  a1  a128 
2 2
 n  10 [½] 64{105 + 994} = (64)(1099) = 70336 [1]

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18 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
16. Let a be the first term and d be the common  d=5 [½]
difference.
Substituting value of d in (ii), we have
Given : a = 5
2a + 9(5) = 47
Tn = 45
 2a + 45 = 47
Sn = 400
 2a = 2
We know :
 a=1
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
 45 = 5 + (n – 1)d Thus, the given AP is 1, 6, 11, 16,..... [½]

 40 = (n – 1)d ...(i) [1] 18. 4th term of an AP = a4 = 0

n  a + (4 – 1)d = 0
And Sn  (a  Tn )
2  a + 3d = 0
n  a = –3d
 400  (5  45) ...(i) [½]
2
25th term of an AP = a25
n 400
  = a + (25 – 1)d
2 50
 n = 2 × 8 = 16 [½] = –3d + 24d ...[From (i)] [½]
On substituting n = 16 in (i), we get : = 21d
40 = (16 – 1)d 3 times 11th term of an AP = 3a11
 40 = (15)d = 3[a + (11 – 1)d]
40 8
 d  = 3[a + 10d]
15 3
= 3[–3d + 10d]
8
Thus, the common difference is . [½] = 3 × 7d
3
17. S5 + S7 = 167 and S10 = 235 = 21d [½]

n  a25 = 3a11
Now, Sn  2a  (n  1)d
2 i.e., the 25th term of the AP is three times its
 S5 + S7 = 167 11th term. [½]
5
 2a  4d  7 2a  6d  167 1 1 3
19. Given progression 20, 19 , 18 , 17 , .....
2 2 4 2 4
 5a + 10d + 7a + 21d = 167 This is an Arithmetic progression because
 12a + 31d = 167 ...(i) [½]
Common difference
Also, S10 = 235
1 1 1
10 (d )  19  20  18  19  ......
 2a  9d  235 4 2 4
2
3
 10a + 45d = 235 d [1]
4
 2a + 9d = 47 ...(ii) [½]
3  83  3n
Multiplying equation (ii) by 6, we get Any nth term an  20  (n  1)  
 4  4
12a + 54d = 282 ...(iii) Any term an < 0 when 83 < 3n
Subtracting (i) from (iii), we get
83
 n
12a  54d  282 3
(  )12a  31d  167
  n = 28
23d  115  28th term will be the first negative term. [1]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 19
20. First 8 multiples of 3 are 24. First term (a) = 5
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 Tn = 33
The above sequence is an AP [1] Sum of first n terms = 123
a = 3, d = 3 and last term l = 24
n
 a  Tn   123 [1]
n 8 2
Sn  (a  l )  [3  24]  4(27)
2 2 n
Sn = 108 [1] 8  33  123
2
21. Sn = 3n2 – 4n
n6 [1]
Let Sn – 1 be sum of (n – 1) terms
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
tn = Sn – Sn – 1 [½]
33 = 8 + (5)d
= (3n2 – 4n) – [3(n – 1)2 – 4(n – 1)] [½]
= (3n2 – 4n) – [3n2 – 6n + 3 – 4n + 4] [½] d 5 [1]

= 3n2 – 4n – 3n2 + 10n – 7 25. Lets say first term of given AP = a


 tn = 6n – 7 Common difference = d
So, required nth term = 6n – 7 [½] Sum of first six terms = 42
22. nth term of 63, 65, 67, .....
6
= 63 + (n – 1)(2)  (2a  5d )  42
2
= 63 + 2n – 2
2a + 5d = 14 ...(i) [1]
= 61 + 2n ...(i) [1]
Also given T10 : T30 = 1 : 3
nth term of 3, 10, 17, .....
= 3 + (n – 1)7 a  9d 1
 
a  29d 3
= 3 + 7n – 7
= 7n – 4 ...(ii) [1] 3a + 27d = a + 29d
Given that nth terms of two AP’s are equal.  2a = 2d
61 + 2n = 7n – 4 [Using (i) and (ii)]
 ad ...(ii) [1]
65 = 5n
Substituting (ii) in (i)
n  13 [1]
 2a + 5a = 14
23. Lets assume first term = a
a = 2 and d = 2
Common difference = d
T13 = a + 12d
Tm = a + (m – 1)d
= 2 + 24
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
Given m.Tm = n.Tn [1] T13 = 26 [1]

m(a + (m – 1)d) = n(a + (n – 1)d) 26. Sum of first ten terms = –150
ma + m(m – 1)d = na + n(n – 1)d Sum of next ten terms = 550
(m – n)a + d(m2 – m – n2 + n) = 0 [1] Lets say first term of AP = a
a(m – n) + d(m – n)(m + n – 1) = 0 Common difference = d
(m – n)[a + (m + n – 1)d] = 0 10
Sum of first ten terms  [2a  9d ]
mn 2
 a + (m + n – 1)d = 0 –150 = 5[2a + 9d]

Tm  n  0 [1] 2a  9d  30 ...(i) [1]

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20 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
For sum of next ten terms the first term would 29. Sn = 3n2 + 4n
be T11 = a + 10d First term (a1) = S1 = 3(1)2 + 4(1) = 7
10 S2 = a1 + a2 = 3(2)2 + 4(2) = 20
 550  [2(a  10d )  9d ] [1]
2
a2 = 20 – a1 = 20 – 7 = 13
 110  2a  29d ...(ii) [1]
So, common difference (d) = a2 – a1 = 13 – 7 = 6
Solving (i) and (ii) [1]
d = –4 Now, an = a + (n – 1)d
a=3
 a25 = 7 + (25 – 1) × 6 = 7 + 24 × 6 = 7
 AP will be 3, –1, –5, –9, –13, ..... [1] + 144 = 151 [1]
27. Given an AP 30. Let a be the first term and d be the common
Say first term = a difference of the given AP
Common difference = d Given :
Given T4 = 9 1
a7 
a + 3d = 9 ...(i) [1] 9

Also T6 + T13 = 40 1
a9 
7
a + 5d + a + 12d = 40
1
2a + 17d = 40 ...(ii) [1] a7  a  (7  1)d 
9
Solving (i) and (ii)
1
a=3 d=2  a  6d  ...(i) [1]
9
 AP will be 3, 5, 7, 9, ..... [1]
1
28. Let a and d respectively be the first term and the a9  a  (9  1)d 
7
common difference of the AP.
1
We know that the nth term of an AP is given by  a  8d  ...(ii) [1]
7
an = a + (n – 1)d
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get :
According to the given information,
2
A16 = 1 + 2a8 2d 
63
 a + (16 – 1)d = 1 + 2[a + (8 – 1)d]
1
 a + 15d = 1 + 2a + 14d  d [½]
63
 –a + d = 1 ...(i) [1] 1
Putting d  in equation (i), we get :
Also, it is given that, a12 = 47 63
 a + (12 – 1)d = 47 1  1
a   6  
 a + 11d = 47 ...(ii) [1]  63  9
Adding (i) and (ii), we have : 1
 a
12d = 48 63
1 1  63
 d=4  a63  a  (63  1)d   62   1
63  63  63
From (i),
Thus, the 63rd term of the given AP is 1. [½]
–a + 4 = 1
31. Here it is given that,
 a=3 [½]
T14 = 2(T8)
Hence, a n = a + (n – 1)d = 3 + (n – 1)(4)
= 3 + 4n – 4 = 4n – 1  a + (14 – 1)d = 2[a + (8 – 1)d]
Hence, the nth term of the AP is 4n – 1. [½]  a + 13d = 2[a + 7d]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 21
 a + 13d = 2a + 14d 33. Given an A.P with first (a) = 8
 13d – 14d = 2a – a Last term () = 350
 –d = a ...(i) [1] Common difference (d) = 9
Now, it is given that its 6th term is –8. Tn = a + (n – 1)d
T6 = –8 = a + (n – 1)d = 350
 a + (6 – 1)d = –8  8 + (n – 1)9 = 350 [1]
 a + 5d = –8
n  39
 –d + 5d = –8 [∵ Using (i)]
 Number of terms = 39 [1]
 4d = –8
Sum of the terms
 d = –2
n
Substituting this in eq. (i), we get a = 2 [1]  [a  ]
2
Now, the sum of 20 terms,
39
n  [8  350] [1]
Sn   2a  (n  1)d  2
2
= 6981 [1]
20
S20  2a  (20  1)d  34. Multiples of 4 between 10 and 250 are 12, 16,
2
...... 248. [1]
= 10[2(2) + 19(–2)]
We now have an A.P with first term = 12 and
= 10[4 – 38]
last term = 248 [1]
= –340 [1]
Common difference = 4
32. Let a 1, a 2 be the first terms and d 1, d 2 the
 248 = 12 + (n – 1)4
common differences of the two given AP’s.
[∵ an = a + (n – 1)d] [1]
n
Thus, we have Sn   2a1  (n  1)d1  and
2  n  60
n
Sn    2a2  (n  1)d 2   Multiples of 4 between 10 and 250 are 60. [1]
2
35. Given : S20 = –240 and a = 7
n
Sn 2a1  (n  1)d1 2a1  (n  1)d1
 2
Consider, S20 = –240
  [½]
Sn  n  2a  (n  1)d  2a2  (n  1)d2
2 2 20
2  (2  7  19d )  240 [1]
2
Sn 7n  1
It is given that  ∵ S  n 2a  (n  1)d 
Sn  4n  27  n  
2 
2a1  (n  1)d1 7n  1  10(14 + 19d) = –240
  ...(i) [½]
2a2  (n  1)d 2 4n  27
 14 + 19d = –24 [1]
To find the ratio of the mth terms of the two
 19d = –38
given AP's, replace n by (2m – 1) in equation (i).
 d = –2 [1]
2a1  (2m  1  1)d1 7(2m  1)  1
  Now, a24 = a + 23d = 7 + 23 × –2 = –39
2a2  (2m  1  1)d 2 4(2m  1)  27
[∵ an = a + (n – 1)d]
2a1  (2m  2)d1 14m  7  1
  [1] Hence, a24 = –39 [1]
2a2  (2m  2)d 2 8m  4  27
36. Given AP is –12, –9, –6, ..., 21
a1  (m  1)d1 14m  6
  First term, a = –12
a2  (m  1)d 2 8m  23
Hence, the ratio of the mth terms of the two AP's Common difference, d = 3 [1]
is 14m – 6 : 8m + 23. [1] Let 12 be the nth term of the AP.

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22 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
12 = a + (n – 1)d  t60 = 8 + 59 × 2
 12 = –12 + (n – 1) × 3 [1]  t60 = 8 + 118
 24 = (n – 1) × 3  t60 = 126 [1]
 n=9 We need to find the sum of the last 10 terms.
Sum of the terms of the AP = S9 Thus,
n
  2a  (n  1)d   9  24  8  3   0 [1] Sum of last 10 terms = Sum of first 60 terms –
2 2 Sum of first 50 terms
If 1 is added to each term of the AP, the sum [½]
of all the terms of the new AP will increase by
n
n, i.e., 9. Sn  2a  (n  1)d 
2
 Sum of all the terms of the new AP = 0 + 9
60
=9 [1]  S60  2  8  (60  1)  2
37. Let a and d be the first term and the common 2
difference of an AP respectively.  S60 = 30[16 + 59 × 2]
nth term of an AP, an = a + (n – 1)d  S60 = 30[134]

n  S60 = 4020 [1]


Sum of n terms of an AP, Sn  [2a  (n  1)d ]
2 Similarly,
We have :
50
10
 S50  2  8  (50  1)  2
2
Sum of the first 10 terms  [2a  9d ]
2  S50 = 25[16 + 49 × 2]
 210 = 5[2a + 9d]
 S50 = 25[114]
 42 = 2a + 9d ...(i) [1]
 S50 = 2850 [1]
15th term from the last = (50 – 15 + 1)th = 36th
Thus the sum of last 10 terms = S60 – S50 =
term from the beginning
4020 – 2850 = 1170 [½]
Now, a36 = a + 35d
39. Let there be a value of X such that the sum of the
 Sum of the last 15 terms numbers of the houses preceding the house
15 numbered X is equal to the sum of the numbers
 (2a36  (15  1)d ) [1] of the houses following it.
2
15 That is, 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + (X – 1) = (X + 1) +
 [2(a  35d )  14d ]
2 (X + 2) ..... + 49
= 15[a + 35d + 7d]  [1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + (X – 1)
 2565 = 15[a + 42d] = [1 + 2 + ..... + X + (X – 1) + ..... + 49]
 171 = a + 42d ...(ii) [1] – (1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + X) [1]
From (i) and (ii), we get,  X 1 49 X
[1  X  1]  [1  49]  [1  X ]
d=4 2 2 2
 X(X – 1) = 49 × 50 – X(1 + X)
a=3
So, the AP formed is 3, 7, 11, 15... and 199. [1]  X(X – 1) + X(1 + X) = 49 × 50 [1]

38. Consider the given AP 8, 10, 12, ...  X 2 – X + X + X2 = 49 × 50

Here the first term is 8 and the common  2X 2 = 49 × 50 [1]


difference is 10 – 8 = 2  X 2 = 49 × 25
General term of an AP is tn is given by,  X = 7 × 5 = 35
tn = a + (n – 1)d Since X is not a fraction, the value of x satisfying
 t60 = 8 + (60 – 1) × 2 the given condition exists and is equal to 35. [1]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 23
40. Let the numbers be (a –3d), (a – d), (a + d) and 41. Let the first four terms be a, a + d, a + 2d,
(a + 3d) a + 3d
 (a – 3d) + (a – d) + (a + d) + (a + 3d) = 32 a + a + d + a + 2d + a + 3d = 40 [½]
 2a + 3d = 20 ...(i) [½]
 4a = 32
Sum of first 14 terms = 280
a=8 [1]
n
2a  (n  1) d   280 [½]
(a  3d )(a  3d ) 7 2
Also, 
(a  d )(a  d ) 15 14 
 2a  13d   280
 15a2 – 135d 2 = 7a2 – 7d 2 2
 2a + 13d = 40 ...(ii) [1]
 8a2 = 128d 2 [1]
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get d = 2
2
8a 888 Substituting the value of d in (i) [½]
d2  
128 128 a=7
d2 =4 n
 Sum of n terms  2a  (n  1)d  [½]
2
d = ±2 [1]
n
If d = 2 numbers are : 2, 6, 10, 14  14  (n  1)2
2
If d = –2 numbers are 14, 10, 6, 2 [1] = n2 + 6n [½]

Chapter - 6 : Triangles

1. Length of the diagonals of a rhombus are 30 cm PQ || BC


and 40 cm.
AP 1
D 
PB 2
PB 2

A C AP 1
O
PB 2
1 1 [½]
AP 1
B
PB  AP 3
i.e., BD = 30 cm 
AP 1
AC = 40 cm
AP 1
 OD = OB = 15 cm 
AB 3
OA = OC = 20 cm [½]
2
ar( APQ )  AP  1
In AOD,     [½]
ar( ABC )  AB  9
OA2 + OD2 = AD2 3. N R
(20)2 + (15)2 = AD2
60°
AD = 25 cm
50°
Side of rhombus = 25 cm [½] L M P Q
Given LMN ~ PQR
2. A
In similar triangles, corresponding angles are equal.
P Q  L = P
M = Q

B C N = R

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24 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
In LMN, 7. A
L + M + N = 180°
M = 180° – 50° – 60° 1 2
D E
M = 70°
1 2
 Q = 70° B C
4. P DE || BC
 ADE  ABC [By AA similarity] [½]
S T ar( ABC )  AB 
2
  
ar( ADE )  AD 
Q R [By area similarity theorem]
Given : PT = 2 cm, TR = 4 cm. So, PR = 6 cm 2
3
ST || QR   
 1
As it is given that ST || QR
9
 [½]
PST ~ PQR 1
PS PT ST 8. E
   [½]
PQ PR QR
2 2 2 F
ar( PST )  PS   PT    ST  D C
Also,      
ar( PQR )  PQ   PR   QR 
2 2 A B
ar( PST )  PT  2
    
ar( PQR )  PR  6 In ABE and CFB,
Ratio : 1 : 9 [½] A = C (Opposite angles of a parallelogram)
5. H [1]
AEB = CBF
C A K (Alternate interior angles as AE || BC)
 ABE ~ CFB (By AA similarly criterion)
B [1]
Given AHK ~ ABC 9. D
AH HK AK
   [½] C
AB BC AC
Also, we know AK = 10 cm, BC = 3.5 cm and
HK = 7 cm.
A B
AK HK
  In ABC
AC BC
10 7 AB2 + AD2 = BD2 ...(i)
 
AC 3.5 In ABC
AC  5 cm [½] AC2 + BC2 = AB2 ...(ii)
In ACD
ar( ABC ) AB 2
6.  [½] AC2 + CD2 = AD2 ...(iii)
ar( PQR ) PQ 2
(Ratio of area of similar triangle is equal to Subtracting (iii) from (ii)
square of their proportional sides) AB2 – AD2 = BC2 – CD2 ...(iv) [1]
2 Adding (i) and (iv)
ar( ABC )  1  1
   [½]
ar( PQR )  3  9 2AB2 = BD2 + BC2 – CD2
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 25
2AB2 = (BC + CD)2 + BC2 – CD2 2
BC   3BC 
2
 AC 2  AB      [1]
2AB2 = BC2 + CD2 + 2BC.CD + BC2 – CD2  4   4 
AB2 = BC(BC + CD) BC 2 9BC 2
 AC 2  AB 2  
AB2 = BC.BD [1] 16 16
10. C 9BC 2  BC 2
 AC 2  AB 2 
16
D 8BC 2
 AC 2  AB 2 
16

B A BC 2
 AC 2  AB 2 
In ABD, 2

By Pythagoras theorem, 2 AB 2  BC 2
 AC 2  [1]
2
AB2 = BD2 + AD2 ...(i)
12. D
And in ADC, [1] A E

By Pythagoras theorem,
AC2 = CD2 + AD2 M
L
CD2 = AC2 – AD2 ...(ii) [1]
B C
On adding (i) and (ii), we get, In DME and CMB
 AB2 + CD2 = BD2 + AD2 + AC2 – AD2 EDM = MCB [Alternate angles]
 AB2 + CD2 = BD2 + AC2 [1] DM = CM [M is mid-point of CD]
Hence proved. DME = BMC [Vertically opposite angles]
11. A By ASA congruency DME  CMB [1]
By CPCT
BM = ME
B C DE = BC
D
Now in
1
BD  CD ;
3 ALE and BLC
BD + CD = BC ALE = BLC [VOA]
3 LAE = LCB [Alternate angles]
CD  BC
4
By AA similarly
1
BD  BC ALE ~ CLB [1]
4
In right ACD, AE AL LE
  
BC CL LB
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 ...(i) [1]
EL AE
(Pythagoras Theorem)  
BL BC
In right ABD,
EL AD  DE
 
AB2 = AD2 + BD2 ...(ii) BL BC
(Pythagoras Theorem) EL BC  BC
 
From (i) and (ii), we get BL BC

AC2 = AB2 – BD2 + CD2  EL  2BL [1]

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26 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
13. A 15. A P

B C Q R
Let ABC be similar to PQR.

ar( ABC ) AB 2 BC 2 AC 2
B C     [1]
D ar( PQR ) PQ 2 QR 2 PR 2
Given that BD = CD Given that ar(ABC) = ar(PQR)
AC  BC ar( ABC )
 1
In ABC, AB2 = BC2 + AC2 ar( PQR )
AB2 = (BD + CD)2 + AC2 AB 2 BC 2 AC 2
1   [1]
AB2 = (2CD)2 + AC2 PQ 2 QR 2 PR 2

AB2 = 4CD2 + AC2 ...(i) [1]  AB = PQ

In ADC, AD2 = CD2 + AC2 BC = QR

CD2 = AD2 – AC2 [1] AC = PR


Hence, corresponding sides are equal.
Substituting CD2 in (i), we get
 ABC  PQR (SSS rule) [1]
 AB2 = 4AD2 – 4AC2 + AC2
Hence proved.
2 2 2
 AB  4 AD  3 AC [1] 16. C
Hence proved.

C
–
14.
°
90

a  90° – 
A B A B
D
a Let A = 
2a 2a
 ACD = 90° – , BCD = , CBD = 90° – 
D
[½]
E 2a
∵ CAD = BCD
3 3
A( ABC )   side 2   a2 ...(i) and ACD = CBD [½]
4 4
Using pythagoras theorem CAD ~ BCD [By AA similarity] [1]

AD2 = AB2 + BD2 = a2 + a2 = 2a2 AD CD


[1]   [½]
CD BD
AD  2a  CD2 = AD × BD [½]
3
  3
2 17. A
 A( ADE )   2a   2a 2 ...(ii)
4 4
A( ABC ) 3 / 4  a2
 [1]
A( ADE ) 3 / 4  2a 2 P
1
A( ABC )  A( ADE )
2 C B
Q
Area of equilateral triangle described on one side
In right ACQ,
1
 (area of equilateral  described on one of AQ2 = AC2 + CQ2 ...(i)
2
its diagonal) [1] [By Pythagoras theorem] [1]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 27
In right PCB, 19. Given : A right-angled triangle ABC in which
BP2 = PC2 + CB2 ...(ii) B = 90°.

