W O R K B O O K

Science

1
Insects
Insects Q & A

Vocabulary Practice

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

hatch antennae backbone inject

starve sticky bite saliva

Word Definition
1. v. to attack or harm with one’s mouth

2. n. the liquid produced in the mouth of a person or animal

3. v. to come out of an egg

4. v. to die from not having enough food

5. n. (pl.) the two long, thin parts on an insect’s head that it uses

to feel things

6. n. the line of bones down the middle of the back

7. adj. easily attaching to other things

8. v. to force something into a person or object

B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. A(n) is an environment and all the animals and plants that live in it.
a. earth ecosystem c. neighborhood

2. is the fine powder made by a plant.

a. Pollen b. Juice c. Root

3. If part of your body , you get a feeling that you want to scratch it.
a. itches b. coughs c. breaks

4. If you something, then you remove it or throw it away.

a. get on with b. get out of c. get rid of

Lesson 1 • Insects Q & A 3

 Science

Sentence Practice 2
Insects
Cicadas

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( because / they need / to lay eggs / They bite you / your blood / . )
A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

dig lay shed emerge

2. ( animals / backbones / don’t have / Insects / like / some other / . )
burrow protein thick buzz

3. ( ants and flies, / can / How / some insects, / crawl up walls / such as / ? ) Word Definition
1. v. to come out of something

4. ( and they / are divided / have / into three sections, / six legs / Their bodies /. ) 2. v. to make a hole in the ground

3. v. to make an egg come out of the body

5. ( them stick / between their claws / Some have / that help / to the walls or ceilings 4. adj. having a large distance between both sides
/ special, sticky pads /. )
5. n. a substance in food, such as meat and eggs, that helps build

muscle
6. ( animal species / about 90% of / represents / that exist on the earth / the total 6. n. a hole or tunnel that an animal or insect lives in
number of / This number/ . )
7. v. to make a low, steady sound, like the sound of an insect
This number represents about 90% of the total number of animal species that
exist on the earth. 8. v. to remove something naturally, such as skin
More Reading Comprehension
B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
1. The is the outer layer of a tree.
a. bark b. flower
flower c. branch
This keeps the earth clean.
2. If you something, then you make certain that it happens.
Q: What roles do insects play in ecosystems? a. fill
fill b. ensure c. replace
A: They help plants spread their pollen and seeds. (1) They also get rid of the bodies of
3. The is the number of people that live in a place.
dead animals by eating them. (2) They are also an important part of the diets of other a. species b. survival c. population
animals. (3) If insects didn’t exist, there wouldn’t be any plants, the earth would be
4. If something is , then it is fully grown and developed.
covered in waste, and many animals would starve to death. (4)
a. adult b. youth c. selfish
selfish

4 Lesson 2 • Cicadas 5
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3 The Butterfly Effect

s
Sentence Practice Insects

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( all the buzzing / This is / and clicking / we hear / when /. )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

flap assassination opposed to laboratory

2. ( of their lives / a small part / Cicadas / in trees / only spend /. )
coast tragedy mold consequence

3. ( dig back up / nymphs / of the earth / The surviving / to the surface /. ) Word Definition
1. n. a terrible event

4. ( cicadas are / No matter / of nature / the reason is, / truly a wonder / what /. ) 2. v. to move wings up and down

3. n. the land next to the sea

5. ( soon after mating, / their eggs / die / females die / Male cicadas / after they 4. adj. against or not agreeing with something
lay / while /. )
5. n. the result of an action or decision

6. n. the murder of an important person

6. ( even if / to ensure that / Cicadas lay / many nymphs get eaten / so many eggs
7. n. the room where scientists do experiments
/ their population remains stable /. )
8. n. a soft, fuzzy substance that grows on rotting things
Cicadas lay so many eggs to ensure that their population remains stable even
if many nymphs get eaten.

