Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Today, the source of electrical energy that is of concern is solar energy and vegetable energy
because it is easy to obtain and environmentally friendly. This situation helps the government
in saving electric energy especially in offices, hospitals, housing and so on, because the
electricity produced does not use fuel oil.

As of today, according to the Global Tracking Framework published by the World

Bank (World Bank, 2012), 1.2 billion people have no access to electricity. 80% of these
people live in rural areas, mainly in Asia and Africa. Even though big progresses towards
rural electrification were made over the last twenty years in the developing countries, there is
still a lot to improve. Access to electricity is a vital enabler for social development, public
health problems tackling – 1 million people die every year from respiratory diseases due to
solid fuel combustion for cooking – and local economic development. 100% global
electrification is therefore an absolute priority for many global organizations and
governments. The problem is: supplying electricity to remote areas is far from being easy
business. Two options can be considered: connection to an existing grid or design of a local
micro-grid.

Hybrid power plants allowing a reduced fossil fuel penetration appear therefore to be
a better solution for providing electricity in remote locations. Design of hybrid power plants
for isolated systems is quite new business and many attempts failed over the last decades due
to a certain lack of experience. Before considering tricky micro-grid regulation issues the
overall design has to be done in terms of configuration (PV plant, wind turbines, hydro
resources, biomass power plant, battery system, diesel genset, gas genset…) and management
strategy ensuring the reliability and optimization of the overall system. This task requires
more than just relying on rules of thumbs in order to define a proper design; and a hybrid
power plant computational model must be built and analyzed. This model will enable the
designer in charge to test configurations and run many simulations to decide which one is the
best according to predefined relevant criteria such as the cost of electricity, the grid
reliability, the fuel consumption, etc.

MESCET, Kunnukara 1 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

This situation is very influential on the development of current technology and rural
economic growth. Seeing this condition, the available electric power capacity certainly
cannot be sufficient anymore, so that another power plant is needed that is able to serve the
needs of the community. However, the current conditions are no longer possible because of
the investment costs of generation and the price of fuel oil which is high enough so that the
parties concerned are trying to save electricity.

1.2 Need Of Technology

In many regions of the world, power grids are either inadequate or nonexistent. As a result,
industrial consumers often ensure their power supply through diesel gensets. Five hundred
gig watts of power from diesel genset provide industrial companies with electricity
worldwide. However, fuel costs for the gensets continue to rise.
In addition, if the fuel has to be transported to remote regions, the effective costs increase
even more as a result of the necessary storage. At the same time, PV system costs have
dropped by more than 50 percent within the last three years: Solar power is often the most
economical alternative energy source for remote regions in the world’s sun belt. It simply
makes sense to combine PV and diesel systems so that solar irradiation – which is both
abundant and free – can profitably be used as an energy source in industrial applications

In contrast to power supply systems using diesel gensets, and despite their higher
initial cost, PV systems can be amortized in as little as four to five years, depending on the
site and system size, and they have low operating costs.

In addition, PV systems are flexible and can be expanded on a modular basis as the
energy demand grows. Compared to pure gensets systems, a photovoltaic diesel hybrid
system provides numerous advantages:

 Lower fuel costs

 Reduced risk of fuel price increases and supply shortages thanks to optimized
planning
 Minimal CO2 emissions (protects the environment and facilitates CO2 certificate
trading)

MESCET, Kunnukara 2 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

1.3 Scope of technology

Electricity is an essential part of the developing of culture and Industrial growth and it is very
relevant for the future growth of the economy. There is tremendous use of the Electricity in
overall development of Industrial and domestic section and it must be supplied on a
continuous basis in order to cover the daily requirements of all aspects. As we know energy is
the basic requirement for any development. Since 17th century requirement of energy is
increases due to the rapid increase in world population, technology and other political and
economic condition.

In India there are many states whose develop the hybrid energy to increase their economy
and best environment condition.

 Presently Most of the electricity generated across the central part of India which
utilizes coal, gas, oil, water or nuclear as a primary fuel. There are various dangerous
impact occur on the environment by using coal and nuclear as primary fuel.