[By Pythagoras theorem] [1] To Prove : (Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (Perpendicular)2

On adding equations (i) and (ii), we get i.e., AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AQ2 + BP2 = AC2 + CQ2 + PC2 + CB2 [½] Construction : From B draw BD  AC.
= (AC2 + CB2) + (CQ2 + PC2)
B
= AB2 + PQ2
[By Pythagoras theorem] [½]
[1]
18. Let the each side of ABC be ‘a’ unit.
A C
D
a
 BD 
3 Proof : In triangle ADB and ABC, we have
To prove : 9(AD)2 = 7(AB)2 ADB = ABC [Each equal to 90°]
Construction : Draw AM  BC :
and,A = A [Common]
a a a
DM    So, by AA-similarity criterion, we have
2 3 6
ADB ~ ABC
A
AD AB
  [1]
AB AC
[1]
[∵ In similar triangles corresponding sides
B C
D M are proportional]
 In ABM
 AB2 = AD × AC ...(i)
AB2 = BM 2 + AM 2 ...(i)
In triangles BDC and ABC, we have
and in ADM
CDB = ABC [Each equal to 90°]
AD2 = AM 2 + DM 2 ...(ii)

AM and, C = C [Common]
In ABM, sin60  [1]
AB So, by AA-similarity criterion, we have
 AM = ABsin60°
BDC ~ ABC
3
a DC BC
2   [1]
BC AC
Now, taking 9(AD)2
[∵ In similar triangles corresponding sides
9(AM 2 + DM 2) [1]
are proportional]
 2 2
 a 3  a   BC2 = AC × DC
9     ...(ii)
 2   6  
  Adding equation (i) and (ii), we get
 3a 2 2 2
a  28a AB2 + BC2 = AD × AC + AC × DC
9    9
 4 36  36
 AB2 + BC2 = AC(AD + DC)
7(AB)2 = 7a2
 AB2 + BC2 = AC × AC
or
 9(AD2) = 7(AB2)  AB2 + BC2 = AC2

Hence proved. [1] Hence, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [1]

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28 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)

20. A OA OB
 ...(i) [1]
AD BE
M N Similarly, in OEF, BC || EF (Given)
D E
OB OC
  ....(ii)
BE CF
Comparing (i) and (ii), we get

B C OA OC

AD CF
Construction: Join BE and CD and draw
perpendicular DN and EM to AC and AB Hence, AC || DF [1]
respectively. [By the converse of BPT ]
1 21. P
 EM  AD
ar( ADE ) 2 A

ar( BDE ) 1  BD  EM
2
ar( ADE ) AD
  ...(i) [1] B C Q R
ar( BDE ) BD D S
Proof : Given ABC ~ PQR
Similarly,
 A = P, B = Q, C = R
1
 AE  DN
ar( ADE ) 2 AB BC AC
   ...(i)
ar( CDE ) 1  EC  DN PQ QR PR
2
Ratio of areas of ABC and PQR will be
ar( ADE ) AE
  ...(ii) [1]
ar( CDE ) EC 1
 BC  AD
ar( ABC ) 2
But ar(BDE) = ar(CDE) (∵ Triangles on same  ...(ii) [1]
ar( PQR ) 1  QR  PS
base DE and between the same parallels DE 2
and BC)
In ABD and PQS
Thus, equation (ii) becomes,
B = Q
ar( ADE ) AE ADB = PSQ = 90°
 ...(iii) [1]
ar( BDE ) EC
By AA similarity ABD ~ PQS
From equations (i) and (iii), we have,
AB AD BD
AD AE    ...(iii) [1]
 [1] PQ PS QS
BD EC
From (i) and (iii) we get
In the given figure, AB || DE and BC || EF.
AB BC CA AD
D   
PQ QR PR PS
A
BC AD
  ...(iv)
B E QR PS
O
From (ii) and (iv)

C ar( ABC ) BC  BC

F ar( PQR ) QR  QR
In ODE, AB || DE (Given) ar( ABC ) (BC )2 ( AB )2 (CA)2
    [1]
 By basic proportionality theorem, ar( PQR ) (QR )2 (PQ )2 (PR )2

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 29
A P AB 2 BC 2 AC 2
1   [1]
PQ 2 QR 2 PR 2

B C Q R  AB = PQ
Let ABC be similar to PQR. BC = QR
2 2 2
ar( ABC ) AB BC AC
    [1] AC = PR
ar( PQR ) PQ 2 QR 2 PR 2
Hence, corresponding sides are equal.
Given that ar(ABC) = ar(PQR)
 ABC  PQR (SSS rule) [1]
ar( ABC )
 1
ar( PQR ) Hence proved.

Chapter - 7 : Coordinate Geometry

1.  a , 4    6  2 , 5  3 
A(6, –5) B(–2, 11)    
P(2, p) 2   2 2 
Given P is midpoint of AB a 8
 [On comparing]
6  2 5  11  2 2
 (2, p )   ,  [½]
 2 2  a  8 [½]
(2, p) = (2, 3) 4. Answer (B)
 p3 [½] Given 2 points are A(–6, 7) and B(–1, –5)
2. D C(6, 6) Distance between the points = AB

O  ( 6  1)2  (7  5)2 [½]

 25  144
A(1, 2) B(4, 3)
 AB = 13
Let O be the mid-point of diagonals AC and BD
of the parallelogram ABCD and coordinates of D  2AB = 26 [½]
is (x, y) then 5. Answer (B)
 6  1, 6  2    x  4 , y  3  It is given that the point P divides AB in the ratio
    [½]
 2 2   2 2  2 : 1.
On comparing Using section formula, the coordinates of the
point P are
x4 7 8 y 3
 , 
2 2 2 2  1 1 2  4 , 1 3  2  6    1 8 , 3  12   (3, 5)
   
x=7–4 8=y+3  2 1 2 1   3 3 
x=3 y=8–3=5 [½]

Hence coordinates of D = (3, 5) [½] Hence the coordinates of the point P are (3, 5).

3. Answer (A) [½]


Given a line segment joining 6. Answer (A)
A(–6, 5) and B(–2, 3) [½] Let the coordinates of the other end of the
diameter be (x, y).
A(–6, 5) P B(–2, 3)
We know that the centre is the mid-point of the
a
Midpoint of A & B is P  , 4 
diameter. So, O(–2, 5) is the mid-point of the
2  diameter AB.

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30 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
The coordinates of the point A and B are (2, 3) 9. Using distance formula
and (x, y) respectively.
Using mid-point formula, we have, (OP )  ( x  0)2  ( y  0)2 [½]

2 x (OP )  x 2  y 2 [½]
2   4  2  x  x  6
2
10. Let the centre be O and coordinates of point A
3y
5  10  3  y  y  7 [½] be (x, y)
2
Hence, the coordinates of the other end of the x 1
2 [By Mid-point formula]
diameter are (–6, 7). [½] 2
7. Answer (C)  x=3 [½]
y y 4
 –3
5 2
4  y = –10 [½]
A(1, 3)
3
 Coordinates of A = (3, –10)
2
1
11. Given points (k, 3), (6, –2), (–3, 4) are collinear
B C
x x  Area of the triangle formed by these
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–1 points = 0 [½]
–2
1
k ( 2  4)  6(4  3)  3(3  2) [½]
y 2
From the figure, the coordinates of A, B, and C –6k + 6 – 15 = 0 [½]
are (1, 3), (–1, 0) and (4, 0) respectively.
3
Area of ABC k [½]
2
1
 1(0  0)  ( 1)(0  3)  4(3  0) [½] 12. B(x, 5)
2
1
 0  3  12 A(4, 3)
2 O(2, 3)
1
 15
2
= 7.5 sq. units [½] OA  (2  4)2  (3  3)2  2 [½]
8. Answer (A)
OB  (2  x )2  (3  5)2  (2  x )2  4 [½]
It is given that the three points A(x, 2), B(–3, –4)
and C(7, –5) are collinear.
 2  (2  x )2  4 [∵ OA = OB (radii)]
 Area of ABC = 0
4 = (2 – x)2 + 4 [½]
1
 x1( y 2  y 3 )  x2 ( y 3  y1)  x3 ( y1  y 2 )  0
2  x2 [½]
[½]
13. Distance between the points A(3, –1) and
Here, x1 = x, y 1 = 2, x2 = –3, y2 = –4, and B(11, y) is 10 units
x3 = 7, y3 = –5
AB = 10
 x[–4 – (–5)] – 3(–5 – 2) + 7[2 – (–4)] = 0
 x(–4 + 5) – 3(–5 – 2) + 7(2 + 4) = 0 (3  11)2  ( 1  y )2  10 [½]
 x – 3 × (–7) + 7 × 6 = 0 64 + (y + 1)2 = 100 [½]
 x + 21 + 42 = 0  x + 63 = 0
(y + 1)2 = 36
 x = –63
y + 1 = 6 or y + 1 = –6 [½]
Thus, the value of x is –63. [½]
Hence, the correct option is A.  y  7, 5 [½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 31
14. It is given that the point A(0, 2) is equidistant A P Q B
from the points B(3, p) and C(p, 5).
(2, –2) (–7, 4)
So, AB = AC  AB2 = AC2 [½]
 By section formula,
Using distance formula, we have :
 1( 7)  2(2) 1(4)  2( 2) 
 (0 – 3)2 + (2 – p)2 = (0 – p)2 + (2 – 5)2 [½] Coordinates of P   , 
 1 2 1 2 
 9 + 4 + p2 – 4p = p2 + 9
7  4 4  4 
  , 
 4 – 4p = 0 [½]  3 3 
 4p = 4 3
  , 0   ( 1, 0) [1]
 p=1 [½]  3 
15. ABC is right angled at B.  2( 7)  1(2) 2(4)  1( 2) 
Coordinates of Q   , 
 AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ...(i) [Pythagoras]  2 1 2 1 
14  2 8  2 
Now, AC2
= (7 – 4)2 + (3 – 7)2 = (3)2 + (–4)2 =   , 
9 + 16 = 25  3 3 
12 6 
AB2 = (p – 4)2 + (3 – 7)2 = p2 – 8p + 16 + (–4)2   ,   ( 4 , 2) [1]
= p2 – 8p + 16 + 16  3 3
18. Let A(3, 0), B(6, 4) and C(–1, 3) be the given
=p2 – 8p + 32
points of the vertices of triangle.
BC2 = (7 – p)2 + (3 – 3)2 = 49 – 14p + p2 + 0
Now,
=p2 – 14p + 49 [1]
From (i), we have AB  (6  3)2  (4  0)2  (3)2  (4)2

25 = (p2 – 8p + 32) + (p2 – 14p + 49)  9  16  25 ...(i) [½]

 25 = 2p2 – 22p + 81 BC  ( 1  6)2  (3  4)2  ( 7)2  ( 1)2


 2p2 – 22p + 56 = 0
 49  1  50 ...(ii) [½]
 p2 – 11p + 28 = 0
 p2 – 7p – 4p + 28 = 0 AC  ( 1  3)2  (3  0)2  ( 4)2  (3)2

 p(p – 7) – 4(p – 7) = 0  16  9  25 ...(iii) [½]


 (p – 7)(p – 4) = 0  BC2 = AB2 + AC2 and AB = AC
 p = 7 and p = 4 [1] Hence triangle is isosceles right triangle. [½]
16. Given, the points A(x, y), B(–5, 7) and C(–4, 5) Thus, ABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle.
are collinear. 19. Let the coordinates of points P and Q be P(0, a)
So, the area formed by these vertices is 0. and Q(b, 0) respectively.
[∵ P on y-axis Q on x-axis] [½]
 1
x(7  5)  ( 5)(5  y )  ( 4)( y  7)  0 [½]
2 Coordinates of mid-point of PQ
0b 0a
 1
2 x  25  5 y  4 y  28  0 [½]   , 
2  2 2 
b a
 1
2x  y  3  0   ,  [½]
2 2 2
 2x + y + 3 = 0 [½] On comparing with (2, –5)
 y = –2x – 3 [½] b a
 2 and  5
17. Since P and Q are the points of trisection of AB, 2 2
AP = PQ = QB b = 4, a = –10 [½]
Thus, P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2 Hence coordinates of P = (0, –10)
and Q divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 1. Hence coordinates of Q = (4, 0) [½]

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32 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
20. Given that P

PA = PB A(1, –3) k:1 B(4, 5)

By using distance formula 5k  3


 0
k 1
( x  5)2  ( y  1)2  ( x  1)2  ( y  5)2 [½]
3
k
Squaring on both sides  5
 x2 + 25 – 10x + y2 – 2y + 1 Hence, the required ratio is 3 : 5. [½]
= x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 – 10y + 25 [½] Now putting the value of k in (i) and (ii), we get
 –10x – 2y = 2x – 10y [½] 17
x and y = 0
 8y = 12x 8
17
 3x = 2y [½] So, coordinates of point P are  , 0  [1]
 8 
21. Suppose the point P(4, m) divides the line
segment joining the points A(2, 3) and B(6, –3) 23.
A P B
in the ratio K : 1.
AP 3
A K P 1 B 
AB 7
(2, 3) (4, m) (6, –3)
As, AB = 7a, AP = 3a
6K  2 3K  3 
Co-ordinates of point P   ,  [½]  AB = AP + PB
 K 1 K 1 
 7a = 3a + PB
But the co-ordinates of point P are given as
(4, m)  PB = 7a – 3a = 4a [1]

6K  2 Let the point P(x, y) divide the line segment


4 ...(i) joining the points A(–2, –2) and B(2, –4) in the
K 1
ratio AP : PB = 3 : 4 [½]
3K  3
m ...(ii) [½] 2(3)  ( 2)(4) ( 4)(3)  (4)( 2)
K 1  x and y 
34 34
 6K + 2 = 4K + 4 [From (i)]
[1]
 2K = 2
68 12  8
 K=1  x and y 
7 7
Putting K = 1 in equation (ii)
2 20
 x and y 
3(1)  3 7 7
m
1 1 2 20 
 The coordinate of P ( x, y )   ,  [½]
 m=0 [½]  7 7 
Ratio is 1 : 1 and m = 0 24. A

i.e. P is the mid-point of AB [½]


P(3, 4) R(5, 7)
22. Let P(x, y) divides the line segment joining the
points A(1, –3) and B(4, 5) internally in the ratio
B C
k : 1.
Q(4, 6)
Using section formula, we get Consider a ABC with A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and
4k  1 C(x3, y3), P(3, 4), Q(4, 6) and R(5, 7) are the
x …(i) mid-points of AB, BC and CA. Then,
k 1
5k  3 x1  x 2
y …(ii) [½] 3  x1  x 2  6 ...(i)
k 1 2
Since, P lies on x-axis. So its ordinate will be y1  y 2
4  y1  y 2  8 ...(ii)
zero. 2
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 33
x2  x3 Join AC
4  x 2  x3  8 ...(iii)
2 Area of Quadrilateral ABCD = ar(ABC)
y2  y3 + ar(ADC) [½]
5  y 2  y 3  12 ...(iv)
2
1 4  5  (2)  (3)
x  x1 Area of triangle ABC 
6 3  x3  x1  10 ...(v) 2  2  (2)  3  2  (5)
2
y 3  y1
7  y 2  y 1  14 ...(vi) [½] 1 4( 5  2)  ( 3)
2 
2 ( 2  2)  3( 2  5)
On adding (i), (iii) and (v) we get
2(x1 + x2 + x3) = 6 + 8 + 10 = 24 1
 4( 3)  3(0)  3(3)
 x1 + x2 + x3 = 12 ...(vii) [½] 2

From (i) and (vii), we get x3 = 12 – 6 = 6 1


 12  0  9
From (iii) and (vii) we get x1 = 12 – 8 = 4 2
From (v) and (vii), we get x2 = 12 – 10 = 2 [½]
21
 square units [1]
Now, adding (ii), (iv) and (vi), we get 2
20(y1 + y2 + y3) = 8 + 12 + 14 = 34
 y1 + y2 + y3 = 17 1 4  3  (2) 
...(viii) [½] Area of triangle ADC 
2 2 2  (2)  3  2  3
From (ii) and (viii), we get y3 = 17 – 8 = 9
From (iv) and (viii), we get y1 = 17 – 12 = 5
1 4(3  2) 
From (vi) and (viii), we get y2 = 17 – 14 = 3 [½] 
2 3( 2  2)  3( 2  3)
Hence, the vertices of ABC are A(4, 5), B(2, 3),
C(6, 9). [½] 1
 4(5)  3(0)  3( 5)
25. m n 2
A(–2, 2) P(2, y) B(3, 7)
1
Lets say ratio = m : n  20  0  15
2
3m  2n 2n  7m 
 (2, y )   ,  [1] 1 35
 mn mn   35  sq. units [1]
2 2
3m  2n
2
mn 21 35
 Area of quadrilateral (ABCD)  
2m + 2n = 3m – 2n 2 2
m:n=4:1 [1] = 28 sq. units
2  7 4 [½]
y
5 27. 1 2
A(2, 1) P B(5, –8)
30
y
5 Given :
y=6 [1] AP 1

26. A(–4, –2) AB 3
B(–3, –5)
AP 1
 
AP  PB 3
PB = 2AP
D(2, 3) C(3, –2)  AP : PB = 1 : 2 [1]

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34 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
By section formula 30. C(4, –1)

22  5 2  8 
 P   , 
D(3, 4)
 3 3 
P = (3, –2) [1] B(–2, –4)

Also it is given that P lies on 2x – y + k = 0


 2(3) – (–2) + k = 0 A(–3, –1)
Area of quadrilateral ABCD = ar(ABC) + ar(ADC)
k  8 [1]
We know that,
28. Since R(x, y) is a point on the line segment
joining the points, P(a, b) and Q(b, a) 1 x2 ( y 2  y 3 )  x2 ( y 3  y1 )
Area of triangle 
2  x3 ( y1  y 2 )
 P(a, b), Q(b, a) and R(x, y) are the collinear.
[½]
[½]
Thus,
 Area of PQR = 0 [½]
1 ( 3)( 4  1)  ( 2)
1 Area of ABC 
x1( y 2  y 3 )  x2 ( y 3  y1)  x3 ( y1  y 2 )  0 2 ( 1  1)  4( 1  4)
2
[1] 1
 9  0  12
2
1
 a(a  y )  b( y  b )  x(b  a )  0 21
2  sq. units [1]
2
 a2 – ay + by – b2 + x(b – a) = 0
 y(b – a) + x(b – a) = b2 – a2 1 ( 3)(4  1)  3( 1  1)
Area of ADC 
2 4( 1  4)
 (x + y)(b – a) = (b – a)(b + a)
1
 x+y=a+b [1]  15  0  20
2
29. m n
1
A(–5, 8) B(4, –10)  35
P(x , 4) 2
Lets say ratio = m : n 35
 sq. units [1]
4m  5n 10m  8n  2
P ( x, 4)   ,  [1]
 mn mn  Substitute these values in equation (i), we have,

10m  8m 21 35 56
4 [On equating] Area of quadrilateral ABCD   
mn 2 2 2
 4m + 4n = –10m + 8n = 28 sq. units [½]

 14m = 4n Hence, area of quadrilateral is 28 square units.


