CBSE-X Chapterwise (Previous Years) Qs - Maths - SOL-min
CBSE-X Chapterwise (Previous Years) Qs - Maths - SOL-min
CBSE-X Chapterwise (Previous Years) Qs - Maths - SOL-min
MATHEMATICS
HINTS & SOLUTIONS
Class X (CBSE)
MATHEMATICS
Chapter - 1 : Real Numbers
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
2 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Case (iii) a = 3q + 2 Common prime factor = 2, Least exponent = 2
a2 = (3q + 2)2 HCF = 22 = 4 [1]
= 9q2 + 12q + 4 To find the LCM, we list all prime factors of 404
= 3(3q2 + 4q + 1) + 1 and 96 and their greatest exponent as follows :
p LCM = 25 × 31 × 1011
3 2
q = 25 × 31 × 1011
{p, q are co-prime integers and q 0} [1]
= 9696 [1]
p
2 3 Now,
q
HCF × LCM = 9696 × 4 = 38784
p 3q
2 [1] Product of two numbers = 404 × 96 = 38784
q
Therefore, HCF × LCM = Product of two
p 3q numbers. [1]
Since, is a rational number but we know
q
2 is an irrational. 13. Let 2 be rational. Then, there exist positive
Irrational rational a
integers a and b such that 2 . [Where a
b
3 2 is not a rational number. [1] and b are co-prime, b 0]. [½]
2
11. Let assume 2 3 5 is a rational number. 2 a
( 2) [½]
p b
23 5 ,
q a2
2
(where p, q are co-prime integers and q 0) b2
p 2b2 = a2
2 3 5 [1]
q 2 divides a2
2q p 2 divides a
5 ...(i)
3q
Let a = 2c for some integer c. [½]
2q p a2 = 4c2
Since, is a rational number but we also
3q
2b2 = 4c2
know 5 is an irrational [1]
b2 = 2c2
Rational irrational.
2 divides b2
Our assumption is wrong.
2 divides b ...(ii) [½]
2 3 5 is an irrational number. [1]
From (i) and (ii), we get
12. Using the factor tree for the prime factorization of
2 is common factor of both a and b.
404 and 96, we have
But this contradicts the fact that a and b have
404 = 22 × 101 and 96 = 25 × 3
no common factor other than 1. [½]
To find the HCF, we list common prime factors
Our supposition is wrong.
and their smallest exponent in 404 and 96 as
under : Hence, 2 is an irrational number. [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 3
Chapter - 2 : Polynomials
x
2 2 3
f (x) x 2 3 x 2 3 (2x 1)( x 1)
x = –3
1
Hence, the other two zeros are and 1. [1]
All zeroes will be 3, 2, 2 [1] 2
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
4 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
8. For given polynomial 1
[½]
x2 – (k + 6)x + 2(2k – 1), [½] 2
Let the zeroes be and . 1
k 6 (4k 2)
2
b c 4k 2
So, k 6, [1] k + 6 = 2k – 1
a a 1
k = 7
1
∵ Sum of zeroes (product of zeroes)
2 So, the value of k is 7. [1]
a x = 2 in (i)
x y 2a
b 2 + 3y = 8
ax by 3y = 6
a b [1]
b a
y=2 [½]
____________________
x=2
ba
y ab [½] y=2 [½]
a
9. Let the present age of father be x years and the
y = –a sum of present ages of his two children be y
Substituting y = –a in (i) years. [½]
According to question
a b
x ( a ) a b [½]
b a x = 3y [½]
a x – 3y = 0 ...(i)
x a
b After 5 years,
x=b x + 5 = 2(y + 10)
x = b and y = –a [½] x – 2y = 15 ...(ii) [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
6 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
On subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get : 11. Let AB be the pillar of height 9 meter. The
peacock is sitting at point A on the pillar and B
x 2y 15
is the foot of the pillar. (AB = 9)
x 3y 0
[1] Let C be the position of the snake which is at
27 meters from B. (BC = 27 and ABC = 90°)
y 15
As the speed of the snake and of the peacock
On substituting the value of y = 15 in (i), we get : is same they will travel the same distance in
x – 3 × 15 = 0 the same time
x = 45 [½] Now take a point D on BC that is equidistant
Hence, the present age of father is 45 years. from A and C (Please note that snake is moving
towards the pillar) [½]
10. Let the numerator of required fraction be x and
the denominator of required fraction be y (y 0) A
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 7
x2 – (m + 3)x + mx – m(m + 3) = 0 [½] (4)2 –4×k0
x(x – (m + 3)) + m(x – (m + 3)) = 0 –4k –16
(x – (m + 3))(x + m) = 0 k4
x = –m, m + 3 [½] k has all real values 4 [½]
It is given that 1 is a root of the equations ∵ Roots of given equation are reciprocal of each
ay2 + ay + 3 = 0 and y2 + y + b = 0. other.
1
Therefore, y = 1 will satisfy both the equations. Let the roots be and . [½]
a(1)2 + a(1) + 3 = 0
c
a+a+3=0 Product of roots
a
2a + 3 = 0 [½]
1 k
.
3 3
a
2 k = 3 [½]
Also, (1)2 + (1) + b = 0 9. Given; mx(x – 7) + 49 = 0
1+1+b=0 mx2 – 7mx + 49 = 0
b = –2
D (7m )2 4m 49 [1]
3
ab 2 3 [½] 49m 2 4m 49 0
2
5. Given quadratic equation is, 49 m 2 4m 49
m=4 [∵ m 0] [1]
px 2 2 5 px 15 0
10. Given quadratic equation is 3x2 – 2kx + 12 = 0
Here, a p, b 2 5 p, c 15 Here a = 3, b = –2k and c = 12.
For real equal roots, discriminant = 0 The quadratic equation will have equal roots if
b2 – 4ac = 0 [½] =0
b2 – 4ac = 0
2
2
5p 4 p(15) 0
Putting the values of a, b and c we get
20p2 – 60p = 0 (2k)2 – 4(3)(12) = 0 [1]
20p(p – 3) = 0 4k2 – 144 = 0
p = 3 or p = 0 4k2 = 144
But, p = 0 is not possible. 144
k2 36
p=3 [½] 4
Considering square root on both sides,
6. ∵ x = 3 is one of the root of x2 – 2kx – 6 = 0
(3)2 – 2k(3) – 6 = 0 k 36 6
3 – 6k = 0 [½] 11. 4 3x 2 5x 2 3 0
3 = 6k 4 3x 2 8x 3x 2 3 0
k
3 1
[½]
4x
3x 2 3
3x 2 0 [1]
6 2
7. x2 + 4x + k = 0
4x 3 3x 2 0
∵ Roots of given equation are real, 3 2
x or x [1]
D0 [½] 4 3
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
8 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
12. Comparing the given equation with the standard Substituting p = 7 in p(x2 + x) + k = 0, we get
quadratic equation (ax2 + bx + c = 0), we get 7(x2 + x) + k = 0
a = 2, b = a and c = –a2
7x2 + 7x + k = 0
2
b b 4ac The roots of the equation are equal.
Using the quadratic formula, x ,
2a Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = 0
we get :
Here, a = 7, b = 7, c = k
a a 2 4 2 ( a ) 2 b2 – 4ac = 0
x [1]
22
(7)2 – 4(7)(k) = 0
a 9a 2 49 – 28k = 0
4 28k = 49
a 3a 49 7
k [1]
4 28 4
a 3a a a 3a 15. Quadratic equation px2 – 14x + 8 = 0
x or a
4 2 4
Also, one root is 6 times the other
So, the solutions of the given quadratic equation
Let say one root = x
a
are x or x a. [1] Second root = 6x
2
13. 4x2 + 4bx – (a2 – b2) = 0 14
From the equation : Sum of the roots
p
a2 b2
x 2 bx 0 8
4 Product of roots
p
b a2 b2
x 2 2 x x 6x
14
.
2 4 p
2 2
b b a2 b2 b 2
x 2 2 x [1] x [1]
2 2 4 2 p
2 8
b a2 6x 2
x p
2 4
2
b a 2 8
x 6
2 2 p
p
b a 64 8
x
2 2 p2 p
b a b a p=3 [1]
x ,
2 2 16. Let assume two numbers be x, y.
ab a b . [1]
Hence, the roots are and Given, x + y = 8 x = 8 – y ...(i)
2 2
1 1 8
14. Given –5 is a root of the quadratic equation [1]
x y 15
2x2 + px – 15 = 0.
xy 8 8 8
–5 satisfies the given equation.
xy 15 xy 15
2(–5)2 + p(–5) – 15 = 0 xy = 15 [1]
50 – 5p – 15 = 0 From (i) xy = y(8 – y) = 15
35 – 5p = 0 y2 – 8y + 15 = 0
5p = 35 y = 3, 5 x = 5, 3
p=7 [1] The numbers are 3 and 5. [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 9
17. x 2 3 5 x 10 0 k(k – 5) + 3(k – 5) = 0
a 3, b 2 2, c 2 3
2
3x 2 0
Now, D b 2 4ac
3x 2 0 [1]
2 2 3 2 3
2
3x 2 4
2 2 3 6 8 24 32 4 2
x [1] [1]
3
2 3
3
Using quadratic formula, we obtain
20. (k + 4)x2 + (k + 1)x + 1 = 0
b b 2 4ac
x
a = k + 4, b + k + 1, c = 1 2a
For equal roots, discriminant, D = 0 [1]
x
2 2 4 2
b2 – 4ac = 0 2 3
(k + 1)2 – 4(k + 4) × 1 = 0 2 24 2 2 24 2
x or [1]
k2 + 2k + 1 – 4k – 16 = 0 2 3 2 3
k2 – 2k – 15 = 0 [1] 22 2 2 2 2
x or
k2 – 5k + 3k – 15 = 0 3 3
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
10 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
x – 4 = 0 or x – 2 = 0 4(x – y) = 16 x – y = 4
x=y+4 ...(ii) [1]
x = 4 and x = 2 [1]
Substituting the value of x from (ii) in (i), we get :
24. Given ad bc for the equation (a2 + b2)x2 +
2(ac + bd)x + (c2 + d 2) = 0. (y + 4)2 + y2 = 400
y2 + 16 + 8y + y2 = 400
For this equation not to have real roots its
discriminant < 0. [1] 2y2 + 16 + 8y = 400
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
12 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
By applying Pythagoras Theorem in ABD, we Multiply throughout by the L.C.M., we get
have,
(x + 2)(x + 4) + 2(x + 1)(x + 4) = 4(x + 1)
Diagonal2 = Length2 + Breadth2 [1] (x + 2)
(16 + b)2 = (14 + b)2 + b2 (x + 4)(x + 2 + 2x + 2) = 4(x2 + 3x + 2)
256 + b2 + 32b = 196 + b2 + 28b + b2 (x + 4)(3x + 4) = 4x2 + 12x + 8
256 + 32b = 196 + 28b + b2
3x2 + 16x + 16 = 4x2 + 12x + 8 [1]
60 + 32b = 28b + b2
x2 – 4x – 8 = 0
b2 – 4b – 60 = 0 [1]
Now, a = 1, b = –4, c = –8
b2 – 10b + 6b – 60 = 0
b(b – 10) + 6(b – 10) = 0 b b 2 4ac 4 16 32
x
(b + 6)(b – 10) = 0 2a 2
4 48 4 4 3 [1]
(b + 6) = 0 or (b – 10) = 0
2 2
b = –6 or b = 10
x 22 3 [1]
As breadth cannot be negative, breadth = 10 m
33. Let the speed of the stream be s km/h.
Thus, length of the rectangular field = 14 + 10
= 24 m. [1] Speed of the motor boat 24 km/h
31. Let x be the first speed of the train. Speed of the motor boat (upstream) = 24 – s
Distance Speed of the motor boat (downstream) = 24 + s
We know that, time
Speed [1]
Thus, we have, According to the given condition,
54 63
3 [1] 32 32
x x6 1
24 s 24 s
54( x 6) 63 x
3 1 1
x ( x 6) 32 1 [1]
24 s 24 s
54(x + 6) + 63x = 3x(x + 6)
24 s 24 s
54x + 324 + 63x = 3x2 + 18x 32 1
576 s 2
117x + 324 = 3x2 + 18x [1]
32 × 2s = 576 – s2
3x2 – 117x – 324 + 18x = 0
s2 + 64s – 576 = 0
3x2 – 99x – 324 = 0
(s + 72)(s – 8) = 0 [1]
x2 – 33x – 108 = 0
x2 – 36x + 3x – 108 = 0 s = –72 or s = 8
x(x – 36) + 3(x – 36) = 0 Since, speed of the stream cannot be negative,
the speed of the stream is 8 km/h. [1]
(x + 3)(x – 36) = 0 [1]
(x + 3) = 0 or (x – 36) = 0 1 3 5 1
34. , x 1, , 4
x 1 5x 1 x 4 5
x = –3 or x = 36
Take L.C.M. on the left hand side of equation
Speed cannot be negative. Hence, initial speed
of the train is 36 km/hour. [1] 5 x 1 3( x 1) 5
[1]
1 2 4 ( x 1)(5 x 1) x4
32.
x 1 x 2 x 4
8x2 + 4x + 32x + 16 = 25x2 + 5 + 5x + 25x
L.C.M. of all the denominators is (x + 1)(x + 2)
(x + 4) [1] 17x2 – 6x – 11 = 0 [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 13
17x2 – 17x + 11x – 11 = 0 24[ 2 x ]
1 [½]
17x(x – 1) + 11(x – 1) = 0 324 x 2
(x – 1)(17x + 11) = 0 [1] –324 + x2 = –48x
x2 + 48x – 324 = 0 [½]
11
x , 1 [1]
17 x2 + 54x – 6x – 324 = 0
35. Two taps when run together fill the tank (x + 54)(x – 6) = 0
1 x = –54 or x = 6 [½]
in 3 hrs
13
x = –54 km/hr (not possible) [½]
Say taps are A, B and
Therefore, speed of the stream = 6 km/hr.
A fills the tank by itself in x hrs
37. Let x be the original average speed of the train
B fills tank in (x + 3) hrs [1]
for 63 km.
1
Portion of tank filled by A (in 1 hr) Then, (x + 6) will be the new average speed for
x remaining 72 km. [½]
1
Portion of tank filled by B (in 1hr) Total time taken to complete the journey is 3 hrs.
x3
63 72
13 3 [½]
Portion of tank filled by A and B (both in 1hr) x ( x 6)
40
Distance
1
1
13 Time =
[1] Speed
x x 3 40
63 x 378 72 x
(x + 3 + x)40 = 13(x)(x + 3) 3 [½]
x ( x 6)
80x + 120 = 13x2 + 39x
135x + 378 = 3x2 + 18x [½]
13x2 – 41x – 120 = 0
x2 – 39x – 126 = 0 [½]
13x2 – 65x + 24x – 120 = 0
(x – 42)(x + 3) = 0 [½]
24
x = 5 or
13 x 42 OR x 3 [½]
[But negative value not be taken] [1] Since, speed cannot be negative.