More Reading Comprehension B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. A is an idea that has not yet been proven to be true.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
a. speech b. theory c. fact

2. If you something, then you think it will happen.

Small and wingless, they are known as nymphs.
a. grow b. forget c. expect
Just before female cicadas die, they lay their eggs in the bark of branches. One cicada lays
3. A is a group of people that controls or leads a country.
from 400 to 6,000 eggs. (1) Six to ten weeks later, the eggs hatch. (2) The baby cicadas a. king b. choice c. government
drop to the ground and dig burrows deep into the soil. (3) Depending on their species,
4. If you do something , then you plan to do it.
nymphs spend from 1 to 17 years in these burrows, sucking liquid from tree roots. (4)
a. right away b. on purpose c. by mistake

6 Lesson 3 • The Butterfly Effect 7

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4 Eating Insects

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Sentence Practice Insects

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( tragedy / doesn’t always / The butterfly effect / lead to /. )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

nutrient disgusting billion decrease

2. ( found that / had killed / He / some kind of mold / the bacteria /. )
require estimate available report

3. ( hits / A few days later, / a huge hurricane / of Texas / the coast /. ) Word Definition
1. n. one thousand million

4. ( has saved / He used / millions of lives / which / this mold / to create penicillin, /. ) 2. adj. able to be used

3. n. a substance that living things need to live and grow

5. ( everything / has consequences / remind us that / the butterfly effect / These 4. v. to make a guess about something by using facts or information
examples of / we do /. )
5. v. to become smaller in number or amount

6. adj. extremely unpleasant

6. ( It’s a concept / often wrong / to explain / weather forecasts are / that was first
7. n. an official document that describes an event or situation
used / why /. )
8. v. to need something

More Reading Comprehension

B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
1. is the ground where plants grow.
a. Soil b. Sunlight c. Energy
In 1914, his driver made a wrong turn onto a backstreet.
2. If something has , then it has a need for food.
Throughout history, there have been many examples of the butterfly effect. (1) Take the a. trend b. hunger c. diet
case of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. (2) He was expected to become the king
3. You something by using up all of it.
of Austria-Hungary. (3) There, he was shot and killed by a man opposed to the Austro-
a. run out of b. back away from c. look forward to
Hungarian government. (4) This single killing caused a series of events that eventually led
4. When you to somewhere, you go back to somewhere you were before.
to the start of the First World War.
a. travel b. return c. move

8 Lesson 4 • Eating Insects 9

 Science

Sentence Practice 5
Mo
untains
How Mountains Are Formed

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( ant eggs / are considered / fried in butter / delicious / In Mexico, /. )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

crash crack explosively harden

2. ( but also / are / good for / Insects / not only abundant / your health /. )
erupt enormous ash force

3. ( than beef does / actually contain / Locusts / more iron /. ) Word Definition
1. v. to hit something hard while moving

4. ( are already / across the world / many people / being eaten by / Insects /. ) 2. v. to become firm over a period of time

3. n. the powder that remains after something is burnt

5. ( as other animals / as much / greenhouse gases too, / Insects / release / but not /. ) 4. v. to push something so that it moves

5. adj. very large in size or amount

6. ( to the soil / and dead bodies / They can break down / of other animals, / the 6. adv. suddenly and violently
waste / returning their nutrients /. )
7. v. to explode and shoot hot material into the air

8. n. a thin line where something has broken

More Reading Comprehension B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. The is the outer layer of the earth.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
a. atmosphere b. crust c. center

2. If something has been , then it has been raised to a higher point.

Meanwhile, the earth’s population keeps growing.
a. folded b. dropped c. uplifted
Many people around the world don’t have enough food to eat. (1) It is estimated that
3. When you , you walk a long distance for fun or exercise.
it will reach nine billion by the year 2050. (2) Also, we are quickly running out of new a. flow
flow b. dance c. hike
land to use for farming and raising animals. (3) The number of fish in our oceans is also
4. You something by coming to understand how it happens or works.
decreasing, because of pollution and overfishing. (4)
a. figure
figure out b. meet up c. ride on

10 Lesson 5 • How Mountains Are Formed 11

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6 The Wall of Death

s
Sentence Practice Mo
untains

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( as a result / activities / are formed / Mountains / of the earth’s / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

twist reach unstable route

2. ( blocks of / force / rock / upward / These cracks / or downward / . )
freeze steep challenging adventure