31. C(2, 5)
m 2
  [1]
n 7
4m  5n R Q
We know x 
mn
m 2
4    5 4    5 A(2, 1) Q B(4, 3)
 n  7
 x 
m 2 P, Q, R are the mid-points to the sides of the
1 1
n 7 ABC
8  35 4  2 3  1
 x P   ,   (3, 2)
9  2 2 
 x = –3 [1] Similarly, Q = (3, 4), R = (2, 3) [1½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 35
1 3(4  3)  3(3  2) 34. Let the y-axis divide the line segment joining the
Area of PQR  [½] points (–4, –6) and (10, 12) in the ratio k : 1
2 2(2  4)
and the point of the intersection be (0, y). Using
1 section formula, we have:
 334
2
 10k  4 , 12k  6   0, y
= 1 sq. unit [1]  
 k 1 k 1 
32. K P I 10k  4
  0  10k  4  0
A(3, –5) (x, y) B(–4, 8) k 1
Let the co-ordinates of point P be (x, y) 4 2
 k  [1]
By using the section formula co-ordinates of 10 5
P are. Thus, the y-axis divides the line segment joining
the given points in the ratio 2 : 5
4K  3 8K  5
x y [1]
K 1 K 1 2  24  30 
12   6  
12k  (6) 5  6
Since P lies on x + y = 0  y  5  
k 1 2 25 7
1  
4K  3 8K  5 5  5 
  0
K 1 K 1 [1]
[On putting the values of x and y] [½]
Thus, the coordinates of the point of division
 4K – 2 = 0
6
are  0,   [1]
2  7
 K [½]
4 35. The given points are A(–2, 3) B(8, 3) and C(6, 7).
1 Using distance formula, we have :
 K
2 AB2 = (8 + 2)2 + (3 – 3)2
1  AB2 = 102 + 0
Hence the value of K  [1]
2
 AB2 = 100 [½]
33. A(1, –3)
BC2 = (6 – 8)2 + (7 – 3)2
 BC2 = (–2)2 + 42
 BC2 = 4 + 16
 BC2 = 20 [½]
B(4, p) C(–9, 7)
CA2 = (2 – 6)2 + (3 – 7)2
The area of a , whose vertices are (x1, y1),
(x2, y2) and (x3, y3) is  CA2 = (–8)2 + (–4)2

1  CA2 = 64 + 16
 x1( y 2  y 3 )  x 2 ( y 3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y 2 ) [1]
2  CA2 = 80 [½]
Substituting the given coordinates It can be observed that :
1 BC2 + CA2 = 20 + 80 = 100 = AB2 [1]
Area of   1( p  7)  4(7  3)  ( 9)( 3  p )
2
So, by the converse of Pythagoras Theorem,
[½]
ABC is a right triangle right angled at C. [½]
 1
( p  7)  40  27  9 p  15 [½]
2 36. The given points are A(0, 2), B(3, p) and C(p, 5).
 10p + 60 = ±30 It is given that A is equidistant from B and C.
 10p = –30 or 10p = –90 [½]  AB = AC
 p = –3 or p = –9  AB2 = AC2
Hence the value of p = –3 or –9 [½]  (3 – 0)2 + (p – 2)2 = (p – 0)2 + (5 – 2)2 [1]
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36 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
 9+ p2 + 4 – 4p = p2 +9 AB  AP 7  3
 
 4 – 4p = 0 AP 3

 4p = 4 BP 4
 
AP 3
 p=1 [1]
AP 3
Thus, the value of p is 1   [1]
BP 4
 P divides AB in the ratio 3 : 4
Length of AB  (3  0)2  (1  2)2  32  ( 1)2
3  2  4( 2) 3  ( 4)  4( 2)
 9  1  10 units. [1] x ; y [½]
34 34
37. The given points are A(–2, 1), B(a, b) and 68 12  8
x ; y
C(4, –1). 7 7
Since the given points are collinear, the area of 2 20
x ; y
the triangle ABC is 0. [½] 7 7
 2 20 
 The coordinates of P are  ,  [1]
1  7 7 
x1( y 2  y 3 )  x 2 ( y 3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y 2 )  0
2 39. P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A(a + b,
Here, x1 = 2, y1 = 1, x2 = a, y2 = b, x3 = 4, b – a) and B(a – b, a + b).
y3 = –1
 AP = BP
1
 2(b  1)  a( 1  1)  4(1  b )  0
2
[½]   x  (a  b)2   y  (b  a)2
 –2b – 2 – 2a + 4 – 4b = 0
  x  (a  b)2   y  (a  b)2 [1]
 2a + 6b = 2
 [x – (a + b)]2 + [y – (b – a)]2
 a + 3b = 1 ...(i) [1]
= [x – (a – b)]2 + [y – (a + b)]2
Given :
 x2 – 2x(a + b) + (a + b)2
a–b=1 ...(ii)
+ y2 – 2y(b – a) + (b – a)2
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii) we get : = x2 – 2x(a – b) + (a – b)2
4b = 0 + y2 – 2y(a + b) + (a + b)2 [1]
 b=0  –2x(a + b) – 2y(b – a)
Subtracting b = 0 in (ii), we get : = –2x(a – b) – 2y(a + b)
a=1  ax + bx + by – ay = ax – bx + ay + by
Thus, the values of a and b are 1 and 0,  2bx = 2ay
respectively. [1]  bx = ay ....(proved) [1]
38. Here, P(x, y) divides line segment AB, such that 40. m n
P(2, –2) Q(3, 7)
AP 
3
AB R  24 , y 
7  11 
Lets say ratio is m + n
AP 3
 
AB 7 Then
AB 7
  24 , y    3m  2n , 7m  2n 
     [1]
AP 3  11   m  n mn 
AB 7 24 3m  2n 7m  2n
 1 1 [½]  , y
AP 3 11 mn mn

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 37
 24(m + n) = 11(3m + 2n) 1 5( 5  6)  4( 6  7)
Ar(ABC ) 
24m + 24n = 33m + 22n 2 1(7  5)

2n = 9n 1
 5  52  12
2
m 2
   Ratio  2 : 9 [1]
n 9 1
 35
2
m = 2, n = 9
35
72  29  Sq. units [1]
y 2
11
1
4 Ar( ADC )  5( 5  6)  4( 6  7)  1(7  5)
y [1] 2
11
1
41. M is mid-point of diagonals AC and BD  55  52  2
2
Using mid-point formula,
109
(–2, 1) (a, 0) 
2
A B
M
 Area cannot be negative.

109
D C  Ar( ADC )  sq. units [1]
2
(1, 2) (4, b)
35 109 144
 Ar(ABCD)     72 sq. units
 2  4 , 1  b    a  1, 2  0  2 2 3
    [1]
 2 2   2 2  [½]
 2 , 1  b    a  1, 2  43. Let the point on y-axis be P(0, y) which is
   
2 2   2 2 equidistant from the points A(5, –2) and B(–3, 2).
2 a 1 [½]
   a 1 2  a  1 [½]
2 2 We are given that AP = BP
1 b 2
and   1 b  2  b  1 [½] So, AP2 = BP2 [½]
2 2
i.e., (5 – 0)2 + (–2 – y)2 = (–3 – 0)2 + (2 – y)2 [1]
2 2
Side AD  BC  ( 2  1)  (1  2)  25 + y2 + 4 + 4y = 9 + 4 + y2 – 4y
 9  1  10  8y = – 16
 y=–2
Side DC  AB  (1  4)2  (2  1)2
Hence, the required point is (0, –2) [1]
 9  1  10 [1]
44. 1 : 1 : 1
A(2, 1) P Q B(5, –8)
1 x1( y 2  y 3 )  x 2 ( y 3  y1 )
42. Ar( ABC ) 
2  x3 ( y1  y 2 ) Here, AP : PB = 1 : 2 [½]

If A = (x1, y1), B = (x2, y2), C = (x3, y3) are 1 5  2  2 1 8  2  1 
Coordinates of P   , 
vertices of ABC.  1 2 1 2 
A(–5, 7) B(–4, –5)  Coordinates of P = (3, –2) [1]
Since, P lies on the line 2x – y + k = 0 [½]
 2(3) – (–2) + k = 0
D(4, 5) C(–1, –6)  6+2+k=0
Ar(…ABCD) = Ar(ABC) + Ar(ADC) ....(i) [½]  k = –8 [1]
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38 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
45. The given vertices are A(x, y), B(1, 2) and 12  60
 x
C(2, 1). 35
It is know that the area of a triangle whose 72
vertices are (x1, y1), (x2,y2) and (x3, y3) is given  x
8
by
 x=9

1 x2(y2  y3 )  x2(y3  y1) Thus, the value of x is 9 [½]


 Area of ABC  [½]
2 x3(y1  y2 ) Also, the point P divides the line segment
joining the points A(12, 5) and (4, –3) in the
1 x (2  1)  1 (1  y ) 3
 [½] ratio : 1, i.e. 3 : 5. [½]
2 2( y  2) 5
1 47. Take ( x1, y1 )  (1,  1), ( 4, 2k ) and ( k ,  5)
 x  1  y  2y  4 [½]
2 It is given that the area of the triangle is
1 24 sq. unit
 x  y 3 [½]
2 Area of the triangle having vertices ( x1, y 1 ),
(x + y – 3) will be positive ( x 2 , y 2 ) and ( x3 , y 3 ) is given by
Since the area of ABC is given as 6 sq. units. 1
 x1( y 2  y 3 )  x 2 ( y 3  y1 )  x3 ( y1  y 2 ) [1]
1 2
 x  y 3  6 [1]
2 1 1(2k  ( 5))  ( 4)(( 5)
 24  [1]
 x + y – 3 = 12 2 ( 1))  ( k )(( 1)  2k )
 x + y = 15, Proved [1]  48 = |(2k + 5) + 16 + (k + 2k2)|
46. Find the ratio in which the point P(x, 2) divides  2k2 + 3k – 27 = 0
the line segment joining the points A(12, 5) and
 (2k + 9)(k – 3) = 0 [1]
B(4, –3). Also find the value of x. [2014] ...[4]
9
Sol. Let the Point P(x, 2) divide the line segment  k or k  3
joining the points A(12, 5) and B(4, –3) in the 2
ratio k : 1 9
The values of k are  and 3. [1]
Then, the coordinates of P are 2
AD AE 1
 4k  12 , 3k  5  48.  
  [½] AB AC 3
 k 1 k 1 
AB AC
Now, the coordinates of P are (x, 2)   3
AD AE
4k  12 3k  5
  x and 2 [1] AD  DB AE  EC
k 1 k 1   3
AD AE
3k  5
2 DB EC
k 1  1  1 3
AD AE
 –3k + 5 = 2k + 2
DB EC
 5k = 3   2
AD AE
3 AD AE 1
 k [1]   
5 DB EC 2
3 4k  12  AD : DB = AE : EC = 1 : 2 [½]
Substituting k  in  x, we get
5 k 1
So, D and E divide AB and AC respectively in
3 the ratio 1 : 2.
4   12
x 5 [½] By using section formula
3
1
5 The coordinates of D is

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 39
 1  8 , 5  12    3, 17  and 
1
(64)  (49)
   
 1 2 1 2   3  2
Coordinates of E is 1
 (15)
 7  8 , 2  12    5, 14  2
    [1]
 1 2 1 2   3  15
 sq. units ...(ii) [1]
4 3 5 4 2
From (i) and (ii)
6 17 14 6
3 3 5
Ar(ADE ) 5 2 1
  6    [½]
 4  17  3  14  5  6  Ar(ABC ) 15 6 15 9
 
1 3 3  2
Area of ADE 
2  17 14  49. Given A(k + 1, 2k), B(3k, 2k + 3), C(5k – 1, 5k)
3  6  5   4 
 3 3  are collinear.

 68  14  30  If three points are collinear then the area of the


 
1 3  triangle will be zero. For any 3 points (x1, y1),
 (x2, y2), (x3, y3) Area will be
2 85 56 
  18   
 3 3 
1 x1( y 2  y 3 )  x 2 ( y 3  y 1 )
 Area  0 [½]
 68  42  90  2  x3 ( y1  y 2 )
 
1 3 
 1 (k  1)(2k  3  5k )  3k (5k  2k )
2 54  85  56   0
 
[½]
 2  (5k  1)(2k  2k  3)
 3 
0 = |(k + 1)(3 – 3k) + 3k(3k) – 15k + 3|
1 200   195 
   
2 3   3   |–3k2 + 3 + 9k2 + 3 – 15k| = 0

1 5  |6k2 – 15k + 6| = 0 [1]


 
2 3  6k2 – 15k + 6 = 0
5  2k2 – 5k + 2 = 0 [½]
 sq. units ...(i) [1]
6  2k2 – 4k – k + 2 = 0
4 1 7 4
 2k(k – 2) – 1(k – 2) = 0
6 5 2 6  (k – 2)(2k – 1) = 0 [½]
1 (4  5  1 2  7  6) 1
Area of ABC   k  2, [½]
2  (1 6  7  5  4  2) 2
1 1
 (20  2  42)  (6  35  8) Hence the value of k are 2 and [½]
2 2

Chapter - 8 : Introduction to Trigonometry

5 2. sec2(1 + sin)(1 – sin) = k


1. tan A 
12
 sec2(1 – sin2) = k [½]
sin A cos A
(sin A  cos A)sec A   [½]
cos A cos A  sec2 · cos2 = k
= tanA + 1
5 cos2 
 1  k
12 cos2 
17
 [½]
12  k = 1 [½]
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40 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
3. Given 3x = cosec 15
9. cot   [Given]
3 8
 cot 
x (2  2 sin )(1  sin ) 2(1  sin2 )
 [½]
We know that cosec2 – cot2 = 1 (1  cos)(2  2cos ) 2(1  cos 2 )
9 cos 2 
 9x 2  1 [½] 
x2 sin2 
[½]

 1  = cot2 [½]
 9 x2  2   1
 x  2
15 225
    [½]
 1  1  8  64
 3 x2  2   [½]
 x  3 10. Consider an equilateral ABC of side a
4. cos267° – sin223° Draw AD  BC. A
as cos(90° – ) = sin  ABD  ACD
Let  = 23° [½]  BD = DC a 30° a

cos2(90° – 23°) = sin23° 1 60°


 BD  BC B C
cos267° = sin23° 2 a D a
2 2
 cos267° = sin223° 1
 a
2
 cos267° – sin223° = 0 [½]
60
5. tan 2A = cot(A – 24°) and BAD = CAD   30 [1]
2
 cot(90° – 2A) = cot(A – 24°) [½] Using pythagoras
 90° – 2A = A – 24° AD2 = AB2 – BD2
 3A = 114°
a2
 A = 38° [½]  a2 
4
2 2
6. sin 33° + sin 57°
3a 2
2 2 
= sin 33° + cos (90° – 57°) [½] 4
2 2
= sin 33° + cos 33° 3a
AD 
=1 [½] 2
7. sec4A = cosec(A – 20) 3a
AD 2  3
sec4A = sec(90 – (A – 20))  tan60   [1]
BD a
[sec(90 – x) = cosecx] [½] 2
secA = sec(110 – A) sec(90  ).cosec   tan (90  )cot 
4A = 110 – A [½]  cos2 25  cos2 65
11.
5A = 110° [½] 3 tan27  tan63
cosec 2   cot 2    sin(90  25)  cos2 65
A = 22° [½] 2

8. In ABC, C = 90° A 
3tan27  tan63
1 30° [1]
tan A   tan30
3 2
1  sin 65  cos 65 2
60° 
 A = 30° C B 3 cot(90  27) tan 63
 B = 90° – 30° = 60° [1] 2

sinA cosB + cosA sinB = sin30° cos60° + 4cot 63 tan63
cos30° sin60° [∵ cos265° + sin265° = 1]

1 1 3 3 1 3 4 2
       1 [1]  [1]
2 2 2 2 4 4 4 3

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 41
12. A cos58   cos38 cosec 72 
14. 2   3 
 sin32   tan15 tan 60 tan75 
30° ∵ tan75  tan(90  15)  cot15 
 
 tan15 tan75  1, tan 60  3 
60°  
B C
D  sin32  cos58, cos38  sin72 [1]
A = B = C = 60° Substituting the above values in the given
Draw AD  BC expression
In ABD and ACD, sin32   cos 38 sec 38 
 2   3  [1]
AD = AD (common)  sin32   3 
ADB = ADC (90°) =2–1

AB = AC (ABC is equilateral ) =1 [1]

 ABD  ACD 2 2 5
(RHS congruence [1] 15. cosec 2 58  cot 58 tan32 – tan13
criterion) 3 3 3
BD = DC (C.P.C.t) tan37° tan45° tan58°

BAD = CAD (C.P.C.t)


tan32° = tan(90° – 58°) = cot58°
2a 60
BD   a and BAD   30
2 2 1
tan77° = tan(90° – 13°) = cot13° 
In right ABD, tan13
1
BD  Perpendicular  tan53° = tan(90° – 37°) = cot37° 
sin30  ∵ sin    tan37
AB  Hypotenuse 
tan45° = 1 [1]
a
 sin30  Substituting the above values in the given
2a
expression
1 1
 sin30   2 2 2 5
2 sin30  cosec 2 58  cot 2 58 
3 3 3
 cosec 30  2 [1]
 tan13 tan37  1 1 1 
   [1]
13. L.H.S. = (1 + cosA + tanA)(sinA – cosA)  tan37 tan13 
2 5
1 sin A  cosec 2 58  cot 2 58  (1)
  1   tan A    1 cos A [½] 3  3
 tan A   cos A 
2 5
 (1) 
3 3
(1  tan2 A  tan A)(tan A  1)cos A
 [½] [∵ cosec2 – cot2 = 1]
tan A
3
  1 [1]
3
(tan A  1)cos A 3

tan A
tan A cot A
16. L.H.S.  
[∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + b2 + ab)] [1] 1  cot A 1  tan A

= tan2A cosA – cotA cosA tan A cot A


 
 1  1  1  tan A
sin A  
 tan A   cos A  cot A cos A [½]  tan A 
cos A
 tan2 A cot A
  [1]
= sinA tanA – cotA cosA = R.H.S.; Proved [½] 1  tan A 1  tan A
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42 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)

1
 
Now,
  tan2 A  cot A
1  tan A
 4sin   cos   1 
1   tan2 A  1   4sin   cos   1   cos  cos  cos  
   [1]    
1  tan A  tan A   4sin   cos   1  4sin   cos   1  [½]
 cos  cos  cos  
1  tan3 A
 4 tan   1  sec 
tan A(1  tan A) 
4 tan   1  sec 
(1  tan A)(1  tan2 A  tan A)
 5
tan A(1  tan A) 3  1
 4 [½]
[∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + b2 + ab)] 5
3  1
= cotA + tanA + 1 = R.H.S. [1] 4
5
Hence proved. 2
 4 [½]
17. L.H.S. = (cosecA – sinA)(secA – cosA) 5
4
1 1 4
   sin A    cos A 
 sin A   cos A  (8  5)


1  sin A 1  cos A 
2 2  4
(16  5)
sin A cos A 4

cos2 A sin2 A 13
  [½]
sin A cos A 11
19. Given that,
= sinA·cosA ...(i) [1]
tan 2A = cot(A – 18°)
1
R.H.S.   cot(90° – 2A) = cot(A – 18°)
tan A  cot A
[∵ tan = cot(90° – )] [1]
1
  90° – 2A = A – 18° [1]
sin A cos A

cos A sin A  3A = 108°
1
 108
sin2 A  cos 2 A  A
3
sin A  cos A
 A = 36° [1]
sin A  cos A
 [∵ sin2A + cos2A = 1] 20. L.H.S : (sin + cosec)2 + (cos + sec)2
1
= sinA·cosA ...(ii) [1] = sin2 + cosec2 + 2 + cos2 + sec2 + 2
From (i) and (ii) 1 1 
∵ sin   and cos   [1]
L.H.S. = R.H.S.; Hence Proved [1]  cosec sec  
18. Given that, = (sin2 + cos2) + (1 + cot2) + (1 + tan2) + 4
3 9 [∵ cos2 + sin2 = 1]
tan    tan2   [½]
4 16 [1]
We know that,
= 1 + 1 + 1 + 4 + tan2+ cot2
sec2 =1+ tan2
[∵ cosec2 + 1 + cot2 and sec2 = 1 + tan2]
9 25
 sec 2   1   [½]
16 16
= 7 + tan2 + cot2 = R.H.S.
 sec   5 [½]
4 Hence Proved [½]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 43
cos A 1  sin A 1 
21. L.H.S :  1    1    sin A  cos A  1
 sin A sin A   cos A cos A  23. LHS  [½]
sin A  cos A  1
sin A  cos A  1  cos A  sin A  1 
    [½]
 sin A  cos A  tan A  1  sec A

2
(sin A  cos A)  (1) 2 tan A  1  sec A
 [½]
sin A · cos A
(Dividing numerator & denominator by cos A) [½]
sin2 A  cos2 A  2sin A · cos A  1
 [½]
sin A · cos A  tan A  sec A   1

1  2sin A · cos A  1  tan A  sec A   1 [½]
 [∵ sin2A + cos2A = 1]
sin A · cos A
[½]

 tan A  sec A   1  tan A  sec A 
 tan A  sec A   1  tan A  sec A 
[½]
= 2 = R.H.S.
Hence Proved [1]

22. L.H.S. 
sin A  2sin3 A

 tan 2

A  sec 2 A   tan A  sec A 
[½]
3
2cos A  cos A tan A  sec A  1  tan A  sec A 
sin A(1  2sin2 A)
 [1]
cos A(2cos2 A  1) 1  tan A  sec A

2 2 2
 tan A  sec A  1  tan A  sec A  [½]
sin A  sin A  cos A  2sin A 
   [1]
cos A  2cos A  sin A  cos2 A 
2 2
1(tan A  sec A  1)
[∵ sin2A + cos2A = 1]
 [½]
(tan A  sec A  1)(tan A  sec A)
 cos2 A  sin2 A 
 tan A  2 2   [1]
 cos A  sin A  1
  R.H.S. [½]
secA  tan A
= tanA = R.H.S.
Hence proved. [1] Hence Proved.

Chapter - 9 : Some Applications of Trigonometry

1. Answer (C) 2. Answer (B)


C Let AB be the tower and BC be its shadow. Let
 be the angle of elevation of the sun.
According to the given information,
45° A
A B BC  3 AB …(1)
Given AB = 25 m In ABC,
 B
And angle of elevation of the top of the tower C
AB AB 1
(BC) from A = 45° tan     [Using (1)]
BC 3 AB 3
∵ BAC = 45°
1
BC We know that tan 30 
In ABC, tan 45  3
AB
 BC = 25 m   = 30°
 Height of the tower = 25 m Hence, the angle of elevation of the sun is 30°.
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44 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
3. Answer (C) Let AB be the tower and BC be its shadow.
D B
AB  20, BC  20 3

75 m In ABC,

AB
30° A tan  
C BC
Let AB be the tower of height 75 m and C be the
position of the car 20
tan   [½]
In ABC, 20 3

AC 1
cot 30  tan  
AB 3
 AC = ABcot30° 1
But, tan  
 AC  75 m  3 3

 AC  75 3 m   = 30°

Thus, the distance of the car from the base of The Sun is at an altitude of 30°. [½]
the tower is 75 3 m . 6. A
4. Answer (D)
Ladder Wall
A
M B 60°
2.5 m
C
Let AB be the ladder and CA be the wall.
The ladder makes an angle of 60° with the
60°
B N horizontal.
2m  ABC is a 30° – 60° – 90°, right triangle. [½]
In the figure, MN is the length of the ladder,
which is placed against the wall AB and makes Given: BC = 2.5 m, ABC = 60°
an angle of 60° with the ground.  AB = 5 m
The foot of the ladder is at N, which is 2 m away
Hence, length of the ladder is AB = 5 m. [½]
from the wall.
 BN = 2 m
7. T

In right-angled triangle MNB: 30 m


BN 2
cos 60   
MN MN G S
10 3 m
1 2
  Angle of elevation of sun = GST = 
2 MN
 MN = 4 m Height of tower TG = 30 m
Therefore, the length of the ladder is 4 m.
Length of shadow GS  10 3 m [½]
Hence, the correct option is D
5. A TGS is a right angled triangle

30
 tan  
10 3

tan   3 [½]

C B  = 60°

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 45
8. A 10. C
30°
24 - h
30°
A L 24 m
60°
D 45° B
C
h h
Given CD = 100 m, AB = ?