And this is also proved that these primary fuel are present abundant in nature so it make
important to generate power by hybrid designing of solar and diesel power plant to achieve
the better environment condition and also to reduce the use of existing fossil fuels resources ,
it is important for future renewable sources.

 Hybrid Energy power generation offers generating power in the remote areas in India
among fifteen states, Rajasthan is one of the most potential of renewable resources.
 In many places like Jodhpur, Bikaner, etc. have large scope of renewable energy.

MESCET, Kunnukara 3 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

1.4 Objective

The main objective of the Policy is to provide a framework for promotion of large grid
connected solar – diesel hybrid system for optimal and efficient utilization of transmission
infrastructure and land, reducing the variability in renewable power generation and achieving
better grid stability.

Policy also aims to encourage new technologies, methods and way-outs involving
combined operation of solar-diesel hybrid power plants.

MESCET, Kunnukara 4 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 2

SOLAR POWER PLANT MODEL

2.1 SOLAR POWER PLANT

The Solar Power Plant is the part of the power plant in charge of converting natural solar
energy into electrical energy. This conversion is performed by the photovoltaic panels (PV
panels) which convert solar irradiance into direct electrical current thanks to the photovoltaic
effect. PV panels or modules and joined together to form strings and strings together form the
solar field. The solar power plant also includes power conversion systems (PCS) in charge of
converting direct current into alternating current.

Solar or in the international world better known as solar cell or photovoltaic cell, is a
Semiconductor device that has a wide surface and consists of a series of diodes of type p and
n, which can convert the energy of sunlight into electrical energy.

Solar cells are arranged by combining p and type n silicon. P-type silicon is positive
silicon due to lack of electrons while n-type silicon is negative silicon due to excess electrons
when it receives (charged) solar radiation (in the form of photons) in both (silicon p and n)
forms positive (holes) and negative (electron). This causes polarization where the hole moves
toward silicon type n. by connecting both types of silicon (type p and type n) through an
external conductor, there is a potential difference between the two and direct current flows.
This illustration is presented in Fig.

The definition of photovoltaic itself is the process of converting light into electrical
energy. Therefore the field of research related to solar energy is often also known as
photovoltaic research.

MESCET, Kunnukara 5 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

Figure.2.12 Inside a Photovoltaic Cell

2.2 Current Technologies

Solar technologies have evolved a lot since they first made their debut in the 1960s. While
previously solar photovoltaic’s (PV) were seen as a thing of the future, today, technological
breakthroughs have positioned the industry for huge growth.

Researchers have longed looked for ways to improve the efficiency and cost-
effectiveness of solar cells - the life blood of solar PV systems. A solar PV array is comprised
of hundreds, sometimes thousands of solar cells, that individually convert radiant sun light
into electrical currents. The average solar cell is approximately 15% efficient, which means
nearly 85% of the sunlight that hits them does not get converted into electricity. As such,
scientists have constantly been experimenting with new technologies to boost this light
capture and conversion.

Light-Sensitive Nan particles. Recently, a group of scientists at the University of

Toronto unveiled a new type of light-sensitive nano particle called colloidal quantum dots,
that many believe will offer a less expensive and more flexible material for solar cells.

MESCET, Kunnukara 6 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

Specifically, the new materials use n-type and p-type semiconductors - but ones that can
actually function outdoors. This is a unique discovery since previous designs weren't capable
of functioning outdoors and therefore not practical applications for the solar market.
University of Toronto researchers discovered that n-type materials bind to oxygen - the new
colloidal quantum dots don't bind to air and therefore can maintain their stability outside.
This helps increase radiant light absorption. Panels using this new technology were found to
be up to eight percent more efficient at converting sunlight.

A series of new developments in solar PV technology also promise to contribute to

the industry's success.