3. ( these big mountains / ever wondered / Have you / made / what / ? ) Word Definition
1. adj. going up or down at a very sharp angle

4. ( when / crash together / formed / Mountains / are usually / the earth’s plates / . ) 2. v. to arrive at a place after traveling

3. adj. likely to change quickly or without warning

5. ( mountains are / No matter how / natural wonders / to enjoy / they were formed, / 4. n. a bend or curve in a road or river
for us / . )
5. v. to become extremely cold

6. n. a trail or path from one place to another

6. ( with so much energy / crash together / that / forced up / they are / The plates / . )
7. adj. difficult, often in a fun way

8. n. the taking of risks for excitement

More Reading Comprehension B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. When you something, you move yourself up to a higher part of it.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
a. climb b. catch c. measure

2. You by completing what you tried to do.

One example of this kind of mountain is Mt. Halla on Jeju-do, a Korean island.
a. succeed b. quit c. continue
Magma under the earth’s surface can form mountains as well. (1) Magma is molten rock.
3. If something is , then it makes you feel afraid.
It’s liquid, so it flows through cracks. (2) When the magma finds its way to the surface, it a. silly b. scary c. boring
erupts explosively as lava, rock, ash and volcanic gas. (3) As the lava cools and hardens, a
4. When something , something happens.
“volcanic mountain” is created. (4)
a. erupts b. develops c. occurs

12 Lesson 6 • The Wall of Death 13

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7 Sherpas

s
Sentence Practice Mo
untains

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( after being caught / in snowstorms / have even frozen / Some / to death / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

worship porter condition equipment

2. ( 65 people / have been killed / reach the top / More than / trying to / . )
adapt summit hire expert

3. ( for years / have been trying / of the Eiger / People / to climb the north face / . ) Word Definition
1. v. to pay someone to do a particular job

4. ( climbers have to / many twists and turns / so steep that / The wall is / go up / . ) 2. n. the items or tools needed to do something

3. n. a worker who carries bags or luggage

5. ( climbing the north face of / why / is so challenging / There are / three main 4. v. to treat something or someone as a god
reasons / the Eiger / . )
5. n. the state in which a particular thing exists

6. v. to change in order to fit into a new situation or environment

6. ( the face / This makes / falling rocks / and can lead to / very unstable / . )
7. adj. having special skills or knowledge related to something

8. n. the highest point of a mountain

B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

More Reading Comprehension 1. You something if you have it in common with other people.
a. spin b. share c. take
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
2. If something something else, the two things then they are directly related.
a. looks for b. falls over c. refers to
The north face of the Eiger is the most famous of these routes.
3. When things you to do something, they let you do it.
The Eiger is a mountain in Switzerland. (1) It is 3,970 meters high, and there are several a. allow b. fail c. possible
routes to climb up to the top. (2) It is called Nordwand in German, which simply means
4. If you make a by doing something, you earn money by doing it.
“north wall.” (3) However, it is nicknamed Mordwand , which means “death wall.” (4)
a. living b. top c. history

14 Lesson 7 • Sherpas 15
 Sports

Sentence Practice 8
Mo
untains
Mountain Survival Skills

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( ever to / They / the first people / do so / were / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

prepare shelter blanket run out

2. ( They / and harsh weather / to the high / had adapted / altitude conditions / . )
essential stream spark steel

3. ( are famous / for providing / foreign / Sherpas / mountain climbers / support to / . ) Word Definition
1. adj. necessary

4. ( and knew / expert climbers / They / the area / were / a lot about / . ) 2. n. a body of flowing water that is smaller than a river

3. n. a very strong, hard kind of metal made mainly of iron

5. ( climb mountains / by helping tourists / Many Sherpas / still make their living / . ) 4. n. a place that keeps people and things dry and safe

5. n. a piece of cloth used to cover and keep a person warm

6. ( hired by / the Himalayas / guides or porters / mountain climbers in / Nowadays, / 6. v. to become used up or finished
usually refers to / the word “Sherpa” / . )
7. n. a small, brief flame made by hitting two hard things together