AB B D
In ABC, tan 60  15 m
BC
Let AB and CD be the two poles, where CD
AB (the second pole) = 24 m.
BC  [1]
3 BD = 15 m
BD = AB [∵ tan45° = 1] Let the height of pole AB be h m.
BD – BC = CD AL = BD = 15 m and AB = LD = h

AB So, CL = CD – LD = 24 – h [1]
AB   100 [1]
3 In ACL,
CL
 3  1 tan30 
AB 
   100 AL
 3 
24  h
 tan30 
100 3 15
AB 
3 1 1 24  h
  [1]
AB = 236.98 3 15

AB = 237 m [1] 15
 24  h  5 3
3
9. Given: Position of kite is B.
 h  24  5 3
Height of kite above ground = 45 m
 h = 24 – 5 × 1.732 [Taking 3  1.732 ]
Angle of inclination = 60°
 h = 15.34
Required length of string = AB
Thus, height of the first pole is 15.34 m. [1]
Kite
B 11. Let d be the distance between the two ships.
Suppose the distance of one of the ships from
45 m the light house is x meters, then the distance
[1] of the other ship from the light house is
60° (d – x) meter.
A O O
In right angled triangle AOB, 45° 60°

OB 200 m
sin A 
AB 45° 60°
A x B
D d–x
45
 sin 60  [1] d
AB
In right-angled ADO, we have.
3 45
  OD 200
2 AB tan 45  
AD x
45  2 90
 AB    30 3 m 200
3 3  1
x
Hence, the length of the string is 30 3 m . [1]  x = 200 …(i) [1]

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46 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
In right-angled BDO, we have We know that, the aeroplane moves from point
B to D in 15 seconds and the distance covered
OD 200
tan 60   is 3000 metres.
BD d  x
200 distance
3 Speed 
 time
dx
200 3000
Speed 
 dx  [1] 15
3
Speed 200m/s
Putting x = 200. We have:
18
200 Converting it to km/hr  200   720 km/hr [1]
d  200  5
3
13. D
200
d  200
3
 d = 200 × 1.58 h
 d = 316 m (approx.) [1]
Thus, the distance between two ships is 60°
approximately 316 m. A x E
12. Let BC be the height at watch the aeroplane is 10 m
B 30°
observed from point A. x C
Then, BC  1500 3 Let CD be the hill and suppose the man is
In 15 seconds, the aeroplane moves from point standing on the deck of a ship at point A.
B to D. The angle of depression of the base C of the hill
B and D are the points where the angles of CD observed from A is 30° and the angle of
elevation 60° and 30° are formed respectively. [1] elevation of the top D of the hill CD observed
from A is 60°.
Let AC = x metres and CE = y metres
 EAD = 60° and BCA = 30° [1]
AE = x + y
In AED,
B D
DE
tan60 
° EA
60
30° h
A x y E 3
C x
In CBA,
h  3x …(i)
BC In ABC,
tan 60 
AC
AB
tan30 
1500 3 BC
3 [1]
x 1 10
 x = 1500 m …(i) 
3 x
In ADE,
x  10 3 …(ii) [1]
DE
tan30  Substituting x  10 3 in equation (i), we get
AE
1 1500 3 h  3  10 3  10  3  30

3 xy DE = 30 m
 x + y = 1500 × (3) = 4500 CD = CE + ED = 10 + 30 = 40 m
 1500 + y = 4500 Thus, the distance of the hill from the ship is
 y = 3000 m …(ii) 10 3 m and the height of the hill is 40 m. [1]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 47
14. T 1 80  x
 
3 x
 x = 240 – 3x

 4x = 240 [1]
D C F
Given CF = 4 m  x = 60 m
DF = 16 m From (i),
TCF + TDF = 90° 1 h

Let say TCF =  [1] 3 x
TDF = 90° –  60
 h  20 3 m
In a right angled triangle TCF 3
TF TF Thus, the height of both the poles is 20 3 m
tan   
CF 4 and the distances of the point from the poles
TF = 4tan ...(i) are 60 m and 20 m. [1]
In TDF 16. Let AB be the building and CD be the tower.

TF C
tan(90  )  [1]
16 30°
A E
TF = 16cot ...(ii) 60°
Multiply (i) and (ii), we get
(TF)2 = 64  TF = 8 m
60 m
 Height of tower = 8 m [1]
60°
15. Let AC and BD be the two poles of the same B D
height h m. In right ABD,
C D AB
 tan60
BD
60
30° 60°   3
A B BD
P
Given AB = 80 m 60
 BD  [2]
Let AP = x m, therefore, PB = (80 – x) m 3
In APC,  BD  20 3
AC In right ACE,
tan30  [1]
AP CE
 tan30
1 h AE
 …(i)
3 x CE 1
  ( AE = BD)
In BPD, AE 3
BD 20 3
tan60   CE   20
PB
3
h
3 …(ii) [1] Height of the tower = CE + ED = CE + AB =
80  x 20 m + 60 m = 80 m
Dividing (ii) by (ii), we get
Difference between the heights of the tower and
1 h the building = 80 m – 60 m = 20 m
3  x Distance between the tower and the building
3 h
 BD  20 3 m [2]
80  x
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48 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
17. C 18. Q
h
A 30° M
60° h M 45° Y
20 m 20 m
P B 40 m
P 60° X
h + 20 MP = YX = 40 m
 QM = h – 40
C In right angled QMY,
Let PB be the surface of the lake and A be the
QM h  40
point of observation such that tan 45   1 …(MY = PX) [1]
MY PX
AP = 20 metres. Let C be the position of the  PX = h – 40 ...(i)
cloud and C be its reflection in the lake.
In right angled QPX,
Then CB = CB. Let AM be perpendicular from
QP QP
A on CB. [1] tan60   3
PX PX
Then mCAM = 30° and mCAM = 60°
h
Let CM = h. Then, CB = h + 20 and CB = h + 20. PX  ...(ii) [1]
3
In CMA we have, From (i) and (ii), we get
CM h
tan30 
AM h – 40 =
3
1 h
   3h  40 3  h
3 AM
 3h  h  40 3 [1]
 AM  3h …(i) [1]
 1.73h – h = 40(1.73)  h = 94.79 m
In AMC we have,
Thus, PQ is 94.79 m and PX = 94.79 ÷ 1.73
CM = 54.79 m [1]
tan60 
AM
19. X A Y
CB  BM 45°
 3 30°
AM
h  20  20
 3
AM
P 30° 45° Q
h  20  20 B
 AM  …(ii) [1]
3 Given aeroplane is at height of 300 m
From equation (i) and (ii), we get  AB = 300 m and XY || PQ
h  20  20 Angles of depression of the two points P and Q
3h 
3 are 30° and 45° respectively. [1]
 3h = h + 40 XAP = 30° and YAQ = 45°

 2h = 40 XAP = APB = 30°

 h = 20 m [Alternate interior angles]


YAQ = AQB = 45° [1]
h
In CMA, sin30   CA = 40 m In PAB,
CA
Hence, the distance of the cloud from the AB
tan30 
point A is 40 metres. [1] PB
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 49
PB  300 3 m [1] 100 3
 QR  m ...(i) [1]
In BAQ, 3
In PQS,
AB
tan 45  PQ
BQ tan30 
QS
BQ = 300 m
1 100
 Width of the river = PB + BQ  
3 QS
= 300(1+ 3) m [1]
 QS  100 3 m [1]
20. Let ships are at distance x from each other.
 RS = QS – QR =
P
100 3 200 3
100 3   [1]
100 m 3 3
Distance
Speed =
Time
45° 30° B
O y A x 200 3 100 3
= 
In APO 32 3

100 = 57.73 (approx.) (Using 3  1.732)


tan 45  1  y = 100 m …(i) [1]
y = 57.73 m/min [1]
In POB 22. B C
OP 100 1
tan30    [1]
OB x  y 3 3600 3 m

xy
3 A
100 E D

x  y  100 3 …(ii) [1] Height of aeroplane (CD) = 3600 3 m = BE


BAD = 60° and CAD = 30°
x  100 3  y  100 3  100  100( 3  1)
In ABE
 x = 100(1.732 – 1)
BE
= 100 × 0.732 tan60  [1]
AE
= 73.2 m
BE
 Ships are 73.2 meters apart. [1] AE 
tan 60
21. Let the light house be PQ and the boat changes AE = 3600 m [∵ BE  3600 3 m] [1]
its position from R to S.
In ACD
Here, PQ = 100 m, PRQ = 60° and PSR = 30°.
CD
P tan30 
AD
100 m 3600 3
AD 
1
S 30° 60° Q
R 3
In PQR, AD = 10800 m [1]

PQ 100  BC = AD – AE = 10800 – 3600 [1]


tan60  
QR QR BC = 7200 m

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50 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)

distance 24. D
Speed of aeroplane  [1]
time
h
7200
  240 m/s
30 60°
A E
45°
Speed (in km/hr) = 864 km/hour [1]
7m 7m
23. C
B C
h Let AB be the building and CD be the tower such
that EAD = 60° and EAC = ACB = 45° [1]
D Now, in triangle ABC, tan 45° = 1 = AB/BC

3125 m So, AB = AE = 7 m [1]


Again in triangle AED,
60° 30°
A B
tan 60  3  DE /AE [1]
Let the distance between the two planes be h m.
So, DE  AE 3  7 3 [1]
Given that: AD = 3125 m and
 h7 3m [1]
ABC = 60° [1]

ABD = 30° Height of tower  h  7  7(1  3) m [1]

In ABD, 25. A
(h – 10)
AD
tan30  D 30°
AB E

1 3125 10 10

3 AB
60°
C B
 AB  3125 3 ...(i) [1]
Height of the tower (AB) = h
ABC
Given CD =10 m and BC = ED
AC
tan60  BE = CD = 10 m [1]
AB
h
AD  DC In ABC, tan 60  [1]
3 [1] BC
AB
h
3125  h BC  [1]
3 3
AB
In ADE,
3125  h
 AB  ...(ii) [1]
3 h  10
tan30  [1]
ED
Equating equation (i) and (ii), we have
ED  (h  10) 3
3125  h
 3125 3
3 h
  (h  10) 3 [1]
3
h = 3125 × 3 – 3125 [1]
2
h = 6250 10  h
3
Hence, distance between the two planes is
h  15 m [1]
6250 m. [1]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 51
26. D In right triangle ABC,
50 50 1
 tan30    AB  50 3 [2]
30° C AB AB 3
h In right triangle BAD,
50 m h h
 tan 60   3  h  3 AB [2]
AB AB
30° 60°
A B  h  3(50 3)  150 m
Let the height of hill be h. Hence, the height of hill is 150 m. [2]

Chapter - 10 : Circles

1. A  It is an isosceles triangle
 OPQ = OQP
In POQ,
R Q
POQ + OPQ + OQP = 180°
POQ + 2OPQ = 180°
B C OPQ = 55° [½]
P
Given BR = 3 cm, AR = 4 cm & AC = 11 cm We know that OP  PT
BP = BR  OPT = 90°
AR = AQ OPT = TPQ + OPQ
CP = CQ 90° = TPQ + 55°
(Lengths of tangents to circle from external point TPQ = 35° [½]
will be equal)
3. Answer (C)
 AQ = 4 cm and BP = 3 cm [½]
B
As AC = 11 cm
QC + AQ = 11 cm
A 40° O
 QC = 7 cm
 PC = 7 cm
C
We know BC = BP + PC
AB and AC are the tangents drawn from external
 BC = 3 + 7
point A to the circle.
BC = 10 cm [½]
 OB  AB  OBA = 90°
2. Answer (D)
OC  AC  OCA = 90°

P ABCD is a quadrilateral in which sum of opposite


angles is 180°
T
70° i.e.; OBA + OCA = 180° [½]
O
 ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
Q
 BAC + BOC = 180°

Given POQ = 70° BOC = 180° – 40°

In POQ, OP = OQ (radii) BOC  140 [½]

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52 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
4. Answer (A) 6. Answer (B)
It is known that the tangents from an external AP  PB (Given)
point to the circle are equal.
CA  AP, CB  BP (Since radius is perpendicular
 EK = EM, DK = DH and FM = FH ...(i) [½] to tangent)
Perimeter of EDF = ED + DF + FE
AC = CB = radius of the circle [½]
= (EK – DK) + (DH + HF) + (EM – FM)
Therefore, APBC is a square having side equal
= (EK – DH) + (DH + HF) + (EM – FH) to 4 cm.
[Using (i)]
Therefore, length of each tangent is 4 cm. [½]
= EK + EM
7. Answer (B)
= 2 EK = 2 (9 cm) = 18 cm
Hence, the perimeter of EDF is 18 cm. [½] Q
P R
5. Answer (A)
Given: AB, BC, CD and AD are tangents to the
T
circle with centre O at Q, P, S and R
respectively. AB = 29 cm,
AD = 23, DS = 5 cm and B = 90°
Construction: Join PQ.
It is known that the length of the tangents drawn
A from an external point to a circle is equal.
R
D  QP = PT = 3.8 cm ...(i)

r PR = PT = 3.8 cm ...(ii)
S O Q
r From equations (i) and (ii), we get :
QP = PR = 3.8 cm [½]
C B
P
Now, QR = QP + PR
We know that, the lengths of the tangents
drawn from an external point to a circle are = 3.8 cm + 3.8 cm
equal. = 7.6 cm
DS = DR = 5 cm
Hence, the correct option is B. [½]
 AR = AD – DR = 23 cm – 5 cm = 18 cm
8. Answer (B)
AQ = AR = 18 cm
 QB = AB – AQ = 29 cm – 18 cm = 11 cm Q
QB = BP = 11 cm
In PQB, 46º P
O
PQ 2 = QB 2 + BP 2 = (11 cm) 2 + (11 cm) 2 =
2 × (11 cm)2

PQ  11 2 cm ...(i) [½] R

In OPQ, Given: •QPR = 46°


PQ2 = OQ2 + OP2 = r2 + r2 = 2r2 PQ and PR are tangents.
(11 2)2  2r 2 Therefore, the radius drawn to these tangents
will be perpendicular to the tangents.
121 = r2
r = 11 So, we have OQ  PQ and OR  RP.

Thus, the radius of the circle is 11 cm. [½]  OQP = ORP = 90° [½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 53
So, in quadrilateral PQOR, we have 11. B
OQP + QPR + PRO + ROQ = 360° a
 90° + 46° + 90° + ROQ = 360° P 30° O
30°
 ROQ = 360° – 226° = 134° a
Hence, the correct option is B. [½] A
9. Q Given that BPA = 60°
OB = OA = a [radii]
O PA = PB [length of tangents are equal]
R
OP = OP [Common]

P T
 PBO and PAO are congruent. [½]
OPT = 90° [By SSS criterion of congruency]
(radius is perpendicular to the tangent) 60
 BPO  OPA   30
So, OPQ = OPT – QPT 2
a 1
= 90° – 60° In PBO, sin30   (∵ OBBP)
OP 2
= 30°
OP = 2a units [½]
POQ = 180° – 2QPO = 180° – 60° = 120°

R
12.
Reflex POQ = 360° – 120° = 240° [½]

B
1
PRQ  reflexPOQ
2

Q
S

1
  240
2
D

A
= 120°
P

 PRQ = 120° [½] Given a parallelogram PQRS in which a circle is


10. P inscribed

C We know PQ = RS
QR = PS [½]
°
30

Q
30° DP = PA ...(i)
A B
O
(tangents to the circle from external
point have equal length)
In ACO, Similarly,
OA = OC [Radii of the same circle] QA = BQ ...(ii)
 ACO is an isosceles triangle. BR = RC ...(iii)

CAB = 30° [Given] DS = CS ...(iv)

 CAO = ACO = 30° [½] Adding above four equations, [½]


DP + BQ + BR + DS = PA + QA + RC + CS
[angles opposite to equal sides
of an isosceles triangle are equal] (DP + DS) + (BQ + BR) = (PA + QA) + (RC + CS)
PCO = 90° [½]

[radius drawn at the point of contact 2QR = 2(PQ)


is perpendicular to the tangent]  PQ = QR
Now PCA = PCO – ACO  PQ = QR = RS = QS
 PCA = 90° – 30° = 60° [½]  PQRS is a rhombus [½]
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54 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
13. R In right angled triangle OBP,
D C
OP2 = OB2 + BP2
S Q  BP2 = OP2 – OB2

B = 172 – 52 = 289 – 25 = 264 [½]


A
P
AB = 6 cm  BP 2 = 264  BP  2 66 cm [½]

BC = 9 cm 15. Given : ABC is an isosceles triangle, where


AB = AC, circumscribing a circle.
CD = 8 cm
To prove : The point of contact P bisects the
AB, BC, CD, AD, are tangents to the circle
base BC.
And AP = AS, RD = DS,
i.e. BP = PC
BP = BQ and
Proof : It can be observed that
CQ = CR [½]
BP and BR; CP and CQ; AR and AQ are pairs
Also AB = AP + BP ...(i) of tangents drawn to the circle from the external
BC = BQ + QC ...(ii) points B, C and A respectively.
CD = RC + DR ...(iii) So, applying the theorem that the tangents
drawn from an external point to a circle are
AD = AS + DS ...(iv) [½]
equal, we get
Adding (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), we have
BP = BR …(i)
6 + 9 + 8 + AD = AP + AS + BP + BQ + CQ
CP = CQ …(ii)
+ RC + RD + DS [½]
AR = AQ …(iii) [½]
23 + AD = 2(AP) + 2(BP) + 2(RC) + 2(RD)
Given that AB = AC
23 + AD = 2(AB) + 2(CD)
 AR + BR = AQ + CQ [½]
AD  5 cm [½]
 BR = CQ [from (iii)]
14. Given : Tangents PA and PB are drawn from an  BP = CP [from (i) and (ii)] [½]
external point P to two concentric circles with
centre O and radii OA = 8 cm, OB = 5 cm  P bisects BC.
respectively. Also, AP = 15 cm Hence proved. [½]
To find : Length of BP 16.
Construction : We join the points O and P.

A O
A C B
P
O
Given : AB is chord to larger circle and tangent
to smaller circle at C concentric to it.
B
To prove : AC = BC
Solution : OA  AP; OB  BP
Construction : Join OC [1]
[Using the property that radius is perpendicular
Proof : OC  AB [½]
to the tangent at the point of contact of a circle]
(∵ Radius is perpendicular to
In right angled triangle OAP,
tangent at point of contact)
OP2 = OA2 + AP2 [Using Pythagoras Theorem]
 AC = BC [½]
= (8)2 + (15)2 = 64 + 225 = 289 [½]
(∵ Perpendicular from
 OP = 17 cm [½] centre bisects the chord)
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 55
17. Given : AB = 12 cm, BC = 8 cm and AC = 10 cm. 19. Let us draw the circle with extent point P and
two tangents PQ and PR.
Let, AD = AF = x cm, BD = BE = y cm and
CE = CF = z cm

(Tangents drawn from an external point Q


to the circle are equal in length) 60°
P O
 2(x + y + z) = AB + BC + AC = AD + DB
+ BE + EC + AF + FC = 30 cm [½] R

 x + y + z = 15 cm
We know that the radius is perpendicular to the
AB = AD + DB = x + y = 12 cm [½]
tangent at the point of contact.
 z = CF = 15 - 12 = 3 cm  OQP = 90° [½]
AC = AF + FC = x + z = 10 cm We also know that the tangents drawn to a
circle from an external point are equally inclined
 y = BE = 15 – 10 = 5 cm [½]
to the line joining the centre to that point.
 x = AD = x + y + z – z – y = 15 – 3 – 5
 QPO = 60° [½]
= 7 cm [½]
Now, in QPO,
18. Let XBY and PCQ be two parallel tangents to a
circle with centre O. PQ
cos 60  [½]
PO
Construction : Join OB and OC.
1 PQ
Draw OA || XY  
2 PO
X B Y  2PQ = PO [½]
20.
A O
P

P C Q O R

Now, XB || AO
Q
 XBO + •AOB = 180° [½]

(Sum of adjacent Given that PRQ = 120°


interior angles is 180°)
We know that the line joining the centre and the
Now, XBO = 90° external point is the angle bisector of angle
between the tangents.
(A tangent to a circle is perpendicular
to the radius through the point of contact) Thus,

 90° + AOB = 180° 120


PRO  QRO   60 [½]
2
 AOB = 180° – 90° = 90° [½]
Also we know that lengths of tangents from an
Similarly , AOC = 90° external point are equal.
AOB + AOC = 90° + 90° = 180° [½] Thus, PR = RQ.

Hence, BOC is a straight line passing through O. Join OP and OQ.