For the first time ever, researchers connected nine biological-solar (bio-solar) cells
into a bio-solar panel and continuously produced electricity from the panel and generated the
most wattage of any existing small-scale bio-solar cells.
Last year, the group took steps towards building a better bio-solar cell by changing the
materials used in anodes and cathodes (positive and negative terminals) of the cell and also
created a miniature micro fluidic-based single-chambered device to house the bacteria instead
of the conventional, dual-chambered bio-solar cells.
However, this time, the group connected nine identical bio-solar cells in a 3x3 pattern to
make a scalable and stackable bio-solar panel. The panel continuously generated electricity
from photosynthesis and respiratory activities of the bacteria in 12-hour day-night cycles over
60 total hours.
The current research is the latest step in using cyan bacteria—which can be found in
almost every terrestrial and aquatic habitat on earth—as a source of clean and sustainable
energy.
Even with the breakthrough, a typical “traditional" solar panel on the roof of a
residential house, made up of 60 cells in a 6x10 configuration, generates roughly 200 watts of
electrical power at a given moment. The cells from this study, in a similar configuration,
would generate about 0.00003726 watts. So, it isn’t efficient just yet, but the findings open
the door to future research of the bacteria itself.
“Once a functional bio-solar panel becomes available, it could become a permanent
power source for supplying long-term power for small, wireless telemetry systems as well as
wireless sensors used at remote sites where frequent battery replacement is impractical," said
Seokheun ‘Sean’ Choi, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering in

MESCET, Kunnukara 7 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

Binghamton University’s Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, and
co-author of the paper, in a 11 April press statement.

2.3 Need of Solar Power Plant

The sun provides more than enough energy to meet the whole world’s energy needs,
and unlike fossil fuels, it won’t run out anytime soon. As a renewable energy source, the only
limitation of solar power is our ability to turn it into electricity in an efficient and cost-
effective way.

No greenhouse gas emissions are released into the atmosphere when you use solar
panels to create electricity. And because the sun provides more energy than we’ll ever need,
electricity from solar power is a very important energy source in the move to clean energy
production. After solar panels have been installed, operational costs are quite low compared
to other forms of power generation. Fuel isn’t required, and this means that solar power can
create large amounts of electricity without the uncertainty and expense of securing a fuel
supply.

Solar is a safe alternative which can replace current fossil fuels like coal and gas for
generation of electricity that produce air, water, and land pollution. Nuclear power pollutes
water and land and has caused environmental catastrophes. Use of solar energy will eliminate
these unsafe, unclean consequences from using conventional fossil fuels.

MESCET, Kunnukara 8 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 3

DIESEL/GENSET POWER PLANT

3.1 Diesel/Genset Power Plant

A diesel power plant or standby power station is the plant when we use diesel engine as a
prime mover or combine a diesel engine with an electric generator to produce electrical
energy by using diesel fuel or liquid fuels like natural gas.

It’s generally a compact station so it can be located when we actually require it. And
the diesel power plant produces limited amounts of electricity. also as an emergency supply
station for many countries; and as diesel plant produces power in the range of 2 to 50 MW;
So, We can use it as standby sets to supply peak load of hospitals, radio station, telephone
exchanges, industries, cinema theatres, and very suitable for mobile power generation,
railways and ships.

3.2 Working Principle

The working principle of the diesel power station is very simple; as we compress the
air in a cylinder to raise the temperature, then we burn the diesel inside the engine and the
combustion produces the working fluid at high temperature and high-pressure to convert the
heat energy into mechanical energy.

And as the diesel engine acts as a prime mover it rotates the rotor of the electrical
generator and converts this mechanical energy into electrical energy. This working principle
is a working cycle done by the processes: intake, compression, expansion, and exhaust.

MESCET, Kunnukara 9 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

Figure.3.21 Diesel Engine

3.3 Components of Diesel/Genset Power Plant

The diesel power station consists of many components used to achieve the best of the plant
let’s illustrate:

 Engine: it’s the main part of the plant which used to produce power, it may be of the
two-stroke or four strokes.
 Fuel supply system: it consists of a storage tank where we store the oil supplied to the
plant, all day fuel tank where the oil pumped for usage, strainer which used to remove
suspended impurities of the oil, and fuel injection (transfer) pump which used to inject
the clean oil into the engine.
 Strainer: it’s used to remove solid impurities from the oil transferred from the main
tank to small dry tank through this strainer.

