Mechatronics Assignment (2019 – 2020)

Basics of Sensors and Actuators

Q1. For a copper-constantan thermocouple, the junction potential (E in µV) at 100°C is given by
E = 38.74 𝜃 + 3.3 X 10−2 𝜃 2 + 2.07 X 10−4 𝜃 3 - 2.2 X 10−6 𝜃 4. The sensitivity of thermocouple at 100°C is approximately
(a) 45.35 µV/°C (b) 42.75 µV/°C (c) 38.74 µV/°C (d) 0.06 µV/°C
Q2. A thermocouple is used to measure the temperature in the range of (0°C to 300°C). Ideally, the voltages generated
by thermocouple at 0°C and 300°C is given by 0V and 15mV. If the voltage measured at 100°C is 6mV, then find the %
non-linear error at 100°C in true value.
(a) 0 (b) 40 (c) 20 (d) 30
Q3. Which of the following statements are true.
Statement 1:- Transducer is a device, which converts one of energy into other form of energy
Statement2:- Sensor is a device, which is used in feedback of mechatronics device and it accepts the current from
controller.
Statement3:- Actuator is generally cascaded with controller and receives the control signal (control) from controller.
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) Only 1 & 3 (d) none of these.
Q4. A force sensor is developed by connecting two sensors as shown in the figure. The sensitivities and resolution of
both the sensors are mentioned below

Primary Sensor Secondary Sensor

2𝑐𝑚 1𝑉
F Sensitivity = 𝑁 x Sensitivity = 𝑐𝑚 𝑉0
4.75N Resolution = 0.5N Resolution = 0.25cm

Find the output voltage 𝑉0 , when the applied force is 4.75N

(a) 4.74V (b) 4.5V (c) 9V (d) 9.5V
Q5. Match the following
LIST I LIST II
a. Resolution p .the deviation between reading on linear curve and measured
curve at a particular input
b. Non Linear Error q. The degree of closeness to the true valve
c. Accuracy r. the ratio of output change to input change
d. Sensitivity s. The minimum input change that should be given to sensor,
such that sensor produces change in output.

(a) a-p, b-q, c-r, d-s (b) a-s, b-p, c-q, d-r
(c) a-p, b-s, c-q, d-r (d) a-s, b-p, c-r, d-q

Q6. Statement1: Signal conditioning circuits consists of amplifier, filters etc..

Statement2: Signal conditioning circuit shapes the output of sensor, such that it can be processed further easily.
a) Both statements are individually true and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1
b) Both statements are individually true but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1
c) Statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false
d) Statement 1 is false but statement 2 is true

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Q7. Which of the following electronic device does not allow or resist specified input to output side.
a) Amplifier b) Attenuator c) Filter d) None of the above.
Q8. A pressure sensor converts the pressure into standard current. The following table was obtained during the working
of pressure sensor. Find the following.
Input[pressure] 3 psi 6 psi 9 psi 12 psi 15 psi
Output [current] 4 mA 8.25 mA 13.5 mA 16.25 mA 20 mA
i) The sensitivity of the sensor.. 1.33 mA/Psi
ii) The input pressure at which the sensor produces maximum non-linear error. 9Psi
a) 1.33 mA/psi, 9psi b) 2.33 mA/psi, 10psi c) 1.43 mA/psi, 4psi d) 1.35 mA/psi, 9psi
Q9. Statement I : To use a sensor, we generally need to add signal conditioning circuitry, such as circuits which amplify
and signal processing circuit to convert from analog to digital, to get the sensor signal in the right form, take account of
any non-linearities, and calibrate it.
Statement II: A smart sensor is integrated with the required buffering and conditioning circuitry in a single element and
provides functions beyond that of just a sensor. (2019)
a) Both statements are individually true and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1
b) Both statements are individually true but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1
c) Statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false
d) Statement 1 is false but statement 2 is true
Q10. Consider the following statements: (2019)
1. The term ‘attenuation’ is used to describe the process of removing a certain band of frequencies from a signal and
permitting others to be transmitted.
2. The wheatstone bridge can be used to convert a voltage change to an electrical resistance change.
Which of the above statement is / are correct?
a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) neither 1 nor 2
Q11. A pressure sensor is capable to convert the input pressure of range of (0 MPa – 100 MPa) has a
sensitivity of 2 mV/1 MPa and generates 200mV in 200 steps, then the input resolution in MPa is
a) 1 b) 0.5 c) 0.75 d) 2
Q12. Which of the following statements is true about sensors?
1. Sensitivity of linear sensors is always constant
2. If the magnitude of resolution of the sensor is high, then its characteristics seems to be non-linear.
3. Ideally, the sensitivity of the sensor and magnitude of the resolution of sensor both should be high.
a) only 1 and 2 b) only 2 and 3 c) only 1 d) only 2
Strain Gauge
Q13. Which of the following statements are true about strain gauge.
Statement1:- Strain gauge is used to measure Torque and acceleration
Statement2:- Semiconductor Strain gauges has low gauge factor compared to metallic gauges.
Statement3:- Sensitivity of metallic strain gauge is very high.
(a)Only 3 (b) only 1 (c) Only 2 (d) None of the above
𝑁
Q14. A metallic strain gauge which has a diameter of 2 cm, Young’s Modulus of 2 X 108 𝑚2, Gauge factor of 3.14 is
subjected to axial loud of 100N. Then find the change in resistance of the gauge, if the initial resistance is 100Ω.