Thus, the line segment joining the points of Since OP and OQ are the radii from the
contact of two parallel tangents of a circle centre O,
passes through its centre. [½] OP  PR and OQ  RQ. [½]
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56 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Thus, OPR and OQR are right angled x2 + 15x – 54 = 0 [½]
congruent triangles. x2 + 18x – 3x – 54 = 0
Hence, POR = 90° – PRO = 90° – 60° = 30° x(x + 18) – 3(x + 18)
QOR = 90° – QRO = 90° – 60° = 30° [½] (x + 18)(x – 3) = 0
1 As distance cannot be negative, x = 3 cm
sin QRO  sin30 
2 AC = 3 + 9 = 12 cm
PR 1 AB = AF + FB = 6 + x = 6 + 3 = 9 cm [½]

OR 2 22. Since tangents drawn from an exterior point to
Thus,  OR = 2PR a circle are equal in length,
 OR = PR + PR AP = AS ...(i)
 OR = PR + QR [½] BP = BQ ...(ii)
21. A CR = CQ ...(iii)
DR = DS ...(iv) [½]
x x
Adding equations (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
E
F AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS [½]

6 cm 9 cm  (AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)


O
[½]
B C  AB + CD = AD + BC
6 cm D 9 cm
Let the given circle touch the sides AB and AC  AB + CD = BC + DA [Proved] [½]
of the triangle at points F and E respectively and 23. T
let the length of line segment AF be x.
Now, it can be observed that:
60°

Q 30°
O P
BF = BD = 6 cm (tangents from point B) 2r
CE = CD = 9 cm (tangents from point C)
AE = AF = x (tangents from point A) S
AB = AF + FB = x + 6 In the given figure,
BC = BD + DC = 6 + 9 = 15 OP = 2r [Given]
CA = CE + EA = 9 + x [½] OTP = 90°
2s = AB + BC + CA = x + 6 + 15 + 9 + x = [radius drawn at the point of contact
30 + 2x is perpendicular to the tangent]
s = 15 + x In OTP,

s – a = 15 + x – 15 = x OT r 1
sin OPT     sin30
s – b = 15 + x – (x + 9) = 6 OP 2r 2
OPT = 30°
s – c = 15 + x – (6 + x) = 9
TOP = 60° [½]
Area of ABC  s(s  a )(a  b )(s  c ) [½]
 OTP is a 30° – 60° – 90°, right triangle.
54  (15  x )( x )(6)(9) In OTS,
OT = OS [Radii of the same circle]
54  3 6(15 x  x 2 )
 OTS is an isosceles triangle.
18  6(15 x  x 2 )  OTS = OST [½]
324 = 6(15x + x2) [Angles opposite to equal sides
54 = 15x + x2 of an isosceles triangle are equal]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 57
In OTQ and OSQ For the circle AS & AP are tangents
OS = OT [Radii of the same circle]  AS = AP ...(i)
OQ = OQ
Similarly,
[side common to both triangles]
BP = BQ ...(ii) [½]
OTQ = OSQ
[angles opposite to equal sides of CQ = CR ...(iii)
an isosceles triangle are equal] RD = DS ...(iv) [½]
 OTQ = OSQ [By S.A.S] [½]
Now, AB + CD = AP + PB + CR + RD ...(v)
 TOQ = SOQ = 60° [C.A.C.T]
and BC + AD = BQ + QC + DS + AS ...(vi) [½]
 TOS = 120°
BC + AD = BP + CR + RD + AP using (i), (i),
[TOS = TOQ + SOQ
(iii), (iv)
= 60° + 60° = 120°]
 AB + CD = BC + AD [Using (v)]
 OTS + OST = 180° – 120° = 60°
 OTS = OST = 60° ÷ 2 = 30° [½] Hence proved [½]

24. 26. P
O x x
B

A V U
6c O
m cm
6
12 cm 9 cm
6 cm

P Q R
T
AB is the chord 12 cm 9 cm
We know that OA = OB [radii] ar(PQR) = ar(POQ) + ar(QOR) + ar(POR)
OBP = OAP = 90° 1 1 1
 189   OV  PQ   OT  QR   OU  PR
Join OP and OP = OP [Common] [½] 2 2 2
By RHS congruency [½]
OBP  OAP [½] 1
189   6(PQ  QR  PR)  3(PQ  QR  PR) [½]
 By CPCT, BP = AP [½] 2
In ABP BP = AP (∵ OT = OV = OU = 6 cm)

Angles opposite to equal sides are equal  189 = 3(x + 12 + 12 + 9 + 9 + x)

 BAP = ABP [½] [∵ PV = PU = x, QT = 12 cm and RT = RU


= 9 cm as tangents from external point to a
Hence proved.
circle are equal] [½]
25. C  63 = 24 + 18 + 2x
R  2x = 21
Q
D 21
B  x  PV  PU [½]
2
S P
21 45
A  PQ  PV  QV  12   cm [½]
2 2
ABCD is the Quadrilateral
21 39
Circle touches the sides at P, Q, R, S and PR  PU  UR  9   cm [½]
2 2
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58 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
27. A circle with centre O touches the sides AB, BC,  (5)2 = (4)2 + OM 2
CD, and DA of a quadrilateral ABCD at the
 OM = 3 cm [½]
points P, Q, R
and S respectively. In OPT and OPM,

To Prove : AOB + COD = 180° MOP  TOP [Common angles]


and AOD + BOC = 180° OMP   OPT [Each 90°]
D R  POT ~ MOP [By AA similarity] [½]
C
7 TP OP
8O 6 
5  [½]
S 1 MP OM
2 34 Q
45
A B  TP  [½]
P 3
CONSTRUCTION [∵ OP = 5 cm, PM = 4 cm, MO = 3 cm]
Join OP, OQ, OR and OS.
20 2
 TP   6 cm [½]
Proof : Since the two tangents drawn from an 3 3
external point to a circle subtend equal angles
at the centre. 29.

 1 = 2, 3 = 4, 5 = 6 and 7 =  8 O


Now, 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + Y X
8 = 360° [½] P Q
[Sum of all the angles Given : A circle with centre O and a tangent XY
subtended at a point is 360°] to the circle at a point P [½]
 2(2 + 3 + 6 + 7) = 360° and To Prove : OP is perpendicular to XY.
2(1 + 8 + 4 + 5) = 360° [½] Construction : Take a point Q on XY other than
 (2 + 3) + (6 + 7) = 180° and P and join OQ. [½]

(1 + 8) + (4 + 5) = 180° [1] Proof : Here the point Q must lie outside the
circle as if it lies inside the tangent XY will
and 2 + 3 = AOB, 6 + 7 = COD
become secant to the circle. [½]
1 + 8 = AOD and 4 + 5 = BOC [½]
Therefore, OQ is longer than the radius OP of
 AOB + COD = 180° and AOD + BOC the circle, That is, OQ > OP. [1]
= 180°
This happens for every point on the line XY
Hence, proved [½]
except the point P. [½]
28. Join OT which bisects PQ at M and
So OP is the shortest of all the distances of the
perpendicular to PQ
point O to the points on XY. [½]
P And hence OP is perpendicular to XY. [½]
5 cm
4 cm Hence, proved.
T O
M
4 cm
30. Given : l and m are two parallel tangents to the
circle with centre O touching the circle at A and
Q B respectively. DE is a tangent at the point C,
In OPM, which intersects l at D and m at E.

OP2 = PM2 + OM2 [By Pythagoras Theorem] To prove: DOE = 90°

[½] Construction: Join OC.

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 59
Proof: OP = OP [common]
A D  AOP  BOP [1]
l
[by R.H.S. congruence criterion]
O  AP = BP [1]
C
[corresponding parts of
congruent triangles]
m
B E
Hence, the length of the tangents drawn from an
In ODA and ODC,
external point to a circle are equal. [½]
OA = OC [Radii of the same circle]
32. In the figure, C is the midpoint of the minor arc
AD = DC PQ, O is the centre of the circle and
(Length of tangents drawn from an AB is tangent to the circle through point C.
external point to a circle are equal]
We have to show the tangent drawn at the
DO = OD [Common side] midpoint of the arc PQ of a circle is parallel to
ODA  ODC [SSS congruence criterion] the chord joining the end points of the arc PQ.

[1] We will show PQ || AB. [½]

 DOA = COD ...(i) [½] It is given that C is the midpoint point of the
arc PQ.
Similarly, OEB  OEC [½]
So, arc PC = arc CQ. [½]
 EOB = COE ...(ii) [½]
 PC = CQ
Now, AOB is a diameter of the circle. Hence, it
is a straight line.
DOA + COD + COE + EOB = 180° [½]
O
From (i) and (ii), we have:
P Q
2COD + 2COE = 180° [½]
 COD + COE = 90° A C B
This shows that PQC is an isosceles triangle.
 DOE = 90°
[½]
Hence, proved. [½]
31. Let AP and BP be the two tangents to the circle Thus, the perpendicular bisector of the side PQ
with centre O. of PQC passes through vertex C.
The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes
A
through the centre of the circle. [½]
P O So the perpendicular bisector of PQ passes
through the centre O of the circle. [½]

B Thus perpendicular bisector of PQ passes


To Prove : AP = BP through the points O and C.

Proof : [½]  PQ  OC [½]

In AOP and BOP, AB is the tangent to the circle through the


point C on the circle.
OA = OB [radii of the same circle]
 AB  OC [½]
OAP = OBP = 90° [1]
The chord PQ and the tangent AB of the circle
[since tangent at any point of
are perpendicular to the same line OC.
a circle is perpendicular to the
radius through the point of contact]  PQ || AB. [½]

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60 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
33. AO' = O'X = XO = OC [½] 35.
P
[Since the two circles are equal.]
So, OA = AO' + O'X + XO T O

 OA = 3O'A [1]
Q
In AO'D and AOC,
Given : PT and TQ are two tangents drawn from
DAO' = CAO [Common angle]
an external point T to the circle C(O, r).
ADO' = ACO [Both measure 90°] [½]
To prove : PT = TQ
ADO' ~ ACO [By AA test of similarity] [1]
Construction: Join OT. [½]
DO ' O ' A O ' A 1
   [1] Proof : We know that a tangent to circle is
CO OA 3O ' A 3 perpendicular to the radius through the point of
34. X P A Y contact.
 OPT = OQT = 90°
In OPT and OQT,
O
C OT = OT [Common] [½]
OP = OQ [Radius of the circle] [½]
X Q B Y
OPT = OQT = 90°
To prove : AOB = 90°
 OPT OQT [RHS congruence criterion]
In AOC and AOP,
[½]
OA = OA [Common]
 PT = TQ [CPCT] [½]
OP = OC [radii] [½]
 The lengths of the tangents drawn from an
ACO = APO [right angle] external point to a circle are equal. [½]
 AOC  AOP (By RHS congruency) Now,
[½]
A
By CPCT, AOC = AOP ...(i) [½]
Similarly In BOC and BOQ
OC = OQ [radii]
R Q
OB = OB [Common] [½]
and BCO = BQO = 90°
B C
By RHS congruency, BOC  BOQ [½] P

By CPCT, BOC = BOQ ...(ii) [½] We know that the tangents drawn from an
exterior point to a circle are equal in length.
PQ is a straight line
 AR = AQ (Tangents from A) ...(i) [½]
 AOP + AOC + BOC + BOQ = 180°
BP = BR (Tangents from B) ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we have [½]
CQ = CP (Tangents from C) ...(iii) [½]
2(AOC + BOC) = 180°
Now, the given triangle is isosceles (∵ AB = AC)
180
AOB  Subtract AR from both sides, we get
2
 AOB = 90° [½] AB – AR = AC – AR [½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 61
 AB – AR = AC – AQ [Using (ii)] [½]  The lengths of the tangents drawn from an
BR = CQ external point to a circle are equal. [½]
 BP = CP (Using (ii), (iii)] [½] C
R
So BP = CP, shows that BC is bisected at the
point of contact. [½] D Q
36. PT and TQ are two tangent drawn from an
external pant T to the circle C(O, r) S B
P
P A
Let AB touches the circle at P. BC touches the
T O circle at Q. DC touches the circle at R.AD.
touches the circle at S. [½]
Q Then, PB = QB ( Length of the tangents drawn
To prove : PT = TQ from the external point are always equal)
Construction : Join OT [½] Similarly,QC = RC  [½]
Proof: We know that, a tangent to circle is
AP = AS
perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact [½] DS = DR [½]
 OPT = OQT = 90° [½] Now,
In OPT and OQT, AB + CD
OT = OT [Common]
= AP + PB + DR + RC [½]
OP = OQ [Radius of the circle] [½]
= AS + QB + DS + CQ [½]
OPT = OQT = 90°
= AS + DS + QB + CQ
 OPT OQT [RHS congruence criterion]
[½] = AD + BC

 PT = TQ [CPCT] Hence, Proved [½]

Chapter - 11 : Constructions

1. Given a line segment AB = 7 cm  The desired point is P which divides AB in


3 : 2.
A B
P 2. C
Given
4 cm
AP 3 AP 3
    5 AP  3 AP  3PB
AB 5 AP  PB 5
A B
5 cm
 2AP = 3PB
Steps :
AP 3
  [1] 1) Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm, Draw a
PB 2 ray SA making 90° with it.
P
A B 2) Draw an arc with radius 4 cm to cut ray SA
A1 at C. Join BC to form ABC.
A2
A3 [1]
A4 3) Draw a ray AX making an acute angle with
A5
X AB, opposite to vertex C.
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62 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
4) Locate 5 points (as 5 is greater in 5 and 3), 6. Join B 4 C and now draw a line from B 3
A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , on line segment AX parallel to B4C so that it cuts BC at C
such that AA = A1A2 = A2A3 = A3A4 = A4A5 7. From C draw a line parallel to AC and cuts
5) Join A3B. Draw a line through A5 parallel to AB at A
A3B intersecting line segment AB at B. 8. A'BC' is the required triangle [1]
6) Through B, draw a line parallel to BC 4. A
intersecting extended line segment AC at
C. AB'C' is the required triangle. [1]

C 45° 30°
B 8 cm C
Steps :
C
S 1) Draw a ABC with BC = 8 cm, B = 45° &
4 cm C = 30°
R Q
2) Draw a ray BX making acute angle with BC
A P 5 cm B B on the opposite side of vertex A
A1 [2] 3) Mark four points B1, B2, B3, B4 on BX such
A2 that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4
A3
A4 4) Join B4C and draw a line parallel to B4C
A5 from B3 such that it cuts BC at C.
x 5) Form C draw another line parallel to AC
3. C such that it cuts AC at A. [1]
6) ABC is the required triangle.
8 cm
A
B A
6 cm
A
Given ABC which is a right angled triangle
B = 90° 45° C 30°
B 8 cm C
Steps :
B1
B2
1. Draw line segment BC = 8 cm, draw a ray B3
BX making an angle 90° with BC B4
[2]
x
2. Draw an arc with radius 6 cm from B so that 5. Pair of a circle with radius = 3 cm inclined to
it cuts BX at A each other with angle 60°
3. Now join AC to form ABC B
X
P 60° O
A
A A
6 cm If APB = 60°
8 cm
B C [2] [As AOBP is a cyclic quadrilateral]
C
B1 Then AOB = 180 – 60°
B2
B3
Y B4 = 120° [½]
4. Draw a ray BY by making an acute angle Tangents can be constructed in the following
with BC, opposite to vertex A manner:

5. Locate 4 points B1, B2, B3, B4, on BY such Step 1


that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4 Draw a circle of radius 3 cm with center O.
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 63
Step 2 8) From C draw a line parallel to AC such
Take a point A on the circumference of the circle that it cuts AB at A thus ABC is the
and join OA. Draw a perpendicular to OA at required triangle [1]
point A. AB AB BC 5
   
Step 3 AB AC BC 3
Draw a radius OB, making an angle of 120° with 7. It is given that A = 105°, C = 30°.
OA.
Using angle sum property of triangle, we get,
Step 4 B = 45°
Draw a perpendicular to OB at point B. Let both The steps of construction are as follows:
the perpendicular intersect at point P. PA and PB
are the required tangents at an angle of 60°. [1] 1. Draw a line segment BC = 6 cm.
2. At B, draw a ray BX making an angle of 45°
P with BC.
°
60

3. At C, draw a ray CY making an angle of 30°


B
with BC. Let the two rays meet at point A.
4. Below BC, make an acute angle CBZ.
A 60° 120°
O A [1½]
5. Along BZ mark three points B1, B2, B3 such
that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3.
6. Join B3C.
6. 7. From B2, draw B2C || B3C.
A
8. From C draw CA || CA, meeting BA at the
3 cm 5 cm point A. [1]
Then ABC is the required triangle.
B C
4 cm
x X

A Y
A
A A
3 cm

C 45° 30°
B 4 cm C B 6 cm C C [2]
B1 B1
B2
B3 B B2
4
B5 y [2] B3 Z
Steps :
8.
1) Draw BC = 4 cm
2) Draw a ray BX such that XBY = 90°
A
3) Take compass with radius 3 cm and draw an
4
arc from B cutting BX at A P 2 O
M
4) Join A and C to from ABC [2]
B
5) Draw a ray BY opposite side of A such that
CBY is acute angle
6) Along BY mark 5 equidistant points B1, B2,
B3, B4, B5 such that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = Steps of construction :
B3B4 = B4B5 1. Draw two concentric circle with centre O and
7) Join B5 to C and draw a line parallel to B5C radii 4 cm and 6 cm. Take a point P on the
from B3 such that it cuts BC at C outer circle and then join OP.
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64 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
2. Draw the perpendicular bisector of OP. Let 10. 1. Construct the ABC as per given
the bisector intersects OP at M. measurements.

3. With M as the centre and OM as the radius, of AB which does not


2. In the half plane
draw a circle. Let it intersect the inner circle contain C, draw. AX such that BAX is an
at A and B. acute angle.

4. Join PA and PB. Therefore, PA and PB are 3. Along AX mark 8 equidistant points B1, B2
the required tangents. [1] …, B 8 such that B 1 B 2 = B 3B 4 = B 4 B 5 =
B5B6 = B6B7 = B7B8
9. Follow the given steps to construct the figure.
4. Draw B6 B .
1. Draw a line BC of 8 cm length.
5. Through B 8 draw a ray B 8B parallel to
2. Draw BX perpendicular to BC. B6 B . to intersect AY at B.
3. Mark an arc at the distance of 6 cm on BX. 6. Through B draw a ray BC parallel to BC
Mark it as A. to intersect AZ at C.
4. Join A and C to get ABC. Thus, ABC is the required triangle. [1½]
5. With B as the centre, draw an arc on AC. Z

6. Draw the bisector of this arc and join it


C
with B. Thus, BD is perpendicular to AC.
C
7. Now, draw the perpendicular bisector of BD
and CD. Take the point of intersection of
30° 6 cm 60° B B
both perpendicular bisector as O.
A 8 cm Y
B1 [2½]
8. With O as the centre and OB as the radius, B2
B3
draw a circle passing through points B, C B4 P
B5
B6
and D. B7
B8
9. Join A and O and bisect it Let P be the X
midpoint of AO. 11. Steps :

10. Taking P as the centre and PO as its (i) Take a point O on the plane of the paper
radius, draw a circle which will intersect the and draw a circle of radius OA = 4 cm.
circle at point B and G. Join A and G. (ii) Produce OA to B such that OA = AB =
Here, AB and AG are the required tangents 4 cm.
to the circle from A. [1] (iii) Draw a circle with centre at A and radius AB.
X (iv) Suppose it cuts the circle drawn in step (i)
at P and Q.
A (v) Join BP and BQ to get the required
tangents. [2]
D G P
P
6 cm 60°
°
30

30° 60° 60°


B O
B 8 cm C 30° A 4 cm
O

[2] [2]
Q
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 65
12. A (ii) Draw an arc with radius 5 cm from B so that
105° it cuts BX at A.
45° 30° (iii) Now join AC to form ABC.
B C
7 cm
In the ABC, A + B +C =180° (iv) Draw a ray BY making an acute angle with
BC opposite to vertex A.
 C = 30°
(v) Locate 4 points B1, B2, B3, B4 on BY such
Steps :
that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4.
1. Draw BC  7 cm with help of a ruler
(vi) Join B 4 C and now draw a line from B 3
2. Take a protractor measure parallel to B4C so that it cuts BC at C'.
 angle 45° from
point B and draw a ray BX
(vii) From C' draw a line parallel to AC and cuts
3. From point C, make angle 30° with help of AB at A'.
protractor such that BCY = 30°
  (viii) A'BC' is the required triangle. [1½]
4. Now both BX and CY intersect at a
point A
14.
5. Draw a ray BZ making an acute angle with C
BC
6. Along the ray BZ mark 4 points B1, B2, B3, C

m
6c
B4 such that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4
7. Now join B4 to C and draw a line parallel to
B4C from B3 intersecting the line BC at C’ 45º
A B
8. Draw a line through C parallel to CA which 5 cm B [2½]
intersects BA at A [1½] A1
A2
ABC is the required triangle.
A3
y x A4
A
A A5
X
45° 30°
B C Steps :
7 cm C
B1 [2½]
B2 (i) Construct ABC such that AB = 5 cm,
B3
B4 CAB = 45° and CA = 6 cm.
z
13. x [2½] (ii) Draw any ray AX making an acute angle
A
with AB on the side opposite to the vertex C.

