Heating and Cooling Curve Question Packet modified Name

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Thermochemistry Period ………….

SKILLS
1. Applying the heat equation when the 3. Calculating heat during PHASE CHANGES
TEMPERATURE CHANGES 4. Interpreting HEATING/COOLING CURVES
2. Understanding ENDOTHERMIC/EXOTHERMIC
CHANGES

SKILL #1: Applying the heat equation when the TEMPERATURE CHANGES - refer to your notes &
chapter 1 Welcherr

1. How much energy must be absorbed by 4. How many joules are absorbed when
20.0 g of water to increase its 50.0 g of water are heated from 30.2 ºC
temperature from 283.0 ºC to 303.0ºC? to 58.6 ºC?

5. How many joules of heat are released

2. How much heat is absorbed when 100. g when 50. grams of water are cooled from
of water is heated from 50.0ºC to 100.ºC? 70.0 °C to 60.0 °C?

6. A 75.0-gram sample of water vapor is cooled

from 150. ºC to 105 ºC. Determine the
3. When 15.0 grams of ammonia is heated amount of heat removed from the sample
from 25.0 ºC to 45.0 ºC, how much during this time.
energy is absorbed? The specific heat
capacity for ammonia is 4.71 J/g  ºC.

7. When 15.0 g of steam drops in temperature

from 275 ºC to 250 ºC, how much heat
energy is released?

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 12. The temperature of a sample of water
changes from 10. °C to 20. °C when the
water absorbs 420 joules of heat. What is the
mass of the sample?

8. If it takes 41.72 joules to heat a piece of gold

with a mass of 18.69 g from 10. ºC to 27 ºC,
what is the specific heat of the gold?

13. A sample of water is heated from 35° C to

45° C with 1,600 joules. What is the mass of
the sample?

9. Find the specific heat of copper if it takes 849

J of energy to change the temperature of
95.4g of copper from 25° C to 48° C.

14. If 720.0 g of steam at 400. ºC absorbs 800. kJ

of heat energy, what will be its increase in
temperature?

10. What is the specific heat of silver if 0.024 kJ of

energy is required to change a 15-gram
sample of silver from 22° C to 32° C?

15. What would be the temperature change if

15 g of water absorbed 75 J of heat?

11. A certain mass of water was heated with

41,840 J, raising its temperature from 22 ºC to
28.5 ºC. Find the mass of the water.
16. If 20. grams of water vapor is cooled by
removing 45 J of heat, what is its
temperature change?

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17. A 36-gram sample of water has an initial 19. An 18-gram sample of water has a
temperature of 22°C. What is the final temperature of 16°C after it has absorbed
temperature of the sample after it 527 joules of heat energy. What was the
absorbs1200 joules of heat energy? initial temperature of the sample?

20. A 115-gram sample of water has a

18. A 15-gram sample of water has an initial temperature of 60.°C after it has absorbed
temperature of 25°C. What is the final 1,923 joules of heat energy. What was the
temperature of the sample after it loses 125 initial temperature of the sample?
joules of heat energy?

21. A student performed an experiment to determine the total amount of energy stored in a peanut. The
accepted value for the energy content of a peanut is 30.2 kilojoules per gram. The student measured
100.0 grams of water into a metal can and placed the can on a ring stand, as shown in the diagram
below. The peanut was attached to a wire suspended under the can. The initial temperature of the
water was recorded as 22.0°C. The peanut was ignited and allowed to burn. When the peanut
finished burning, the final water temperature was recorded as 57.0°C. The student’s experimental
value for the energy content of this peanut was 25.9 kilojoules per gram.

(a) Calculate the total amount of heat absorbed by the water. Your
response must include both a correct numerical setup and the
calculated result.

(b) Determine the student’s percent error for the energy content of this
peanut.

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 SKILL #2: understanding ENDOTHERMIC/EXOTHERMIC CHANGES - refer to your notes & Welcher

22. Under each arrow, write “endothermic” or “exothermic” to indicate if the change releases or
absorbs heat. Also, write in “energy” on the correct side of the arrow.
a. Model b.Model
Au(l)  Au(s) + Energy Energy + NaCl(s)  NaCl(l)
Exothermic Endothermic

c. d.
NaCl(s)  NaCl(l) C2H3O2(g)  C2H3O2(l)

e. f.
C6H6(l)  C6H6(g) CO2(s)  CO2(g)

]
23. Which phase change results in the release of
energy?
28. Given the balanced equation:

24. Given the balanced equation representing

a reaction:
Cu + S  CuS + energy
Which statement explains why the energy
term is written to the right of the arrow?
(1) The compound CuS is composed of two
29. Systems in nature tend to undergo changes
metals.
toward
(2) The compound CuS is composed of two
(1) lower energy and lower entropy
nonmetals.
(2) lower energy and higher entropy
(3) Energy is absorbed as the bonds in CuS
(3) higher energy and lower entropy
form.
(4) higher energy and higher entropy
(4) Energy is released as the bonds in CuS
form.
30. Even though the process is endothermic,
25. Which change is exothermic?
snow can sublime. Which tendency in nature
(1) freezing of water
accounts for this phase change?
(2) melting of iron
(1) a tendency toward greater entropy
(3) vaporization of ethanol
(2) a tendency toward greater energy
(4) sublimation of iodine
(3) a tendency toward less entropy
(4) a tendency toward less energy
26. An iron bar at 325 K is placed in a sample of
water. The iron bar gains energy from the
31. Which transfer of energy occurs when ice
water if the temperature of the water is
cubes are placed in water that has a
(1) 65 K (3) 65°C
temperature of 45°C?
(2) 45 K (4) 45°C
(1) Chemical energy is transferred from the
ice to the water.
(2) Chemical energy is transferred from the
water to the ice.
27. Which physical changes are endothermic?
(3) Thermal energy is transferred from the ice
(1) melting and freezing
to the water.
(2) melting and evaporating
(4) Thermal energy is transferred from the
(3) condensation and sublimation
water to the ice.
(4) condensation and deposition
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SKILL #3: Calculating heat during PHASE CHANGES - refer to your notes & Welcher