A fills tank in 5 hrs Therefore x = 42 km/hr. [½]
B fills tank in 8 hrs [1] 38. Let the time in which tap with longer and smaller
36. Let the speed of stream be x km/ hr. diameter can fill the tank separately be x hours
and y hours respectively. [½]
Now, for upstream: speed = (18 – x) km/hr
According to the question
24
Time taken hr [½]
18 x 1 1 8
...(i) [½]
x y 15
Now, for downstream: speed = (18 + x) km/hr
and x = y – 2 ...(ii) [½]
24
Time taken hr [½] On substituting x = y – 2 from (ii) in (i), we get
18 x
Given that, 1 1 8
[½]
y 2 y 15
24 24
1 [½]
18 x 18 x y y 2 8
24 24 y 2 2y 15
1
18 x 18 x 15(2y – 2) = 8(y2 – 2y)
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
14 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
4y2 – 20y – 3y + 15 = 0 9(a b ) 3(a b )
x
(4y – 3)(y – 5) = 0 18
3a 3b a b 3a 3b a b
3 x , [1]
y ,y 5 [½] 6 6
4
2a b a 2b
Substituting values of y in (ii), we get x ; [1]
3 3
3
x 2 x 52 41. –5 is root of 2x2 + px – 15 = 0
4
5 2(–5)2 + p(–5) – 15 = 0 [1]
x x 3
4 10 – p – 3 = 0
[½]
5
x p=7 [1]
4
time cannot p(x2 + x) + k = 0 has equal roots. [1]
be negative
7x2 + 7x + k = 0 [As we know p = 7] [1]
Hence, the time taken by tap with longer
diameter is 3 hours and the time taken by tap Discriminant = 0
with smaller diameter is 5 hours, in order to fill D = 49 – 28k [1]
the tank separately. [½]
28k = 49
39. Let assume the two numbers to be x, y (y > x)
7
Given that y – x = 4 y = 4 + x ...(i) [1] k [1]
4
1 1 4
[1] 42. Let the required three integers be (x – 1), x and
x y 21 (x + 1). [1]
yx 4 Now, (x – 1)2 + [x.(x + 1)] = 46
xy 21
(x2 – 2x + 1) + [x2 + x] = 46 [1]
4 4
[1] 2x2 – x – 45 = 0
xy 21
xy = 21 2x2 – 10x + 9x – 45 = 0 [1]
x2 + 4x – 21 = 0 (x – 5)(2x + 9) = 0 [1]
(x + 7)(x – 3) = 0 x = 5 or x = –9/2
x = –7, 3 [1] So, x = 5 [Because it is given that x is a positive
integer] [1]
y = –3, 7
Numbers are –7, –3 or 3, 7 [1] Thus, the required integers are (5 –1), i.e. 4, 5
and 6. [1]
40. 9x2 – 9(a + b)x + (2a2 + 5ab + 2b2) = 0
43. Let the smaller number be x and larger number
Discriminant be y.
D = 81(a + b)2 – 36(2a2 + 5ab + 2b2) [1] y2 – x2 = 88 ...(i)
D = 9[9a2 + 9b2 + 18ab – 8a2 – 8b2 – 20ab]
y = 2x – 5 ...(ii) [1]
D = 9[a2 + b2 – 2ab] [1]
In equation (i)
2
D 9(a b ) [1] (2x – 5)2 – x2 = 88 [1]
4x2 – 20x + 25 – x2 = 88
9(a b ) 9(a b )2
x [1]
29 3x2 – 20x – 63 = 0 [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 15
By splitting the middle term, 16 6 2
x [1]
3x2 – 27x + 7x – 63 = 0 4
3x(x – 9) + 7(x – 9) = 0 [1] 3 2
x 4 [1]
(x – 9)(3x + 7) = 0 2
We cannot take negative value because x must Let the number of books be x.
be greater than 5. 80
So, the cost of each book = ` [1]
So, smaller number = 9 x
And larger number = 2x – 5 = 18 – 5 = 13 [1] Cost of each book if he buy 4 more book
80
44. A B = ` [1]
180 km x4
Distance travelled by train = 180 km, let say As per given in question :
speed = s km/hr
80 80
1 [1]
180 x x4
Time taken (t ) [1]
s 80 x 320 80 x
1
It is given if speed had been (s + 9) km/hr x ( x 4)
14 Common difference =
2a
5 1 6q 1 1 6q 1 6q
2 [1]
7 3q 3q 3q 3q
a [½]
5 7. Answer (C)
3. Given an AP which has sum of first p terms
The first three terms of an AP are 3y - 1, 3y + 5
= ap2 + bp
and 5y + 1, respectively.
Lets say first term = k & common difference = d
We need to find the value of y.
p
ap 2 bp 2k ( p 1)d We know that if a, b and c are in AP, then :
2
b–a=c–b
2ap + 2b = 2k + (p – 1)d
2b = a + c
2b + 2ap = (2k – d) + pd [½]
2(3y + 5) = 3y – 1 + 5y + 1 [½]
Comparing terms on both sides,
6y + 10 = 8y
2a d
10 = 8y – 6y
2k – d = 2b
2y = 10
2k = 2b + 2a
y=5
k ab Hence the correct option is C. [½]
Common difference = 2a 8. If k + 9, 2k – 1 and 2k + 7 are the consecutive
First term = a + b [½] terms of AP, then the common difference will be
4. Answer (C) the same.
AP = d = 3 k – 10 = 8
= a + 57 a21 – a7 = 84 ...(i)
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 17
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i) Last term which is Tn
a1 + 20d – a1 – 6d = 84 = a + (n – 1)d [½]
14d = 84 = a + (9)d
d=6 29 = 2 + 9d
Common difference = 6 [½]
d 3
10. a7 = 4
Common difference = 3 [½]
a + 6d = 4 (as an = a + (n – 1)d)
14. Two digit numbers divisible by 6 are,
but d = –4
12, 18..... 96 [1]
a + 6(–4) = 4 [½]
96 = 12 + (n – 1) × 6
a + (–24) = 4
[∵ an = a + (n – 1)d]
a = 4 + 24 = 28
Therefore first term a = 28 [½] 96 12
n 1 15 [½]
6
11. Two digit numbers divisible by 3 are
12, 15, 18, ....., 99. Two digit numbers divisible by 6 are 15. [½]
n – 1 = 30 an = a + (n – 1)d
31st term is 120 more than 12th term. [1] 994 = 105 + (n – 1)7
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
18 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
16. Let a be the first term and d be the common d=5 [½]
difference.
Substituting value of d in (ii), we have
Given : a = 5
2a + 9(5) = 47
Tn = 45
2a + 45 = 47
Sn = 400
2a = 2
We know :
a=1
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
45 = 5 + (n – 1)d Thus, the given AP is 1, 6, 11, 16,..... [½]
n a + (4 – 1)d = 0
And Sn (a Tn )
2 a + 3d = 0
n a = –3d
400 (5 45) ...(i) [½]
2
25th term of an AP = a25
n 400
= a + (25 – 1)d
2 50
n = 2 × 8 = 16 [½] = –3d + 24d ...[From (i)] [½]
On substituting n = 16 in (i), we get : = 21d
40 = (16 – 1)d 3 times 11th term of an AP = 3a11
40 = (15)d = 3[a + (11 – 1)d]
40 8
d = 3[a + 10d]
15 3
= 3[–3d + 10d]
8
Thus, the common difference is . [½] = 3 × 7d
3
17. S5 + S7 = 167 and S10 = 235 = 21d [½]
n a25 = 3a11
Now, Sn 2a (n 1)d
2 i.e., the 25th term of the AP is three times its
S5 + S7 = 167 11th term. [½]
5
2a 4d 7 2a 6d 167 1 1 3
19. Given progression 20, 19 , 18 , 17 , .....
2 2 4 2 4
5a + 10d + 7a + 21d = 167 This is an Arithmetic progression because
12a + 31d = 167 ...(i) [½]
Common difference
Also, S10 = 235
1 1 1
10 (d ) 19 20 18 19 ......
2a 9d 235 4 2 4
2
3
10a + 45d = 235 d [1]
4
2a + 9d = 47 ...(ii) [½]
3 83 3n
Multiplying equation (ii) by 6, we get Any nth term an 20 (n 1)
4 4
12a + 54d = 282 ...(iii) Any term an < 0 when 83 < 3n
Subtracting (i) from (iii), we get
83
n
12a 54d 282 3
( )12a 31d 167
n = 28
23d 115 28th term will be the first negative term. [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 19
20. First 8 multiples of 3 are 24. First term (a) = 5
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 Tn = 33
The above sequence is an AP [1] Sum of first n terms = 123
a = 3, d = 3 and last term l = 24
n
a Tn 123 [1]
n 8 2
Sn (a l ) [3 24] 4(27)
2 2 n
Sn = 108 [1] 8 33 123
2
21. Sn = 3n2 – 4n
n6 [1]
Let Sn – 1 be sum of (n – 1) terms
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
tn = Sn – Sn – 1 [½]
33 = 8 + (5)d
= (3n2 – 4n) – [3(n – 1)2 – 4(n – 1)] [½]
= (3n2 – 4n) – [3n2 – 6n + 3 – 4n + 4] [½] d 5 [1]
m(a + (m – 1)d) = n(a + (n – 1)d) 26. Sum of first ten terms = –150
ma + m(m – 1)d = na + n(n – 1)d Sum of next ten terms = 550
(m – n)a + d(m2 – m – n2 + n) = 0 [1] Lets say first term of AP = a
a(m – n) + d(m – n)(m + n – 1) = 0 Common difference = d
(m – n)[a + (m + n – 1)d] = 0 10
Sum of first ten terms [2a 9d ]
mn 2
a + (m + n – 1)d = 0 –150 = 5[2a + 9d]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
20 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
For sum of next ten terms the first term would 29. Sn = 3n2 + 4n
be T11 = a + 10d First term (a1) = S1 = 3(1)2 + 4(1) = 7
10 S2 = a1 + a2 = 3(2)2 + 4(2) = 20
550 [2(a 10d ) 9d ] [1]
2
a2 = 20 – a1 = 20 – 7 = 13
110 2a 29d ...(ii) [1]
So, common difference (d) = a2 – a1 = 13 – 7 = 6
Solving (i) and (ii) [1]
d = –4 Now, an = a + (n – 1)d
a=3
a25 = 7 + (25 – 1) × 6 = 7 + 24 × 6 = 7
AP will be 3, –1, –5, –9, –13, ..... [1] + 144 = 151 [1]
27. Given an AP 30. Let a be the first term and d be the common
Say first term = a difference of the given AP
Common difference = d Given :
Given T4 = 9 1
a7
a + 3d = 9 ...(i) [1] 9
Also T6 + T13 = 40 1
a9
7
a + 5d + a + 12d = 40
1
2a + 17d = 40 ...(ii) [1] a7 a (7 1)d
9
Solving (i) and (ii)
1
a=3 d=2 a 6d ...(i) [1]
9
AP will be 3, 5, 7, 9, ..... [1]
1
28. Let a and d respectively be the first term and the a9 a (9 1)d
7
common difference of the AP.
1
We know that the nth term of an AP is given by a 8d ...(ii) [1]
7
an = a + (n – 1)d
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get :
According to the given information,
2
A16 = 1 + 2a8 2d
63
a + (16 – 1)d = 1 + 2[a + (8 – 1)d]
1
a + 15d = 1 + 2a + 14d d [½]
63
–a + d = 1 ...(i) [1] 1
Putting d in equation (i), we get :
Also, it is given that, a12 = 47 63
a + (12 – 1)d = 47 1 1
a 6
a + 11d = 47 ...(ii) [1] 63 9
Adding (i) and (ii), we have : 1
a
12d = 48 63
1 1 63
d=4 a63 a (63 1)d 62 1
63 63 63
From (i),
Thus, the 63rd term of the given AP is 1. [½]
–a + 4 = 1
31. Here it is given that,
a=3 [½]
T14 = 2(T8)
Hence, a n = a + (n – 1)d = 3 + (n – 1)(4)
= 3 + 4n – 4 = 4n – 1 a + (14 – 1)d = 2[a + (8 – 1)d]
Hence, the nth term of the AP is 4n – 1. [½] a + 13d = 2[a + 7d]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 21
a + 13d = 2a + 14d 33. Given an A.P with first (a) = 8
13d – 14d = 2a – a Last term () = 350
–d = a ...(i) [1] Common difference (d) = 9
Now, it is given that its 6th term is –8. Tn = a + (n – 1)d
T6 = –8 = a + (n – 1)d = 350
a + (6 – 1)d = –8 8 + (n – 1)9 = 350 [1]
a + 5d = –8
n 39
–d + 5d = –8 [∵ Using (i)]
Number of terms = 39 [1]
4d = –8
Sum of the terms
d = –2
n
Substituting this in eq. (i), we get a = 2 [1] [a ]
2
Now, the sum of 20 terms,
39
n [8 350] [1]
Sn 2a (n 1)d 2
2
= 6981 [1]
20
S20 2a (20 1)d 34. Multiples of 4 between 10 and 250 are 12, 16,
2
...... 248. [1]
= 10[2(2) + 19(–2)]
We now have an A.P with first term = 12 and
= 10[4 – 38]
last term = 248 [1]
= –340 [1]
Common difference = 4
32. Let a 1, a 2 be the first terms and d 1, d 2 the
248 = 12 + (n – 1)4
common differences of the two given AP’s.
[∵ an = a + (n – 1)d] [1]
n
Thus, we have Sn 2a1 (n 1)d1 and
2 n 60
n
Sn 2a2 (n 1)d 2 Multiples of 4 between 10 and 250 are 60. [1]
2
35. Given : S20 = –240 and a = 7
n
Sn 2a1 (n 1)d1 2a1 (n 1)d1
2
Consider, S20 = –240
[½]
Sn n 2a (n 1)d 2a2 (n 1)d2
2 2 20
2 (2 7 19d ) 240 [1]
2
Sn 7n 1
It is given that ∵ S n 2a (n 1)d
Sn 4n 27 n
2
2a1 (n 1)d1 7n 1 10(14 + 19d) = –240
...(i) [½]
2a2 (n 1)d 2 4n 27
14 + 19d = –24 [1]
To find the ratio of the mth terms of the two
19d = –38
given AP's, replace n by (2m – 1) in equation (i).
d = –2 [1]
2a1 (2m 1 1)d1 7(2m 1) 1
Now, a24 = a + 23d = 7 + 23 × –2 = –39
2a2 (2m 1 1)d 2 4(2m 1) 27
[∵ an = a + (n – 1)d]
2a1 (2m 2)d1 14m 7 1
[1] Hence, a24 = –39 [1]
2a2 (2m 2)d 2 8m 4 27
36. Given AP is –12, –9, –6, ..., 21
a1 (m 1)d1 14m 6
First term, a = –12
a2 (m 1)d 2 8m 23
Hence, the ratio of the mth terms of the two AP's Common difference, d = 3 [1]
is 14m – 6 : 8m + 23. [1] Let 12 be the nth term of the AP.
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
22 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
12 = a + (n – 1)d t60 = 8 + 59 × 2
12 = –12 + (n – 1) × 3 [1] t60 = 8 + 118
24 = (n – 1) × 3 t60 = 126 [1]
n=9 We need to find the sum of the last 10 terms.