8. v. to get everything ready before doing something

More Reading Comprehension

B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
1. If you have something, then you have a lot of it in one place.
a. a cup of b. a couple of c. a pile of
Sherpas worship the mountains.
2. If something is , then it is below the surface of earth.
Sherpas are a group of people living in northeastern Nepal. (1) Most of them live around a. huge b. underground c. heavy
the world’s highest mountain, Mt. Everest, and there are about 40,000 Sherpas in all. (2)
3. A is an opening or an empty space in something.
Sherpas are most likely from Tibet, because they wear Tibetan clothing and share many a. container b. hole c. solid
Tibetan traditions. (3) They even call Mt. Everest “Chomolungma,” which means “mother
4. A large opening in the earth or in a mountain is called a .
of the gods.” (4)
a. cave b. hill c. cliff

16 Lesson 8 • Mountain Survival Skills 17

 Science

Sentence Practice 9
Ele
c tr i c i t y
How Electricity Is Made

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( drinking water / Another thing / clean / is / you’ll need / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

magnet alternative operate pollute

2. ( can be / prepared / dangerous / if / Mountains / you’re not / . )
renewable spin reliable steam

3. ( running water, / or river / to look for / a stream / It’s best / such as / . ) Word Definition
1. v. to use and control something, such as a machine

4. ( cover / a blanket, / If you don’t have / your body / instead / with a pile of leaves / . ) 2. n. gas that is created by boiling water

3. v. to turn around and around quickly

5. ( any empty containers, / rainwater / use them / you can / If you have / to collect / . ) 4. adj. providing another option or choice

5. n. a piece of metal that can attract other metals

6. ( and got lost / Imagine / of plants and animals / with your friends or family / you 6. v. to make the environment dirty and unsafe
went hiking / while taking pictures / . )
7. adj. always doing what it is expected to do

8. adj. able to be replaced naturally and used again

More Reading Comprehension B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. A is a source of energy formed from dead plants or animals.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
a. fossil fuel b. wind power c. solar energy

2. Something is if it is created by separating or joining the parts of atoms.

Just make sure that the fire doesn’t spread!
a. intelligent b. dramatic c. nuclear
Fire is essential because mountains get cold at night, even in the summer. (1) Fire also
3. If something is good, it is better than other similar things.
keeps dangerous animals away and can let people know where you are. (2) Therefore, you a. relatively b. perfectly c. fortunately
should always carry a lighter or a box of matches with you. (3) If you don’t have either of
4. A(n) is a machine that creates electricity.
these, you can hit a rock against a piece of steel to make a spark and start a fire. (4)
a. equipment b. generator c. radioactive

18 Lesson 9 • How Electricity Is Made 19

 ial Studi
Soc Sciencees

10 Eel Power!
&

Sentence Practice Ele

c tr i c i t y

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( inside it / A generator / a machine / is / with magnets / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

power aluminum awareness promote

2. ( what / is / electricity / of the magnets / The spinning / creates / . )
capture panel attack electrical socket

3. ( many alternative / to make / There are / electricity / methods / . ) Word Definition

1. v. to take something or gain control of it

4. ( causes / which can also / generators / to turn, / power / Wind / windmills / . ) 2. v. to act violently and try to hurt someone or something

3. v. to make people think something is important

5. ( that live / Building dams / can have / in the water / harmful effects / on plants and 4. electrical socket n. a device on a wall that an electrical plug is put into
animals / . ) aluminum
5. n. a shiny metal that is strong and light
Building dams can have harmful effects on plants and animals that live in the
water. 6. n. a flat piece of material used as part of a larger object, such as
6. ( bringing / for themselves, / have found ways to / many dramatic changes / People a wall
/ make electricity / to our lives / . )
7. v. to provide the energy or strength to do something

8. n. knowledge or understanding about a subject or issue

More Reading Comprehension B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. If something is true, then it is likely to be true.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
a. mainly b. probably c. hardly