32. At a pressure of 101.3 kilopascals and a

temperature of 373 K, heat is removed from
a sample of water vapor, causing the
sample to change from the gaseous phase
to the liquid phase. This phase change is
represented by the equation below.
H2O(g) → H2O(l) + heat
Determine the total amount of heat released
by 5.00 grams of water vapor during this
phase change.

35. How many joules are required to melt 225 g

of ice at 0° C?

33. How many joules does it take to vaporize

423g of water at 100 °C?

36. In which equation does the term "heat"

represent heat of fusion?
(1) NaCl(s) + heat NaCl(l)
(2) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) 
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + heat
(3) H2O(l) + heat  H2O(g)
(4) H2O(l) + HCl(g) 
H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + heat
34. How many kilojoules of heat must be
removed to freeze 35.0 g of water at 0 °C?

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SKILL #4: Interpreting HEATING/COOLING CURVES - refer to your notes & Welcher

37. Refer to the graph below, which shows a cooling curve for a substance in a gaseous phase that was cooled
during a 24-minute period. The substance gave off heat at a constant rate of 40 J/min during the entire time.
The 24-minute period has been divided into five time intervals, labeled I, II, III, IV, and V.

(a) What is the boiling point of the substance? _______

(b) In which interval or intervals are there two phases

present?
_______________________________

(c) During which interval or intervals is all of the substance a

gas?
_______________________

(d) During interval IV, what happens to the kinetic energy of

the molecules in the substance?

(e) During interval IV, what happens to the potential energy of the molecules in the substance?

(f) What is the heat of vaporization for the substance?

(g) )What is the heat of fusion for the substance?

(h) Why is the heat of vaporization always bigger than the heat of fusion?

38. A 100.0-gram sample of NaCl(s) has an initial temperature of 0°C. A chemist measures the
temperature of the sample as it is heated. Heat is not added at a constant rate. The heating curve
for the sample is shown below.

(a) Determine the temperature range over which the entire NaCl
sample is a liquid.

(b) Identify one line segment on the curve where the average
kinetic energy of the particles of the NaCl sample is changing.

(c) )Identify one line segment on the curve where the NaCl sample
is in a single phase and capable of conducting electricity.

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39. Base your answers to the following questions on the heating curve and cooling curve below.
Heating Curve for Substance 1 Cooling Curve for Substance 2

Heating Curve Cooling Curve

a. What is the boiling point of the substance? 120. ºC 110 ºC

b. What is the freezing point of the substance? 70. ºC 50 ºC

c. What is the melting point of the substance? 70. ºC 50 ºC

d. At what temperature do the solid and liquid 70. ºC 50 ºC

phases exist at equilibrium?
e. During which segments does the kinetic energy 0 to 2 min A to B
of the substance change? 4 to 7 min C to D
11 to 12 min E to F
(KE increases – temp. ↑) (KE decreases – temp.)
f. During which segments does the kinetic energy of 2 to 4 min B to C
the substance remain the same? 7 to 11 min D to E
g. During which segments does the potential 2 to 4 min B to C
energy of the substance change? 7 to 11 min D to E
(PE increases – space (PE decreases – space
btwn particles ↑) btwn particles )
h. During which segments does the potential energy 0 to 2 min A to B
of the substance remain the same? 4 to 7 min C to D
11 to 12 min E to F
i. During which segment does the substance exist 11 to 12 min A to B
only as a gas?
j. During which segment does the substance exist 0 to 2 min E to F
only as a solid?
k. During which segment does the substance exist 4 to 7 min C to D
only in the liquid phase?

l. Calculate the heat of fusion for Substance 1. Heat was added at a constant rate of 35 J/min.

m. Calculate the heat of vaporization for Substance 2. Heat was removed at a constant rate of 50
J/min.

n. How do both the heating curve and cooling curve above illustrate that the heat of vaporization is
greater than the heat of fusion? [1]
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40. The graph below shows a compound being cooled at a constant rate starting in the liquid phase at
75°C and ending at 15°C.

(a) What is the freezing point of the compound, in

degrees Celsius?
_________

(b) State what is happening to the average kinetic

energy of the particles of the sample between
minute 2 and minute 6. [1]

(c) A different experiment was conducted with

another sample of the same compound starting
in the solid phase. The sample was heated at a
constant rate from 15°C to 75°C. On the graph
to the left, draw the resulting heating curve.

41. A hot pack contains chemicals that can be activated to produce heat. A cold pack contains
chemicals that feel cold when activated.

(a) Based on energy flow, state the type of chemical change that occurs in a hot pack.

(b) A cold pack is placed on an injured leg. Indicate the direction of the flow of energy between the
leg and the cold

(c) What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? Describe how the Law of Conservation of Energy
applies to the chemical reaction that occurs in the hot pack.