Sum of the terms of the AP = S9 Thus,
n
2a (n 1)d 9 24 8 3 0 [1] Sum of last 10 terms = Sum of first 60 terms –
2 2 Sum of first 50 terms
If 1 is added to each term of the AP, the sum [½]
of all the terms of the new AP will increase by
n
n, i.e., 9. Sn 2a (n 1)d
2
Sum of all the terms of the new AP = 0 + 9
60
=9 [1] S60 2 8 (60 1) 2
37. Let a and d be the first term and the common 2
difference of an AP respectively. S60 = 30[16 + 59 × 2]
nth term of an AP, an = a + (n – 1)d S60 = 30[134]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 23
40. Let the numbers be (a –3d), (a – d), (a + d) and 41. Let the first four terms be a, a + d, a + 2d,
(a + 3d) a + 3d
(a – 3d) + (a – d) + (a + d) + (a + 3d) = 32 a + a + d + a + 2d + a + 3d = 40 [½]
2a + 3d = 20 ...(i) [½]
4a = 32
Sum of first 14 terms = 280
a=8 [1]
n
2a (n 1) d 280 [½]
(a 3d )(a 3d ) 7 2
Also,
(a d )(a d ) 15 14
2a 13d 280
15a2 – 135d 2 = 7a2 – 7d 2 2
2a + 13d = 40 ...(ii) [1]
8a2 = 128d 2 [1]
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get d = 2
2
8a 888 Substituting the value of d in (i) [½]
d2
128 128 a=7
d2 =4 n
Sum of n terms 2a (n 1)d [½]
2
d = ±2 [1]
n
If d = 2 numbers are : 2, 6, 10, 14 14 (n 1)2
2
If d = –2 numbers are 14, 10, 6, 2 [1] = n2 + 6n [½]
Chapter - 6 : Triangles
B C N = R
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
24 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
In LMN, 7. A
L + M + N = 180°
M = 180° – 50° – 60° 1 2
D E
M = 70°
1 2
Q = 70° B C
4. P DE || BC
ADE ABC [By AA similarity] [½]
S T ar( ABC ) AB
2
ar( ADE ) AD
Q R [By area similarity theorem]
Given : PT = 2 cm, TR = 4 cm. So, PR = 6 cm 2
3
ST || QR
1
As it is given that ST || QR
9
[½]
PST ~ PQR 1
PS PT ST 8. E
[½]
PQ PR QR
2 2 2 F
ar( PST ) PS PT ST D C
Also,
ar( PQR ) PQ PR QR
2 2 A B
ar( PST ) PT 2
ar( PQR ) PR 6 In ABE and CFB,
Ratio : 1 : 9 [½] A = C (Opposite angles of a parallelogram)
5. H [1]
AEB = CBF
C A K (Alternate interior angles as AE || BC)
ABE ~ CFB (By AA similarly criterion)
B [1]
Given AHK ~ ABC 9. D
AH HK AK
[½] C
AB BC AC
Also, we know AK = 10 cm, BC = 3.5 cm and
HK = 7 cm.
A B
AK HK
In ABC
AC BC
10 7 AB2 + AD2 = BD2 ...(i)
AC 3.5 In ABC
AC 5 cm [½] AC2 + BC2 = AB2 ...(ii)
In ACD
ar( ABC ) AB 2
6. [½] AC2 + CD2 = AD2 ...(iii)
ar( PQR ) PQ 2
(Ratio of area of similar triangle is equal to Subtracting (iii) from (ii)
square of their proportional sides) AB2 – AD2 = BC2 – CD2 ...(iv) [1]
2 Adding (i) and (iv)
ar( ABC ) 1 1
[½]
ar( PQR ) 3 9 2AB2 = BD2 + BC2 – CD2
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 25
2AB2 = (BC + CD)2 + BC2 – CD2 2
BC 3BC
2
AC 2 AB [1]
2AB2 = BC2 + CD2 + 2BC.CD + BC2 – CD2 4 4
AB2 = BC(BC + CD) BC 2 9BC 2
AC 2 AB 2
AB2 = BC.BD [1] 16 16
10. C 9BC 2 BC 2
AC 2 AB 2
16
D 8BC 2
AC 2 AB 2
16
B A BC 2
AC 2 AB 2
In ABD, 2
By Pythagoras theorem, 2 AB 2 BC 2
AC 2 [1]
2
AB2 = BD2 + AD2 ...(i)
12. D
And in ADC, [1] A E
By Pythagoras theorem,
AC2 = CD2 + AD2 M
L
CD2 = AC2 – AD2 ...(ii) [1]
B C
On adding (i) and (ii), we get, In DME and CMB
AB2 + CD2 = BD2 + AD2 + AC2 – AD2 EDM = MCB [Alternate angles]
AB2 + CD2 = BD2 + AC2 [1] DM = CM [M is mid-point of CD]
Hence proved. DME = BMC [Vertically opposite angles]
11. A By ASA congruency DME CMB [1]
By CPCT
BM = ME
B C DE = BC
D
Now in
1
BD CD ;
3 ALE and BLC
BD + CD = BC ALE = BLC [VOA]
3 LAE = LCB [Alternate angles]
CD BC
4
By AA similarly
1
BD BC ALE ~ CLB [1]
4
In right ACD, AE AL LE
BC CL LB
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 ...(i) [1]
EL AE
(Pythagoras Theorem)
BL BC
In right ABD,
EL AD DE
AB2 = AD2 + BD2 ...(ii) BL BC
(Pythagoras Theorem) EL BC BC
From (i) and (ii), we get BL BC
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
26 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
13. A 15. A P
B C Q R
Let ABC be similar to PQR.
ar( ABC ) AB 2 BC 2 AC 2
B C [1]
D ar( PQR ) PQ 2 QR 2 PR 2
Given that BD = CD Given that ar(ABC) = ar(PQR)
AC BC ar( ABC )
1
In ABC, AB2 = BC2 + AC2 ar( PQR )
AB2 = (BD + CD)2 + AC2 AB 2 BC 2 AC 2
1 [1]
AB2 = (2CD)2 + AC2 PQ 2 QR 2 PR 2
a 90° –
A B A B
D
a Let A =
2a 2a
ACD = 90° – , BCD = , CBD = 90° –
D
[½]
E 2a
∵ CAD = BCD
3 3
A( ABC ) side 2 a2 ...(i) and ACD = CBD [½]
4 4
Using pythagoras theorem CAD ~ BCD [By AA similarity] [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 27
In right PCB, 19. Given : A right-angled triangle ABC in which
BP2 = PC2 + CB2 ...(ii) B = 90°.
On adding equations (i) and (ii), we get i.e., AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AQ2 + BP2 = AC2 + CQ2 + PC2 + CB2 [½] Construction : From B draw BD AC.
= (AC2 + CB2) + (CQ2 + PC2)
B
= AB2 + PQ2
[By Pythagoras theorem] [½]
[1]
18. Let the each side of ABC be ‘a’ unit.
A C
D
a
BD
3 Proof : In triangle ADB and ABC, we have
To prove : 9(AD)2 = 7(AB)2 ADB = ABC [Each equal to 90°]
Construction : Draw AM BC :
and,A = A [Common]
a a a
DM So, by AA-similarity criterion, we have
2 3 6
ADB ~ ABC
A
AD AB
[1]
AB AC
[1]
[∵ In similar triangles corresponding sides
B C
D M are proportional]
In ABM
AB2 = AD × AC ...(i)
AB2 = BM 2 + AM 2 ...(i)
In triangles BDC and ABC, we have
and in ADM
CDB = ABC [Each equal to 90°]
AD2 = AM 2 + DM 2 ...(ii)
AM and, C = C [Common]
In ABM, sin60 [1]
AB So, by AA-similarity criterion, we have
AM = ABsin60°
BDC ~ ABC
3
a DC BC
2 [1]
BC AC
Now, taking 9(AD)2
[∵ In similar triangles corresponding sides
9(AM 2 + DM 2) [1]
are proportional]
2 2
a 3 a BC2 = AC × DC
9 ...(ii)
2 6
Adding equation (i) and (ii), we get
3a 2 2 2
a 28a AB2 + BC2 = AD × AC + AC × DC
9 9
4 36 36
AB2 + BC2 = AC(AD + DC)
7(AB)2 = 7a2
AB2 + BC2 = AC × AC
or
9(AD2) = 7(AB2) AB2 + BC2 = AC2
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
28 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
20. A OA OB
...(i) [1]
AD BE
M N Similarly, in OEF, BC || EF (Given)
D E
OB OC
....(ii)
BE CF
Comparing (i) and (ii), we get
B C OA OC
AD CF
Construction: Join BE and CD and draw
perpendicular DN and EM to AC and AB Hence, AC || DF [1]
respectively. [By the converse of BPT ]
1 21. P
EM AD
ar( ADE ) 2 A
ar( BDE ) 1 BD EM
2
ar( ADE ) AD
...(i) [1] B C Q R
ar( BDE ) BD D S
Proof : Given ABC ~ PQR
Similarly,
A = P, B = Q, C = R
1
AE DN
ar( ADE ) 2 AB BC AC
...(i)
ar( CDE ) 1 EC DN PQ QR PR
2
Ratio of areas of ABC and PQR will be
ar( ADE ) AE
...(ii) [1]
ar( CDE ) EC 1
BC AD
ar( ABC ) 2
But ar(BDE) = ar(CDE) (∵ Triangles on same ...(ii) [1]
ar( PQR ) 1 QR PS
base DE and between the same parallels DE 2
and BC)
In ABD and PQS
Thus, equation (ii) becomes,
B = Q
ar( ADE ) AE ADB = PSQ = 90°
...(iii) [1]
ar( BDE ) EC
By AA similarity ABD ~ PQS
From equations (i) and (iii), we have,
AB AD BD
AD AE ...(iii) [1]
[1] PQ PS QS
BD EC
From (i) and (iii) we get
In the given figure, AB || DE and BC || EF.
AB BC CA AD
D
PQ QR PR PS
A
BC AD
...(iv)
B E QR PS
O
From (ii) and (iv)
C ar( ABC ) BC BC
F ar( PQR ) QR QR
In ODE, AB || DE (Given) ar( ABC ) (BC )2 ( AB )2 (CA)2
[1]
By basic proportionality theorem, ar( PQR ) (QR )2 (PQ )2 (PR )2
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 29
A P AB 2 BC 2 AC 2
1 [1]
PQ 2 QR 2 PR 2
B C Q R AB = PQ
Let ABC be similar to PQR. BC = QR
2 2 2
ar( ABC ) AB BC AC
[1] AC = PR
ar( PQR ) PQ 2 QR 2 PR 2
Hence, corresponding sides are equal.
Given that ar(ABC) = ar(PQR)
ABC PQR (SSS rule) [1]
ar( ABC )
1
ar( PQR ) Hence proved.
1. a , 4 6 2 , 5 3
A(6, –5) B(–2, 11)
P(2, p) 2 2 2
Given P is midpoint of AB a 8
[On comparing]
6 2 5 11 2 2
(2, p ) , [½]
2 2 a 8 [½]
(2, p) = (2, 3) 4. Answer (B)
p3 [½] Given 2 points are A(–6, 7) and B(–1, –5)
2. D C(6, 6) Distance between the points = AB
25 144
A(1, 2) B(4, 3)
AB = 13
Let O be the mid-point of diagonals AC and BD
of the parallelogram ABCD and coordinates of D 2AB = 26 [½]
is (x, y) then 5. Answer (B)
6 1, 6 2 x 4 , y 3 It is given that the point P divides AB in the ratio
[½]
2 2 2 2 2 : 1.
On comparing Using section formula, the coordinates of the
point P are
x4 7 8 y 3
,
2 2 2 2 1 1 2 4 , 1 3 2 6 1 8 , 3 12 (3, 5)
x=7–4 8=y+3 2 1 2 1 3 3
x=3 y=8–3=5 [½]
Hence coordinates of D = (3, 5) [½] Hence the coordinates of the point P are (3, 5).
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
30 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
The coordinates of the point A and B are (2, 3) 9. Using distance formula
and (x, y) respectively.
Using mid-point formula, we have, (OP ) ( x 0)2 ( y 0)2 [½]
2 x (OP ) x 2 y 2 [½]
2 4 2 x x 6
2
10. Let the centre be O and coordinates of point A
3y
5 10 3 y y 7 [½] be (x, y)
2
Hence, the coordinates of the other end of the x 1
2 [By Mid-point formula]
diameter are (–6, 7). [½] 2
7. Answer (C) x=3 [½]
y y 4
–3
5 2
4 y = –10 [½]
A(1, 3)
3
Coordinates of A = (3, –10)
2
1
11. Given points (k, 3), (6, –2), (–3, 4) are collinear
B C
x x Area of the triangle formed by these
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–1 points = 0 [½]
–2
1
k ( 2 4) 6(4 3) 3(3 2) [½]
y 2
From the figure, the coordinates of A, B, and C –6k + 6 – 15 = 0 [½]
are (1, 3), (–1, 0) and (4, 0) respectively.
3
Area of ABC k [½]
2
1
1(0 0) ( 1)(0 3) 4(3 0) [½] 12. B(x, 5)
2
1
0 3 12 A(4, 3)
2 O(2, 3)
1
15
2
= 7.5 sq. units [½] OA (2 4)2 (3 3)2 2 [½]
8. Answer (A)
OB (2 x )2 (3 5)2 (2 x )2 4 [½]
It is given that the three points A(x, 2), B(–3, –4)
and C(7, –5) are collinear.
2 (2 x )2 4 [∵ OA = OB (radii)]
Area of ABC = 0
4 = (2 – x)2 + 4 [½]
1
x1( y 2 y 3 ) x2 ( y 3 y1) x3 ( y1 y 2 ) 0
2 x2 [½]
[½]
13. Distance between the points A(3, –1) and
Here, x1 = x, y 1 = 2, x2 = –3, y2 = –4, and B(11, y) is 10 units
x3 = 7, y3 = –5
AB = 10
x[–4 – (–5)] – 3(–5 – 2) + 7[2 – (–4)] = 0
x(–4 + 5) – 3(–5 – 2) + 7(2 + 4) = 0 (3 11)2 ( 1 y )2 10 [½]
x – 3 × (–7) + 7 × 6 = 0 64 + (y + 1)2 = 100 [½]
x + 21 + 42 = 0 x + 63 = 0
(y + 1)2 = 36
x = –63
y + 1 = 6 or y + 1 = –6 [½]
Thus, the value of x is –63. [½]
Hence, the correct option is A. y 7, 5 [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 31
14. It is given that the point A(0, 2) is equidistant A P Q B
from the points B(3, p) and C(p, 5).
(2, –2) (–7, 4)
So, AB = AC AB2 = AC2 [½]
By section formula,
Using distance formula, we have :
1( 7) 2(2) 1(4) 2( 2)
(0 – 3)2 + (2 – p)2 = (0 – p)2 + (2 – 5)2 [½] Coordinates of P ,
1 2 1 2
9 + 4 + p2 – 4p = p2 + 9
7 4 4 4
,
4 – 4p = 0 [½] 3 3
4p = 4 3
, 0 ( 1, 0) [1]
p=1 [½] 3
15. ABC is right angled at B. 2( 7) 1(2) 2(4) 1( 2)
Coordinates of Q ,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ...(i) [Pythagoras] 2 1 2 1
14 2 8 2
Now, AC2
= (7 – 4)2 + (3 – 7)2 = (3)2 + (–4)2 = ,
9 + 16 = 25 3 3
12 6
AB2 = (p – 4)2 + (3 – 7)2 = p2 – 8p + 16 + (–4)2 , ( 4 , 2) [1]
= p2 – 8p + 16 + 16 3 3
18. Let A(3, 0), B(6, 4) and C(–1, 3) be the given
=p2 – 8p + 32
points of the vertices of triangle.
BC2 = (7 – p)2 + (3 – 3)2 = 49 – 14p + p2 + 0
Now,
=p2 – 14p + 49 [1]
From (i), we have AB (6 3)2 (4 0)2 (3)2 (4)2
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
32 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
20. Given that P
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
34 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
By section formula 30. C(4, –1)
22 5 2 8
P ,
D(3, 4)
3 3
P = (3, –2) [1] B(–2, –4)
10m 8m 21 35 56
4 [On equating] Area of quadrilateral ABCD
mn 2 2 2
4m + 4n = –10m + 8n = 28 sq. units [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 35
1 3(4 3) 3(3 2) 34. Let the y-axis divide the line segment joining the
Area of PQR [½] points (–4, –6) and (10, 12) in the ratio k : 1
2 2(2 4)
and the point of the intersection be (0, y). Using
1 section formula, we have:
334
2
10k 4 , 12k 6 0, y
= 1 sq. unit [1]
k 1 k 1
32. K P I 10k 4
0 10k 4 0
A(3, –5) (x, y) B(–4, 8) k 1
Let the co-ordinates of point P be (x, y) 4 2
k [1]
By using the section formula co-ordinates of 10 5
P are. Thus, the y-axis divides the line segment joining
the given points in the ratio 2 : 5
4K 3 8K 5
x y [1]
K 1 K 1 2 24 30
12 6
12k (6) 5 6
Since P lies on x + y = 0 y 5
k 1 2 25 7
1
4K 3 8K 5 5 5
0
K 1 K 1 [1]
[On putting the values of x and y] [½]
Thus, the coordinates of the point of division
4K – 2 = 0
6
are 0, [1]
2 7
K [½]
4 35. The given points are A(–2, 3) B(8, 3) and C(6, 7).