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(a) 0.25 Ω (b) 0.5 Ω (c) 0.75 Ω (d) 0.35 Ω
Q15. The schematic of weight measurement, by using strain gauge is as shown below. Find the change in current, if the
gauge is subjected to Weight “W” of 10N.

Gauge Specification

Gauge factor = 3.14

Diameter = 2cm
𝑁
Young’s Modulus = 2 X 108 𝑚2

Initial Resistance, 𝑅0 = 100 Ω

(a) -1 mA (b) -0.5 mA (c) -1.5 mA (d) -2.5 x 10−6 A

Q16. For a strain gauge (gauge factor = 2.1 and resistance = 50 Ω), subjected to a maximum strain of 0.001, the
maximum change in resistance is (2018)
a) 0.084 Ω b) 0.105 Ω c) 0.135 Ω d) 0.156 Ω
Q17. A strain gauge which is attached to a specimen has a length of 20 cm is subjected to tensile force. The nominal
resistance of the strain gauge is 10 Ω at unstrained condition. The change in the resistance and elongation in the gauge
are given as 0.35 Ω and 0.2 mm resp. Then the Gauge factor of Strain gauge is ______ 3.5 (IN 2007)
a) 3.5 b) 3.0 c) 4.5 d) 4.0
Q18. A P-type semiconductor strain gauge has a nominal resistance of 1000 Ω and gauge factor of + 200 at 25 ᵒC. The
change in resistance of Strain gauge, when it is subjected to a Strain of 10−4 𝑚/𝑚 is ______ Ω. (IN 2015)
a) 20 b) 19 c) 30 d) 29
Potentiometer
Q19. A potentiometer, resistive based sensor has a total resistance of 8K Ω and a maximum displacement of 5cm.
Determine the output voltage for 2cm displacement. Given that the supply voltage is 20V. Find sensitivity of sensor also.

(a) 4 V, 4V/cm (b) 8 V, 4 V/cm (c) 12 V, 8V/cm (d) 10 V, 4V/cm

Q20. A potentiometer, which is used to measure the rotational position of the shaft has 850 turns of wire. The input
range is 0° to 180°. If the output span is (0V-12V); then the resolution of the potentiometer is ______ Degree

(a) 0.31 (b) 0.11 (c) 0.21176 (d) 0.411

Q21. Potentiometer is

(a) Electro Mechanical Device (b) Position Sensor (c) Resistive Sensor (d) All of the above.

Q22. A potentiometer of sensitivity 2 mV/µm is cascaded with an amplifier of gain 1000. Find the output voltage of
amplifier. When the potentiometer is used to measure displacement of 5 µm.
a) 4V b) 1V c) 20V d) 10V
Q23. Consider the following statements regarding electromechanical devices:
1. A potentiometer has an input of rotation and an output of a potential difference.
2. An electric motor has an input of a potential difference and an output of rotation of a shaft
3. A generator has an input of rotation of a shaft and an output of a potential difference.
Which of the following statements are correct? (2018)
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a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
Stepper Motor
Q24. A stepper motor has a step angle of 1.8°. What number should be loaded into the encoder of its drive system if it is
desired to turn the shaft ten complete revolutions?

(a) 3000 (b) 4000 (c) 2000 (d) 1500

Q25. Calculate the step angle of a 4-phase, 6-Rotor teeth stepper motor. What is its resolution?

(a) 15°; 24 steps/rev (b) 16°; 25 steps/rev (c) 17°; 26 steps/rev (d) 14°; 23 steps/rev

Q26. A stepper motor has a step angle of 1.8° and is driven at 4000 pps. Determine (1) resolution (2) motor speed (3)
number of pulses required to rotate the shaft through 54°

(a) (1) 150steps/rev (2) 1000rpm (3) 30 (b) (1) 300steps/rev (2) 1200rpm (3) 30

(c) (1) 100steps/rev (2) 1100rpm (3)30 (d) (1) 200steps/rev (2) 1200rpm (3) 30

Q27. Calculate the pulse rate required to obtain a rotor speed of 2400 rpm for a stepper motor having a specification of
200 steps/rev.