5 cm (iii) Mark points A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 on AX such


that AA1 = A1A2 = A2A3 = A3A4 = A4A5.
60° C C
B (iv) Join A5B.
6 cm
B1 (v) Through A 3, draw a line parallel to A 5B
B2 intersecting with AB at B.
B3
B4 (vi) Through B, draw a line parallel to BC
y intersecting with AC at C.
Steps :
Now, ABC is the required triangle whose sides
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 6 cm, draw a ray 3
are of the corresponding sides of ABC. [1½]
BX making 60° with BC. 5
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66 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)

Chapter - 12 : Areas Related to Circles

1. 4. Answer (B)
Let r be the radius of the circle.
From the given information, we have
A B 2r – r = 37
Given diameter of semicircular protractor  r(2) – 1 = 37 cm
(AB) = 14 cm
 22 
d   r 2  1  37 cm [½]
Perimeter of a semicircle      d [½]  7 
2
37
 14   r  37 cm
 Perimeter of protractor      14 7
 2 
 r = 7 cm
22 14
   14  Circumference of the circle
7 2
= 36 cm [½] 22
 2r  2   7 cm  44 cm [½]
7
2. Answer (A)
D C
5.
D C

P
F O

A B

A E B Given a square ABCD with side = 14 cm


Given OE = OF = a AB = CD = BC = AD = 14 cm
Side of the square circumscribing the circle = 2a Semicircles APB and CPD with diameter = 14 cm
[½] Perimeter of shaded region = AD + BC + arc(CPD)
•  Perimeter of square = 4 × 2a = 8a units. [½] + arc(APB) [½]
3. Answer (B) 180 22 14
Length of arcCPD are  2   22
Diameters of two circles are given as 10 cm and 360 7 2
24 cm. [½]
Radius of one circle = r1 = 5 cm Length of arcAPB = CPD = 22 cm [½]

Radius of one circle = r2 = 12 cm Perimeter of Shaded region = 14 + 14 + 22 + 22


According to the given information, = 72 cm [½]
6. Given, OABC is a square of side 7 cm
Area of the larger circle    r1     r2 
2 2
[½]
i.e. OA = AB = BC = OC = 7 cm
= (5)2 + (12)2
 Area of square OABC = (side)2 = 72 = 49
= (25 + 144)
sq.cm [½]
= 169
Given, OAPC is a quadrant of a circle with
= (13)2 centre O.
 Radius of larger circle = 13 cm  Radius of the sector = OA = OC = 7 cm.
Hence, the diameter of larger circle = 26 cm [½] Sector angle = 90° [½]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 67
90 In OAB : OB2 = OA2 + AB2 = (20)2 + (20)2
 Area of quadrant OAPC   r 2
360 = 2 × (20)2
1 22
 7
2
   OB  20 2 cm
4 7
77 Radius of the circle, r  20 2 cm [½]
 sq.cm
2
Area of quadrant OPBQ
= 38.5 sq. cm [½]
 Area of shaded region = Area of Square 90
  r 2
(OABC)-Area of quadrant (OAPC) 360
90
 
= (49 – 38.5)sq. cm = 10.5 sq. cm [½] 2
  3.14  20 2 cm2
7. Dimension of the rectangular card board 360
= 14 cm × 7 cm.
1
Since, two circular pieces of equal radii and   3.14  800 cm2
4
maximum area touching each other are cut from
= 628 cm2 [1]
the rectangular card board, therefore, the
diameter of each of each circular piece is Area of square OABC = (Side)2 = (20)2 cm2
14 = 400 cm2
 7 cm
2
 Area of the shaded region = Area of
quadrant OPBQ – Area of square OABC
= (628 – 400) cm2
7 cm
= 228 cm2 [½]

B D
14 cm 9.
7
Radius of each circular piece  cm
2
 Sum of area of two circular pieces
A C
2 Given AC = AB = 14 cm
7 22 49
 2     2    77 cm2 [1]
2 7 4
BC  142  142  14 2 cm
Area of the remaining card board Area of shaded region = Area of semi-circle –
= Area of the card board - Area of two circular (Area of quadrant ABDC – Area of ABC)
pieces
1
= 14 cm × 7 cm – 77 cm2  Area of ABC   14  14  98 cm2
2
= 98 cm2 – 77 cm2
1 22
= 21 cm2 [1] Area of Quadrant ABDC   14 2  154 cm2
4 7
8. Let us join OB. [1]
Q
Area of segment BDC = ar(Quadrant ABDC)
– ar(ABC )
C B
= 154 – 98
= 56 cm2 [½]
Area of semicircle with diameter BC
2
90° 1  BC  1 22 1
       14 2  14 2
O A P 2  2  2 7 4
20 cm = 154 cm2 [½]
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68 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Area of shaded region = Area of semicircle of 12. Area of minor segment
diameter BC – = Area of sector AOB – Area of AOB
Area of segment BDC
B
= 154 – 56
= 98 cm2 [1]


10. Let a be the side of equilateral triangle

12
O
3a2
 49 3; A
4
a2 = 49 × 4;
a = 7 × 2 = 14 cm Given
Radius of circle = 14/2 = 7 cm [1] AOB = 120°
OA = OB = 14 cm
O
60 °

°
°
60
60
14 cm 14 cm
7 cm

30° 30°
A D B
Area of the first circle occupied by triangle 120
= area of sector with angle 60°. Area of sector AOB   r 2
360
60r 2 22 1 77 1 22 616
 14  
2
   77  cm3 [½]   [1]
360 7 6 3 3 7 3
Area of all the 3 sectors = 77/3 × 3 = 77 cm2 Draw OD  AB
[½] In ODB,
Area of triangle not included in the circle O = 60° B = 30°, D = 90°
= area of triangle- area of all the 3 sectors OD = 7 cm

 49 3  77 = 49(1.732) – 77 DB  7 3 cm
= 7.868 cm2 [1] 1
 Area of AOB   AB  OD
11. 2
1
  14 3  7
2
C D
A B  49 3 [1]
3.5 3.5 = 84.77 cm2
Given AB = 14 cm and AC = BD = 3.5 cm 616
Area of minor segment   84.77 [1]
 DC = 7 cm [1] 3
Area of shaded region = Area of semicircle AB = 120.56 cm2
+ Area of semicircle CD –2 (Area of semicircle P
AC) [1] A
2 2
13.
  14  7    3.5 2 
       2   30°
2 2  22  2  2   O
 
 196 49 49 
    86.625 cm2 [1] B
4  2 2 4  Q
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 69
Area of the shaded region 1 1 1 
   2  5    2 1.5    2  3.5   cm
= Area of sector POQ – Area of sector AOB  2 2 2 
    = (5 + 1.5 + 3.5) cm
 R 2  r 2  [1]
 360 360  = 3.14 × 10 cm


30 22

360 7

 72  3.52  [1] = 31.4 cm [1]
17. It is given that ABC is an equilateral triangle of
77 side 12 cm.
 cm2 [1]
8
Construction:
14. The arc subtends an angle of 60° at the centre.
Join OA, OB and OC.

(i) l  2r [½] Draw.
360
OP  BC
60 22
 2  21
360 7 OQ  AC
= 22 cm [1] OR  AB [½]
 A
(ii) Area of the sector   r 2 [½]
360
60 22

12
cm
   21 21 R
360 7 Q

cm
12
r O r
= 231 cm2 [1]
15. AB and CD are the diameters of a circle with r
centre O. B C
 OA = OB = OC = OD = 7 cm (Radius of 12 cm
the circle) [½] Let the radius of the circle be r cm.
Area of the shaded region Area of AOB + Area of BOC + Area of AOC
= Area of the circle with diameter OB + (Area of = Area of ABC [½]
the semi-circle ACDA – Area of ACD) [1]
1 1 1
2   AB  OR   BC  OP   AC  OQ
7 1 1  2 2 2
         72   CD  OA 
2 2 2  3
  side 
2

22 49 1 22 1 4
     49   14  7 [½]
7 4 2 7 2
1 1 1 3
 12 
2
77   12  r   12  r   12  r 
  77  49 2 2 2 4
2
1 3
= 66.5 cm2 [1]  3  12  r   12  12
2 4
1  r  2 3  2  1.73  3.46
16. Radius of Semicircle PSR   10 cm  5 cm [1]
2
Therefore, the radius of the inscribed circle is
[½]
3.46 cm.
1
Radius of Semicircle RTQ   3  1.5 cm [½] Now, area of the shaded region = Area of ABC
2 – Area of the inscribed circle
1
Radius of semicircle PAQ   7 cm  3.5 cm [½]  3 2
2 
4
2

 12    2 3   cm
2

Perimeter of the shaded region = Circumference  


of semicircle PSR + Circumference of semicircle
RTQ + Circumference of semicircle PAQ [½]  36 3  12  cm2

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70 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
= [36 × 1.73 – 12 × 3.14] cm2 1 2 1
 r   BC  AC
= [62.28 – 37.68] cm2 2 2
= 24.6 cm2 1 1
 3.14   6.5    5  12
[1] 2
 [½]
2 2
Therefore, the area of the shaded region is
24.6 cm2. = 66.3325 – 30

18. Radius of the circle = 14 cm = 36.3325 cm2

Central Angle,  = 60°, Thus, the area of the shaded region is


36.3325 cm2. [½]
Area of the minor segment
20. Area of the region ABDC
 3 2
  r 2  r [1] = Area of sector AOC – Area of sector BOD [½]
360 4
40 22 40 22
60 3    14  14   77
   (14)2   142 360 7 360 7
360 4
1 1
1 22   22  14  2   22  7  1
 14  14  3   7 
2
  9 9
6 7
22
22  14    28  7 
  49 3 9
3
22
22  14 147 3   21
  9
3 3
154
 cm2 [½]
308  147 3 3
 cm2 [1]
3 Area of circular ring
 Area of the major segment
22 22
  14  14  77 [1]
 308  147 3  7 7
  14 
2 2
  cm
 3 = 22 × 14 × 2 – 22 × 7 × 1
 
= 22 × (28 – 7)
1
 616  308  147 3 
3 = 22 × 21


 1540  147 3 / 3 cm2  [1]
= 462 cm2 [½]
 Area of shaded region
19. Diameter, AB = 13 cm
= Area of circular ring
13 – Area of region ABDC
 Radius of the circle, r   6.5 cm
2
154
∵ ACB is the angle in the semi-circle. = 462 –
3
 ACB = 90° [½]
1232
Now, in ACB, using Pythagoras theorem, we = cm2 [½]
3
have
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 21. C S1

(13)2 = (12)2 + (BC)2


(BC)2 = (13)2 – (12)2 = 169 – 144 = 25
S2 S4
A
BC  25  5 cm [1] B D

Now, area of shaded region S3


= Area of semi-circle ABC – Area of (ACB) [½] Given that AB = BC = CD = 3 cm [½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 71
Circle C has diameter = 4.5 cm A P B

Semicircle S1 has diameter = 9 cm [½]


E F
Area of shaded region
S Q
= Area of S1 – Area of (S2 + S4) – Area of C +
Area of S3 [1] H G
Area of shaded region
D R C
2 2 2 2
9 3 3  4.5    3  Area of the shaded region = Area of square
             [½]
2  2  22 22  2  22 ABCD – (Area of sector APEC + Area of sector
PFQB + Area of sector RGQC + Area of sector
  81   9 RHSD) [1]
 
16 8
= 12.375 cm2 [½]  12 
  62
2

        
 62

 62

 62
 4 4 4 4  [1]
 
C1
= 122 –  × 36
22. C2 = 144 – 113.04
O
= 30.96 cm2 [1]
60º
C D

D C
A B 8
Given OC = OD = 21 cm 24. 6 O

OA = OB = 42 cm A B

Area of ACDB region


= Area of sector OAB – Area sector OCD [½] In right triangle ADC, D = 90°
AC2 = AD2 + DC2 [By Pythagoras theorem] [½]
60 60
   42      21
2 2
 [½]
360 360 = 62 + 82 = 100
AC = 10 cm [½]
1 22
   21 63 2(AO) = 10
6 7
= 11 × 63 = 693 cm2 [½] AO = 5 cm
 Radius (r) = 5 cm [½]
Area of shaded region
Area of the shaded region
= Area of c1 – Area of c2
= Area of the circle – Area of rectangle [½]
– Area of ACDB region [½]
= r2 – l × b
= (42)2 – (21)2 – 693
= 3.14(5)2 – 6 × 8 [½]
22 cm2
  63  21  693 = 78.5 – 48 = 30.5 [½]
7
25. A
= 3,465 cm2 [1]
23. Given that ABCD is a square and P, Q, R and
S are the mid-points of AB, BC, CD and DA O
respectively
and AB = 12 cm
 AP = 6 cm [P bisects AB] B C

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72 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
AC = 24 cm, BC = 10 cm [½] = (441) [0.57]

AB  242  102 = 251.37 cm2 [1]

AB = 26 cm [1] Area of the flower bed ORQ = Area of the flower


bed OPS
Diameter of circle = 26 cm
= 251.37 cm2
Area of shaded region
= Area of semicircle – Area of ABC [1] Total area of the two flower beds

 1 = Area of the flower bed ORQ + Area of the


 13 2   24  10 [½] flower bed OPS
2 2
3.14 = 251.37 + 251.37
  169  120
2 = 502.74 cm2 [1]
= 145.33 cm2 [1] 27. Perimeter of shaded region = AB + PB + arc
26. PQRS is a square. length AP (i) [½]
So each side is equal and angle between the  r
adjacent sides is a right angle. Arc length AP   2r  (ii) [½]
360 180
Also the diagonals perpendicularly bisect each In right angled OAB,
other.
AB
In PQR using pythagoras theorem, tan    AB  r tan  (iii) [½]
r
PR2 =PQ2 + QR2
OB
PR2 = (42)2 + (42)2 sec    OB  r sec  [½]
r
PR 2  2  42  OB = OP + PB
1 42  r sec = r + PB [ OB = rsec]
OR  PR   OQ [1]
2 2  PB = r sec  – r ...(iv) [1]
From the figure we can see that the radius of
Substitute (ii), (iii) and (iv) in (i), we get
flower bed ORQ is OR.
Perimeter of shaded region
1 2
Area of sector ORQ  r = AB + PB + arc (AP)
4

1  42 
2 r
   r tan   r sec   r 
 180
4  2

1   
Area of the ROQ   RO  OQ  r  tan   sec    1 [1]
2  180 

1 42 42 28. 21 cm
   A B
2 2 2
7 cm
2
 42  O
  [1]
 2 
7 cm
Area of the flower bed ORQ
D C
= Area of sector ORQ – Area of the ROQ
Area of shaded region = Area of rectangle – Area
2 2
1  42   42  of semicircle [1]
   
2  2   2 
 7
2

2  21 14 
 42     2
     1
 2  2  = 217 cm2 [1]
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 73
Perimeter of shaded region 60 22
  3.5 
2
Area of sector BPQ   [1]
= AB + AD + CD + length of arc BC [1] 360 7

180 22 77
 21  14  21   2 7  cm2
360 7 12
60 22
  3.5 
= 78 cm [1] 2
 
360 7
P
29. 77
C B  cm2 [1]
12
Similarly areas of other sectors PCR and
R Q 77
RAQ  cm2 [1]
12
A Area of shaded region
= ar(ABC) –3 (area of BPQ) [1]
Given that all circles have radii = 3.5 cm
 AB = BC = AC = 7 cm 49 3 3  77 
 
ABC is an equilateral triangle area of 4 12

ABC 
4
3
 49 cm2 [1] 
49 3  77 7
4 4

 7 3  11  [1]

Chapter - 13 : Surface Areas and Volumes

1. Surface area of sphere = 616 cm2 4. Answer (C)


4r2 = 616 [½] Let the original radius and the height of the
cylinder be r and h respectively.
22 2
4  r  616
7 Volume of the original cylinder = r2h

r  7 cm [½] r
Radius of the new cylinder 
2
2. R
Height of the new cylinder = h
2
r  r 2 h
I Volume of the new cylinder     h  [½]
2 4
r
Volume of the new cylinder
Required ratio 
Given slant height () = 4 cm Volume of the original cylinder
Perimeters of circular ends:
r 2 h
2r = 6 cm 1
 42   1: 4 [½]
2R = 18 cm [½] r h 4
C.S.A = () (r + R) = 4 × 12 = 48 cm2 [½] 5. Answer (B)
3. Answer (B) Let r and h be the radius and the height of the
cylinder, respectively.
Largest cone that can be cut from a cube has
the Given: Diameter of the cylinder = 4 cm
Diameter = side of cube [½]  Radius of the cylinder, r = 2 cm
Height = side of cube Height of the cylinder, h = 45 cm
4.2 Volume of the solid cylinder = r2h =  × (2)2 ×
 radius   2.1 cm [½]
2 45 cm3 = 180 cm3 [½]
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74 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Suppose the radius of each sphere be R cm. 1
8. Given volume of a hemisphere  2425 cm3
Diameter of the sphere = 6 cm 2
 Radius of the sphere, R = 3 cm 4851
 cm3 [½]
Let n be the number of solids formed by melting 2
the solid metallic cylinder. Now, let r be the radius of the hemisphere
•  n × volume of the solid spheres 2 3
Volume of a hemisphere  r
= Volume of the solid cylinder 3
4 2 3 4851
 n R 3  180  r 
3 3 2
4 2 22 3 4851
 n R 3  180   r 
3 3 7 2
180  3 4851 3 7  21 
3
 n 5
4  27  r3     [½]
2 2 22  2 
Thus, the number of solid spheres that can be
21
formed is 5. [½]  r  cm
2
6. Volume of cube = 27 cm3
So, curved surface area of the hemisphere = 2r2
 Volume of cube = (side)3 = 27 cm3
22 21 21
Side  3 27 cm  2    693 sq.cm [1]
7 2 2
Side = 3 cm [½]
9. 20
If two cubes are joined end to end the resulting
figure is cuboid
h = 21 cm
 3 cm 

10

Volume of frustum 


h R 2  r 2  rR 
m

[1]
3c

3

3 cm 3 cm
i.e., length = l = 6 cm 
22
73

 21 102  202  10  20 
breadth = b = 3 cm [½]
= 22(700) cm3
height = h = 3 cm
= 15400 cm3 = 15.4 [1]
Surface area of resulting cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)
Cost of milk = 15.4 × 30
[½]
= `462 [1]
= 2 × (6 × 3 + 3 × 3 + 3 × 6) cm2
= 2 × (18 + 9 + 18) 10. C 6 cm O D
= 2 × 45 = 90 cm2 [½]
7. Cone: height = 20 cm
Base radius = 5 cm
7 cm
Cone is reshaped into a sphere
•  Volume of cone = volume of sphere [1]
1 4
  5   20     r 
2 3
3 3 A B
O
r3 = 5 3 Given: Radius of cylinder = radius of cone =
 r = 5 cm [1] r = 6 cm

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 75
Height of the cylinder = height of the cone  Radius of the hemispherical bowl = Radius
= h = 7 cm [½] of the cylinder
14
Slant height of the cone = l  72  62 r  cm  7 cm [1]
2
 85 cm [½] Total height of the vessel = 13 cm
Total surface area of the remaining solid =  Height of the cylinder, h = 13 cm – 7 cm =
Curved surface area of the cylinder + area of the 6 cm [1]
base of the cylinder + curved surface area of Total surface area of the vessel = 2 (curved
the cone surface area of the cylinder + curved surface
 Total surface area of the remaining solid area of the hemisphere) (Since, the vessel is
= (2rh + r2 + rl) [1] hollow)
= 2(2rh + 2r2) = 4r(h + r)
22 22 2 22
 2 67  6   6 85
7 7 7 22
 4  7   6  7  cm2
792 132 7
 264   85 = 1144 cm2 [1]
7 7
13. 3.5 cm
132
 377.1  85 cm2 [1]
7
11. Volume of the conical heap = volume of the sand
emptied from the bucket.
Volume of the conical heap h

1 2 1
r h  r 2  24 cm3 ...(i)
3 3
(height of the cone is 24) [1]
Volume of the sand in the bucket = r2h 3.5 cm
Height of the cylinder, h = 10 cm
= (18)2 × 32 cm3 ...(ii) [1]
Radius of the cylinder = Radius of each
Equating (i) and (ii), hemisphere = r = 3.5 cm [½]
1 2
r  24   18   32
2 Volume of wood in the toy = Volume of the
[½]
3 cylinder – 2 × Volume of each hemisphere

 r2 
18 2  32  3 [½]  r 2 h  2 
2 3
r [1]
24 3
 r = 36 cm  4 
 r 2  h  r 
 3 
12.
22 2 4 
   3.5   10   3.5 
7  3 
7 cm = 38.5 × (10 – 4.67) [1]
13 cm
= 38.5 × 5.33
= 205.205 cm3 [½]
14. For the given tank

Let the radius and height of cylinder be r cm and Diameter = 10 m


h cm respectively. Radius, R = 5 m
Diameter of the hemispherical bowl = 14 cm Depth, H = 2 m [½]

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76 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Internal radius of the pipe In triangle COB
20 1 R
r  cm  10 cm  m [½] tan30 
2 10 CO
Rate of flow of water = v = 4 km/h = 4000 m/h 1 R
 
Let t be the time taken to fill the tank. [½] 3 20
So, the volume of water flows through the pipe 20
in t hours will equal to the volume of the tank.  R cm [½]
3
 r2 × v × t = R2H [1]

 1
2 Volume of the frustum, V 
1
3

 R 2H  x 2 h 
    4000  t   5   2
2

 10  2 2
1   20   10  
25  2  100 1  V    .20    .10 
 t 1 3  3   3 
4000 4  

1 1  8000 1000 
Hence, the time taken is 1 hours   
3  3 3 
[½]
4
C 1  7000 
15.  
3  3 
30° 1
   7000
9
20 cm

S x Q
P
7000
 
10 cm

[½]
9
The volumes of the frustum and the wire formed
O R B
A are equal.
Let ACB be the cone whose vertical angle ACB 2
 1  7000 
= 60°. Let R and x be the radii of the lower and   l    Volume of wire  r 2 h 
upper end of the frustum. 24
  9

Here, height of the cone, OC = H = 20 cm 7000


 l  24  24
Height CP = h = 10 cm [½] 9

Let us consider P as the mid-point of OC.  l = 448000 cm = 4480 m [½]

After cutting the cone into two parts through P. Hence, the length of the wire is 4480 m.