2. An electric is a long, thin fish that can make electricity.

Using nuclear power is another way to create steam.
a. eel b. shark c. dolphin
Fossil fuels can be burned to create steam, which is then used to operate generators. (1)
3. You when you move from one place to another.
This is the most common method of operating generators. (2) Unfortunately, burning a. generate b. stay c. travel
fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon into the air, so it pollutes our environment. (3)
4. If you something, then you release it into the environment.
Nuclear reactions create lots of heat, which is then used to make steam. (4)
a. hold onto b. take back c. give off

20 Lesson 10 • Eel Power! 21

 Science

Sentence Practice 11
Ele
c tr i c i t y
The Future of Driving

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( about 183 centimeters / a Christmas tree / It’s / that is / tall / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

rechargeable cost research atmosphere

2. ( an electrical socket / more power / in your home / than / That’s / . )
emission engine impact average

3. ( and ponds / Electric eels / of South America / in the streams / live mainly / . ) Word Definition
1. n. the layer of air that surrounds the earth

4. ( about 6,000 / have / like batteries / special cells / Electric eels / that store 2. n. a gas or other substance released into the air
power / . )
3. n. the amount of money needed to pay for something

4. n. study of something in order to find information

5. ( the amount / They can control / they give off / of electricity / . )
5. adj. ordinary or normal, not special

6. n. the part of a machine that provides power

6. ( to be more aware of / Electric eels / the environment / can teach us / . )
7. adj. able to be refilled with electricity or energy

8. n. a powerful effect that one thing has on another

More Reading Comprehension B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. When you something, you provide it with more energy.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
a. remember b. reprint c. refuel

2. A is place that provides energy for electric cars.

The aluminum panels absorb that electricity.
a. train station b. gasoline station c. charging station
The power of the electric eel is captured with a specially designed water tank. (1) There
3. A device that holds and supplies electricity is called a .
are two aluminum panels inside the tank, which make it act like a battery. (2) The electric a. battery b. vessel c. tank
eel gives off electricity every time it moves. (3) The electricity then travels from the
4. If something happens , then it does not happen in a clear or straight way.
aluminum panels to the lights on the Christmas tree. (4)
a. falsely b. indirectly c. depending

22 Lesson 11 • The Future of Driving 23

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12 Student Switch Off

s
Sentence Practice Ele
c tr i c i t y

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( five minutes / It / less than / the empty tank / takes / to fill / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

residence hall campaign appliance planet

2. ( driven / any emissions / don’t release / Electric cars / when / . )
upload participate remarkable competition

3. ( can go / electric cars / Gasoline-powered cars / much faster / than / . ) Word Definition
1. n. an effort to achieve a specific result

4. ( burning / created by / They / use electricity / fossil fuels / that is often / . ) 2. n. a building at a university where students live

3. v. to take part in an activity

5. ( the burning of / cars’ engines / fossil fuels / Gasoline-powered / produced by / 4. n. a machine that is used in the home
use energy / . )
5. n. a contest in which people or groups try to win something

6. v. to move something onto a computer or website

6. ( about 90% less / a gasoline-powered car / costs / means that / driving an
7. adj. amazing or better than expected
electric car / than driving / This / . )
8. n. a large, round object that moves around a star

More Reading Comprehension

B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below. 1. The is the amount that something is used.
a. usage b. average c. reuse
For these reasons, people have been trying to find
2. When you use “ ,” you mean “at the present time.”
better forms of energy to power their cars.
a. forever b. currently c. before
Today, most cars use energy made by burning fossil fuels, like gasoline. (1) But there are
3. You use “ ” when you talk about a situation in general.
many problems with fossil fuels, including high prices and air pollution. (2) One of the a. shortly b. next c. overall
alternatives to today’s gasoline-powered cars is the electric car. (3) Let’s take a look at
4. A(n) is something that you tend to do.
some of the differences between electric cars and gasoline-powered cars. (4)
a. habit b. benefit
benefit c. example

24 Lesson 12 • Student Switch Off 25

 History

Sentence Practice 13
Plastic
The History of Plastic

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( can be reduced / changing / Energy use / simply by / small habits / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

substitute flexible transparent leak

2. ( aims / fun / Overall, / saving energy / Student Switch Off / to make / . )
prize toxic mold offer