1 Using distance formula, we have :
K
2 AB2 = (8 + 2)2 + (3 – 3)2
1 AB2 = 102 + 0
Hence the value of K [1]
2
AB2 = 100 [½]
33. A(1, –3)
BC2 = (6 – 8)2 + (7 – 3)2
BC2 = (–2)2 + 42
BC2 = 4 + 16
BC2 = 20 [½]
B(4, p) C(–9, 7)
CA2 = (2 – 6)2 + (3 – 7)2
The area of a , whose vertices are (x1, y1),
(x2, y2) and (x3, y3) is CA2 = (–8)2 + (–4)2
1 CA2 = 64 + 16
x1( y 2 y 3 ) x 2 ( y 3 y1 ) x3 ( y1 y 2 ) [1]
2 CA2 = 80 [½]
Substituting the given coordinates It can be observed that :
1 BC2 + CA2 = 20 + 80 = 100 = AB2 [1]
Area of 1( p 7) 4(7 3) ( 9)( 3 p )
2
So, by the converse of Pythagoras Theorem,
[½]
ABC is a right triangle right angled at C. [½]
1
( p 7) 40 27 9 p 15 [½]
2 36. The given points are A(0, 2), B(3, p) and C(p, 5).
10p + 60 = ±30 It is given that A is equidistant from B and C.
10p = –30 or 10p = –90 [½] AB = AC
p = –3 or p = –9 AB2 = AC2
Hence the value of p = –3 or –9 [½] (3 – 0)2 + (p – 2)2 = (p – 0)2 + (5 – 2)2 [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
36 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
9+ p2 + 4 – 4p = p2 +9 AB AP 7 3
4 – 4p = 0 AP 3
4p = 4 BP 4
AP 3
p=1 [1]
AP 3
Thus, the value of p is 1 [1]
BP 4
P divides AB in the ratio 3 : 4
Length of AB (3 0)2 (1 2)2 32 ( 1)2
3 2 4( 2) 3 ( 4) 4( 2)
9 1 10 units. [1] x ; y [½]
34 34
37. The given points are A(–2, 1), B(a, b) and 68 12 8
x ; y
C(4, –1). 7 7
Since the given points are collinear, the area of 2 20
x ; y
the triangle ABC is 0. [½] 7 7
2 20
The coordinates of P are , [1]
1 7 7
x1( y 2 y 3 ) x 2 ( y 3 y1 ) x3 ( y1 y 2 ) 0
2 39. P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A(a + b,
Here, x1 = 2, y1 = 1, x2 = a, y2 = b, x3 = 4, b – a) and B(a – b, a + b).
y3 = –1
AP = BP
1
2(b 1) a( 1 1) 4(1 b ) 0
2
[½] x (a b)2 y (b a)2
–2b – 2 – 2a + 4 – 4b = 0
x (a b)2 y (a b)2 [1]
2a + 6b = 2
[x – (a + b)]2 + [y – (b – a)]2
a + 3b = 1 ...(i) [1]
= [x – (a – b)]2 + [y – (a + b)]2
Given :
x2 – 2x(a + b) + (a + b)2
a–b=1 ...(ii)
+ y2 – 2y(b – a) + (b – a)2
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii) we get : = x2 – 2x(a – b) + (a – b)2
4b = 0 + y2 – 2y(a + b) + (a + b)2 [1]
b=0 –2x(a + b) – 2y(b – a)
Subtracting b = 0 in (ii), we get : = –2x(a – b) – 2y(a + b)
a=1 ax + bx + by – ay = ax – bx + ay + by
Thus, the values of a and b are 1 and 0, 2bx = 2ay
respectively. [1] bx = ay ....(proved) [1]
38. Here, P(x, y) divides line segment AB, such that 40. m n
P(2, –2) Q(3, 7)
AP
3
AB R 24 , y
7 11
Lets say ratio is m + n
AP 3
AB 7 Then
AB 7
24 , y 3m 2n , 7m 2n
[1]
AP 3 11 m n mn
AB 7 24 3m 2n 7m 2n
1 1 [½] , y
AP 3 11 mn mn
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 37
24(m + n) = 11(3m + 2n) 1 5( 5 6) 4( 6 7)
Ar(ABC )
24m + 24n = 33m + 22n 2 1(7 5)
2n = 9n 1
5 52 12
2
m 2
Ratio 2 : 9 [1]
n 9 1
35
2
m = 2, n = 9
35
72 29 Sq. units [1]
y 2
11
1
4 Ar( ADC ) 5( 5 6) 4( 6 7) 1(7 5)
y [1] 2
11
1
41. M is mid-point of diagonals AC and BD 55 52 2
2
Using mid-point formula,
109
(–2, 1) (a, 0)
2
A B
M
Area cannot be negative.
109
D C Ar( ADC ) sq. units [1]
2
(1, 2) (4, b)
35 109 144
Ar(ABCD) 72 sq. units
2 4 , 1 b a 1, 2 0 2 2 3
[1]
2 2 2 2 [½]
2 , 1 b a 1, 2 43. Let the point on y-axis be P(0, y) which is
2 2 2 2 equidistant from the points A(5, –2) and B(–3, 2).
2 a 1 [½]
a 1 2 a 1 [½]
2 2 We are given that AP = BP
1 b 2
and 1 b 2 b 1 [½] So, AP2 = BP2 [½]
2 2
i.e., (5 – 0)2 + (–2 – y)2 = (–3 – 0)2 + (2 – y)2 [1]
2 2
Side AD BC ( 2 1) (1 2) 25 + y2 + 4 + 4y = 9 + 4 + y2 – 4y
9 1 10 8y = – 16
y=–2
Side DC AB (1 4)2 (2 1)2
Hence, the required point is (0, –2) [1]
9 1 10 [1]
44. 1 : 1 : 1
A(2, 1) P Q B(5, –8)
1 x1( y 2 y 3 ) x 2 ( y 3 y1 )
42. Ar( ABC )
2 x3 ( y1 y 2 ) Here, AP : PB = 1 : 2 [½]
If A = (x1, y1), B = (x2, y2), C = (x3, y3) are 1 5 2 2 1 8 2 1
Coordinates of P ,
vertices of ABC. 1 2 1 2
A(–5, 7) B(–4, –5) Coordinates of P = (3, –2) [1]
Since, P lies on the line 2x – y + k = 0 [½]
2(3) – (–2) + k = 0
D(4, 5) C(–1, –6) 6+2+k=0
Ar(
ABCD) = Ar(ABC) + Ar(ADC) ....(i) [½] k = –8 [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
38 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
45. The given vertices are A(x, y), B(1, 2) and 12 60
x
C(2, 1). 35
It is know that the area of a triangle whose 72
vertices are (x1, y1), (x2,y2) and (x3, y3) is given x
8
by
x=9
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 39
1 8 , 5 12 3, 17 and
1
(64) (49)
1 2 1 2 3 2
Coordinates of E is 1
(15)
7 8 , 2 12 5, 14 2
[1]
1 2 1 2 3 15
sq. units ...(ii) [1]
4 3 5 4 2
From (i) and (ii)
6 17 14 6
3 3 5
Ar(ADE ) 5 2 1
6 [½]
4 17 3 14 5 6 Ar(ABC ) 15 6 15 9
1 3 3 2
Area of ADE
2 17 14 49. Given A(k + 1, 2k), B(3k, 2k + 3), C(5k – 1, 5k)
3 6 5 4
3 3 are collinear.
1 = cot2 [½]
9 x2 2 1
x 2
15 225
[½]
1 1 8 64
3 x2 2 [½]
x 3 10. Consider an equilateral ABC of side a
4. cos267° – sin223° Draw AD BC. A
as cos(90° – ) = sin ABD ACD
Let = 23° [½] BD = DC a 30° a
8. In ABC, C = 90° A
3tan27 tan63
1 30° [1]
tan A tan30
3 2
1 sin 65 cos 65 2
60°
A = 30° C B 3 cot(90 27) tan 63
B = 90° – 30° = 60° [1] 2
sinA cosB + cosA sinB = sin30° cos60° + 4cot 63 tan63
cos30° sin60° [∵ cos265° + sin265° = 1]
1 1 3 3 1 3 4 2
1 [1] [1]
2 2 2 2 4 4 4 3
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 41
12. A cos58 cos38 cosec 72
14. 2 3
sin32 tan15 tan 60 tan75
30° ∵ tan75 tan(90 15) cot15
tan15 tan75 1, tan 60 3
60°
B C
D sin32 cos58, cos38 sin72 [1]
A = B = C = 60° Substituting the above values in the given
Draw AD BC expression
In ABD and ACD, sin32 cos 38 sec 38
2 3 [1]
AD = AD (common) sin32 3
ADB = ADC (90°) =2–1
ABD ACD 2 2 5
(RHS congruence [1] 15. cosec 2 58 cot 58 tan32 – tan13
criterion) 3 3 3
BD = DC (C.P.C.t) tan37° tan45° tan58°
1
Now,
tan2 A cot A
1 tan A
4sin cos 1
1 tan2 A 1 4sin cos 1 cos cos cos
[1]
1 tan A tan A 4sin cos 1 4sin cos 1 [½]
cos cos cos
1 tan3 A
4 tan 1 sec
tan A(1 tan A)
4 tan 1 sec
(1 tan A)(1 tan2 A tan A)
5
tan A(1 tan A) 3 1
4 [½]
[∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + b2 + ab)] 5
3 1
= cotA + tanA + 1 = R.H.S. [1] 4
5
Hence proved. 2
4 [½]
17. L.H.S. = (cosecA – sinA)(secA – cosA) 5
4
1 1 4
sin A cos A
sin A cos A (8 5)
1 sin A 1 cos A
2 2 4
(16 5)
sin A cos A 4
cos2 A sin2 A 13
[½]
sin A cos A 11
19. Given that,
= sinA·cosA ...(i) [1]
tan 2A = cot(A – 18°)
1
R.H.S. cot(90° – 2A) = cot(A – 18°)
tan A cot A
[∵ tan = cot(90° – )] [1]
1
90° – 2A = A – 18° [1]
sin A cos A
cos A sin A 3A = 108°
1
108
sin2 A cos 2 A A
3
sin A cos A
A = 36° [1]
sin A cos A
[∵ sin2A + cos2A = 1] 20. L.H.S : (sin + cosec)2 + (cos + sec)2
1
= sinA·cosA ...(ii) [1] = sin2 + cosec2 + 2 + cos2 + sec2 + 2
From (i) and (ii) 1 1
∵ sin and cos [1]
L.H.S. = R.H.S.; Hence Proved [1] cosec sec
18. Given that, = (sin2 + cos2) + (1 + cot2) + (1 + tan2) + 4
3 9 [∵ cos2 + sin2 = 1]
tan tan2 [½]
4 16 [1]
We know that,
= 1 + 1 + 1 + 4 + tan2+ cot2
sec2 =1+ tan2
[∵ cosec2 + 1 + cot2 and sec2 = 1 + tan2]
9 25
sec 2 1 [½]
16 16
= 7 + tan2 + cot2 = R.H.S.
sec 5 [½]
4 Hence Proved [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 43
cos A 1 sin A 1
21. L.H.S : 1 1 sin A cos A 1
sin A sin A cos A cos A 23. LHS [½]
sin A cos A 1
sin A cos A 1 cos A sin A 1
[½]
sin A cos A tan A 1 sec A
2
(sin A cos A) (1) 2 tan A 1 sec A
[½]
sin A · cos A
(Dividing numerator & denominator by cos A) [½]
sin2 A cos2 A 2sin A · cos A 1
[½]
sin A · cos A tan A sec A 1
1 2sin A · cos A 1 tan A sec A 1 [½]
[∵ sin2A + cos2A = 1]
sin A · cos A
[½]
tan A sec A 1 tan A sec A
tan A sec A 1 tan A sec A
[½]
= 2 = R.H.S.
Hence Proved [1]
22. L.H.S.
sin A 2sin3 A
tan 2
A sec 2 A tan A sec A
[½]
3
2cos A cos A tan A sec A 1 tan A sec A
sin A(1 2sin2 A)
[1]
cos A(2cos2 A 1) 1 tan A sec A
2 2 2
tan A sec A 1 tan A sec A [½]
sin A sin A cos A 2sin A
[1]
cos A 2cos A sin A cos2 A
2 2
1(tan A sec A 1)
[∵ sin2A + cos2A = 1]
[½]
(tan A sec A 1)(tan A sec A)
cos2 A sin2 A
tan A 2 2 [1]
cos A sin A 1
R.H.S. [½]
secA tan A
= tanA = R.H.S.
Hence proved. [1] Hence Proved.
75 m In ABC,
AB
30° A tan
C BC
Let AB be the tower of height 75 m and C be the
position of the car 20
tan [½]
In ABC, 20 3
AC 1
cot 30 tan
AB 3
AC = ABcot30° 1
But, tan
AC 75 m 3 3
AC 75 3 m = 30°
Thus, the distance of the car from the base of The Sun is at an altitude of 30°. [½]
the tower is 75 3 m . 6. A
4. Answer (D)
Ladder Wall
A
M B 60°
2.5 m
C
Let AB be the ladder and CA be the wall.
The ladder makes an angle of 60° with the
60°
B N horizontal.
2m ABC is a 30° – 60° – 90°, right triangle. [½]
In the figure, MN is the length of the ladder,
which is placed against the wall AB and makes Given: BC = 2.5 m, ABC = 60°
an angle of 60° with the ground. AB = 5 m
The foot of the ladder is at N, which is 2 m away
Hence, length of the ladder is AB = 5 m. [½]
from the wall.
BN = 2 m
7. T
30
tan
10 3
tan 3 [½]
C B = 60°
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 45
8. A 10. C
30°
24 - h
30°
A L 24 m
60°
D 45° B
C
h h
Given CD = 100 m, AB = ?
AB B D
In ABC, tan 60 15 m
BC
Let AB and CD be the two poles, where CD
AB (the second pole) = 24 m.
BC [1]
3 BD = 15 m
BD = AB [∵ tan45° = 1] Let the height of pole AB be h m.
BD – BC = CD AL = BD = 15 m and AB = LD = h
AB So, CL = CD – LD = 24 – h [1]
AB 100 [1]
3 In ACL,
CL
3 1 tan30
AB
100 AL
3
24 h
tan30
100 3 15
AB
3 1 1 24 h
[1]
AB = 236.98 3 15
AB = 237 m [1] 15
24 h 5 3
3
9. Given: Position of kite is B.
h 24 5 3
Height of kite above ground = 45 m
h = 24 – 5 × 1.732 [Taking 3 1.732 ]
Angle of inclination = 60°
h = 15.34
Required length of string = AB
Thus, height of the first pole is 15.34 m. [1]
Kite
B 11. Let d be the distance between the two ships.
Suppose the distance of one of the ships from
45 m the light house is x meters, then the distance
[1] of the other ship from the light house is
60° (d – x) meter.
A O O
In right angled triangle AOB, 45° 60°
OB 200 m
sin A
AB 45° 60°
A x B
D d–x
45
sin 60 [1] d
AB
In right-angled ADO, we have.
3 45
OD 200
2 AB tan 45
AD x
45 2 90
AB 30 3 m 200
3 3 1
x
Hence, the length of the string is 30 3 m . [1] x = 200 …(i) [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
46 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
In right-angled BDO, we have We know that, the aeroplane moves from point
B to D in 15 seconds and the distance covered
OD 200
tan 60 is 3000 metres.
