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    Application Note: Substation Automation and Protection Division

    Uploaded by

    JAY PARIKH
    The document provides instructions for calculating settings for a Circuit-Shield Type 32R relay to provide loss-of-field protection for a small generator. It gives the calculation procedure for determining the minimum VAR flow upon loss of excitation based on the generator's synchronous reactance and rating. Using example parameters for a 2000KVA, 4.8KV generator, it calculates the minimum VAR flow, current into the relay terminals, voltage at the relay terminals, and single-phase VARs measured by the relay. It then recommends setting the relay pickup dial to 50% of the calculated VARs and a time delay setting of 1 second for loss of field protection.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Application Note: Substation Automation and Protection Division

    Uploaded by

    JAY PARIKH
    53 views2 pages
    The document provides instructions for calculating settings for a Circuit-Shield Type 32R relay to provide loss-of-field protection for a small generator. It gives the calculation procedure for determining the minimum VAR flow upon loss of excitation based on the generator's synchronous reactance and rating. Using example parameters for a 2000KVA, 4.8KV generator, it calculates the minimum VAR flow, current into the relay terminals, voltage at the relay terminals, and single-phase VARs measured by the relay. It then recommends setting the relay pickup dial to 50% of the calculated VARs and a time delay setting of 1 second for loss of field protection.

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    Original Title

    40 Calculations

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    The document provides instructions for calculating settings for a Circuit-Shield Type 32R relay to provide loss-of-field protection for a small generator. It gives the calculation procedure for determining the minimum VAR flow upon loss of excitation based on the generator's synchronous reactance and rating. Using example parameters for a 2000KVA, 4.8KV generator, it calculates the minimum VAR flow, current into the relay terminals, voltage at the relay terminals, and single-phase VARs measured by the relay. It then recommends setting the relay pickup dial to 50% of the calculated VARs and a time delay setting of 1 second for loss of field protection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    53 views2 pages

    Application Note: Substation Automation and Protection Division

    Uploaded by

    JAY PARIKH
    The document provides instructions for calculating settings for a Circuit-Shield Type 32R relay to provide loss-of-field protection for a small generator. It gives the calculation procedure for determining the minimum VAR flow upon loss of excitation based on the generator's synchronous reactance and rating. Using example parameters for a 2000KVA, 4.8KV generator, it calculates the minimum VAR flow, current into the relay terminals, voltage at the relay terminals, and single-phase VARs measured by the relay. It then recommends setting the relay pickup dial to 50% of the calculated VARs and a time delay setting of 1 second for loss of field protection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Circuit-Shield Type 32R

    ABB Application Note


    AN-82D-01

    Substation Automation and Protection Division

    Calculation of Settings for Loss-of-Field Protection Using the Circuit-Shield TM Type


    32R Relay, Catalog Series 437W and 437G

    Introduction
    A single-phase Type-32R Reverse Power Relay is frequently applied as a Loss-of-Field Relay in small
    generator applications. The relay is connected in such a way so that it measures Reverse VARS. This is
    more economical compared to applying the more sophisticated impedance measuring relay, Type 40.

    Upon loss-of-field, a synchronous generator will run as an induction machine, taking significant VARS
    from the system. Under this operating condition the rotor will overheat, and if the var deficiency can not
    be supplied by other generators on the system, instability and loss of synchronism can result.

    The calculations given below are based upon the use of a Catalog Series 437W or 437G relay. The
    appropriate connections for Reverse Var Detection are given in Figure 4, page 9 of Instruction Book
    7.8.1.7-1 Issue C. When the Type 32R relay is connected as shown, it will measure single-phase VARS
    per the formula SPHVARS = V9-10 * I1-2 * cos A, where the subscripts refer to the input terminals of the
    relay, and A is the angle between the current and voltage. Then, the front panel pickup setting which is
    labelled as Watts, will actually be VARS in this application.

    Calculation

    The minimum VAR flow into the terminals of the generator upon complete loss of excitation is based on
    the Synchronous Reactance of the machine, Xd . The actual VAR flow will be equal or greater than the
    VARS calculated from Xd depending on the loading of the machine just prior to the loss of excitation.

    The following parameters are required to do the settings calculation:


    Synchronous Reactance, Xd in percent.
    Generator KVA Rating, KVA CT Ratio, CTR
    Generator Voltage Rating, KV VT Ratio, VTR

    For our example, we will use:


    Xd = 180 % KVA = 2000 KV = 4.8 CTR = 300:5 = 60:1 VTR = 40:1

    The required calculation is shown below in bold type, with the results for our sample problem given in
    standard typeface.

    Calculation Procedure and Sample Problem:

    a) Minimum 3 phase VAR flow = KVA / (X d/100) = 2000/(180/100) = 1110 KVAR

    b) Current into Relay Terminals 1-2 at Minimum 3ph VAR Flow =


    KVAR / (1.732 * KV * CTR) = 1110 / (1.732 * 4.8 * 60) = 2.22 amps

    c) Voltage at Relay Terminals 9-10 at Nominal System Voltage =


    KV * 1000 / VTR = 4.8 * 1000 / 40 = 120 volts

    d) Single-phase VARS measured by the relay = I1-2 * V9-10 * Cos A


    Calculation of Settings for Loss-of-Field Protection Using the Circuit-ShieldTM Type 32R Relay, Catalog Series 437W and 437G
    AN-82D-01

    A is 90 degrees for this application, so Cos A = 1.0

    SPVARS = 2.22 amps * 120 volts = 266 vars at nominal system voltage.

    e) Relay pickup dial setting:

    Set the dial of the Type 32R to 50% of the value calculated in Step d).

    Dial Setting = 266 * 0.5 = 133 watts.

    More sensitive settings are commonly used based on availability of ranges on the
    Type 32R, and the user's past practice; and then will provide operation on both
    underexcitation and complete loss of field.

    f) Relay time delay setting:

    A setting of 1 second would be appropriate for loss of excitation protection.

    Contributed by:
    Cliff Downs
    Revision 0, 2/19/01

    ABB, Inc.
    7036 Snowdrift Road
    Allentown, PA 18106
    800-634-6005 Fax 610-395-1055
    Email: powerful.ideas@us.abb.com
    Web: www.abb.com/substationautomation

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