3. ( its message / It / social networking sites / used / to spread / . ) Word Definition

1. v. to go out through a hole in something

4. ( and help / example / follow / protect the planet / this campaign’s / Why don’t 2. v. to give someone the chance to take or have something
you / ? )
3. adj. containing a poisonous or dangerous substance

4. n. an award given for winning a competition

5. ( saving electricity / students / can / funny pictures / upload / about / . )
5. v. to make a material into a specific shape

6. n. something that can be used in place of something else

6. ( It / and raise awareness / used / its message / to spread / social networking
7. adj. clear, able to be seen through
sites / . )
8. adj. able to be bent easily

More Reading Comprehension B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. When you something, you show it for the first time.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
a. introduce b. produce c. debate

2. A is an object that is made to be sold.

It asks them to turn off lights and appliances when they are not needed.
a. natural b. material c. product
This campaign encourages students who live in the school’s residence halls to save energy.
3. If something is made of a certain material, then it includes only that material.
(1) It also suggests putting on a sweater instead of turning up the heat when it’s cold. (2) a. freely b. various c. entirely
Another tip for students is to put a lid on pans when cooking. (3) During the campaign’s
4. If you , then you do not succeed at something or cannot do it.
first year, energy use in residence halls was reduced by an average of more than 10%. (4)
a. pass b. fail c. compete

26 Lesson 13 • The History of Plastic 27

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14 Solutions to the Plastic Problem

s
Sentence Practice Plastic

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( for common use / to produce / Parkesine / too expensive / was / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

recycle float rust reuse

2. ( inexpensive, and / its shape / was / it kept / Bakelite / when heated / . )
punch disposable convenient vehicle

3. ( true plastic / artificial materials, / Made entirely of / the first / it was / . ) Word Definition
1. adj. able to be done easily

4. ( and it held / be molded, / when cooled / it could / its shape / Once heated, / . ) 2. v. [iron] to become covered in a reddish substance

3. v. to use something again

5. ( from shopping bags / plastic is used / Today, / in almost everything, / to cars / . ) 4. adj. made to be thrown away after only one use

5. v. to create something new from something that has been used

6. ( and toxic chemicals / breaks down slowly, / Plastic waste / can leak from it / . ) 6. v. to stay or move on the surface of a liquid

7. n. a machine used to move and carry people or things

8. v. to make small holes in something

More Reading Comprehension

B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
1. A is a small, hard block of clay used for building.
a. metal b. wood c. brick
In 1866, John Wesley Hyatt created celluloid while trying to win the prize.
2. If you an idea, then you think of it.
In the 19th century, billiards was so popular that a lot of elephants were being killed for a. take out of b. come up with c. put inside of
their ivory, which was used to make billiard balls. (1) So, people tried to find a substitute.
3. When the surface of the earth shakes, this is called a(n) .
(2) A U.S. billiard ball company offered a prize of $10,000 to the person who could design a. flflood
ood b. volcano c. earthquake
the best substitute for natural ivory. (3) Although he failed to win, Celluloid was later used
4. If something a particular amount, that is how heavy it is.
to make many products, including false teeth, piano keys, and ping pong balls. (4)
a. weighs b. compares c. costs

28 Lesson 14 • Solutions to the Plastic Problem 29

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15 Toy of the Century

s
Sentence Practice Plastic

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( are made / convenient, / life / many disposable products / To make / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

carpenter arrange satisfied durable

2. ( and containers / Fifty tons of / to make it / plastic bottles / were used / . )
achieve ideal theme complicated

3. ( 44 tons / that it can hold / and vehicles / It is / so strong / of people / . ) Word Definition
1. adj. difficult to understand or deal with

4. ( a bridge / is / Another / recycled plastic / amazing example of / in Scotland / . ) 2. n. a worker who makes things out of wood

3. v. to move things into specific locations

5. ( are designed / earthquakes and typhoons / to survive / The plastic bricks / . ) 4. adj. able to stay strong and last for a long time