MESCET, Kunnukara 10 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

 Air intake system: it’s used to remove the dust particles from the atmospheric air to
supply fresh air to the engine for combustion, it may be dry (or oil) bath filter or oil
immersed filter, and it consists of pipes to supply the fresh air and filters to remove
dust particles from the air.
 Exhaust system: it’s used to remove the exhaust gas from the engine to the
atmosphere, and we also add a silencer to this system to reduce the noise level of the
system.
 Cooling system: it’s very important in the diesel power station to have a cooling
system to maintain the overall temperature of the engine at an agreeable level, and
this cooling system requires a water source, a water pump which circulates water
through a cylinder, and cooling towers which used to cool the hot water.
 Lubricating system: it’s used to minimize the wear of the rubbing surface of the
engine as we store oil in a main lubricating oil tank then draw this oil from an oil
pump to pass through the oil filter to remove impurities.

MESCET, Kunnukara 11 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

Figure.3.31 Components Of Diesel/Genset Power Plant

MESCET, Kunnukara 12 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 4

Hybrid PLTS – Genset / Diesel

4.1 Hybrid PLTS – Genset / Diesel

As described in the introduction, defining the best size and structure for a hybrid power plant
requires a deep understanding of all its components and their evolution over the life time of
the project. The best way to acquire such knowledge would be to build an actual prototype of
the power plant and test all the possible configurations. This would actually allow the best
understanding of the performance functions and provide the most trustworthy results but is
obviously impossible to achieve. Indeed no company could realistically consider building a
plant customizable prototype for each project they run. That would of course be too
expensive and would take way too much time. As a result, developing a hybrid power plant
computational model seems to be reasonable alternative. Even though results issued from a
model calculation cannot be considered as flawless as experimental results, they are
undoubtedly useful to understand the plant behaviour. A decisive advantage of using a model
is that a multitude of simulations can be run in order to study the impact of any setting and
compare relevant results. Making a model as realistic as possible is the engineer’s work and
is part of the work presented in this paper. It is also critical for the developers to be aware of
the model’s limitations and estimate how close its results are from the reality

The term Hybrid is defined as the use of two or more power plants with different
energy sources, generally used for captive generators, so that a synergy that provides
economic and
technical benefits means the reliability of the supply system.

The main purpose of a hybrid system is basically to try to combine two or more
energy sources (generating systems) so that they can cover each other's weaknesses and can
achieve supply reliability and economic efficiency on certain load profiles.
Type load (Load profile) is an important keyword in a hybrid system. For each
different load profile, a hybrid system with a certain composition is needed, so that the
optimum system can be achieved. Therefore, system design and sizing systems play an
important role in achieving the target of a hybrid system. For example, a relatively constant
load profile for 24 hours can be supplied efficiently and economically by the generator (with

MESCET, Kunnukara 13 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

the appropriate capacity), but the load profile where electricity usage during the day differs
greatly compared to night time, will make the generator use not optimum. Hybrid PV-Genset
combination will reduce the generator operating hours (for example from 24 hours per day to
only 4 hours per day at peak load only) so that O & M costs can be more efficient, while
PLTS is used to supply base loads, so no initial investment is needed big. Thus Hybrid PV-
Genset will be able to save O & M costs, reduce inefficiency in the use of generators, and at
the same time avoid the need for large initial investments.
Hybrid system modelling can be expressed in the form of a centralized AC and DC
Relationship as shown in Figure

Figure 4.12 Hybrid System Modelling

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Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

4.2 Major Hybrid Power Plant Goals

The hybrid power plants are designed to create maximum efficiency. Hybrid power plant is
renewable resources therefore they are abundant in nature. It is also eco-friendly causing no
harm to the nature. The pollution caused by hybrid power plant is relatively low in nature

The major goals are to:

1. Continuous power supply:

 Provide continuous power supply

 Backup battery available.
 Life goes without any intervention.