(a) 8000 pps (b) 3900 pps (c) 4100 pps (d) 4500 pps
Q28. A stepper motor has a resolution of 500 steps/rev in the 1-phase-ON mode of operation. If it is operated in half-
step mode, determine (1) resolution (2) number of steps required to turn the rotor through 72°.
(a) (1) 2000 steps/rev (2) 200 (b) (1) 1000 steps/rev (2) 200
(c) (1) 3000 steps/rev (2) 300 (d) (1) 1500 steps/rev (2) 150
Q29. What is the required resolution for a stepper motor that is to operate at a pulse frequency of 6000 pps and a travel
180° in 0.025 s?
(a) 500 steps/rev (b) 300 steps/rev (c) 100 steps/rev (d) 200 steps/rev
Q30. A variable reluctance type stepper motor has 8 poles on the stator and 6 teeth on the rotor. The full step angle and
half step angle and resolution respectively of _____
a) 15, 7.5, 7.5 degrees b) 15, 8.5, 8.5 degrees c) 16, 7.5, 7.5 degrees d) 14, 6.5, 7.5 degrees
Q31. A stepper motor has a constant 130 steps per revolution. Find the input digital pulse rate that should be applied to
produce the shaft speed of 10.5 revolutions per sec. ______
a) 1365 pulses per sec b) 1365 pulses per sec c) 1365 pulses per sec d) 1365 pulses per sec
Q32. In the feed drive of a point to point open loop CNC drive, stepper motor rotating at constant speed, drives the
table through a gear box and screw nut mechanism (pitch = 5 mm) and G = 1/5 = Gear Ratio. If the stepper motor is
driven by a pulse generator of frequency 10,000 pulses/min, the constant of the stepper motor is 200 steps/revolutions.
Then table movement corresponding to 1 pulse of the pulse generator? 5µm (ME-2008)
a) 5µm b) 6µm c) 10µm d) 11µm

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Q33. A stepper motor is to be used to drive the linear axis of a certain mechatronics system. The motor output shaft is
connected to a screw thread with a 30 mm pitch. Linear resolution of 0.5 mm is stipulated. What is the needed step
angle? (2017)
a) 9ᵒ b) 8ᵒ c) 7ᵒ d) 6ᵒ
Q34. Consider the following statements regarding a stepper motor: (2017)
1. The rotation angle of the motor is proportional to the input pulse
2. The motor has full torque at standstill
3. Speed and electric control signal of the motor vary mutually linearly.
Which of the above statements are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
Q35. Which one of the following devices produces incremental motion through equal pulses>
a) AC servomotor b) DC servomotor c) Stepper motor d) Series motor
Q36. Which of the following phase sequence represents half step operation of a 4-phase 4/2 stepper motor.
a) A,B,C,D,A,………. b) A,C,B,A,D,……. C)AB,BC,CD,DA,……… d) A, AB, B, BC,……………………
Q37. The rotational speed of a given stepper motor depends on
a) Shaft load b) Step pulse Frequency c) Polarity of stator current d) None of the above
Hall Sensor
Q38. A Strip of copper 150µm thick is placed in a magnetic field B = 0.65 T perpendicular to the plane of the strip and a
current I = 23A is setup in the strip. What is the magnitude of Hall-Voltage developed, if the carrier density is 8.49 X 1028
electrons/𝑚3 , Charge of carrier = - 1.60 X 10−19 C .

(a) 7.3µV (b) 5.3 µV (c) 9.3 µV (d) none of these

Q39. Hall effect sensors are used in

(a) Flowmeter (b) Fuel level indicator

(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above

Q40. A measurement system for rotational speed of the shaft is as shown below. Shaft is attached to disc to which
magnetic pieces are attached as shown. If the pulse counter displayed 80 pulses per 1 sec, then the rpm is _________.

(a) 8000 rev/min

(b) 300 rev/min

(c) 600 rev/min

(d) 200 rev/min

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Q41. To measure the position of shaft, Hall sensor. Which is carrying the constant current is used as shown in the figure.
If four magnets are placed on rotating object which is attached to the shaft as shown. If the pulse counter shows three
(3) pulses then the position of the can be

(a) 0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 45°

(b) 180° ≤ 𝜃 < 270°

(c) 270° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°

(d) 90° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 180°

Q42. In the above problem, if stepper motor of

resolution 1.8° is used and if the stepper motor is
connected to a pulse generator of frequency 100 pulses/sec, then the number pulses detected by pulse counter just
after 1 sec is
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) None of these
Q43. When a beam of charged particles passes through a magnetic field, the beam is deflected from its straight line path
due to the forces acting on the particles. A current flowing in a conductor, like a beam, is deflected by magnetic field.
This effect is called as
(a) Photoelectric Effect (b) Piezo-electric effect
(c) Hall-effect (d) none of these
Q44. Hall sensor is used to measure the following
(a) Position of shaft (b) angular velocity
(c) Strength of Magnetic field (d) All the above.
Q45. In Hall- effect, the developed voltage is

a) Directly proportional to thickness of the sensor.

b) Inversely proportional to applied Current.
c) Directly proportional to applied Magnetic field.
d) None of the above.

