Chapter 8- NOLI ME TANGERE · Padre Damaso- typical of a domineering friar during

PUBLISHED IN BERLIN (1887) the days of Rizal, who was arrogant, immoral and
anti-Filipino
· In Berlin during the winter days of February, 1886,
Rizal made the final revisions on the manuscript of Chapter 17- MISFORTUNES IN
the Noli
MADRID (1890-91)
- “Elias and Salome” – deleted chapter of Noli.
· Maximo Viola- savior of Noli -Early in August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid
· After the Christmas season , Rizal put the finishing -Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal immediately sought help
touches on his novel. To save printing expenses, he of the Filipino colony, The Asociacion Hispano-
deleted certain passages in his manuscript, including Filipina, and the liberal Spanish newspaper in
a whole chapter—“Elias and Salome” securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants
· Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft- a · El Resumen- a Madrid newspaper which
printing shop which charged the lowest rate, that is, sympathized with the Filipino cause, said: “To cover
300 pesos for 2,000 copies of the novel the ear, open the purse, and fold the arms—this is the
· March 21, 1887- the Noli Me Tangere came off the Spanish colonial policy
press · La Epoca- an anti-Filipino newspaper in Madrid
· The novel Noli Me Tangere contains 63 chapters 1. Jose Ma. Panganiban, his talented co-worker in the
and an epilogue Propaganda Movement, died in Barcelona on August
· Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor- Filipino patriot and lawyer 19, 1890, after a lingering illness
who had been exiled due to his complicity in the 2. Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna—Luna was bitter
Cavite Mutiny of 1872, read avidly the Noli and was because of his frustrated romance with Nellie
very much impressed by its author Boustead. Deep in his heart, he was blaming Rizal for
his failure to win her, although Rizal had previously
CHARACTERS OF NOLI explained to him that he had nothing to do about it.
· The Noli Me Tangere was a true story of the Luna uttered certain unsavory remarks about Nellie,
Philippine conditions during the last decades of Rizal heard him and angered by the slanderous
Spanish rule remarks, he challenged Luna, his friend, to a duel.
· Maria Clara-was Leonor Rivera, although in real life Fortunately, Luna realized that he had made a fool of
she became unfaithful and married an Englishman himself during his drunken state, he apologized for his
· Ibarra and Elias- represented Rizal himself bad remarks about the girl and Rizal accepted his
· Tasio-the philosopher was Rizal’s elder brother apology and they became good friends again
Paciano 3. Rizal challenges Retana to Due l—Wenceslao E.
· Padre Salvi-was identified by Rizalists as Padre Retana, his bitter enemy of the pen, a talented
Antonio Piernavieja, the hated Augustinian friar in Spanish scholar, was then a press agent of the friars
Cavite who was killed by the patriots during the in Spain. He used to attack the Filipinos in various
Revolution newspapers in Madrid and other cities in Spain.
· Capitan Tiago-was Captain Hilario Sunico of San Retana wrote an article in La Epoca, asserting that
Nicolas the family and friends of Rizal had not paid their rents
· Doña Victorina- was Doña Agustina Medel so they were ejected from their lands in Calamba by
· Basilio and Crispin- were the Crisostomo brothers of the Dominicans. Such as insult stirred Rizal to action,
Hagonoy immediately he sent his seconds to Retana with his
challenge to a duel
4. Infidelity of Leonor Rivera —Rizal received a letter 1891, owing to the intrigues of his jealous
from Leonor, announcing her coming marriage to an compatriots, Rizal retired from the Propaganda
Englishman (the choice of her mother) and asking his Movement or reform crusade
forgiveness · May 1, 1891-Rizal notified the Propaganda
5. Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry —toward the closing days of authorities in Manila to cancel his monthly allowance
1890 phere arose an unfortunate rivalry between and
Rizal and M.H. del Pilar for supremacy. Because of devote the money to some better cause
this, the Filipinos were divided ibto two hostile · Rizal’s notification was contained in a letter
camps—the Rizalistas and the Pilaristas. The addressed to Mr. A.L. Lorena (pseudonym of Deodato
sitqation was becoming explosive and critical. Despite Arellano)
of winning the votes, Rizal graciously declined the · May 30, 1891-revision of the finished manuscript of
coveted position El Filibusterismo was mostly completed
· Rizal wrote a brief note thanking his compatriots for · June 13, 1891-Rizal informed Basa that he was
electing him as Responsible. It was the last negotiating with a printing firm
time he saw Madrid

Chapter 19- EL
Chapter 18- BIARRITZ FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED
VACATION IN GHENT (1891)
-Rizal was busy revising and polishing the manuscript