BD d x
200 distance
3 Speed
time
dx
200 3000
Speed
dx [1] 15
3
Speed 200m/s
Putting x = 200. We have:
18
200 Converting it to km/hr 200 720 km/hr [1]
d 200 5
3
13. D
200
d 200
3
d = 200 × 1.58 h
d = 316 m (approx.) [1]
Thus, the distance between two ships is 60°
approximately 316 m. A x E
12. Let BC be the height at watch the aeroplane is 10 m
B 30°
observed from point A. x C
Then, BC 1500 3 Let CD be the hill and suppose the man is
In 15 seconds, the aeroplane moves from point standing on the deck of a ship at point A.
B to D. The angle of depression of the base C of the hill
B and D are the points where the angles of CD observed from A is 30° and the angle of
elevation 60° and 30° are formed respectively. [1] elevation of the top D of the hill CD observed
from A is 60°.
Let AC = x metres and CE = y metres
EAD = 60° and BCA = 30° [1]
AE = x + y
In AED,
B D
DE
tan60
° EA
60
30° h
A x y E 3
C x
In CBA,
h 3x …(i)
BC In ABC,
tan 60
AC
AB
tan30
1500 3 BC
3 [1]
x 1 10
x = 1500 m …(i)
3 x
In ADE,
x 10 3 …(ii) [1]
DE
tan30 Substituting x 10 3 in equation (i), we get
AE
1 1500 3 h 3 10 3 10 3 30
3 xy DE = 30 m
x + y = 1500 × (3) = 4500 CD = CE + ED = 10 + 30 = 40 m
1500 + y = 4500 Thus, the distance of the hill from the ship is
y = 3000 m …(ii) 10 3 m and the height of the hill is 40 m. [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 47
14. T 1 80 x
3 x
x = 240 – 3x
4x = 240 [1]
D C F
Given CF = 4 m x = 60 m
DF = 16 m From (i),
TCF + TDF = 90° 1 h
Let say TCF = [1] 3 x
TDF = 90° – 60
h 20 3 m
In a right angled triangle TCF 3
TF TF Thus, the height of both the poles is 20 3 m
tan
CF 4 and the distances of the point from the poles
TF = 4tan ...(i) are 60 m and 20 m. [1]
In TDF 16. Let AB be the building and CD be the tower.
TF C
tan(90 ) [1]
16 30°
A E
TF = 16cot ...(ii) 60°
Multiply (i) and (ii), we get
(TF)2 = 64 TF = 8 m
60 m
Height of tower = 8 m [1]
60°
15. Let AC and BD be the two poles of the same B D
height h m. In right ABD,
C D AB
tan60
BD
60
30° 60° 3
A B BD
P
Given AB = 80 m 60
BD [2]
Let AP = x m, therefore, PB = (80 – x) m 3
In APC, BD 20 3
AC In right ACE,
tan30 [1]
AP CE
tan30
1 h AE
…(i)
3 x CE 1
( AE = BD)
In BPD, AE 3
BD 20 3
tan60 CE 20
PB
3
h
3 …(ii) [1] Height of the tower = CE + ED = CE + AB =
80 x 20 m + 60 m = 80 m
Dividing (ii) by (ii), we get
Difference between the heights of the tower and
1 h the building = 80 m – 60 m = 20 m
3 x Distance between the tower and the building
3 h
BD 20 3 m [2]
80 x
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
48 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
17. C 18. Q
h
A 30° M
60° h M 45° Y
20 m 20 m
P B 40 m
P 60° X
h + 20 MP = YX = 40 m
QM = h – 40
C In right angled QMY,
Let PB be the surface of the lake and A be the
QM h 40
point of observation such that tan 45 1 …(MY = PX) [1]
MY PX
AP = 20 metres. Let C be the position of the PX = h – 40 ...(i)
cloud and C be its reflection in the lake.
In right angled QPX,
Then CB = CB. Let AM be perpendicular from
QP QP
A on CB. [1] tan60 3
PX PX
Then mCAM = 30° and mCAM = 60°
h
Let CM = h. Then, CB = h + 20 and CB = h + 20. PX ...(ii) [1]
3
In CMA we have, From (i) and (ii), we get
CM h
tan30
AM h – 40 =
3
1 h
3h 40 3 h
3 AM
3h h 40 3 [1]
AM 3h …(i) [1]
1.73h – h = 40(1.73) h = 94.79 m
In AMC we have,
Thus, PQ is 94.79 m and PX = 94.79 ÷ 1.73
CM = 54.79 m [1]
tan60
AM
19. X A Y
CB BM 45°
3 30°
AM
h 20 20
3
AM
P 30° 45° Q
h 20 20 B
AM …(ii) [1]
3 Given aeroplane is at height of 300 m
From equation (i) and (ii), we get AB = 300 m and XY || PQ
h 20 20 Angles of depression of the two points P and Q
3h
3 are 30° and 45° respectively. [1]
3h = h + 40 XAP = 30° and YAQ = 45°
xy
3 A
100 E D
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
50 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
distance 24. D
Speed of aeroplane [1]
time
h
7200
240 m/s
30 60°
A E
45°
Speed (in km/hr) = 864 km/hour [1]
7m 7m
23. C
B C
h Let AB be the building and CD be the tower such
that EAD = 60° and EAC = ACB = 45° [1]
D Now, in triangle ABC, tan 45° = 1 = AB/BC
In ABD, 25. A
(h – 10)
AD
tan30 D 30°
AB E
1 3125 10 10
3 AB
60°
C B
AB 3125 3 ...(i) [1]
Height of the tower (AB) = h
ABC
Given CD =10 m and BC = ED
AC
tan60 BE = CD = 10 m [1]
AB
h
AD DC In ABC, tan 60 [1]
3 [1] BC
AB
h
3125 h BC [1]
3 3
AB
In ADE,
3125 h
AB ...(ii) [1]
3 h 10
tan30 [1]
ED
Equating equation (i) and (ii), we have
ED (h 10) 3
3125 h
3125 3
3 h
(h 10) 3 [1]
3
h = 3125 × 3 – 3125 [1]
2
h = 6250 10 h
3
Hence, distance between the two planes is
h 15 m [1]
6250 m. [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 51
26. D In right triangle ABC,
50 50 1
tan30 AB 50 3 [2]
30° C AB AB 3
h In right triangle BAD,
50 m h h
tan 60 3 h 3 AB [2]
AB AB
30° 60°
A B h 3(50 3) 150 m
Let the height of hill be h. Hence, the height of hill is 150 m. [2]
Chapter - 10 : Circles
1. A It is an isosceles triangle
OPQ = OQP
In POQ,
R Q
POQ + OPQ + OQP = 180°
POQ + 2OPQ = 180°
B C OPQ = 55° [½]
P
Given BR = 3 cm, AR = 4 cm & AC = 11 cm We know that OP PT
BP = BR OPT = 90°
AR = AQ OPT = TPQ + OPQ
CP = CQ 90° = TPQ + 55°
(Lengths of tangents to circle from external point TPQ = 35° [½]
will be equal)
3. Answer (C)
AQ = 4 cm and BP = 3 cm [½]
B
As AC = 11 cm
QC + AQ = 11 cm
A 40° O
QC = 7 cm
PC = 7 cm
C
We know BC = BP + PC
AB and AC are the tangents drawn from external
BC = 3 + 7
point A to the circle.
BC = 10 cm [½]
OB AB OBA = 90°
2. Answer (D)
OC AC OCA = 90°
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
52 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
4. Answer (A) 6. Answer (B)
It is known that the tangents from an external AP PB (Given)
point to the circle are equal.
CA AP, CB BP (Since radius is perpendicular
EK = EM, DK = DH and FM = FH ...(i) [½] to tangent)
Perimeter of EDF = ED + DF + FE
AC = CB = radius of the circle [½]
= (EK – DK) + (DH + HF) + (EM – FM)
Therefore, APBC is a square having side equal
= (EK – DH) + (DH + HF) + (EM – FH) to 4 cm.
[Using (i)]
Therefore, length of each tangent is 4 cm. [½]
= EK + EM
7. Answer (B)
= 2 EK = 2 (9 cm) = 18 cm
Hence, the perimeter of EDF is 18 cm. [½] Q
P R
5. Answer (A)
Given: AB, BC, CD and AD are tangents to the
T
circle with centre O at Q, P, S and R
respectively. AB = 29 cm,
AD = 23, DS = 5 cm and B = 90°
Construction: Join PQ.
It is known that the length of the tangents drawn
A from an external point to a circle is equal.
R
D QP = PT = 3.8 cm ...(i)
r PR = PT = 3.8 cm ...(ii)
S O Q
r From equations (i) and (ii), we get :
QP = PR = 3.8 cm [½]
C B
P
Now, QR = QP + PR
We know that, the lengths of the tangents
drawn from an external point to a circle are = 3.8 cm + 3.8 cm
equal. = 7.6 cm
DS = DR = 5 cm
Hence, the correct option is B. [½]
AR = AD – DR = 23 cm – 5 cm = 18 cm
8. Answer (B)
AQ = AR = 18 cm
QB = AB – AQ = 29 cm – 18 cm = 11 cm Q
QB = BP = 11 cm
In PQB, 46º P
O
PQ 2 = QB 2 + BP 2 = (11 cm) 2 + (11 cm) 2 =
2 × (11 cm)2
PQ 11 2 cm ...(i) [½] R
Thus, the radius of the circle is 11 cm. [½] OQP = ORP = 90° [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 53
So, in quadrilateral PQOR, we have 11. B
OQP + QPR + PRO + ROQ = 360° a
90° + 46° + 90° + ROQ = 360° P 30° O
30°
ROQ = 360° – 226° = 134° a
Hence, the correct option is B. [½] A
9. Q Given that BPA = 60°
OB = OA = a [radii]
O PA = PB [length of tangents are equal]
R
OP = OP [Common]
P T
PBO and PAO are congruent. [½]
OPT = 90° [By SSS criterion of congruency]
(radius is perpendicular to the tangent) 60
BPO OPA 30
So, OPQ = OPT – QPT 2
a 1
= 90° – 60° In PBO, sin30 (∵ OBBP)
OP 2
= 30°
OP = 2a units [½]
POQ = 180° – 2QPO = 180° – 60° = 120°
R
12.
Reflex POQ = 360° – 120° = 240° [½]
B
1
PRQ reflexPOQ
2
Q
S
1
240
2
D
A
= 120°
P
C We know PQ = RS
QR = PS [½]
°
30
Q
30° DP = PA ...(i)
A B
O
(tangents to the circle from external
point have equal length)
In ACO, Similarly,
OA = OC [Radii of the same circle] QA = BQ ...(ii)
ACO is an isosceles triangle. BR = RC ...(iii)
A O
A C B
P
O
Given : AB is chord to larger circle and tangent
to smaller circle at C concentric to it.
B
To prove : AC = BC
Solution : OA AP; OB BP
Construction : Join OC [1]
[Using the property that radius is perpendicular
Proof : OC AB [½]
to the tangent at the point of contact of a circle]
(∵ Radius is perpendicular to
In right angled triangle OAP,
tangent at point of contact)
OP2 = OA2 + AP2 [Using Pythagoras Theorem]
AC = BC [½]
= (8)2 + (15)2 = 64 + 225 = 289 [½]
(∵ Perpendicular from
OP = 17 cm [½] centre bisects the chord)
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 55
17. Given : AB = 12 cm, BC = 8 cm and AC = 10 cm. 19. Let us draw the circle with extent point P and
two tangents PQ and PR.
Let, AD = AF = x cm, BD = BE = y cm and
CE = CF = z cm
x + y + z = 15 cm
We know that the radius is perpendicular to the
AB = AD + DB = x + y = 12 cm [½]
tangent at the point of contact.
z = CF = 15 - 12 = 3 cm OQP = 90° [½]
AC = AF + FC = x + z = 10 cm We also know that the tangents drawn to a
circle from an external point are equally inclined
y = BE = 15 – 10 = 5 cm [½]
to the line joining the centre to that point.
x = AD = x + y + z – z – y = 15 – 3 – 5
QPO = 60° [½]
= 7 cm [½]
Now, in QPO,
18. Let XBY and PCQ be two parallel tangents to a
circle with centre O. PQ
cos 60 [½]
PO
Construction : Join OB and OC.
1 PQ
Draw OA || XY
2 PO
X B Y 2PQ = PO [½]
20.
A O
P
P C Q O R
Now, XB || AO
Q
XBO + •AOB = 180° [½]
Thus, the line segment joining the points of Since OP and OQ are the radii from the
contact of two parallel tangents of a circle centre O,
passes through its centre. [½] OP PR and OQ RQ. [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
56 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Thus, OPR and OQR are right angled x2 + 15x – 54 = 0 [½]
congruent triangles. x2 + 18x – 3x – 54 = 0
Hence, POR = 90° – PRO = 90° – 60° = 30° x(x + 18) – 3(x + 18)
QOR = 90° – QRO = 90° – 60° = 30° [½] (x + 18)(x – 3) = 0
1 As distance cannot be negative, x = 3 cm
sin QRO sin30
2 AC = 3 + 9 = 12 cm
PR 1 AB = AF + FB = 6 + x = 6 + 3 = 9 cm [½]
OR 2 22. Since tangents drawn from an exterior point to
Thus, OR = 2PR a circle are equal in length,
OR = PR + PR AP = AS ...(i)
OR = PR + QR [½] BP = BQ ...(ii)
21. A CR = CQ ...(iii)
DR = DS ...(iv) [½]
x x
Adding equations (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
E
F AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS [½]
Q 30°
O P
BF = BD = 6 cm (tangents from point B) 2r
CE = CD = 9 cm (tangents from point C)
AE = AF = x (tangents from point A) S
AB = AF + FB = x + 6 In the given figure,
BC = BD + DC = 6 + 9 = 15 OP = 2r [Given]
CA = CE + EA = 9 + x [½] OTP = 90°
2s = AB + BC + CA = x + 6 + 15 + 9 + x = [radius drawn at the point of contact
30 + 2x is perpendicular to the tangent]
s = 15 + x In OTP,
s – a = 15 + x – 15 = x OT r 1
sin OPT sin30
s – b = 15 + x – (x + 9) = 6 OP 2r 2
OPT = 30°
s – c = 15 + x – (6 + x) = 9
TOP = 60° [½]
Area of ABC s(s a )(a b )(s c ) [½]
OTP is a 30° – 60° – 90°, right triangle.
54 (15 x )( x )(6)(9) In OTS,
OT = OS [Radii of the same circle]
54 3 6(15 x x 2 )
OTS is an isosceles triangle.
18 6(15 x x 2 ) OTS = OST [½]
324 = 6(15x + x2) [Angles opposite to equal sides
54 = 15x + x2 of an isosceles triangle are equal]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 57
In OTQ and OSQ For the circle AS & AP are tangents
OS = OT [Radii of the same circle] AS = AP ...(i)
OQ = OQ
Similarly,
[side common to both triangles]
BP = BQ ...(ii) [½]
OTQ = OSQ
[angles opposite to equal sides of CQ = CR ...(iii)
an isosceles triangle are equal] RD = DS ...(iv) [½]
OTQ = OSQ [By S.A.S] [½]
Now, AB + CD = AP + PB + CR + RD ...(v)
TOQ = SOQ = 60° [C.A.C.T]
and BC + AD = BQ + QC + DS + AS ...(vi) [½]
TOS = 120°
BC + AD = BP + CR + RD + AP using (i), (i),
[TOS = TOQ + SOQ
(iii), (iv)
= 60° + 60° = 120°]
AB + CD = BC + AD [Using (v)]
OTS + OST = 180° – 120° = 60°
OTS = OST = 60° ÷ 2 = 30° [½] Hence proved [½]
24. 26. P
O x x
B
A V U
6c O
m cm
6
12 cm 9 cm
6 cm
P Q R
T
AB is the chord 12 cm 9 cm
We know that OA = OB [radii] ar(PQR) = ar(POQ) + ar(QOR) + ar(POR)
OBP = OAP = 90° 1 1 1
189 OV PQ OT QR OU PR
Join OP and OP = OP [Common] [½] 2 2 2
By RHS congruency [½]
OBP OAP [½] 1
189 6(PQ QR PR) 3(PQ QR PR) [½]
By CPCT, BP = AP [½] 2
In ABP BP = AP (∵ OT = OV = OU = 6 cm)
(1 + 8) + (4 + 5) = 180° [1] Proof : Here the point Q must lie outside the
circle as if it lies inside the tangent XY will
and 2 + 3 = AOB, 6 + 7 = COD
become secant to the circle. [½]
1 + 8 = AOD and 4 + 5 = BOC [½]
Therefore, OQ is longer than the radius OP of
AOB + COD = 180° and AOD + BOC the circle, That is, OQ > OP. [1]
= 180°
This happens for every point on the line XY
Hence, proved [½]
except the point P. [½]
28. Join OT which bisects PQ at M and
So OP is the shortest of all the distances of the
perpendicular to PQ
point O to the points on XY. [½]
P And hence OP is perpendicular to XY. [½]
5 cm
4 cm Hence, proved.