Q46. For the liquid level measurement, hall sensor setup is used as shown below. The sensors carries a constant current
of 2 A. Perpendicular to the magnetic field. The magnetic field associated with the sensor changes with the liquid level as
(0.2 h + 0.1) Wb/𝑚2 . If the output voltage of the hall sensor is perpendicular to both applied Magnetic Field and current,
then find the change in the output voltage when the water level in the tank increased from 1m to 3m. Given that
thickness of the sensor = 100µm , Hall Co-efficient = 2 x 10−10
a) 1.6µV b) 1.6µV c) 1.6µV d) 1.6µV

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Q47. If B is the magnetic flux density at right angles to a plate, I is the current flow through the plate, t is the thickness of
the plate and 𝐾𝐻 is the Hall coefficient, the resultant transverse potential difference 𝑉𝐻 of Hall Sensor is given by

e) a) 𝐾𝐻 𝐵𝑡/𝐼 b) 𝐾𝐻 𝑡/𝐵𝐼 c) 𝐾𝐻 𝐵𝐼/𝑡 d) 𝐾𝐻 𝐼/𝐵𝑡

Piezoelectric Accelerometer
Q48. Which of the following statements are correct?
Statement1: Piezo-electric material can be used as sensors and it can also be used as actuator.
Statement2: Piezo-electric material is an elastic material
Statement3: Piezo-electric sensor is used for dynamic input measurements.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
Q49. Piezo-electric accelerometer requires the following:

(a) Low mass and stiff spring (b) heavy mass and stiff spring
(c) Low mass and low stiff spring (d) heavy mass and low stiff spring
Q50. Which of the following is true regarding piezo-electric accelerometer
Statement1: The amplitude of output voltage is directly proportional to the amplitude of input acceleration subjected to
it.
Statement2: For accurate acceleration measurement natural frequency of mass damper spring system (𝑤𝑛 ), should be
less than the frequency of input signal w.
Statement3: Piezo-electric accelerometer can be regarded as either a charge source (or) voltage source.
Statement4: Piezo-electric accelerometer is self-generating device. Which won’t require external power supply?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 4 (c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
Q51. Piezo-electric accelerometer is used to find

(a) Amplitude of vibration of vibrating structure (b) Acceleration of the vibrating structure
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of these
Q52. Piezo-electric accelerometer can measure amplitude of vibration if it has

(a) Heavy mass and stiff spring (b) Light mass and stiff spring
(c) Light mass and weak spring (d) heavy mass and weak spring
Q53. The mass of piezo-electric crystal is reduced by half an amount, spring stiffness is doubled than the natural
frequency

(a) Becomes double (b) Becomes half

(c) Does not change (d) none of these
Q54. Which one of the following statements is correct?
Seismic transducer working in the displacement mode should have (2017)
a) Weak springs and heavy mass c) weak springs and light mass
b) stiff springs and light mass d) stiff springs and heavy mass
Q55. A piezoelectric material which has Young’s modulus E = 9 1010 (𝑁/𝑚2 ) has a diameter of 10 mm under thickness of
2 mm. If the voltage sensitivity is 4500 V/ µm and the output voltage generated across the crystal is 127.3 V . Then the
applied load is _______ N. 100 (IN-2007)
a) 100 b) 200 c) 110 d)210

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 Optical Encoder
Q56. An optical encoder has 60 holes on the disc is used to measure the shaft speed, the inbuilt pulse counter indicates
120 pulses/sec. Then the shaft speed in R.P.M is

(a) 60 (b) 120 (c) 600 (d) 1200

Q57. Which of the following is not a part of an optical

(a) Photodiode (b) LED (c) optical microscope (d) Coded disk

Q58. If the absolute encoder has 8 tracks on the disc, the resolution of the encoder is

(a) 3.9° (b) 0.0039° (c) 2.5° (d) 1.40°

Q59. Which of the following statements is correct?

Statement1: Optical encoder generates digital output corresponding to the position of the shaft.
Statement2: Incremental encoders are more accurate than absolute encoders.
Statement3: Optical encoder are most widely used in feedback of servo mechanism.
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3

Q60. In a rotary optical encoder, diameter of coded disc is 60 mm and the encoder generates 5000 pulses per resolution,
then the resolution of the encoder in mm is
a) 0.004 b) 0.04 c) 0.4 d) 400
Q61. A shaft encoder which is attached to a wheel has a sensitivity of 500 pulses / rev. A digit pulse counter connected
to the encoder indicates 5500 pulses in 1 sec. then the speed of shaft in rpm is _____
a) 660 b) 670 c) 680 d)640
Q62. A stepper motor, which is rotating at 200 steps/rev was subjected with a input pulse rate of 1000 pulses/sec. If a 2
track absolute optical encoder is attached to the shaft, then the binary display indicated just after 1.25 secs is ____
a) 0.1 b) 0.2 c) 0.3 d) 0.4
Q63. Statement I : The term ‘encoder’ is used for a device that provides an analog output as a result of angular or linear
displacement.
Statement II : An increment encoder detects changes in angular or linear displacement from some datum position where
as an absolute encoder gives the actual angular or linear position.
a) Both statements are individually true and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1
b) Both statements are individually true but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1
c) Statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false
d) Statement 1 is false but statement 2 is true
Resolver and Inductosyn
Q64. Which of the following sensor works on Mutual inductance variation.

1. Hall Sensor 2. Resolver 3. Inductosyn

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) All of the above

Q65. Which of the following statements are correct related to resolver

Statement1: Resolver generates digital data and operates on “Electromagnetic induction” principle

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Statement2: Resolver has secondary coils which acts like rotor and primary coil acts like stator.