20 16. Diameter of the tent = 4.2 m


OP   10 cm [½]
2 Radius of the tent, r = 2.1 m
1 Height of the cylindrical part of tent, h =
Also, ACO and OCB   60  30 cylinder
2 4m
After cutting cone CQS from cone CBA, the Height of the conical part, h = 2.8 m [½]
cone
remaining solid obtained is a frustum.
Slant height of the conical part, l
Now, in triangle CPQ
x  h 2cone  r 2
tan30 
10
 2.82  2.12
1 x
 
3 10  2.82  2.12
10 = 3.5 m [½]
 x cm [½]
3 Curved surface area of the cylinder = 2rh

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 77
2 90
 2
22
 2.1 4    183 
7  72  3 100
  32  h
= 22 × 0.3 × 8 = 52.8 m2 [½]
2 9
 183 
Curved surface area of the conical tent
 72  3 10
22 32  h
 rl   2.1 3.5  23.1 m2 [½]
7 2 9
 18  18  18 
Total area of cloth required for building one tent  h 3 10
= Curved surface area of the cylinder + Curved 32  72
surface area of the conical tent  h = 5.4 cm [½]
= 52.8 + 23.1 Height of the small cylindrical bottle = 10.8 cm
= 75.9 m2 [½] 18. Side of the cubical block, a = 10 cm
Cost of building one tent = 75.9 × 100 = ` 7590 Largest diameter of a hemisphere = side of the cube
Total cost of 100 tents = 7590 × 100 Since the cube is surmounted by a hemisphere,
= ` 7,59,000 Diameter of the hemisphere = 10 cm
Cost to be borne by the associations Radius of the hemisphere, r = 5 cm [1]
759000 Total surface area of the solid = Total surface
  3,79,500 [½] area of the cube – Inner cross-section area of
2
the hemisphere + Curved surface area of the
It shows the helping nature, unity and
hemisphere
cooperativeness of the associations.
= 6a2 – r2 + 2r2 [1]
17. Internal diameter of the bowl = 36 cm
= 6a2 + r2
Internal radius of the bowl, r = 18 cm
= 6 × (10)2 + 3.14 × 52
2 2
Volume of the liquid, V  r 3     183 [½] = 600 + 78.5 = 678.5 cm2
3 3
Let the height of the small bottle be ‘h’ Total surface area of the solid = 678.5 cm2 [1]

Diameter of a small cylindrical bottle = 6 cm 19. Number of cones = 504

Radius of a small bottle, R = 3 cm Diameter of a cone = 3.5 cm

Volume of a single bottle = R2h =  ×32 × h [½] Radius of the cone, r = 1.75 cm

Number of small bottles, n = 72 Height of the cone, h = 3 cm [½]


Volume of a cone
10 2
Volume wasted in the transfer      183
100 3 1 2
 r h
[½] 3
Volume of liquid to be transferred in the bottles 2
1  3.5 
    3
2 10 2 3  2 
    183      183
3 100 3
1 3.5 3.5
     3 cm3 [½]
2  10  3 2 2
    183  1  
3  100  Volume of 504 cones
2 90 1 3.5 3.5
    183  [½]  504      3 cm3 [½]
3 100 3 2 2
Number of small cylindrical bottles Let the radius of the new sphere be ‘R’.
Volume of the liquid to be transferred 4
 [½] Volume of the sphere  R 3
Volume of single bottle 3
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78 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Volume of 504 cones = Volume of the sphere [½] = 4.2 + 6.3

1 3.5 3.5 4 = 10.5


504      3  R 3
3 2 2 3 22
 10.5  [1]
504  1   3.5  3.5  3  3 7
  R3 = 33 m2
3 2 2 4 
Total cost of the canvas at the rate of ` 500 per
504  3  49
 R3  m2 = `(500 × 33) = `16500. [1]
64
21. Let the radius of the conical vessel = r1 = 5 cm
7  8  9  3  72
3
 R  Height of the conical vessel = h1 = 24 cm [½]
64
Radius of the cylindrical vessel = r2
3
8  27  7
 R3  Let the water rise upto the height of h2 cm in the
64 cylindrical vessel.
237 Now, volume of water in conical vessel = volume
 R
4 of water in cylindrical vessel

21 1 2
 R  10.5 cm [1] r1 h1  r22 h2
2 3
Radius of the new sphere = 10.5 cm r12 h1  3r22 h2 [1½]
V 5 × 5 × 24 = 3 × 10 × 10 × h2
20.
2.8 m 5  5  24
h2   2 cm [1]
A B
3  10  10
1.5 m 1.5 m
Thus, the water will rise upto the height of 2 cm
in the cylindrical vessel.
22. Radius of sphere = r = 6 cm
2.1 m
Volume of sphere
4 3 4
r     6   288 cm3
3
 [½]
3 3
D 1.5 m 1.5 m C Let R be the radius of cylindrical vessel.
3m
Rise in the water level of cylindrical vessel
For conical portion, we have
5 32
r = 1.5 m and l = 2.8 m h3 cm  cm
9 9
 S1 = Curved surface area of conical portion Increase in volume of cylindrical vessel
 S1 = rl 32 32
 R 2 h  R 2   R 2 [½]
9 9
= 4.2m2 [½]
Now, volume of water displaced by the sphere is
For cylindrical portion, we have equal to volume of sphere
r = 1.5 m and h = 2.1 m 32
 R 2  288 [1]
 S2 = Curved surface area of cylindrical portion 9

 S2 = 2rh 288  9
 R2   81 [½]
32
= 2 ×  × 1.5 × 2.1 [½]
 R = 9 cm
= 6.3m2
 Diameter of the cylindrical vessel = 2 × R =
Area of canvas used for making the tent = S1 + S2 2 × 9 = 18 cm [½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 79
23. Given canal width = 5.4 m Total surface area of the article = curved surface
Depth = 1.8 m [½] area of the cylinder + 2 (Curved surface area of
a hemisphere) [1]
Water flow speed = 25 km/hr
= 2rh + 2 × 2r2
Distance covered by water in 40 minutes
= 2r(h + 2r) [1]
25  40
 [½] 22
60  2  3.5 10  2  3.5  cm2
7
50
 km = 22 × 17 cm2 = 374 cm2 [1]
3
26. Given
Volume of water flows through pipe
50
  5.4  1.8  1000
3 
= 162 × 103 m3 [1]
3.5 m
Area irrigate with 10 cm of water standing

162  103

10  102 12 m
= 162 × 104 m2 [1] Base diameter = 24 m
24. Volume of cuboid = 4.4 × 2.6 × 1 Base radius = 12 m
= 11.44 m3 [½] Height = 3.5 m
1 2
Volume  r h [½]
5 3
 1 22
   12  12  3.5
3 7
30
35 = 22 × 4 × 12 × 0.5
= 264 × 2 [1]

Length = l = 528 m3

Inner radius = 30 cm [½]  2 = 122 + 3.52 = 144 + 12.25

Outer radius = 35 cm 2 = 156.25 [½]

Volume of cuboid = volume of cylindrical pipe   156.25  12.5 m

11.44 

  l  352  302  [1]
Curved surface area = r

100  100  100 22 150  22


 12  12.5   471.428 m2 [1]
7 7
l = 10.205 × 104 cm
27. Width of the canal = 6 m
l = 102.05 km [1]
Depth of the canal = 1.5 m
25. r 1
Length of the water column formed in hr
2
= 5 km or 5000 m [½]
1
 Volume of water flowing in hr
r 2
= Volume of cuboid of length 5000 m, width
Let r be the radius of the base of the cylinder 6 m and depth 1.5 m.
and h be its height. Then, = 5000 × 6 × 1.5 = 45000 m3 [1]
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80 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
On comparing the volumes, Volume of water that flows in 30 minutes from
pipe = 30 × 0.0024m3 = 0.072 m3 [½]
Volume of water in field = Volume of water
coming out from canal in 30 minutes. [½] Radius (r2) of base of cylindrical tank = 40 cm
= 0.4 m [½]
Irrigated area × standing water = 45000.
Let the cylindrical tank be filled up to h m in 30
45000
Irrigated Area  [∵ 1 m = 100 cm] [½] minutes.
8
100 Volume of water filled in tank in 30 minutes is
equal to the volume of water flowed out in 30
45000  100
 = 5,62,500 m2 [½] minutes from the pipe [1]
8
28. 4.2 cm    r22  h  0.072
 0.42 × h = 0.072 [½]
 0.16h = 0.072
5 cm 0.072
 h
0.16
5 cm
 h = 0.45 m = 45 cm [½]
Therefore, the rise in level of water in the tank
in half an hour is 45 cm.
5 cm
30. Diameter of upper end of bucket = 30 cm
The total surface area of the cube = 6 × (edge)2
= 6 × 5 × 5 cm2 = 150 cm2 [1]  Radius (r1) of upper end of bucket = 15 cm
Note that the part of the cube where the [½]
hemisphere is attached is not included in the
Diameter of lower end of bucket = 10 cm
surface area.
 Radius (r1) of lower end of bucket = 5 cm
So, the surface area of the block = TSA of cube
– base area of hemisphere + CSA of hemisphere [½]

[1] Slant height (l) of frustum

= 150 – r2 + 2r2 = (150 + r2) cm2 [1]


  r1  r2 2  h2
 22 4.2 4.2 
 150 cm2     cm2
 7 2 2   15  5 2  242  102  242  100  576
= (150 + 13.86) cm2 = 163.86 cm2 [1]
 676  26 cm [1]
29. Diameter of circular end of pipe = 2 cm
Area of metal sheet used to make the bucket
 Radius r1 of circular end of pipe
   r1  r2  l  r22 [1]
2
 m  0.01 m [½] =(15 + 5)26 + (5)2
200
Area of cross-section = 520 + 25 = 545 cm2 [½]
Cost of 100 cm2 metal sheet = `10
   r12    0.012  0.0001 m2 [½]
Cost of 545 cm2 metal sheet
Speed of water = 0.4 m/s s = 0.4 × 60
545  3.14  10
= 24 metre/min `  ` 171.13 [½]
100
Volume of water that flows in 1 minute from pipe
Therefore, cost of metal sheet used to make the
= 24 × 0.0001 m3 = 0.0024 m3 bucket is ` 171.13.

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 81
2.5 cm Diameter of the cylindrical part = Diameter of the
31.
conical part = 4.2 cm
 Radius  of the cylindrical part = Radius 
of the conical part = 2.1 cm [½]
Slant height (l) of the conical part
11 cm

  2.12   2.8 2 cm

Height (h) of the conical vessel = 11 cm  4.41  7.81 cm

Radius (r1) of the conical Vessel = 2.5 cm  12.25 cm [½]


Radius (r 2 ) of the metallic spherical balls = 3.5 cm
0.5 Total surface area of the remaining solid = Curved
  0.25 cm [½]
2 surface area of the cylindrical part +Curved
Let n be the number of spherical balls = that surface area of the conical part + Area of the
were dropped in the vessel. cylindrical base
Volume of the water spilled = Volume of the = 2rh + rl + r2 [1]
spherical balls dropped [½]  22 22 22 
 2  2.1 2.8   2.1 3.5   2.1 2.1 cm2 [1]
 7 7 7 
2
 Volume of cone = n × Volume of one
5 = (36.96 + 23.1 + 13.86) cm2
spherical ball [1] = 73.92 cm2 [½]
2 1 2 4 Thus, the total surface area of the remaining
  r1 h  n  r23 [½]
5 3 3 solid is 73.92 cm2 [½]

 r12 h  n  10r23 33. Height of the cylinder (h) = 10 cm

 (2.5)2 × 11 = n × 10 × (0.25)3 Radius of the base of the cylinder = 4.2 cm [½]

 68.75 = 0.15625 n [½] Volume of original cylinder = r2h [½]

 n = 440 22
  4.2   10
2

7
Hence, the number of spherical balls that were
dropped in the vessel is 440. = 554.4 cm3 [½]
2 3
Sushant made the arrangement so that the Volume of hemisphere  r [½]
water that flows out, irrigates the flower beds. 3
2 22
  4.2 
This shows the judicious usage of water. [1] 3
 
3 7
32. The following figure shows the required cylinder
and the conical cavity = 155.232 cm3 [½]

4.2 cm Volume of the remaining cylinder after scooping


out hemisphere from each end
Volume of original cylinder – 2 × Volume of
hemisphere

2.8 cm = 554.4 – 2 × 155.232 [½]


= 243.936 cm3
The remaining cylinder is melted and converted
to a new cylindrical wire of 1.4 cm thickness.
Given Height (b) of the conical Part = Height (h) So they have same volume and radius of new
of the cylindrical part = 2.8 cm cylindrical wire is 0.7 cm.

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82 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Volume of the remaining cylinder = Volume of 2
22  20  x 2
the new cylindrical wire      3.5 [1½]
100 2
243.936 = r2h [½]
x = 2.5 cm [½]
22
243.936   0.7 2 h  Rainfall is of 2.5 cm [½]
7
36. Let r1 = 5 cm and r2 15 cm are radii of lower
h = 158.4 cm and upper circular faces.
 The length of the new cylindrical wire of
D
C  E
1.4 cm thickness is 158.4 cm [½] 15 cm 
34. Height of conical upper part = 3.5 m, and radius
= 2.8 m 24 cm 24 cm

(Slant height of cone)2 = 2.12 + 2.82


= 4.41 + 7.84 A 5 cm B
Metal sheet required = Area of curved surface +
Slant height of cone  12.25  3.5 m [½]
Area of Base
The canvas used for each tent
   r1  r2    r12 (i) [½]
Curved surface area of cylindrical base + curved
surface area of conical upper part [½] Slant height of frustum = l =  r2  r1 2  h2 [½]
= 2rh + rl
= r(2h + l) l 15  5 2  242
22 l  102  242
  2.8  7  3.5  [½]
7
 100  576
22
  2.8  10.5 l  676 [½]
7
= 92.4 m2 [½] l = 26 cm
So, the canvas used for one tent is 92.4 m2 Metal required = (5 + 15) 26 + (5)2 [½]
Thus, the canvas used for 1500 tents =  × 20 × 26 +  × 25
= (92.4 × 1500) m2 [½] = 5(4 × 26 + 5)
Canvas used to make the tents cost ` 120 per = 5 (109)
sq. m 22
 5  109
So, canvas used to make 1500 tents will cost 7
` 92.4 × 1500 × 120 [½] = 1712.85 cm2 [1]
The amount shared by each school to set up There is a chance of breakdown due to stress
the tents on ordinary plastic. [1]
92.4  1500  120 20 20
 ` 332640 [½] 37.
50 8 cm

The amount shared by each school to set up


the tents is ` 332640.
h
The value to help others in times of troubles is
generated from the problem. [½]
35. Water from the roof drains into cylindrical tank
12cm
Volume of water from roof flows into the tank of
Let the height of the bucket be h cm and slant
the rainfall is x cm and given the tank is full we
height be l cm.
can write, [½]
Here r1 = 20 cm
Volume of water collected on roof = volume of
the tank [1] r2 = 12 cm [½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 83
3
And capacity of bucket = 12308.8 cm
Slant height of the frustum  I   R  r 2  h 2
We know that capacity of bucket
[½]
h 2
 (r1  r22  r1r2 )
3
[½] I  20  8 2  162
h I  122  162
 3.14   400  144  240
3
I  144  256
h
 3.14   784 I  400
3
I = 20 cm [½]
h
So we have  3.14  784  12308.8 [½] Slant height is 20 cm
3
Now,
12308.8  3
h Surface area = [r2 + (R + r) × l] [1]
3.14  784
= 22/7[82 + (20 + 8) × 20] [½]
= 15 cm [½]
22
Now, the slant height of the frustum,  64  560
7
l  h 2  (r1  r2 )2 [½]
22
  624
2
 15  8 2 7

 289 13728
[½]  [½]
= 17 cm 7
= 1961.14 cm2
Area of metal sheet used in making it
39. Apparent capacity of the glass = Volume of
= r22 + (r1 + r2) [½]
cylinder [½]
= 3.14 × [144 + (20 + 12) × 17]
= 2160.32 cm2 [½]
5 cm
38. Radius of the bigger end of the frustum (bucket)
of cone = R = 20 cm [½]
Radius of the smaller end of the frustum (bucket) 10 cm
of the cone = r = 8 cm [½]
Height = 16 cm [½]
Volume = 1/3rh [R2 + r2 + R × r] [½]
= 1/3 × 22/7 × 16 [202 + 82+ 20 × 8]
= 352/21 [400 + 64 + 160] [½] Actual capacity of the glass = Volume of
= (352 × 624)/21 cylinder – Volume of hemisphere [½]

= 219648/21 Volume of the cylindrical glass = r2 h [½]


= 3.14 × (2.5)2 × 10
= 10459.43 cu. cm [½]
= 3.14 × 2.5 × 2.5 × 10
Now,
= 3.14 × 6.25 × 10 [½]
R
= 196.25 cm3
2 3
Volume of hemisphere  r [½]
3
h
2
  2.5 
3

3
r
= 32.7 cm3 [½]

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84 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Apparent capacity of the glass = Volume of Let the radius of lower end of the frustum be
cylinder = 196.25 cm3 r = 8 cm [½]
Actual capacity of the glass Let the radius of upper end of the frustum be
= Total volume of cylinder – volume of R = 20 cm [½]
hemisphere [1] Let the height of the frustum be h cm
= 196.25 – 32.7 [½] Volume of the frustum
cm3 
 
= 163.54 [½] 3 73216
h R 2  r 2  Rr  10459  [1]
Hence, apparent capacity = 196.25 cm3 [½] 3 7 7
Actual capacity of the glass = 163.54 cm3 [½] Therefore, substituting the value of R and r.

40.
22 1

 h 202  82  20  8 
7 3
73216
7

7 cm
73216 7
h  400  64  160    3
10.5 cm

7 22
6 cm h × 624 = 9984
9984
h  16 cm [1]
624
Total surface area of the container
10 cm
Given, internal diameter of the cylinder = 10 cm   R  r   R  r 2  h2  r 2 [1]
Internal radius of the cylinder = 5 cm [½]
22 22 2
and height of the cylinder = 10.5 cm   20  8   20  8 2  162  8 [½]
7 7
Similarly, diameter of the cone = 7 cm [½] 22 22
  28 122  162   64
Radius of the cone = 3.5 cm and Height of the 7 7
cone = 6 cm 22 22
(i) Volume of water displaced out of cylindrical   28 144  256   64
7 7
vessel = volume of cone [1]
1

22
7

28  400  64 
22
7

 28  20  64 
 r 2 h [½]
3 22 22
1 22
  560  64    624 [½]
   3.5  3.5  6  77 cm3 7 7
[1]
3 7 Cost of 1 cm square metal sheet is 1. 40 `
(ii) Volume of water left In the cylindrical vessel Cost of required sheet =
= volume of cylinder – volume of cone [1]
22
= R2H – Volume of cone [½]  624  1.40  2745.60 ` [1]
7
22
  5  5  10.5  77 42.
7
h
= 825 – 77 = 748 cm3 [1]
41. 20 cm

16 cm
?
Radius of base of the cone = r = 21 cm [½]
Let the height of the cone be h cm
Volume of the cone = 2/3 volume of the
8 cm hemisphere [½]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 85
1 2 2 2 Here, R = 28 cm and r = 21 cm, [1]
r h   r 3 [½]
3 3 3 Volume of frustum = 28.49 L
4 4
 h  r   21  28 cm [½] = 28.49 × 1000 cm3
3 3
Surface area of the toy = lateral surface area of = 28490 cm3 [1]
cone + curved surface area of hemisphere [1]

r r 2  h 2  2r 2 [1] Now, volume of frustum 


3

h 2
R  Rr  r 2  [1½]
22 22
  21 212  282  2   21 21 [1]
7 7
 66  441  784  2772

22 h
73
 
282  28  21  212  28490 [1]

= 66 × 35 + 2772
= 2310 + 2772 = 5082 cm2 22
[1]  h  1813  28490 [½]
21
43. Let the level of water in the pond rises by 21 cm
in t hours.
28490  21
Speed of water = 15 km/hr  h  15 cm
22  1813
= 15000 m/hr [½]
14
Hence the height of bucket is 15 cm. [1]
Diameter of pipe = 14 cm  m
100 45. O
7
 Radius of the pipe, r  m [½]
100
Volume of water flowing out of the pipe in 1
hour = r2h [½]
2
22  7  A B
  m  15000 m 7 cm
7  100 
= 231 m3 [1]
 Volume of water flowing out of the pipe in t Radius of hemi-sphere = 7 cm [½]
hours = 231t m3 [½]
Volume of water in the cuboidal pond Radius of cone = 7 cm [½]

21 Height of cone = diameter = 14 cm [½]


 50 m  44m  m  Volume of cuboid = lbh 
100
Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of
= 462 m3 [1] hemi-sphere [1]
Volume of water flowing out of the pipe in t hours
= Volume of water in the cuboidal pond [1] 1 2 2
 r h  r 3 [1]
 231t = 462 3 3
462
 t  2 hrs 1 2
231  r  h  2r  [½]
3
Thus, the water in the pond rise by 21 cm in 2
hours. [1]
1 22
   49 14  14 
44. R 3 7