T O
M
4 cm
30. Given : l and m are two parallel tangents to the
circle with centre O touching the circle at A and
Q B respectively. DE is a tangent at the point C,
In OPM, which intersects l at D and m at E.
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 59
Proof: OP = OP [common]
A D AOP BOP [1]
l
[by R.H.S. congruence criterion]
O AP = BP [1]
C
[corresponding parts of
congruent triangles]
m
B E
Hence, the length of the tangents drawn from an
In ODA and ODC,
external point to a circle are equal. [½]
OA = OC [Radii of the same circle]
32. In the figure, C is the midpoint of the minor arc
AD = DC PQ, O is the centre of the circle and
(Length of tangents drawn from an AB is tangent to the circle through point C.
external point to a circle are equal]
We have to show the tangent drawn at the
DO = OD [Common side] midpoint of the arc PQ of a circle is parallel to
ODA ODC [SSS congruence criterion] the chord joining the end points of the arc PQ.
DOA = COD ...(i) [½] It is given that C is the midpoint point of the
arc PQ.
Similarly, OEB OEC [½]
So, arc PC = arc CQ. [½]
EOB = COE ...(ii) [½]
PC = CQ
Now, AOB is a diameter of the circle. Hence, it
is a straight line.
DOA + COD + COE + EOB = 180° [½]
O
From (i) and (ii), we have:
P Q
2COD + 2COE = 180° [½]
COD + COE = 90° A C B
This shows that PQC is an isosceles triangle.
DOE = 90°
[½]
Hence, proved. [½]
31. Let AP and BP be the two tangents to the circle Thus, the perpendicular bisector of the side PQ
with centre O. of PQC passes through vertex C.
The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes
A
through the centre of the circle. [½]
P O So the perpendicular bisector of PQ passes
through the centre O of the circle. [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
60 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
33. AO' = O'X = XO = OC [½] 35.
P
[Since the two circles are equal.]
So, OA = AO' + O'X + XO T O
OA = 3O'A [1]
Q
In AO'D and AOC,
Given : PT and TQ are two tangents drawn from
DAO' = CAO [Common angle]
an external point T to the circle C(O, r).
ADO' = ACO [Both measure 90°] [½]
To prove : PT = TQ
ADO' ~ ACO [By AA test of similarity] [1]
Construction: Join OT. [½]
DO ' O ' A O ' A 1
[1] Proof : We know that a tangent to circle is
CO OA 3O ' A 3 perpendicular to the radius through the point of
34. X P A Y contact.
OPT = OQT = 90°
In OPT and OQT,
O
C OT = OT [Common] [½]
OP = OQ [Radius of the circle] [½]
X Q B Y
OPT = OQT = 90°
To prove : AOB = 90°
OPT OQT [RHS congruence criterion]
In AOC and AOP,
[½]
OA = OA [Common]
PT = TQ [CPCT] [½]
OP = OC [radii] [½]
The lengths of the tangents drawn from an
ACO = APO [right angle] external point to a circle are equal. [½]
AOC AOP (By RHS congruency) Now,
[½]
A
By CPCT, AOC = AOP ...(i) [½]
Similarly In BOC and BOQ
OC = OQ [radii]
R Q
OB = OB [Common] [½]
and BCO = BQO = 90°
B C
By RHS congruency, BOC BOQ [½] P
By CPCT, BOC = BOQ ...(ii) [½] We know that the tangents drawn from an
exterior point to a circle are equal in length.
PQ is a straight line
AR = AQ (Tangents from A) ...(i) [½]
AOP + AOC + BOC + BOQ = 180°
BP = BR (Tangents from B) ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we have [½]
CQ = CP (Tangents from C) ...(iii) [½]
2(AOC + BOC) = 180°
Now, the given triangle is isosceles (∵ AB = AC)
180
AOB Subtract AR from both sides, we get
2
AOB = 90° [½] AB – AR = AC – AR [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 61
AB – AR = AC – AQ [Using (ii)] [½] The lengths of the tangents drawn from an
BR = CQ external point to a circle are equal. [½]
BP = CP (Using (ii), (iii)] [½] C
R
So BP = CP, shows that BC is bisected at the
point of contact. [½] D Q
36. PT and TQ are two tangent drawn from an
external pant T to the circle C(O, r) S B
P
P A
Let AB touches the circle at P. BC touches the
T O circle at Q. DC touches the circle at R.AD.
touches the circle at S. [½]
Q Then, PB = QB ( Length of the tangents drawn
To prove : PT = TQ from the external point are always equal)
Construction : Join OT [½] Similarly,QC = RC [½]
Proof: We know that, a tangent to circle is
AP = AS
perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact [½] DS = DR [½]
OPT = OQT = 90° [½] Now,
In OPT and OQT, AB + CD
OT = OT [Common]
= AP + PB + DR + RC [½]
OP = OQ [Radius of the circle] [½]
= AS + QB + DS + CQ [½]
OPT = OQT = 90°
= AS + DS + QB + CQ
OPT OQT [RHS congruence criterion]
[½] = AD + BC
Chapter - 11 : Constructions
C 45° 30°
B 8 cm C
Steps :
C
S 1) Draw a ABC with BC = 8 cm, B = 45° &
4 cm C = 30°
R Q
2) Draw a ray BX making acute angle with BC
A P 5 cm B B on the opposite side of vertex A
A1 [2] 3) Mark four points B1, B2, B3, B4 on BX such
A2 that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4
A3
A4 4) Join B4C and draw a line parallel to B4C
A5 from B3 such that it cuts BC at C.
x 5) Form C draw another line parallel to AC
3. C such that it cuts AC at A. [1]
6) ABC is the required triangle.
8 cm
A
B A
6 cm
A
Given ABC which is a right angled triangle
B = 90° 45° C 30°
B 8 cm C
Steps :
B1
B2
1. Draw line segment BC = 8 cm, draw a ray B3
BX making an angle 90° with BC B4
[2]
x
2. Draw an arc with radius 6 cm from B so that 5. Pair of a circle with radius = 3 cm inclined to
it cuts BX at A each other with angle 60°
3. Now join AC to form ABC B
X
P 60° O
A
A A
6 cm If APB = 60°
8 cm
B C [2] [As AOBP is a cyclic quadrilateral]
C
B1 Then AOB = 180 – 60°
B2
B3
Y B4 = 120° [½]
4. Draw a ray BY by making an acute angle Tangents can be constructed in the following
with BC, opposite to vertex A manner:
A Y
A
A A
3 cm
C 45° 30°
B 4 cm C B 6 cm C C [2]
B1 B1
B2
B3 B B2
4
B5 y [2] B3 Z
Steps :
8.
1) Draw BC = 4 cm
2) Draw a ray BX such that XBY = 90°
A
3) Take compass with radius 3 cm and draw an
4
arc from B cutting BX at A P 2 O
M
4) Join A and C to from ABC [2]
B
5) Draw a ray BY opposite side of A such that
CBY is acute angle
6) Along BY mark 5 equidistant points B1, B2,
B3, B4, B5 such that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = Steps of construction :
B3B4 = B4B5 1. Draw two concentric circle with centre O and
7) Join B5 to C and draw a line parallel to B5C radii 4 cm and 6 cm. Take a point P on the
from B3 such that it cuts BC at C outer circle and then join OP.
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
64 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
2. Draw the perpendicular bisector of OP. Let 10. 1. Construct the ABC as per given
the bisector intersects OP at M. measurements.
4. Join PA and PB. Therefore, PA and PB are 3. Along AX mark 8 equidistant points B1, B2
the required tangents. [1] …, B 8 such that B 1 B 2 = B 3B 4 = B 4 B 5 =
B5B6 = B6B7 = B7B8
9. Follow the given steps to construct the figure.
4. Draw B6 B .
1. Draw a line BC of 8 cm length.
5. Through B 8 draw a ray B 8B parallel to
2. Draw BX perpendicular to BC. B6 B . to intersect AY at B.
3. Mark an arc at the distance of 6 cm on BX. 6. Through B draw a ray BC parallel to BC
Mark it as A. to intersect AZ at C.
4. Join A and C to get ABC. Thus, ABC is the required triangle. [1½]
5. With B as the centre, draw an arc on AC. Z
10. Taking P as the centre and PO as its (i) Take a point O on the plane of the paper
radius, draw a circle which will intersect the and draw a circle of radius OA = 4 cm.
circle at point B and G. Join A and G. (ii) Produce OA to B such that OA = AB =
Here, AB and AG are the required tangents 4 cm.
to the circle from A. [1] (iii) Draw a circle with centre at A and radius AB.
X (iv) Suppose it cuts the circle drawn in step (i)
at P and Q.
A (v) Join BP and BQ to get the required
tangents. [2]
D G P
P
6 cm 60°
°
30
[2] [2]
Q
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 65
12. A (ii) Draw an arc with radius 5 cm from B so that
105° it cuts BX at A.
45° 30° (iii) Now join AC to form ABC.
B C
7 cm
In the ABC, A + B +C =180° (iv) Draw a ray BY making an acute angle with
BC opposite to vertex A.
C = 30°
(v) Locate 4 points B1, B2, B3, B4 on BY such
Steps :
that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4.
1. Draw BC 7 cm with help of a ruler
(vi) Join B 4 C and now draw a line from B 3
2. Take a protractor measure parallel to B4C so that it cuts BC at C'.
angle 45° from
point B and draw a ray BX
(vii) From C' draw a line parallel to AC and cuts
3. From point C, make angle 30° with help of AB at A'.
protractor such that BCY = 30°
(viii) A'BC' is the required triangle. [1½]
4. Now both BX and CY intersect at a
point A
14.
5. Draw a ray BZ making an acute angle with C
BC
6. Along the ray BZ mark 4 points B1, B2, B3, C
m
6c
B4 such that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4
7. Now join B4 to C and draw a line parallel to
B4C from B3 intersecting the line BC at C’ 45º
A B
8. Draw a line through C parallel to CA which 5 cm B [2½]
intersects BA at A [1½] A1
A2
ABC is the required triangle.
A3
y x A4
A
A A5
X
45° 30°
B C Steps :
7 cm C
B1 [2½]
B2 (i) Construct ABC such that AB = 5 cm,
B3
B4 CAB = 45° and CA = 6 cm.
z
13. x [2½] (ii) Draw any ray AX making an acute angle
A
with AB on the side opposite to the vertex C.
1. 4. Answer (B)
Let r be the radius of the circle.
From the given information, we have
A B 2r – r = 37
Given diameter of semicircular protractor r(2) – 1 = 37 cm
(AB) = 14 cm
22
d r 2 1 37 cm [½]
Perimeter of a semicircle d [½] 7
2
37
14 r 37 cm
Perimeter of protractor 14 7
2
r = 7 cm
22 14
14 Circumference of the circle
7 2
= 36 cm [½] 22
2r 2 7 cm 44 cm [½]
7
2. Answer (A)
D C
5.
D C
P
F O
A B
B D
14 cm 9.
7
Radius of each circular piece cm
2
Sum of area of two circular pieces
A C
2 Given AC = AB = 14 cm
7 22 49
2 2 77 cm2 [1]
2 7 4
BC 142 142 14 2 cm
Area of the remaining card board Area of shaded region = Area of semi-circle –
= Area of the card board - Area of two circular (Area of quadrant ABDC – Area of ABC)
pieces
1
= 14 cm × 7 cm – 77 cm2 Area of ABC 14 14 98 cm2
2
= 98 cm2 – 77 cm2
1 22
= 21 cm2 [1] Area of Quadrant ABDC 14 2 154 cm2
4 7
8. Let us join OB. [1]
Q
Area of segment BDC = ar(Quadrant ABDC)
– ar(ABC )
C B
= 154 – 98
= 56 cm2 [½]
Area of semicircle with diameter BC
2
90° 1 BC 1 22 1
14 2 14 2
O A P 2 2 2 7 4
20 cm = 154 cm2 [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
68 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Area of shaded region = Area of semicircle of 12. Area of minor segment
diameter BC – = Area of sector AOB – Area of AOB
Area of segment BDC
B
= 154 – 56
= 98 cm2 [1]
0°
10. Let a be the side of equilateral triangle
12
O
3a2
49 3; A
4
a2 = 49 × 4;
a = 7 × 2 = 14 cm Given
Radius of circle = 14/2 = 7 cm [1] AOB = 120°
OA = OB = 14 cm
O
60 °
°
°
60
60
14 cm 14 cm
7 cm
30° 30°
A D B
Area of the first circle occupied by triangle 120
= area of sector with angle 60°. Area of sector AOB r 2
360
60r 2 22 1 77 1 22 616
14
2
77 cm3 [½] [1]
360 7 6 3 3 7 3
Area of all the 3 sectors = 77/3 × 3 = 77 cm2 Draw OD AB
[½] In ODB,
Area of triangle not included in the circle O = 60° B = 30°, D = 90°
= area of triangle- area of all the 3 sectors OD = 7 cm
49 3 77 = 49(1.732) – 77 DB 7 3 cm
= 7.868 cm2 [1] 1
Area of AOB AB OD
11. 2
1
14 3 7
2
C D
A B 49 3 [1]
3.5 3.5 = 84.77 cm2
Given AB = 14 cm and AC = BD = 3.5 cm 616
Area of minor segment 84.77 [1]
DC = 7 cm [1] 3
Area of shaded region = Area of semicircle AB = 120.56 cm2
+ Area of semicircle CD –2 (Area of semicircle P
AC) [1] A
2 2
13.
14 7 3.5 2
2 30°
2 2 22 2 2 O
196 49 49
86.625 cm2 [1] B
4 2 2 4 Q
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 69
Area of the shaded region 1 1 1
2 5 2 1.5 2 3.5 cm
= Area of sector POQ – Area of sector AOB 2 2 2
= (5 + 1.5 + 3.5) cm
R 2 r 2 [1]
360 360 = 3.14 × 10 cm
30 22
360 7
72 3.52 [1] = 31.4 cm [1]
17. It is given that ABC is an equilateral triangle of
77 side 12 cm.
cm2 [1]
8
Construction:
14. The arc subtends an angle of 60° at the centre.
Join OA, OB and OC.
(i) l 2r [½] Draw.
360
OP BC
60 22
2 21
360 7 OQ AC
= 22 cm [1] OR AB [½]
A
(ii) Area of the sector r 2 [½]
360
60 22
12
cm
21 21 R
360 7 Q
cm
12
r O r
= 231 cm2 [1]
15. AB and CD are the diameters of a circle with r
centre O. B C
OA = OB = OC = OD = 7 cm (Radius of 12 cm
the circle) [½] Let the radius of the circle be r cm.