Statement3: A resolver is an electro-mechanical transformer whose analog output voltage is a function of shaft angle.

Statement4: Resolver is an absolute position transducer, producing true angular information of shaft.

(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 3 only (c) 3 and 4 (d) 4 only

Q66. Which of the following sensors are used to measure force as well as torque.

1. Strain gauge 2. Piezo-electric transducer 3. Optical Encoder 4. Inductosyn

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 only (c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 only

Q67. In a shaft position (𝜃) measurement scheme, a resolver is used, the resolver generates two components of output
at each position of the shaft. If the supply voltage to the shaft is 𝑉𝑖𝑛 (t) = 10sin𝜔t and transformation ratio (k) = 1, if the
CRO display is as shown in the figure, then the position of the shaft (𝜃) is

Note: Assume frequency of the supply is more than that of shaft speed.

(a) 60° (b) 120°

(c) 240° (d) 300°

Control systems
Q68. In a temperature control system, temperature of a furnace is monitored at a distance 50m away. The
temperature transmitter has a range of (0°C - 500°C) and provides (4mA - 20mA) current output. The measured
temperature and output current have a straight line relationship with positive slope. The temperature determined from
the voltage measured across a resistance of 500Ω in the current loop. If the voltage measured across the resistance is 4V
then the temperature of the furnace is

(a) 100°𝐶 (b) 125°𝐶 (c) 150°𝐶 (d) 200°𝐶

Q69. In a closed loop control system, proportional controller of gain ‘2’ and offset of 5 mA is used, if the set-point
(Desired target), process variables (control system output) are indicated graphically as shown. The find the controller
output current at t = 0.5 sec provided that unity feedback is employed.

(a) 7 mA (b) 6 mA (c) 9mA (d) None of these

Q70. In the following list-I indicates controller modes and list-II indicates controller output, which of the following option
is correct (e(t) denotes error, 𝑃0 is offset)

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 List – I List- II

A. Proportional Controller 𝑑𝑒(𝑡)

1. 𝑘𝑑 𝑑𝑡
+ 𝑃0
B. Integral Controller
2. 𝑘𝑝 𝑒(𝑡) + 𝑃0

C. Derivative Controller 𝑡
3. 𝑘𝑝 𝑒(𝑡) + 𝑘𝑖 ∫0 𝑒(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + 𝑘𝑑 𝑒(𝑡) + 𝑃0
𝑡
D. PID controller 4. 𝑘𝑖 ∫0 𝑒(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + 𝑃0

(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (b) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

(c) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 (d) None of these

Q71. Which of the following statements are correct?

Statement1: Regulatory mechanism is generally provided by closed loop control system.

Statement2: Open loop control system requires accurate calibration results and closed loop system accuracy depends on
feedback performance.

Statement3: Open loop control system can make error equal to zero at steady state in the absence of disturbance.

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 2

Q72. The transfer function of closed loop-control system shown below.

𝐶(𝑠) 100 𝐶(𝑠) 100

(a) = (b) =
𝑅(𝑠) 100+2𝑠 𝑅(𝑠) 101+2𝑠

𝐶(𝑠) 100 𝐶(𝑠) 5

(c) 𝑅(𝑠) = 1+2𝑠
(d) 𝑅(𝑠) = 1+2𝑠

Q73. If we use force to voltage analogy in the following mechanical system/electrical system, which of the following
option suggest the best match.

List-I List-II

A. Applied force (𝐹𝑛 (𝑡)) 1. Capacitor(C)

B. Mass (M) 2. Resistor(R)

C. Damper coefficient (D) 3. Inductor (L)

D. Spring stiffness (k) 4. Applied voltage ((𝑉𝑖𝑛 (𝑡))

(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (b) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

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(c) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 (d) None of these

Q74. Which of the following controller can results zero steady state error.

(a) Proportional Controller (b) Integral controller (c) Derivative controller (d) None of these

Q75. Which of the following controller is called as “Anticipatory” controller

(a) Proportional Controller (b) Integral controller (c) Derivative controller (d) None of these

Q76. Which of the following controller is called as “Universal” Controller

(a) Proportional Controller (b) Integral controller (c) Derivative controller (d) PID controller

Q77. Which of the following statements are true about control system.

Statement1: Open-loop control systems is very accurate in the absence of disturbance, if the controller algorithm is
accurate

Statement2: Closed loop control system is accurate even in the presence of disturbance.

Statement3: The accuracy of closed loop controller system is independent of performance of feedback sensor.

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 2

Q78. The performance of the controller depends on

(a) Efficiency of controller algorithm (b) Sensor performance

(c) Actuator Performance (d) All of the above.