2. Utilize renewable recourse in best way:

 There is no waste of excess energy.

 Solar energy resource is utilised maximum.
 Maximum output is extracted from the resources.

4. Create jobs by:

 Providing a stronger national economy and increasing global competitiveness.

 Increasing jobs in research and development.
 Facilitating technology transfer.

MESCET, Kunnukara 15 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 5

WORKING
Basically, the PV system complements the diesel gensets. It can supply additional energy
when loads are high or relieve the genset to minimize its fuel consumption. In the future,
excess energy could optionally be stored in batteries, making it possible for the hybrid system
to use more solar power even at night. Intelligent management of various system components
ensures optimal fuel economy and minimizes CO2 emissions.

Depending on the consumer and their situation the main energy can be the grid power,
the PV system or the diesel genset. When it is tied to the grid we would talk about on grid
system and when it’s isolated, this is an off-grid system. (poor grid to link)

In any case, those energy sources are used to complements one another. Whether the
goal is to fill in the gap made by grid failure or to reduce fuel expenditure, the PV system can
supply additional energy. Batteries can also be used to store the excess energy to be used later
on.

An energy management system like ePowerControl can ensure fuel saving and
optimal operation of the overall system.

Figure 5.0 Working of the system

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Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

5.1 Components of Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

 Diesel genset

Diesel Gensets provide energy through fuel consumption. They are most of the time used
in poor-grid (recurring power outage) or off-grid sites as a backup or the main energy
resource. Their operating cost is high because of the constant need for fuel to power all the
connected equipment but can even increase because of the fuel cost which fluctuates.

In grid-remote regions, pure diesel systems often provide the energy for industrial
applications. They constitute the local grid, ensuring a constant power supply to all connected
users. Because the gensets require a constant fuel supply, they are often the system’s highest
operating cost. In regions with weak utility grids, diesel gensets often serve as a backup
during grid power outages.

 Photovoltaic system

A photovoltaic array is the complete power-generating unit, consisting of any number of

PV modules and panels. PV panels are designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy
for generating electricity. They use the solar photovoltaic (PV) technology that converts solar
radiation into direct current. The solar power is generated in the PV modules, which can be
mounted on the ground or on a roof, depending on local conditions

 Solar inverters

A solar inverter is one of the most important elements of the solar electric power system.
It converts the variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into the
alternating 240V current (AC). A centralized PV system contains only one string into a
central point where direct current is converted to alternating current. In a decentralized PV
system, the PV power is divided into many strings, which are converted into alternating
current by several inverters.

MESCET, Kunnukara 17 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

 Energy System management (EMS)

The eOS system is an EMS which can be used to monitor, control, and optimize the
performance of the generation or transmission system, being the bridge between the PV
systems, the gensets and loads. The ePowerControl can not only ensure maximum security
but also minimizes CO2 emissions, fuel and maintenance costs. The ePowerMonitor enables
the user to monitor their installations and to analyze the current load and grid condition.

The Fuel Save Controller provides the perfect interface between the gensets, PV systems
and loads, managing demand-based PV feed-in into the diesel-powered grid. As the central
component of the Fuel Save Solution, it ensures maximum security with reduced fuel costs
and minimizes CO2 emissions. The Fuel Save Solution can achieve 60 percent of PV
capacity compared to installed genset capacity. This means 600 kW of PV power can be
generated from one megawatt of the installed genset power. The Fuel Save Controller
consists of three modules:

 PV Main Controller Module

Controls PV power injected into the Diesel grid. Provides optimal PV feed-in capacity
by evaluating current genset and overall load status.

 Interface Module

Records and transmits data and setpoints as the interface between the PV Main
Controller and inverters.

 Data Acquisition Module

Quickly and precisely analyzes the current load and grid conditions in the system and
transmits the data to the PV Main Controller Module.