-To seek solace for his disappointments in Madrid, of El Filibusterismo so that it could be ready for the
Rizal took a vacation in the resort city of Biarritz on press
the fabulous French Riviera. He was a guest of the -Rizal had begun writing it in October, 1887, while
rich Boustead family at its winter residence—Villa practicing medicine in Calamba, the following year
Eliada (1888), in London; he made some changes in the plot
· February, 1891- Rizal arrived in Biarritz and corrected some chapters already written. He
· Frustrated in romance, Rizal found consolation in wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid, and finished
writing. Evidently, while wooing Nellie and enjoying so the manuscript in Biarritz on March 29, 1891. It took
“many magnificent moonlight nights” with her, he kept him, therefore, three years to write his second novel
working on his second novel which he began to write · July 5, 1891- Rizal left Brussels for Ghent, a famous
in Calamba 1887 university city in Belgium
· March 29, 1891- the eve of his departure from · Rizal reasons for moving to Ghent were (1) the cost
Biarritz to Paris, he finished the manuscript of El of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels (2)
Filibusterismo to escape from the enticing attraction of Petite
· March 30, 1891-Rizal bade farewell to the hospitable Suzanne Rizal met two compatriots while in Ghent,
and friendly Bousteads and proceeded to Paris by Jose Alejandro (from Pampanga) and Edilberto
train Evangelista (from Manila), both studying engineering
· April 4, 1891-Rizal wrote to his friend, Jose Ma. in the world-famed University of Ghent
Basa, in Hong Kong from Paris, expressing his desire · F. Meyer-Van Loo Press (No. 66 Viaanderen
to go to that British colony and practice Street)-a printing shop that give Rizal the lowest
ophthalmology in order to earn his living quotation for the publication of his novel, who was
· Middle of April, 1891- Rizal was back in Brussels willing to print his book on installment basis
· Since abdicating his leadership in Madrid in January, · August 6, 1891-the printing of his book had to be
suspended because Rizal could no longer give the who loved Isagani but married Juanito Pelaez, was
necessary funds to the printer Leonor Rivera.
· Valentin Ventura- the savior of the Fili
-When Ventura learned of Rizal’s predicament and
Chapter 20- OPHTHALMIC
immediately sent him the necessary funds SURGEON IN HONG KONG
· September 18, 1891- El Filibusterismo came off the (1891-1892)
press -Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong, where he lived from
-Rizal immediately sent on this date two printed November, 1891 to June, 1892. His reasons for
copies to Hong Kong—one for Basa and other for leaving Europe were (1) life was unbearable in
Sixto Lopez Europe because of his political differences with M.H.
· Rizal gratefully donated the original manuscript and del Pilar and other Filipinos in Spain (2) to be near his
an autographed printed copy to Valentin Ventura idolized Philippines and family
· La Publicidad- a Barcelona newspaper, wherein it · October 3, 1891-two weeks after the publication of
published a tribute eulogizing the novel’s original style Fili, Rizal left Ghent for Paris, where he stayed a few
which “is comparable only to the sublime Alexander days to say goodbye to the Lunas, the Pardo de
Dumas” and may well be offered as Taveras, the Venturas and other friends; Rizal
“a model and a precious jewel in the now decadent proceeded by train to Marseilles
literature of Spain” · October 18, 1891- Rizal boarded the steamer
· El Nuevo Regimen- the liberal Madrid newspaper Melbourne bound for Hong Kong
that serialized the novel in its issues of October, 1891 · Father Fuchs- a Tyrolese, Rizal enjoyed playing
· Rizal dedicated El Filibusterismo to Gom-Bur-Za chess. Rizal describe him to Blumentritt as “He is a
(Don Mariano Gomez, 73 years old; Don Jose fine fellow, A Father Damaso without pride and
Burgos, 35 years old; Jacinto Zamora, 37 years old) malice”
· The original manuscript of El Filibusterismo in · November 20, 1891-Rizal arrived in Hong Kong
Rizal’s own handwriting in now preserved in the · Rizal established his residence at No. 5 D’ Aguilar
Filipiana Division of the Bureau of Public Libraries, Street No. 2 Rednaxola Terrace, where he also
Manila. It consists of 270 pages of long sheets of opened his medical clinic
paper · December 1, 1891- Rizal wrote his parents asking
· Two features in the manuscript do not appear in the their permission to return home.
printed book, namely: the FOREWORD and the -On the same date, his brother-in-law, Manuel T.
WARNING. These were not put into print to save Hidalgo, sent him a letter relating the sad news of the
printing cost “deportation of twenty-five persons from Calamba,
· The title page of El Filibusterismo contains an including father, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano and
inscription written by Ferdinand Blumentritt the rest of us.”