Area of the shaded region Area of AOB + Area of BOC + Area of AOC
= Area of the circle with diameter OB + (Area of = Area of ABC [½]
the semi-circle ACDA – Area of ACD) [1]
1 1 1
2 AB OR BC OP AC OQ
7 1 1 2 2 2
72 CD OA
2 2 2 3
side
2
22 49 1 22 1 4
49 14 7 [½]
7 4 2 7 2
1 1 1 3
12
2
77 12 r 12 r 12 r
77 49 2 2 2 4
2
1 3
= 66.5 cm2 [1] 3 12 r 12 12
2 4
1 r 2 3 2 1.73 3.46
16. Radius of Semicircle PSR 10 cm 5 cm [1]
2
Therefore, the radius of the inscribed circle is
[½]
3.46 cm.
1
Radius of Semicircle RTQ 3 1.5 cm [½] Now, area of the shaded region = Area of ABC
2 – Area of the inscribed circle
1
Radius of semicircle PAQ 7 cm 3.5 cm [½] 3 2
2
4
2
12 2 3 cm
2
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
70 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
= [36 × 1.73 – 12 × 3.14] cm2 1 2 1
r BC AC
= [62.28 – 37.68] cm2 2 2
= 24.6 cm2 1 1
3.14 6.5 5 12
[1] 2
[½]
2 2
Therefore, the area of the shaded region is
24.6 cm2. = 66.3325 – 30
1540 147 3 / 3 cm2 [1]
= 462 cm2 [½]
Area of shaded region
19. Diameter, AB = 13 cm
= Area of circular ring
13 – Area of region ABDC
Radius of the circle, r 6.5 cm
2
154
∵ ACB is the angle in the semi-circle. = 462 –
3
ACB = 90° [½]
1232
Now, in ACB, using Pythagoras theorem, we = cm2 [½]
3
have
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 21. C S1
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 71
Circle C has diameter = 4.5 cm A P B
D C
A B 8
Given OC = OD = 21 cm 24. 6 O
OA = OB = 42 cm A B
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
72 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
AC = 24 cm, BC = 10 cm [½] = (441) [0.57]
1 42
2 r
r tan r sec r
180
4 2
1
Area of the ROQ RO OQ r tan sec 1 [1]
2 180
1 42 42 28. 21 cm
A B
2 2 2
7 cm
2
42 O
[1]
2
7 cm
Area of the flower bed ORQ
D C
= Area of sector ORQ – Area of the ROQ
Area of shaded region = Area of rectangle – Area
2 2
1 42 42 of semicircle [1]
2 2 2
7
2
2 21 14
42 2
1
2 2 = 217 cm2 [1]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 73
Perimeter of shaded region 60 22
3.5
2
Area of sector BPQ [1]
= AB + AD + CD + length of arc BC [1] 360 7
180 22 77
21 14 21 2 7 cm2
360 7 12
60 22
3.5
= 78 cm [1] 2
360 7
P
29. 77
C B cm2 [1]
12
Similarly areas of other sectors PCR and
R Q 77
RAQ cm2 [1]
12
A Area of shaded region
= ar(ABC) –3 (area of BPQ) [1]
Given that all circles have radii = 3.5 cm
AB = BC = AC = 7 cm 49 3 3 77
ABC is an equilateral triangle area of 4 12
ABC
4
3
49 cm2 [1]
49 3 77 7
4 4
7 3 11 [1]
r 7 cm [½] r
Radius of the new cylinder
2
2. R
Height of the new cylinder = h
2
r r 2 h
I Volume of the new cylinder h [½]
2 4
r
Volume of the new cylinder
Required ratio
Given slant height () = 4 cm Volume of the original cylinder
Perimeters of circular ends:
r 2 h
2r = 6 cm 1
42 1: 4 [½]
2R = 18 cm [½] r h 4
C.S.A = () (r + R) = 4 × 12 = 48 cm2 [½] 5. Answer (B)
3. Answer (B) Let r and h be the radius and the height of the
cylinder, respectively.
Largest cone that can be cut from a cube has
the Given: Diameter of the cylinder = 4 cm
Diameter = side of cube [½] Radius of the cylinder, r = 2 cm
Height = side of cube Height of the cylinder, h = 45 cm
4.2 Volume of the solid cylinder = r2h = × (2)2 ×
radius 2.1 cm [½]
2 45 cm3 = 180 cm3 [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
74 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Suppose the radius of each sphere be R cm. 1
8. Given volume of a hemisphere 2425 cm3
Diameter of the sphere = 6 cm 2
Radius of the sphere, R = 3 cm 4851
cm3 [½]
Let n be the number of solids formed by melting 2
the solid metallic cylinder. Now, let r be the radius of the hemisphere
• n × volume of the solid spheres 2 3
Volume of a hemisphere r
= Volume of the solid cylinder 3
4 2 3 4851
n R 3 180 r
3 3 2
4 2 22 3 4851
n R 3 180 r
3 3 7 2
180 3 4851 3 7 21
3
n 5
4 27 r3 [½]
2 2 22 2
Thus, the number of solid spheres that can be
21
formed is 5. [½] r cm
2
6. Volume of cube = 27 cm3
So, curved surface area of the hemisphere = 2r2
Volume of cube = (side)3 = 27 cm3
22 21 21
Side 3 27 cm 2 693 sq.cm [1]
7 2 2
Side = 3 cm [½]
9. 20
If two cubes are joined end to end the resulting
figure is cuboid
h = 21 cm
3 cm
10
Volume of frustum
h R 2 r 2 rR
m
[1]
3c
3
3 cm 3 cm
i.e., length = l = 6 cm
22
73
21 102 202 10 20
breadth = b = 3 cm [½]
= 22(700) cm3
height = h = 3 cm
= 15400 cm3 = 15.4 [1]
Surface area of resulting cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)
Cost of milk = 15.4 × 30
[½]
= `462 [1]
= 2 × (6 × 3 + 3 × 3 + 3 × 6) cm2
= 2 × (18 + 9 + 18) 10. C 6 cm O D
= 2 × 45 = 90 cm2 [½]
7. Cone: height = 20 cm
Base radius = 5 cm
7 cm
Cone is reshaped into a sphere
• Volume of cone = volume of sphere [1]
1 4
5 20 r
2 3
3 3 A B
O
r3 = 5 3 Given: Radius of cylinder = radius of cone =
r = 5 cm [1] r = 6 cm
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 75
Height of the cylinder = height of the cone Radius of the hemispherical bowl = Radius
= h = 7 cm [½] of the cylinder
14
Slant height of the cone = l 72 62 r cm 7 cm [1]
2
85 cm [½] Total height of the vessel = 13 cm
Total surface area of the remaining solid = Height of the cylinder, h = 13 cm – 7 cm =
Curved surface area of the cylinder + area of the 6 cm [1]
base of the cylinder + curved surface area of Total surface area of the vessel = 2 (curved
the cone surface area of the cylinder + curved surface
Total surface area of the remaining solid area of the hemisphere) (Since, the vessel is
= (2rh + r2 + rl) [1] hollow)
= 2(2rh + 2r2) = 4r(h + r)
22 22 2 22
2 67 6 6 85
7 7 7 22
4 7 6 7 cm2
792 132 7
264 85 = 1144 cm2 [1]
7 7
13. 3.5 cm
132
377.1 85 cm2 [1]
7
11. Volume of the conical heap = volume of the sand
emptied from the bucket.
Volume of the conical heap h
1 2 1
r h r 2 24 cm3 ...(i)
3 3
(height of the cone is 24) [1]
Volume of the sand in the bucket = r2h 3.5 cm
Height of the cylinder, h = 10 cm
= (18)2 × 32 cm3 ...(ii) [1]
Radius of the cylinder = Radius of each
Equating (i) and (ii), hemisphere = r = 3.5 cm [½]
1 2
r 24 18 32
2 Volume of wood in the toy = Volume of the
[½]
3 cylinder – 2 × Volume of each hemisphere
r2
18 2 32 3 [½] r 2 h 2
2 3
r [1]
24 3
r = 36 cm 4
r 2 h r
3
12.
22 2 4
3.5 10 3.5
7 3
7 cm = 38.5 × (10 – 4.67) [1]
13 cm
= 38.5 × 5.33
= 205.205 cm3 [½]
14. For the given tank
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
76 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Internal radius of the pipe In triangle COB
20 1 R
r cm 10 cm m [½] tan30
2 10 CO
Rate of flow of water = v = 4 km/h = 4000 m/h 1 R
Let t be the time taken to fill the tank. [½] 3 20
So, the volume of water flows through the pipe 20
in t hours will equal to the volume of the tank. R cm [½]
3
r2 × v × t = R2H [1]
1
2 Volume of the frustum, V
1
3
R 2H x 2 h
4000 t 5 2
2
10 2 2
1 20 10
25 2 100 1 V .20 .10
t 1 3 3 3
4000 4
1 1 8000 1000
Hence, the time taken is 1 hours
3 3 3
[½]
4
C 1 7000
15.
3 3
30° 1
7000
9
20 cm
S x Q
P
7000
10 cm
[½]
9
The volumes of the frustum and the wire formed
O R B
A are equal.
Let ACB be the cone whose vertical angle ACB 2
1 7000
= 60°. Let R and x be the radii of the lower and l Volume of wire r 2 h
upper end of the frustum. 24
9
After cutting the cone into two parts through P. Hence, the length of the wire is 4480 m.
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 77
2 90
2
22
2.1 4 183
7 72 3 100
32 h
= 22 × 0.3 × 8 = 52.8 m2 [½]
2 9
183
Curved surface area of the conical tent
72 3 10
22 32 h
rl 2.1 3.5 23.1 m2 [½]
7 2 9
18 18 18
Total area of cloth required for building one tent h 3 10
= Curved surface area of the cylinder + Curved 32 72
surface area of the conical tent h = 5.4 cm [½]
= 52.8 + 23.1 Height of the small cylindrical bottle = 10.8 cm
= 75.9 m2 [½] 18. Side of the cubical block, a = 10 cm
Cost of building one tent = 75.9 × 100 = ` 7590 Largest diameter of a hemisphere = side of the cube
Total cost of 100 tents = 7590 × 100 Since the cube is surmounted by a hemisphere,
= ` 7,59,000 Diameter of the hemisphere = 10 cm
Cost to be borne by the associations Radius of the hemisphere, r = 5 cm [1]
759000 Total surface area of the solid = Total surface
3,79,500 [½] area of the cube – Inner cross-section area of
2
the hemisphere + Curved surface area of the
It shows the helping nature, unity and
hemisphere
cooperativeness of the associations.
= 6a2 – r2 + 2r2 [1]
17. Internal diameter of the bowl = 36 cm
= 6a2 + r2
Internal radius of the bowl, r = 18 cm
= 6 × (10)2 + 3.14 × 52
2 2
Volume of the liquid, V r 3 183 [½] = 600 + 78.5 = 678.5 cm2
3 3
Let the height of the small bottle be ‘h’ Total surface area of the solid = 678.5 cm2 [1]
Volume of a single bottle = R2h = ×32 × h [½] Radius of the cone, r = 1.75 cm
21 1 2
R 10.5 cm [1] r1 h1 r22 h2
2 3
Radius of the new sphere = 10.5 cm r12 h1 3r22 h2 [1½]
V 5 × 5 × 24 = 3 × 10 × 10 × h2
20.
2.8 m 5 5 24
h2 2 cm [1]
A B
3 10 10
1.5 m 1.5 m
Thus, the water will rise upto the height of 2 cm
in the cylindrical vessel.
22. Radius of sphere = r = 6 cm
2.1 m
Volume of sphere
4 3 4
r 6 288 cm3
3
[½]
3 3
D 1.5 m 1.5 m C Let R be the radius of cylindrical vessel.
3m
Rise in the water level of cylindrical vessel
For conical portion, we have
5 32
r = 1.5 m and l = 2.8 m h3 cm cm
9 9
S1 = Curved surface area of conical portion Increase in volume of cylindrical vessel
S1 = rl 32 32
R 2 h R 2 R 2 [½]
9 9
= 4.2m2 [½]
Now, volume of water displaced by the sphere is
For cylindrical portion, we have equal to volume of sphere
r = 1.5 m and h = 2.1 m 32
R 2 288 [1]
S2 = Curved surface area of cylindrical portion 9
S2 = 2rh 288 9
R2 81 [½]
32
= 2 × × 1.5 × 2.1 [½]
R = 9 cm
= 6.3m2
Diameter of the cylindrical vessel = 2 × R =
Area of canvas used for making the tent = S1 + S2 2 × 9 = 18 cm [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 79
23. Given canal width = 5.4 m Total surface area of the article = curved surface
Depth = 1.8 m [½] area of the cylinder + 2 (Curved surface area of
a hemisphere) [1]
Water flow speed = 25 km/hr
= 2rh + 2 × 2r2
Distance covered by water in 40 minutes
= 2r(h + 2r) [1]
25 40
[½] 22
60 2 3.5 10 2 3.5 cm2
7
50
km = 22 × 17 cm2 = 374 cm2 [1]
3
26. Given
Volume of water flows through pipe
50
5.4 1.8 1000
3
= 162 × 103 m3 [1]
3.5 m
Area irrigate with 10 cm of water standing
162 103
10 102 12 m
= 162 × 104 m2 [1] Base diameter = 24 m
24. Volume of cuboid = 4.4 × 2.6 × 1 Base radius = 12 m
= 11.44 m3 [½] Height = 3.5 m
1 2
Volume r h [½]
5 3
1 22
12 12 3.5
3 7
30
35 = 22 × 4 × 12 × 0.5
= 264 × 2 [1]
Length = l = 528 m3
11.44
l 352 302 [1]
Curved surface area = r
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 81
2.5 cm Diameter of the cylindrical part = Diameter of the
31.
conical part = 4.2 cm
Radius of the cylindrical part = Radius
of the conical part = 2.1 cm [½]
Slant height (l) of the conical part
11 cm
2.12 2.8 2 cm
n = 440 22
4.2 10
2
7
Hence, the number of spherical balls that were
dropped in the vessel is 440. = 554.4 cm3 [½]
2 3
Sushant made the arrangement so that the Volume of hemisphere r [½]
water that flows out, irrigates the flower beds. 3
2 22
4.2
This shows the judicious usage of water. [1] 3
3 7
32. The following figure shows the required cylinder
and the conical cavity = 155.232 cm3 [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
82 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Volume of the remaining cylinder = Volume of 2
22 20 x 2
the new cylindrical wire 3.5 [1½]
100 2
243.936 = r2h [½]
x = 2.5 cm [½]
22
243.936 0.7 2 h Rainfall is of 2.5 cm [½]
7
36. Let r1 = 5 cm and r2 15 cm are radii of lower
h = 158.4 cm and upper circular faces.
The length of the new cylindrical wire of
D
C E
1.4 cm thickness is 158.4 cm [½] 15 cm
34. Height of conical upper part = 3.5 m, and radius
= 2.8 m 24 cm 24 cm
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 83
3
And capacity of bucket = 12308.8 cm
Slant height of the frustum I R r 2 h 2
We know that capacity of bucket
[½]
h 2
(r1 r22 r1r2 )
3
[½] I 20 8 2 162
h I 122 162
3.14 400 144 240
3
I 144 256
h
3.14 784 I 400
3
I = 20 cm [½]
h
So we have 3.14 784 12308.8 [½] Slant height is 20 cm
3
Now,
12308.8 3
h Surface area = [r2 + (R + r) × l] [1]
3.14 784
= 22/7[82 + (20 + 8) × 20] [½]
= 15 cm [½]
22
Now, the slant height of the frustum, 64 560
7
l h 2 (r1 r2 )2 [½]
22
624
2
15 8 2 7
289 13728
[½] [½]
= 17 cm 7
= 1961.14 cm2
Area of metal sheet used in making it
39. Apparent capacity of the glass = Volume of
= r22 + (r1 + r2) [½]
cylinder [½]
= 3.14 × [144 + (20 + 12) × 17]
= 2160.32 cm2 [½]
5 cm
38. Radius of the bigger end of the frustum (bucket)
of cone = R = 20 cm [½]
Radius of the smaller end of the frustum (bucket) 10 cm
of the cone = r = 8 cm [½]
Height = 16 cm [½]
Volume = 1/3rh [R2 + r2 + R × r] [½]
= 1/3 × 22/7 × 16 [202 + 82+ 20 × 8]
= 352/21 [400 + 64 + 160] [½] Actual capacity of the glass = Volume of
= (352 × 624)/21 cylinder – Volume of hemisphere [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
84 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Apparent capacity of the glass = Volume of Let the radius of lower end of the frustum be
cylinder = 196.25 cm3 r = 8 cm [½]
Actual capacity of the glass Let the radius of upper end of the frustum be
= Total volume of cylinder – volume of R = 20 cm [½]
hemisphere [1] Let the height of the frustum be h cm
= 196.25 – 32.7 [½] Volume of the frustum
cm3
= 163.54 [½] 3 73216
h R 2 r 2 Rr 10459 [1]
Hence, apparent capacity = 196.25 cm3 [½] 3 7 7
Actual capacity of the glass = 163.54 cm3 [½] Therefore, substituting the value of R and r.