1 22
   49  28 [1]
h 3 7

22  7  28 4312
  cm3 [1]
r 3 3

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86 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)

Chapter - 14 : Statistics

1.  f1  f0 
Class Class marks  Mode  I   h [1]
 2 f1  f0  f 2 
 
10 + 25 [½]
10 – 25 = 17.5  16  10 
2  30     10 [½]
 2  16  10  12 
35 + 55 [½] 6
35 – 55 = 45  30   10 = 30 + 6 = 36
2 [½]
10
4. Class Mid values Frequency di = xi x i – 18 fi ui
[1]
xi ui =
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency fi –18 2
2. [1]
5 – 10 49 49 11 – 13 12 3 –6 –3 –9
10 – 15 133 182 13 – 15 14 6 –4 –2 –12
15 – 20 63 245
15 – 17 16 9 –2 –1 –9
20 – 25 15 260
266 17 – 19 18 13 0 0 0
25 – 30 6
30 – 35 7 273 19 – 21 20 f 2 1 f
35 – 40 4 277 21 – 23 22 5 4 2 10
40 – 45 2 279
23 – 25 24 4 6 3 12
45 – 50 1 280
fi = 40 + f

Let N = total frequency fiui = f – 8


 We have N = 280 We have
N 280 h = 2; A = 18, N = 40 + f,fiui = f – 8, X  18
   140 [½]
2 2 [½]
N 1 
The cumulative frequency just greater than
2
is  Mean  A  h   fi ui  [1]
 N 
182 and the corresponding class is 10 – 15.
Thus, 10 – 15 is the median class such that  1
18  18  2   f  8  [½]
l = 10, f = 133, F = 49 and h = 5 [½]  40  f 
N 
 2 F   140  49  2 f  8
Median  l     h  10   5 0 [½]
 f   133  40  f
 
f–8=0
= 13.42 [1]
f=8 [½]
3. Class Frequency [½] 5. Daily Frequency Income Cumulative
[1]
income less than frequency
0 - 10 8
10 - 20 10 100 – 120 12 120 12
20 - 30 10  f0 120 – 140 14 140 26
30 - 40 16  f1 140 – 160 8 160 34
40 - 50 12  f2 160 – 180 6 180 40
50 - 60 6
180 – 200 10 200 50
60 - 70 7
Using these values we plot the points (120, 12)
Here, 30 – 40 is the modal class, and I = 30, (140, 26) (160, 34), (180, 40) (200, 50) on the
h = 10 [½] axes to get less than ogive [1]

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 87
7. [2]
y Marks Number of Marks less Cumulative
students than frequency
Cumulative frequency 50 (200, 50) 0-5 2 Less than 5 2

40 5-10 5 Less than 10 7


(180, 40)
30 (160, 34) 10-15 6 Less than 15 13
20 (140, 26) 15-20 8 Less than 20 21
[2]
10 (120, 12) 20-25 10 Less than 25 31
x
O 25-30 25 Less than 30 56
120 140 160 180 200
Number of workers 30-35 20 Less than 35 76

35-40 18 Less than 40 94


6. Cumulative
[1]
Class Frequency 40-45 4 Less than 45 98
Frequency

0 – 10 f1 f1 45-50 2 Less than 50 100

10 – 20 5 5 + f1
14 + f1
Let us now plot the points corresponding to the
20 – 30 9
30 – 40 12 26 + f1 ordered pairs (5, 2), (10, 7), (15, 13), (20, 21),
40 – 50 f2 26 + f1 + f 2 (25, 31), (30, 56), (35, 76), (40, 94), (45, 98),
50 – 60 3 29 + f1 + f 2 (50, 100). Join all the points by a smooth curve.
60 –70 2 31 + f1 + f 2
Y
Total = 40 = n 100 (45, 98) (50, 100) [1]
(40, 94)
90
Scale

f1 + 5 + 9 + 12 + f2 + 3 + 2 = 40 X-axis 1 cm = 10 units
80
(35, 76)
Y-axis 1 cm = 10 units
f1 + f2 = 40 – 31 = 9 ...(i) 70
Cumulative Freq uency

Median = 32.5 [Given] 60


(30, 56)

 Median Class is 30 – 40 50

 = 30, h = 10, cf = 14 + f1, f = 12 [1] 40

(25, 31)
30
n 
  cf  (20, 21)
Median =    2 h [½] 20
 f  (15, 13)
10 (10, 7)
(Median = 28.8)
 40  (14  f )  (5, 2)
X
 1 
32.5 = 30   2
0
  10
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
[½]
 12  Marks

10
2.5 = (20  14  f1 ) n 100
12 Locate   50 on Y-axis
2 2
3 = 6 – f1
From this point draw a line parallel to X-axis
f1 = 3 [½]
cutting the curve at a point. From this point,
On putting in (i),
draw a perpendicular to X-axis. The point of
f1 + f2 = 9 intersection of perpendicular with the X-axis
f2 = 9 – 3 [∵ f1 = 3] determines the median of the data.

=6 [½] Therefore median = 28.8 [1]


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88 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
8. Class Frequency Class xifi
[1]  f1  f0 
mark (xi) Mode  I   h
 2f1  f0  f2 
0 – 20 6 10 60
 12  10 
20 – 40 8 30 240  60     20
 2  12  10  6 
40 – 60 10 50 500
= 65 [1]
60 – 80 12 70 840
9. Weight Cumulative [2]
80 – 100 6 90 540
(More than type)
100 – 120 5 110 550
120 – 140 3 130 390 More than 38 35

fi = 50 fi xi = 3120 More than 40 32

More than 42 30
Mean 
 xi fi
 fi More than 44 26

More than 46 21
3120
 More than 48 7
50
= 62.4 [1] More than 50 3

More than 52 0
Less than
Class f cumulative Weight (in kg) Number of students
frequency Upper class limits (Cumulative frequency)

0 – 20 6 6
Less than 38 0
20 – 40 8 14
Less than 40 3
40 – 60 10 24
Less than 42 5
60 – 80 12 36
80 – 100 6 42 Less than 44 9

100 – 120 5 47 Less than 46 14

120 – 140 3 50 Less than 48 28

Less than 50 32
 n = fi = 50
More than 52 35
n [2]
 25
2 Taking upper class limits on x-axis and their
 Median class = 60 – 80 [1] respective cumulative frequency on y-axis its
ogive give can be drawn as follows:
n  y
  c.f 
Median  I   2
35
h
 f  30 Less than
 
25
frequency (cf)

 25  24  20
Cumulative

Median  60     20
 12  15
Median = 61.66 [1] 10

Mode : 5 More than

Maximum class frequency = 12 x


0
38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
 Model class = 60 – 80 [1] Upper class limits

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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 89
Here, n = 35
N
So,  25
2
n
 17.5
2 Cumulative frequency just greater than 25 is 37.
There is a intersection point of less than and
more than ogive mark that point A whose  Median class 40–50
ordinate is 17.5 and its x-coordinate is 46.5.
Therefore, median of this data is 46.5. [2]
N 
10. Class fi Class Fixi [1]   C.f 
mark(xi) Median     2 h
 f 
0 – 10 4 5 20  
10 – 20 4 15 60
Here  = 40
20 – 30 7 25 175
N = 50
30 – 40 10 35 350
Cf = 25, f = 12, h = 10
40 – 50 12 45 540

50 – 60 8 55 440  25  25 
Median  40    10  40  0
60 – 70 5 65 325  12 

f i = 50 f ixi = 1910
Median  40 [1]
1910
mean   38.2 [1]
50 Mode :

Frequency Cumulative
Class frequency
Maximum frequency = 12 so modal class 40 – 50

0 – 10 4 4
 f1  f0 
mode     
10 – 20 4 8  2f1  f0  f2 

20 – 30 7 15
Here  = 40, h = 10
30 – 40 10 25 f0 = 10 f1 = 12 f2 = 8
40 – 50 12 37
 12  10 
Mode = 40     10
50 – 60 8 45  2  12  10  8 
60 – 70 5 50
Mode = 40 + 3.33
N = 50
[1] = 43.33 [2]

Chapter - 15 : Probability

1. Total possible outcomes = 6 2. Two coins are tossed simultaneously


Outcomes which are less than 3 = 1, 2 [½] Total possible outcomes = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
Number of total outcomes = 4
2
Probability  Favourable outcomes for getting exactly
6
One head = {HT, TH} [½]
1 2 1
 [½] Probability   [½]
3 4 2
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90 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
3. A card is drawn from well shuffled 52 playing Let event E be defined as ‘getting a prime
cards so total no of possible outcomes = 52 number less than 23’. [½]
Number of face cards = 12 n(E) = 8
Number of Red face cards = 6 [½] Number of favourable outcomes
 P E  
6 Number of possible outcomes
Probability of drawing 
52 8 4
  [½]
3 90 45
A red face card  [½]
26 8. Answer (D)
4. Answer (C) Possible outcomes on rolling the two dice are
Number of aces in deck of cards = 4 given below :

Probability of drawing an ace card {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),

Number of ace 4 (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
  [½]
Total cards 52 (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
Probability that the card is not an Ace (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),

4 12 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
 1  [½]
52 13
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)} [½]
5. Answer (C)
Total number of outcomes = 36
When two dice are thrown together, the total
Favourable outcomes are given below:
number of outcomes is 36.
{(2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 6), (6, 2),
Favourable outcomes = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3),
(6, 4), (6, 6)}
(4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)} [½]
Total number of favourable outcomes = 9
 Required probability
•  Probability of getting an even number on both
Number of favourable outcomes 6 1 dice
   [½]
Total number of outcomes 36 6
Total number of favourable outcomes

6. Answer (A) Total number of outcomes
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 9 1
  [½]
Let event E be defined as ‘getting an even 36 4
number’. 9. Answer (C)
n(E) = {2, 4, 6} [½] Total number of possible outcomes = 30
Number of favourable outcomes 3
 P E    Prime numbers from 1 to 30 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,
Number of possible outcomes 6 13, 17, 19, 23 and 29.
1 Total number of favourable outcomes = 10 [½]
 [½]
2
 Probability of selecting a prime number from
7. Answer (C) 1 to 30
S = {1, 2, 3,..90} Total number of favourable outcomes

n(S) = 90 Total number of outcomes

The prime number less than 23 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 1


  [½]
11, 13, 17, and 19. 30 3
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 91
10. Two dice are tossed 14. The total number of outcomes is 50.
S = [(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3),(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), Favourable outcomes = {12, 24, 36, 48} [1]
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),  Required probability
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), Number of
favourable outcomes 4 2
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),    [1]
Total number 50 25
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), of outcomes
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)] [½] 15. Let E be the event that the drawn card is neither
a king nor a queen.
Total number of outcomes when two dice are
tossed = 6 × 6 = 36 Total number of possible outcomes = 52
Favourable events of getting product as 6 are: Total number of kings and queens = 4 + 4 = 8
(1 × 6 = 6), (6 × 1 = 6), (2 × 3 = 6), (3 × 2 = 6) Therefore, there are 52 – 8 = 44 cards that are
neither king nor queen. [1]
i.e. (1, 6), (6, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2)
Total number of favourable outcomes = 44
Favourable events of getting product as 6 = 4
 Required probability = P(E)
4 1
 P(getting product as 6)   [½] Favourable outcomes 44 11
36 9    [1]
Total number of outcomes 52 13
11. There are 26 red cards including 2 red queens.
16. Rahim tosses two coins simultaneously. The
Two more queens along with 26 red cards will be
sample space of the experiment is {HH, HT, TH,
26 + 2 = 28
and TT}.
28
•  P(getting a red card or a queen)  [½] Total number of outcomes = 4
52
Outcomes in favour of getting at least one tail on
 P(getting neither a red card nor a queen) tossing the two coins = {HT, TH, TT} [1]
28 24 6 Number of outcomes in favour of getting at least
 1   [½]
52 52 13 one tail = 3
12. Probability of selecting rotten apple •  Probability of getting at least one tail on
Number of rotten apples tossing the two coins
 [½]
Total number of apple
Number of favourable outcomes 3
  [1]
Number of rotten apples Total number of outcomes 4
 0.18 
900
17. Sample space = S = {(1, 1) (1, 2)...,(6, 6)}
Number of rotten apples = 900 × 0.18 = 162 [½]
n(s) = 36
13. A ticket is drawn at random from 40 tickets
(i) A = getting a doublet
Total outcomes = 40
A = {(1, 1), (2, 2) ......., (6, 6)}
Out of the tickets numbered from 1 to 40 the
n(A) = 6
number of tickets which is multiple of 5 = 5, 10,
15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 n( A) 6 1
 P ( A)    [1]
= 8 tickets n(S ) 36 6

 Favorable outcomes = 8 [1] (ii) B = getting sum of numbers as 10


B = {(6, 4), (4, 6), (5, 5)}
8
•  Probability 
40 n(B) = 3

1 n(B ) 3 1
 [1] P (B )    [1]
5 n(S ) 36 12
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92 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
18. An integer is chosen at random from 1 to 100 11
P (5 will come up on either side) [1]
Therefore n(S) = 100 36
11
(i) Let A be the event that number chosen is P (5 will not come up)  1 
divisible by 8 36

 A = {8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 25

88, 96} 36

 n(A) = 12 11
(ii) P (5 will come at least once)  [1]
36
Now, P (that number is divisible by 8)
1
n( A ) (iii) P (5 will come up on both dice)  [1]
 P ( A)  36
n(S )
35  1
22. Total number of cards  1
12 6 3 2
   [1]
100 50 25 = 18 [1]
3 (i) Favourable outcomes = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13}
P ( A) 
25 5
P(prime number less than 15)  [1]
(ii) Let ‘A’ be the event that number is not 18
divisible by 8. (ii) Favourable outcomes = {15}
 P(A’) = 1 – P(A) 1
P(a number divisible by 3 and 5)  [1]
18
3 22
 1 P ( A)  [1] 23. Two dice are rolled once. So, total possible
25 25
outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36 [1]
19. Total possible outcomes are (HHH), (HHT), Product of outcomes will be 12 for
(HTH), (THH), (TTH), (THT), (HTT), (TTT) i.e., 8.
(2, 6), (6, 2), (3, 4) and (4, 3). [1]
The favourable outcomes to the event E 'Same
Number of favourable cases = 4
result in all the tosses' are TTT, HHH. [1]
4 1
So, the number of favourable outcomes = 2 Probability   [1]
36 9
2 1
 P (E )   24. A disc drawn from a box containing 80 [1]
8 4
Total possible outcomes = 80
Hence, probability of losing the game = 1 – P(E)
Number of cases where the disc will be
1 3 numbered perfect square = 8
 1–  [1]
4 4 Perfect squares less than 80 [1]
20. Total outcomes = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 = 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64
Prime numbers = 2, 3, 5 8 1
Probability   [1]
Numbers lie between 2 and 6 = 3, 4, 5 80 10
25. Total number of outcomes = 52
3 1
(i) P (Prime Numbers)   [1] (i) Probability of getting a red king
6 2
Here the number of favourable outcomes = 2
3 1
(ii) P (Numbers lie between 2 and 6)   [1]
6 2 Number of
favourable outcomes 2
21. Total outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36 Probability  
Total number 52
of outcomes
(i) Total outcomes when 5 comes up on either
dice are (5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 1
 [1]
6) (6, 5) (4, 5) (3, 5) (2, 5) (1, 5) 26
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 93
(ii) Favourable outcomes = 12 27. When three coins are tossed together, the
possible outcomes are
12 3
Probability   [1] HHH, HTH, HHT, THH, THT, TTH, HTT, TTT
52 13
(iii) Probability of queen of diamond.  Total number of possible outcomes = 8
(i) Favourable outcomes of exactly two heads
Number of queens of diamond = 1, hence
are HTH, HHT, THH
Probability
 Total number of favourable outcomes = 3
Number of favourable outcomes 1 3
 
Total number of outcomes 52
[1]  P(exactly two heads)  [1]
8
26. Here the jar contains red, blue and orange balls. (ii) Favourable outcomes of at least two heads
Let the number of red balls be x. are HHH, HTH, HHT, THH

Let the number of blue balls be y.  Total number of favourable outcomes = 4


4 1
Number of orange balls = 10  P(at least two heads)   [1]
8 2
Total number of balls = x + y + 10
(iii) Favourable outcomes of at least two tails
Now, let P be the probability of drawing a ball are THT, TTH, HTT, TTT
from the jar
 Total number of favourable outcomes = 4
x 4 1
P(a red ball) 
x  y  10  P(at least two tails)   [1]
8 2
1 x 28. Bag contains 15 white balls.
 
4 x  y  10 Let say there be x black balls.
 4x = x + y + 10 Probability of drawing a black ball
 3x – y = 10 (i) [1] x
P (B )  [1]
Next, 15  x
Probability of drawing a white ball
y
P(a blue ball) 
x  y  10 15
P (W ) 
15  x
1 y
  Given that P(B) = 3P(W) [1]
3 x  y  10
x 3  15
 3y = x + y + 10  
15  x 15  x
 2y – x = 10 (ii) [1] x = 45 [1]
Multiplying eq. (i) by 2 and adding to eq. (ii), we Number of black balls = 45
get
29. The group consists of 12 persons.
6 x  2y  20
 Total number of possible outcomes = 12
 x  2y  10
Let A denote event of selecting persons who are
5x  30
extremely patient.
 x=6  Number of outcomes favourable to A is 3.[1]
Substitute x = 6 in eq. (i), we get y = 8 Let B denote event of selecting persons who are
extremely kind or honest. Number of persons
Total number of balls = x + y + 10 = 6 + 8 +
who are extremely honest is 6. Number of
10 = 24
persons who are extremely kind is 12 – (6 + 3)
Hence, total number of balls in the jar is 24. [1] =3 [1]

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94 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
 Number of outcomes favourable to (iv) Total number of outcomes = 49
B = 6 + 3 = 9. We know that there is only one even prime
Number of outcomes favourable to A number which is 2.
(i) P  A 
Total number of possible outcomes Total number of favourable outcomes = 1

3 1  Required probability
  [1]
12 4 Total number of
favourable outcomes 1
Number of outcomes favourable to B   [1]
(ii) P  B   Total number 49
Total number of possible outcomes of outcomes
9 3 31. Let S be the sample space of drawing a card
  [1]
12 4 from a well-shuffled deck.
Each of the three values, patience, honesty and n(S) = 52
kindness is important in one‘s life. (i) There are 13 spade cards and 4 ace's in a
30. Total number of cards = 49 deck. As ace of spade is included in 13
spade cards, so there are 13 spade cards
(i) Total number of outcomes = 49 and 3 ace's.
The odd numbers from 1 to 49 are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, A card of spade or an ace can be drawn in
11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, = 16 ways
35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 and 49.
Probability of drawing a card of spade or an
Total number of favourable outcomes = 25 16 4
ace   [1]
 Required probability 52 13
(ii) There are 2 black king cards in a deck a
Total number of card of black king can be drawn in = 2 ways
favourable outcomes 25
  [1]
Total number 49 2 1
of outcomes Probability of drawing a black king  
52 26
(ii) Total number of outcomes = 49
[1]
The number 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
and 45 are multiples of 5. (iii) There are 4 Jack and 4 King cards in a
deck.
The number of favourable outcomes = 9
So there are 52 – 8 = 44 cards which are
 Required probability neither Jacks nor Kings. A card which is neither
Total number of a Jack nor a King.
favourable outcomes 9
  [1] Can be drawn in = 44 ways
Total number 49
of outcomes Probability of drawing a card which is neither a
44 11
(iii) Total number of outcomes = 49 Jack nor a King   [1]
52 13
The number 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 and 49 are (iv) There are 4 King and 4 Queen cards in a
perfect squares. deck.
Total number of favourable outcomes = 7 So there are 4 + 4 = 8 cards which are either
King or Queen.
 Required probability
A card which is either a King or a Queen can
Total number of favourable outcomes be drawn in = 8 ways

Total number of outcomes
So, probability of drawing a card which is either
7 1 8 2
  [1] a King or a Queen   [1]
49 7 52 13
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Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 95
32. x is selected from 1, 2, 3 and 4 Similarly,

1, 2, 3, 4 Both outcomes odd = 9 cases


Total favourable cases = 9 + 9 =18
y is selected from 1, 4, 9 and 16
18
Let A = {1, 4, 9, 16, 2, 8, 18, 32, 3, 12, 27, 48, Probability that 
36
36, 64} which consists of elements that are
product of x and y. [2] 1
Sum of the even outcomes is . [1]
2
P(product of x and y is less than 16)
(ii) Product of outcomes is even
Number of outcomes less than 16
 [1] This is possible when
Total number of outcomes
 Both outcomes are even
7  First outcome even & the other odd

14
 First outcome odd & the other even
1
 [1] Number of cases where both outcomes are
2 even = 9 [1]
33. Two dice are thrown together total possible Number of cases for first outcome odd and
outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36 the other even = 9
(i) Sum of outcomes is even Number of cases for first outcome even and
the other odd = 9
This can be possible when
Total favourable cases = 9 + 9 + 9 = 27
 Both outcomes are even
27
 Both outcomes are odd Probability 
36
For both outcomes to be even number of 3
 [1]
cases = 3 × 3 = 9 [1] 4

‰ ‰ ‰

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