· El Filibusterismo is a sequel to the Noli. It has little · The Christmas of 1891 in Hong Kong was one of the
humor, less idealism and less romance than the Noli happiest Yuletide celebrations in Rizal’s life: For he
Me Tangere. It is more revolutionary, more tragic than had a happy family reunion
the first novel · January 31, 1892- Rizal wrote to Blumentritt,
· The characters in El Filibusterismo were drawn by recounting pleasant life in Hong Kong
Rizal from real life. Padre Florentino was Father · To earn a living for himself and for his family, Rizal
Leoncio Lopez, Rizal’s friend and priest of Calamba; practiced medicine
Isagani, the poet was Vicente Ilustre, Batangueño · Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques- a Portuguese physician,
friend of Rizal in Madrid and Paulita Gomez, the girl who became Rizal’s friend and admirer, who helped
him to build up a wide clientele. In recognition of civic league of Filipinos, which he desired to establish
Rizal’s skill as an ophthalmic surgeon, he turned over and its role in the socio-economic life of the people.
to him many of his eye cases · The officers of the new league were elected, as
· Rizal successfully operated on his mother’s left eye follows: Ambrosio Salvador (President); Deodato
so that she was able to read and write again. Arellano
(Secretary); Bonifacio Arevalo (Treasurer); and
Agustin de la Rosa (Fiscal)
Chapter 20- SECOND · Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)- the motto of the
HOMECOMING AND THE LIGA Liga Filipina
FILIPINA The governing body of the league was the Supreme
-Rizal’s bold return to Manila in June, 1892 was his Council which had jurisdiction over the whole country.
second homecoming It was composed of a president, a secretary, a
-Rizal firmly believed that the fight for Filipino liberties treasurer, and a fiscal. There was a Provincial Council
had assumed a new phase: it must be fought in the in every province and a Popular Council in every town
Philippines not in Spain. “The battlefield is in the · The duties of the Liga members are as follows (1)
Philippines,” he told countrymen in Europe, “There is obey the orders of the Supreme Council (2) to help in
where we should meet… There we will help one recruiting new members (3) to keep in strictest
another, there together we will suffer or triumph secrecy the decisions of the Liga authorities (4) to
perhaps.” have symbolic name which he cannot change until he
becomes president of his council (5) to report to the
ARRIVAL IN MANILA WITH SISTER fiscal anything that he may hear which affect the Liga
· June 26, 1892- Sunday at 12:00 noon, Rizal and his (6) to behave well as befits a good Filipino (7) to help
widowed sister Lucia (wife of late Mariano Herbosa) fellow members in all ways
arrived in Manila
· In the afternoon, at 4:00 o’clock, he went to RIZAL ARRESTED AND JAILED IN FORT
Malacañang Palace to seek audience with the SANTIAGO
Spanish · July 6, 1892- Wednesday, Rizal went to Malacañang
governor general, General Eulogio Despujol, Conde Palace to resume his series of interviews with
de Caspe governor general
· June 27, 1892- at 6:00pm, Rizal boarded a train in · Pobres Frailles (Poor Friars)- incriminatory leaflets
Tutuban Station and visited his friends in Malolos which allegedly found in Lucia’s pillow cases; it is
(Bulacan), San Fernando (Pampanga), Tarlac under the authorship of Fr. Jacinto and printed by the
(Tarlac), and Bacolor (Pampanga) Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais, Manila
· Rizal returned by train to Manila on the next day, · Rizal was placed under arrest and escorted to Fort
June 28, at 5 o’clock in the afternoon Santiago by Ramon Despujol, nephew and aide of
Governor General Despujol
FOUNDLING OF THE LIGA FILIPINA · July 7, 1892- the Gaceta de Manila published the
· July 3, 1892- on the evening of Sunday, following his story of Rizal’s arrest which produced indignant
morning interview with Governor General Despujol, commotion among the Filipino people, particlarly the
Rizal attended a meeting with patriots at the home of members of the newly organized Liga Filipina
the Chinese-Filipino mestizo, Doroteo Ongjunco, on · The same issue of the Gaceta (july 7, 1892)
Ylaya Street, Tondo, Manila contained Governor General Despujol’s decree
· Rizal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina, a deporting
Rizal to “one of the islands in the South”
· July 14, 1892, shortly after midnight (that is 12:30
am of July 15, 1892) – Rizal was brought under heavy
guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for
Dapitan. This steamer under Captain Delgras
departed at 1:00 AM, July 15, sailing south, passing
Mindoro and Panay and reaching Dapitan on Sunday,
the 17 th of July at 7:00 in the evening
· Captain Ricardo Carnicero- Spanish commandant of
Dapitan whom Captain Delgras handed Rizal
· July 17, 1892- July 31, 2896- Rizal began his exile in
lonely Dapitan, a period of four years