Hydraulic and Pneumatic actuator

Q79. Consider a1000kg weight pushed up a 35° slope by a cylinder at a constant velocity. The fluid pressure required to
be applied on piston, which has diameter of 100mm and coefficient of
sliding friction is 0.2 is -------------MPa
Note:𝐹𝑐𝑦𝑙 : is force exerted by hydraulic cylinder and, W: Denotes the
weight of the object. 0.92
a) 0.92 b) 0.92 c) 0.95 d)0.91

Q80. A hydraulic pump delivers 0.003 𝑚3 /s of oil to a double-acting cylinder having a 6cm piston diameter and a 2cm
rod diameter. The cylinder supports a load of 5000N in both directions, it shifts a heavy weight horizontally across a
floor. Calculate pressure----------Pa, velocity----------m/sec for retraction.

a) 1.985 MPa, 1.19 m/s

b) 1.785 MPa, 1.29 m/s
c) 1.975 MPa, 1.09 m/s
d) 1.982 MPa, 1.18 m/s

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Q81. A two stage telescopic cylinder is used to tilt the body of a lorry. When the lorry is fully laden, the cylinder has to
exert a force equivalent to 40 kN at all points in its stroke. The outside diameters of the tubes forming two stages are 75
mm and 100 mm. If the pump powering the cylinder delivers 12 𝑚3 /min, calculate the extend speed required for each
stage of the cylinder when tilting fully laden lorry.

a) 1.53 m/Sec, 2.8 m/sec b) 1.52 m/Sec , 2.76 m/Sec c) 1.63 m/Sec, 1.8 m/sec d) 3.53 m/Sec, 5.8 m/sec

Q82.A hydraulic cylinder has a piston of cross sectional area 25𝑐𝑚2 and a fluid pressure of 2 MPa. If is moved 0.25m,
how much work is done?

(a)1.75KJ

(b)1.85 KJ

(c) 1.25 KJ

(d) 1.5 KJ

Q83. Which of the following hydraulic cylinder is used to transmit large amount of mechanical force.

(a) Single Acting type hydraulic cylinder (b) Double acting type hydraulic cylinder

(c) Telescopic type hydraulic cylinder (d) Tandem type hydraulic cylinder

Q84. Match List-I (type of actuator) with List-II (Application) and select the correct answer using the codes given below
the lists:
List – I List- II
A. Double acting double side rod hydraulic cylinder. 1. Use to lift the body of truck or lorry stage by stage.
B. Telescopic type hydraulic cylinder 2. Used to transmit large amount of mechanical power
3. Used in mixer and grinding applications.
C. Tandem type hydraulic cylinder 4. Used to transmit same mechanical power in both
D. Rotatory actuators extension and retraction stroke

(a) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3 (b) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
(c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (d) None of these

Q85. Heavy lifting work is often accomplished by shifting fluids in big machines. The power system of such machines can
be described as
(a) Reciprocating (b) Pneumatic (c) Hydraulic Actuation (d) Hybrid

Q86. A single acting cylinder can be pressurized externally from one direction only.
(a) True. (b) False

Q87. The ____________________ converts the compressed air energy into mechanical energy in the form of linear
movement in one direction only.
(a) Piston cylinders. (b) Double acting cylinders (c) Single acting cylinders (d) Hydraulic pumps

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Q88. A hydraulic cylinder is to accelerate a load of 50 Tonnes horizontally form rest with a velocity of 10 m/min to
50mm. Take coefficient of friction between the load and the guide as 0.1. Assume zero back pressure. The suitable size
of standard metric cylinder -----------mm, if the maximum allowable pressure at the cylinder is 180 bar
a) 66.7 b) 76.8 c) 89.2 d) none of the above

Q89.In the above problem the fluid flow rate required to drive the piston forward at 3m/min is_____ (m^3/sec)
a) 0.02 b) 0.0002 c) 0.2 d) 2
Q90. What will be the velocity of piston movement for a single acting type hydraulic actuators, when the fluid pressure
applied is 100 bar, diameter of the piston is 50 mm and the volumetric flow rate of the liquid is 0.3 𝑚3 / min.
a) 3.55 m/s b) 4 m/s c) 2.55 m/s d) 1.55 m/s
Q91. A Hydraulic has to move a weight of 13 KN. Speed of the cylinder is to be accelerated upto a velocity of 0.13 m/sec
in 0.5 secs. Assume the coefficient of sliding friction as 0.15 and the diameter of piston is 50 mm. Then find the input
pressure, that should be applied on the piston.
a) 1.167 MPa b) 2.167 MPa c) 1.367 MPa d) 1.189 MPa

Q92. A force of 400 N is required to open a process control valve. What is the area of diaphragm needed for a diaphragm
actuator to open the valve with a control gauge pressure of 70 kPa?
a) 0.0095 𝑚2 b) 0.0086 𝑚2 c) 0.0057 𝑚2 d) 0.0048 𝑚2 (2018)
Q93. A force of 10 kN is required to move a workpiece. What is the needed working pressure, if the piston diameter is
100 mm? (2018)
a) 1.55 MPa b) 1.46 MPa c) 1.27 MPa d) 1.12 MPa
Q94. I f a workpiece is moved by 50 mm in 10 s by a piston of diameter 100 mm, the hydraulic liquid flow rate is nearly
(2018)
a) 3.00 x 10−5 𝑚3 /s b) 3.93 x 10−5 𝑚3 /s
c) 4.74 x 10−5 𝑚3 /s d) 5.00 x 10−5 𝑚3 /s