5. n. a specific subject or idea

6. ( are floating in / millions of tons of plastic / and polluting the ocean / people aware 6. v. to reach something through hard work
that / to make / The purpose of the journey / was / . )
7. adj. perfect; exactly right for a situation
The purpose of the journey was to make people aware that millions of tons of
plastic are floating in and polluting the ocean. 8. adj. feeling happy with something that has been done

More Reading Comprehension

B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
1. If you have about something, then you are not sure that it is true.
a. doubt b. mix c. belief
Or you can cut a bottle in half and use it as a hand shovel.
2. When you something, you officially accept it.
Next time, before you throw away something plastic, see if it can be recycled, or think a. film
film b. destroy c. recognize
of a creative way to reuse it. (1) It doesn’t necessarily have to be a big creation like the
3. Something is if there are no other things like it.
examples above. (2) There are many simple, useful things you can do. (3) For example, a. unique b. ordinary c. fast
you can punch little holes in the bottom of a plastic bottle and use it to water plants. (4)
4. You by doing something in a newer and better way.
Why don’t you try to come up with some creative ideas of your own?
a. search b. innovate c. remain

30 Lesson 15 • Toy of the Century 31

 Science

Sentence Practice 16
Plastic
Benefits of Plastic

C Unscramble the sentences. Vocabulary Practice

1. ( from / product lines / Some / themes / popular movies / use / . )

A Choose the correct words for the definitions.

medical sanitize eyesight scratch

2. ( a kids’ toy / become / did / How / so successful / ? )
joint advantage grocery combination

3. ( how / their unique / were invented / This is / plastic bricks / . ) Word Definition
1. v. to make a small line or cut on the surface of something

4. ( its toy was / is that / until / just right / The first / the company / wasn’t satisfied / . ) 2. n. a good or useful feature of something

3. n. a place in the body where two bones connect

5. ( for years to come / children around the world / LEGO toys / There’s little doubt that 4. adj. related to medicine or treating health problems
/ to love / will continue / . )
5. n. food bought from a store or supermarket

6. n. the process of bringing two or more things brought together

6. ( even when / LEGO searched for / make parts that / moved to / a way to / somewhere
7. n. the ability to see
else / would stick together / . )
8. v. to make something clean and safe to use
LEGO searched for a way to make parts that would stick together even when
moved somewhere else.

More Reading Comprehension B Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. If something is , then it is big and important.
D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.
a. artificial b. significant c. terrible

The LEGO Group’s vision was to make toys that 2. A(n) is a chance that something bad might happen.
let children learn through playing. a. goal b. risk c. opportunity

The second reason for LEGO’s success is the toy itself. (1) And their unique bricks allowed 3. Things if they are present.

them to achieve their vision. (2) The design of these simple, durable, colorful bricks a. exist b. repeat c. pretend

is ideal for a child’s toy. (3) It allows kids to create nearly anything imaginable. (4) It is 4. If you do something , then you do it the right way.
possible to arrange six bricks in 915,103,765 different ways! a. tightly b. quickly c. properly

32 Lesson 16 • Benefits of Plastic 33

 Sentence Practice
Memo
C Unscramble the sentences.
1. ( were made / In the past, / most / of metal / artificial joints / . )

2. ( boil / Hospitals / medical tools / used to / to sanitize them / . )

3. ( artificial joints / to make / medical use of / plastic / Another / is / . )

4. ( also plays / an important role / Did you know / in the medical industry / that
plastic / ? )
Did you know that plastic also plays an important role in the medical industry?

5. ( be easily formed / into any shape / weighing less / Plastic has / the advantages
of / and being able to / . )

6. ( many joints / Today, / and plastic parts / are made / from a combination / of metal
/.)

More Reading Comprehension

D Choose the correct number for the sentence below.

Instead, plastic is used. Plastic eyeglass lenses are lighter, thinner,

less likely to break and harder to scratch.

Finally, how’s your eyesight? (1) If you wear glasses or contact lenses, you can thank
plastic for giving you good eyesight. (2) Today, actual glass isn’t used to make eyeglass
lenses anymore. (3) And contact lenses are made of plastic, too. (4)

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