MESCET, Kunnukara 18 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 6

OPERATION AND MAINTANENCE

 PV PANELS
Beyond the local solar resource and the cost of fuel (and its potential
escalation), many other parameters influence the actual payback period of a
hybridization investment. Solar PV panels have a long lifespan (more than 20 years),
but their yield gets slightly reduced over time. This parameter has to be computed in
the economic analysis across the project timeframe. PV panel manufacturers generally
guarantee 90% of initial performance after 10 years and 80% after 25 years. Further,
the actual possibility of resorting to the guarantee, if needed after a few years, remains
an open question in areas where distributors are not well-established companies.
 BATTERY BANK
The lifespan of the battery depends on many parameters related to the way
they are operated and to external conditions, in particular the ambient temperature.
For instance, typical lead-acid batteries designed for solar energy applications will
lose between 15% to 20% of their lifespan (the number of charge/discharge cycles
they can perform) for each 5°C above the standard temperature of 25°C. In addition,
the deeper the battery is discharged at each cycle (depth of discharge), the shorter its
lifespan. This implies that to reach an optimal battery lifespan, one has to install a
large enough battery to achieve a suitable depth of discharge. Considering the battery
cost (around 20% to 30% of total system cost) it is reasonable to design the battery
bank and its operating conditions to last for six years minimum and ideally eight to
ten years.
 INVERTERS
An inverter’s lifespan can extend to more than ten years, but this component is
a high-technology product and the replacement of a failing component has to be
undertaken by a technician from the supplying company. The specific complexity of
the inverter often requires that a proper after-sales service plan be implemented to
ensure long-term sustainability of the system. Risks associated with the failure of an
inverter should be considered, especially in remote locations or countries with very
limited presence of specialized suppliers.
 DIESEL GENERATOR

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Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

Regarding the diesel generator, major maintenance operations should be

considered with respect to the cost and unavailability of the equipment. Gensets in the
range of 30 kVA to 200 kVA would typically need a major maintenance operation
after 15,000 to 25,000 running hours.
 EVOLUTION OF THE LOAD
The evolution of the load can also affect the share of each energy source in the
total power supply of the hybrid system. This can affect the payback period as well.
Generally a load increase would mean a reduction of solar energy stored and an
increase of solar energy injected directly, and thus a reduction in storage losses.
However, a significant load increase in the segments of the daily load curve that are to
be supplied by the battery bank and associated inverter will entail higher discharge
currents and thus reduced cycle efficiency.

MESCET, Kunnukara 20 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 7

POTENTIAL BENEFITS
The best use cases for a solar diesel hybrid system can normally be found in remote areas.
These places are often off-grid and transport and storage of diesel can be expensive. But be it,
poor grid or off-grid, all situations can benefit from a hybrid system.

In a poor-grid situation where the electricity supplier is unreliable and the power cut
regular, ePowerControl controls the PV inverters active power output to achieve minimum
diesel generators loading constraint to eliminate the risk of reverse power flows to the gensets
during outage events, when gensets are the main source of energy.

In a off-grid, ePowerControl manage all the components of the PV hybrid system and
optimize its use-schedule according to the prediction of the solar generation, the cost of fuel
and the batteries charging status. The PV system is then used at its maximum capacity and
the fuel consumption is considerably reduced.

MESCET, Kunnukara 21 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 8

CASE STUDY OF PV/DIESEL HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM

FOR A SCHOOL IN GORAKHPUR

Electrification is a vital factor for sustainable development of any country [1]. The rural areas
which are isolated from urban areas are not connected to electricity grid because of huge
investment and much time is required for electrification [2]. For the Electrification of rural
villages, schools, and hospitals there are different technological approach available, in which
renewable energy systems are very common. Another option is diesel-power generator which
issued to supply electricity. It provides a simple solution and can be designed for different
capacities, for fulfilling electricity demand. Infrastructure, operation & maintenance cost of
diesel generator is the major problems for the application of diesel generator in rural areas
electrification. To overcome these difficulties, use of renewable energy like solar
photovoltaic, wind energy as an energy resource for isolated areas is very beneficial.
However, major problems by using standalone energy system like solar & wind energy is
discontinuous energy supply, resulting in intermittent supply of power and creating problems
if continuous supply is required. Use of hybrid energy system can improve this problem.