40.
22 1
h 202 82 20 8
7 3
73216
7
7 cm
73216 7
h 400 64 160 3
10.5 cm
7 22
6 cm h × 624 = 9984
9984
h 16 cm [1]
624
Total surface area of the container
10 cm
Given, internal diameter of the cylinder = 10 cm R r R r 2 h2 r 2 [1]
Internal radius of the cylinder = 5 cm [½]
22 22 2
and height of the cylinder = 10.5 cm 20 8 20 8 2 162 8 [½]
7 7
Similarly, diameter of the cone = 7 cm [½] 22 22
28 122 162 64
Radius of the cone = 3.5 cm and Height of the 7 7
cone = 6 cm 22 22
(i) Volume of water displaced out of cylindrical 28 144 256 64
7 7
vessel = volume of cone [1]
1
22
7
28 400 64
22
7
28 20 64
r 2 h [½]
3 22 22
1 22
560 64 624 [½]
3.5 3.5 6 77 cm3 7 7
[1]
3 7 Cost of 1 cm square metal sheet is 1. 40 `
(ii) Volume of water left In the cylindrical vessel Cost of required sheet =
= volume of cylinder – volume of cone [1]
22
= R2H – Volume of cone [½] 624 1.40 2745.60 ` [1]
7
22
5 5 10.5 77 42.
7
h
= 825 – 77 = 748 cm3 [1]
41. 20 cm
16 cm
?
Radius of base of the cone = r = 21 cm [½]
Let the height of the cone be h cm
Volume of the cone = 2/3 volume of the
8 cm hemisphere [½]
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 85
1 2 2 2 Here, R = 28 cm and r = 21 cm, [1]
r h r 3 [½]
3 3 3 Volume of frustum = 28.49 L
4 4
h r 21 28 cm [½] = 28.49 × 1000 cm3
3 3
Surface area of the toy = lateral surface area of = 28490 cm3 [1]
cone + curved surface area of hemisphere [1]
= 66 × 35 + 2772
= 2310 + 2772 = 5082 cm2 22
[1] h 1813 28490 [½]
21
43. Let the level of water in the pond rises by 21 cm
in t hours.
28490 21
Speed of water = 15 km/hr h 15 cm
22 1813
= 15000 m/hr [½]
14
Hence the height of bucket is 15 cm. [1]
Diameter of pipe = 14 cm m
100 45. O
7
Radius of the pipe, r m [½]
100
Volume of water flowing out of the pipe in 1
hour = r2h [½]
2
22 7 A B
m 15000 m 7 cm
7 100
= 231 m3 [1]
Volume of water flowing out of the pipe in t Radius of hemi-sphere = 7 cm [½]
hours = 231t m3 [½]
Volume of water in the cuboidal pond Radius of cone = 7 cm [½]
1 22
49 28 [1]
h 3 7
22 7 28 4312
cm3 [1]
r 3 3
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
86 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Chapter - 14 : Statistics
1. f1 f0
Class Class marks Mode I h [1]
2 f1 f0 f 2
10 + 25 [½]
10 – 25 = 17.5 16 10
2 30 10 [½]
2 16 10 12
35 + 55 [½] 6
35 – 55 = 45 30 10 = 30 + 6 = 36
2 [½]
10
4. Class Mid values Frequency di = xi x i – 18 fi ui
[1]
xi ui =
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency fi –18 2
2. [1]
5 – 10 49 49 11 – 13 12 3 –6 –3 –9
10 – 15 133 182 13 – 15 14 6 –4 –2 –12
15 – 20 63 245
15 – 17 16 9 –2 –1 –9
20 – 25 15 260
266 17 – 19 18 13 0 0 0
25 – 30 6
30 – 35 7 273 19 – 21 20 f 2 1 f
35 – 40 4 277 21 – 23 22 5 4 2 10
40 – 45 2 279
23 – 25 24 4 6 3 12
45 – 50 1 280
fi = 40 + f
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 87
7. [2]
y Marks Number of Marks less Cumulative
students than frequency
Cumulative frequency 50 (200, 50) 0-5 2 Less than 5 2
10 – 20 5 5 + f1
14 + f1
Let us now plot the points corresponding to the
20 – 30 9
30 – 40 12 26 + f1 ordered pairs (5, 2), (10, 7), (15, 13), (20, 21),
40 – 50 f2 26 + f1 + f 2 (25, 31), (30, 56), (35, 76), (40, 94), (45, 98),
50 – 60 3 29 + f1 + f 2 (50, 100). Join all the points by a smooth curve.
60 –70 2 31 + f1 + f 2
Y
Total = 40 = n 100 (45, 98) (50, 100) [1]
(40, 94)
90
Scale
f1 + 5 + 9 + 12 + f2 + 3 + 2 = 40 X-axis 1 cm = 10 units
80
(35, 76)
Y-axis 1 cm = 10 units
f1 + f2 = 40 – 31 = 9 ...(i) 70
Cumulative Freq uency
Median Class is 30 – 40 50
(25, 31)
30
n
cf (20, 21)
Median = 2 h [½] 20
f (15, 13)
10 (10, 7)
(Median = 28.8)
40 (14 f ) (5, 2)
X
1
32.5 = 30 2
0
10
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
[½]
12 Marks
10
2.5 = (20 14 f1 ) n 100
12 Locate 50 on Y-axis
2 2
3 = 6 – f1
From this point draw a line parallel to X-axis
f1 = 3 [½]
cutting the curve at a point. From this point,
On putting in (i),
draw a perpendicular to X-axis. The point of
f1 + f2 = 9 intersection of perpendicular with the X-axis
f2 = 9 – 3 [∵ f1 = 3] determines the median of the data.
More than 42 30
Mean
xi fi
fi More than 44 26
More than 46 21
3120
More than 48 7
50
= 62.4 [1] More than 50 3
More than 52 0
Less than
Class f cumulative Weight (in kg) Number of students
frequency Upper class limits (Cumulative frequency)
0 – 20 6 6
Less than 38 0
20 – 40 8 14
Less than 40 3
40 – 60 10 24
Less than 42 5
60 – 80 12 36
80 – 100 6 42 Less than 44 9
Less than 50 32
n = fi = 50
More than 52 35
n [2]
25
2 Taking upper class limits on x-axis and their
Median class = 60 – 80 [1] respective cumulative frequency on y-axis its
ogive give can be drawn as follows:
n y
c.f
Median I 2
35
h
f 30 Less than
25
frequency (cf)
25 24 20
Cumulative
Median 60 20
12 15
Median = 61.66 [1] 10
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 89
Here, n = 35
N
So, 25
2
n
17.5
2 Cumulative frequency just greater than 25 is 37.
There is a intersection point of less than and
more than ogive mark that point A whose Median class 40–50
ordinate is 17.5 and its x-coordinate is 46.5.
Therefore, median of this data is 46.5. [2]
N
10. Class fi Class Fixi [1] C.f
mark(xi) Median 2 h
f
0 – 10 4 5 20
10 – 20 4 15 60
Here = 40
20 – 30 7 25 175
N = 50
30 – 40 10 35 350
Cf = 25, f = 12, h = 10
40 – 50 12 45 540
50 – 60 8 55 440 25 25
Median 40 10 40 0
60 – 70 5 65 325 12
f i = 50 f ixi = 1910
Median 40 [1]
1910
mean 38.2 [1]
50 Mode :
Frequency Cumulative
Class frequency
Maximum frequency = 12 so modal class 40 – 50
0 – 10 4 4
f1 f0
mode
10 – 20 4 8 2f1 f0 f2
20 – 30 7 15
Here = 40, h = 10
30 – 40 10 25 f0 = 10 f1 = 12 f2 = 8
40 – 50 12 37
12 10
Mode = 40 10
50 – 60 8 45 2 12 10 8
60 – 70 5 50
Mode = 40 + 3.33
N = 50
[1] = 43.33 [2]
Chapter - 15 : Probability
Probability of drawing an ace card {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
Number of ace 4 (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
[½]
Total cards 52 (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
Probability that the card is not an Ace (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
4 12 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
1 [½]
52 13
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)} [½]
5. Answer (C)
Total number of outcomes = 36
When two dice are thrown together, the total
Favourable outcomes are given below:
number of outcomes is 36.
{(2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 6), (6, 2),
Favourable outcomes = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3),
(6, 4), (6, 6)}
(4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)} [½]
Total number of favourable outcomes = 9
Required probability
• Probability of getting an even number on both
Number of favourable outcomes 6 1 dice
[½]
Total number of outcomes 36 6
Total number of favourable outcomes
6. Answer (A) Total number of outcomes
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 9 1
[½]
Let event E be defined as ‘getting an even 36 4
number’. 9. Answer (C)
n(E) = {2, 4, 6} [½] Total number of possible outcomes = 30
Number of favourable outcomes 3
P E Prime numbers from 1 to 30 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,
Number of possible outcomes 6 13, 17, 19, 23 and 29.
1 Total number of favourable outcomes = 10 [½]
[½]
2
Probability of selecting a prime number from
7. Answer (C) 1 to 30
S = {1, 2, 3,..90} Total number of favourable outcomes
n(S) = 90 Total number of outcomes
1 n(B ) 3 1
[1] P (B ) [1]
5 n(S ) 36 12
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
92 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
18. An integer is chosen at random from 1 to 100 11
P (5 will come up on either side) [1]
Therefore n(S) = 100 36
11
(i) Let A be the event that number chosen is P (5 will not come up) 1
divisible by 8 36
A = {8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 25
88, 96} 36
n(A) = 12 11
(ii) P (5 will come at least once) [1]
36
Now, P (that number is divisible by 8)
1
n( A ) (iii) P (5 will come up on both dice) [1]
P ( A) 36
n(S )
35 1
22. Total number of cards 1
12 6 3 2
[1]
100 50 25 = 18 [1]
3 (i) Favourable outcomes = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13}
P ( A)
25 5
P(prime number less than 15) [1]
(ii) Let ‘A’ be the event that number is not 18
divisible by 8. (ii) Favourable outcomes = {15}
P(A’) = 1 – P(A) 1
P(a number divisible by 3 and 5) [1]
18
3 22
1 P ( A) [1] 23. Two dice are rolled once. So, total possible
25 25
outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36 [1]
19. Total possible outcomes are (HHH), (HHT), Product of outcomes will be 12 for
(HTH), (THH), (TTH), (THT), (HTT), (TTT) i.e., 8.
(2, 6), (6, 2), (3, 4) and (4, 3). [1]
The favourable outcomes to the event E 'Same
Number of favourable cases = 4
result in all the tosses' are TTT, HHH. [1]
4 1
So, the number of favourable outcomes = 2 Probability [1]
36 9
2 1
P (E ) 24. A disc drawn from a box containing 80 [1]
8 4
Total possible outcomes = 80
Hence, probability of losing the game = 1 – P(E)
Number of cases where the disc will be
1 3 numbered perfect square = 8
1– [1]
4 4 Perfect squares less than 80 [1]
20. Total outcomes = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 = 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64
Prime numbers = 2, 3, 5 8 1
Probability [1]
Numbers lie between 2 and 6 = 3, 4, 5 80 10
25. Total number of outcomes = 52
3 1
(i) P (Prime Numbers) [1] (i) Probability of getting a red king
6 2
Here the number of favourable outcomes = 2
3 1
(ii) P (Numbers lie between 2 and 6) [1]
6 2 Number of
favourable outcomes 2
21. Total outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36 Probability
Total number 52
of outcomes
(i) Total outcomes when 5 comes up on either
dice are (5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 1
[1]
6) (6, 5) (4, 5) (3, 5) (2, 5) (1, 5) 26
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 93
(ii) Favourable outcomes = 12 27. When three coins are tossed together, the
possible outcomes are
12 3
Probability [1] HHH, HTH, HHT, THH, THT, TTH, HTT, TTT
52 13
(iii) Probability of queen of diamond. Total number of possible outcomes = 8
(i) Favourable outcomes of exactly two heads
Number of queens of diamond = 1, hence
are HTH, HHT, THH
Probability
Total number of favourable outcomes = 3
Number of favourable outcomes 1 3
Total number of outcomes 52
[1] P(exactly two heads) [1]
8
26. Here the jar contains red, blue and orange balls. (ii) Favourable outcomes of at least two heads
Let the number of red balls be x. are HHH, HTH, HHT, THH
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
94 Mathematics Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10)
Number of outcomes favourable to (iv) Total number of outcomes = 49
B = 6 + 3 = 9. We know that there is only one even prime
Number of outcomes favourable to A number which is 2.
(i) P A
Total number of possible outcomes Total number of favourable outcomes = 1
3 1 Required probability
[1]
12 4 Total number of
favourable outcomes 1
Number of outcomes favourable to B [1]
(ii) P B Total number 49
Total number of possible outcomes of outcomes
9 3 31. Let S be the sample space of drawing a card
[1]
12 4 from a well-shuffled deck.
Each of the three values, patience, honesty and n(S) = 52
kindness is important in one‘s life. (i) There are 13 spade cards and 4 ace's in a
30. Total number of cards = 49 deck. As ace of spade is included in 13
spade cards, so there are 13 spade cards
(i) Total number of outcomes = 49 and 3 ace's.
The odd numbers from 1 to 49 are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, A card of spade or an ace can be drawn in
11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, = 16 ways
35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 and 49.
Probability of drawing a card of spade or an
Total number of favourable outcomes = 25 16 4
ace [1]
Required probability 52 13
(ii) There are 2 black king cards in a deck a
Total number of card of black king can be drawn in = 2 ways
favourable outcomes 25
[1]
Total number 49 2 1
of outcomes Probability of drawing a black king
52 26
(ii) Total number of outcomes = 49
[1]
The number 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
and 45 are multiples of 5. (iii) There are 4 Jack and 4 King cards in a
deck.
The number of favourable outcomes = 9
So there are 52 – 8 = 44 cards which are
Required probability neither Jacks nor Kings. A card which is neither
Total number of a Jack nor a King.
favourable outcomes 9
[1] Can be drawn in = 44 ways
Total number 49
of outcomes Probability of drawing a card which is neither a
44 11
(iii) Total number of outcomes = 49 Jack nor a King [1]
52 13
The number 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 and 49 are (iv) There are 4 King and 4 Queen cards in a
perfect squares. deck.
Total number of favourable outcomes = 7 So there are 4 + 4 = 8 cards which are either
King or Queen.
Required probability
A card which is either a King or a Queen can
Total number of favourable outcomes be drawn in = 8 ways
Total number of outcomes
So, probability of drawing a card which is either
7 1 8 2
[1] a King or a Queen [1]
49 7 52 13
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
Hints & Solutions - Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-10) Mathematics 95
32. x is selected from 1, 2, 3 and 4 Similarly,
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456