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 Control Valves
Q95.In pneumatic control systems the control valve used as final control element converts
a) Pressure signal to electric signal b) Pressure signal to position change
c) Electric signal to pressure signal d) Position change to pressure signal
Q96.Which of the following Control valve performs AND Logic in Pneumatic Actuation system.
a) Throttle valve b) Shuttle valve c) Directional control valve d) Dual pressure valve
Q97. Which of the following is an electrically actuated valve.
a) Solenoid Valve b) Shuttle valve c) Directional control valve d) Dual pressure valve
Q98.Which of the following actuator will be used to provide highly precise motion.
a) Hydraulic actuator b) Pneumatic actuator c) Stepper Motor d) None of the above
Q99. Choose the correct option
Statement 1 : The gain of a quick opening valve is non-linear.
Statement 2 : An equal percentage valve is not recommended when the pressure drop across the control valve varies.
a) Only statement 1 is correct
b) Only statement 2 is correct
c) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
d) Both statements 1 and 2 are false.
Q100. A fluid flows through a linear valve at a rate of 15 𝑚3 /h when the valve is 15% open. When the valve opens to
30%, the flow rate increases to 30 𝑚3 /h. What is the flow rate in 𝑚3 /h when the valve opens to 45%. The pressure drop
across the valve remains constant.
a) 15 b) 30 c) 45 d) 60
Q101. An OR logic control in pneumatic systems is possible with the help of (2018)
a) Sequence Valve b) Shuttle valve
c) Dual pressure Valve d) Delay Valve
Q102. Statement (I): Process control valves are used to control the rate of fluid flow and are used where, perhaps, the
rate of flow of a liquid into a tank has to be controlled. (2019)
Statement (II): A common form of pneumatic actuator used with process control valves is the diaphragm actuator.
a) Both statements are individually true and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1
b) Both statements are individually true but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1
c) Statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false
d) Statement 1 is false but statement 2 is true
Q103. An actuator having a stem movement at full travel of 30 mm is mounted with a control valve having an equal
percentage plug and with minimum flow rate of 2 𝑚3 /s and maximum flow rate of 24 𝑚3 /s. When the stem movement
is 10 mm, the flow rate will be (2019)
a) 3.4 𝑚3 /s b) 3.8 𝑚3 /s c) 4.2 𝑚3 /s d) 4.6 𝑚3 /s

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 Control Systems

Q104. Find the ratio C/R in the block diagram shown below.

G1G 2 G1G 2
a. 1  G1G 2  G 2 H b. 1  G1G 2  G1H

G1G 2
c. 1  G1 2  G1G 2 H
G d. None of the above.

Q105. A derivative controller was fed with error signal e(t) = 5sinwt, the controller output has phase difference of ____
with error signal.
a) 45ᵒ b) 90ᵒ a) 60ᵒ a) 120ᵒ
Q106. An error signal of e(t)=0.05t is fed to integral controller for 2 sec. the output current of controller is ___%
a) 20 b) 40 c) 10 d) 0.10
Q107. Which of the following controller generates “Zero change in current” for constant error.
a) P controller b) PI controller c) PID controller d) Derivative controller
Q108. The speed of the DC Motor is regulated by current generated by proportional controller. The output range of the
controller is (4 to 20) mA and the speed of motor is (20 to 100) RPM. The current that should be generated by controller,
to get speed of 80 RPM is ___ mA.
a) 12 b) 16 c) 8 d) 20

Miscellaneous

Q109. In a point to point control NC machine, the slides positioned by an integrally mounted stepper motor drive. If the
specification of the motor is 1 deg/pulse, and the pitch of the lead screw is 3.6 mm. What is the expected positioning
accuracy?
a. 1 micron b. 10 micron c. 50 micron d. 100 micron
Q110. In a CNC feed drive, a stepper motor with step angle of 1.8 degree drives a lead screw with pitch of 2mm. The
basic length unit (BLU) for this drive is
a. 10 microns b. 20 microns c. 40 microns d.100 microns
Q111. A stepper motor has 150 steps/rev. The output shaft of the motor is directly coupled to a lead screw of pitch 4
mm, which drives a table. If the frequency of pulse supply to the motor is 200 Hz, the speed of the table (in mm/min) is
a. 400 b. 320 c. 300 d. 280
Q112. Which of the following sensor is not a position sensor
a. Potentiometer b. Optical Encoder c. Hall Sensor d. Thermocouple
Q113. Which of the following sensor is electro-mechanical device
a. Potentiometer b. Piezo-electric sensor c. Both a and b d. None of these

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Q114. Which of the following sensor is primarily a digital position sensor
a. Potentiometer b. optical encoder c. Resolver d. Inductosyn
Q115. Consider the following figure, where the gap between the cylinder and Hall sensor is assumed to be zero. If the
cylindrical rod mechanism has a sensitivity of 1
mm/10 N then find minimum input pressure of oil,
which acts on the piston that can generate output
voltage. The diameter of piston is 100 mm and Hall
sensor carries a constant current of 2 A
perpendicular to the magnetic field.
a. 3 KPa b. 2KPa
c. 2.54KPa d. None of the above.