8.1 Result and Discussion

The optimization results for solar radiation parameters 5.3 kWh/m2 /day and diesel price Rs.
58.94/litre are illustrated in the Table [1]. It is seen that there are three system architecture
PV/battery, PV/battery/generator & Gen/battery and for continuous supply
PV/battery/generator system is optimal solution for that school. A PV/Diesel hybrid energy
system is economically more realistic with a minimum (Cost of energy) COE of Rs.
31.21/kWh and least Net present cost (NPC) of Rs. 1585812. The hybrid energy system
consists of 5 kW PV panels, a DG with a rated power capacity of 2.5kw and 10 storage-
batteries with adding to 2 kW power converters are found to be most practical system. Table
[2] shows the details related to energy generated by PV Panels and diesel generator.This
excess energy. Total hour working of Diesel generator is 14 hr./year. Excess power can be used for
other purpose like street lighting of road in village etc. Table [3] shows the optimization

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Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

result for diesel generator system at fuel price Rs.58.94 and load scaled average
of10.89kWh/day.

MESCET, Kunnukara 23 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

The optimal PV/generator hybrid system for school (Baghar, Gorakhpur) is optimized using
HOMER software tool. Load demand is fulfilled by use of 5kW photovoltaic panels and 2
kW inverter, 2.5 kW capacity diesel generators and 10 batteries of 6V are the optimal
solution for school based on load and net present cost. All the selected components are easily
available in the market and system can be easily implemented at the school. Cost of
electricity of system is Rs.31.21/kWh and 4259.6 kg/year emission of greenhouse gas is
reduced.

MESCET, Kunnukara 24 Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering

Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 9

ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR-DIESEL HYBRID POWER

PLANT

 The daily output will be more stable

Since both energy sources may offset the variations in output mutually. The
overall system will be productive during the day and during the night, since diesel
power isn't limited by sunlight.
 Simple design & layout of plant
Solar-diesel hybrid power plant has simple design and layout compared to
other hybrid power plant. Construction of these kind of power plant are more of
simple and elegant in procedure
 Occupies less space
These kind of power plant need less space to setup. A large are of land or
space is not needed to construct solar diesel hybrid power plant as it is needed of only
less space.
 Eco-Friendly
These type of power plant are eco friendly. The pollution caused by these type
of power plants are very much low compared to other power plants

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Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 10

DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR-DIESEL HYBRID POWER

PLANT

 High diesel charges

As we all know the price of diesel is fluctuating day by day. Thus the running
charge of the power plant also may vary according ly
 Efficiency
The power plant does not work efficiently at prolonged loaded condition. This
is a major disadvantage of solar diesel hybrid power plant
 Power Generated
The power generated by these type of power plant are relatively low compared
to other type of power plant.
 Maintenance Charge
The maintenance charge of these type of power plant are relatively high.

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Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

CHAPTER 11

CONCLUSION

The cost of solar diesel hybrid systems can be easily amortized, especially in sunny regions.
An already existing system can be upgraded and last longer with the addition of an intelligent
energy management system. For Industrial companies, Telecom companies, Resorts, and
States, Elum Energy provides a perfect complement to achieve a reliable, effective and

environment-friendly solution for high energy demand at low cost.

Photovoltaic diesel hybrid systems can be amortized especially quickly in sunny

regions, with little or no grid access. For industries such as mining; raw material processing;
agricultural companies such as flower farms and water desalinization systems and tourism
facilities with a high energy demand low power generation costs, quick operational readiness,
maximum reliability and availability are fundamental. The environmental benefits are also
convincing: CO2 emissions and noise pollution are significantly reduced, minimizing the
environmental impact. Environmentally friendly and cost-effective.

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Seminar Report 2019 Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant

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