Q116. In the above setup if the volumetric flow rate of the oil is 10ml/sec then find the minimum time required for
which the voltage will be generated is
a. 1 Sec b. 1.57 Sec c. 2 Sec d. 2.57 Sec

Q117. What is the main purpose of the control valve positioner?

a) Change the valve characteristics b) Improve the precision of the valve

c) Minimize cavitation in the valve d) Reduce leakage of process fluid

Q118. Choose the correct option.

Statement 1: Single seated valves are suitable for small flow rates

Statement 2 : With double seated valves, the flow can be shut off completely.

a) Only statement 1 is correct

b) Only statement 2 is correct
c) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
d) Both statements 1 and 2 are false.

Q119. Match the following

Valve Type Sensitivity

P) Linear 1) Constant

Q) Equal Percentage 2) Increasing

R) Quick Opening 3) Decreasing

a) P-1, Q-2, R-3 b) P-3, Q-2, R-1

c) P-2, Q-1, R-3 d) P-1, Q-3, R-2

Q120. Which of the following controller has steady state error.

a) PID controller b) P controller c) PI controller d) P-D controller

16
Q121. For a certain control system, the error between the setpoint and measured variable is shown in below graph. If
the PI controller is used to compensate this error than the output of controller at t =1sec is ___%; Take 𝐾𝑃 =5, 𝐾𝐼 =2, PI(0)
= 20%

a) 26 b) 30 c) 40 d) 50

Q122. Which of the following statement are true.

Statement1: Amplification of sensors output is required before processing

Statement2: Sensors output can be amplified directly, always

Statement3: Intelligent sensor constitutes in built processor.

a) 1 only b) 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3

Q123. A non-linear position sensor has an input range of (0 to 100 mm) and the output range of (4 to 20) mA. If the
output current at 50 mm is 10 mA, then the non-linearity at 50 mm as a percentage of output span is ______

a) -12.5% b) -12.5% c) -12.5% d) -12.5%

Q124. A pressure sensor is connected to 2-bit analog to digital converter as shown below. The resolution of the input
pressure is ____

a) 6 psi b) 5 psi c) 7 psi d) 8 psi

[0 psi – 20 psi] Pressure Sensor 𝑏1

2-bit
0.05 V/psi ADC 𝑏0
Pressure Signal Voltage Signal

Q125. A single electrical resistance strain gauge of resistance 120 Ω and having a gauge factor of 2 is bonded to steel
having an elastic limit stress of 500 MN/𝑚2 and modulus of elasticity 200 GN/𝑚2 . The change in resistance (Ω) due to
change in stress equal to 1/10 of the elastic range is ____ m Ω

a) 50 b) 0.60 c) 600 d) 60

Q126. A resistive based straingauge is placed in one-arm of the wheatstone bridges, which has three fixed resistors of
value 600 Ω and excitation of 4V. If the strain gauge has initial resistance of 600 Ω and gauge factor of 2 then find the
bridge output voltage when the strain gauge senses strain of 100 µm/m

a) 250 µV b) 200 µV a) 150 µV a) 100 µV

Q127. Statement1: Feedback control system employs sensor in feedback

Statement2: Potentiometer can be used as sensor in feedback of position control system.

a) Both statements are individually true and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1
17
b) Both statements are individually true but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1

c) Statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false

d) Statement 1 is false but statement 2 is true

Q128. A potentiometer is used to measure angular displacement in the range of (0ᵒ to 180ᵒ). The distributed resistance
is given as 5Ω/1ᵒ. Find the output voltage of potentiometer for angular displacement 135ᵒ. Assume the supply voltage to
arc shape metal film is 10 V.

a) 2.5 V b) 5 V c) 7.5 V d) 10V

Q129. An optical encoder, which is used to measure angular speed has a disc with 18 rectangular holes placed at regular
intervals on the periphery of the disc. If the output of photodetector is 360 pulses per sec, then the speed of the shaft
on which the disc is mounted is _____ rpm.

a) 120 b) 1200 c) 1000 d) 100

Q130. What does an inductosyn resembles to in terms of operation.

a) Multipole resolver b) LVDT c) Hall effect sensor d) None.

Q131. At what transformation ratio does an inductosyn operates on

a) 1:100 b) 100:1 c) 1000:1 d) 1:1000

Q132. The ________ will vary as the shaft of the resolver rotates
a) Peak voltage b) Velocity c) Displacement d) None of the above
Q133. A typical resolver has three windings
a) a primary winding and two secondary windings b) two primary windings and single secondary winding.
c) both a and b d) all of the above.
Q134. An accelerometer has a seismic mass of 0.10 Kg and a spring constant of 1.5 x 103 N/m. If the maximum mass
displacement is ±0.025m. Then the maximum measurable acceleration is ______m/𝑠 2
a) 375 b) 350 c) 475 d) None
Q135. Potentiometer is used to measure
a) Linear displacement only b) Angular displacement only
c) Both linear and angular displacements d) None of the above
Q136. LVDT consists of
a) Two primary coils and single secondary coil
b) Single primary coil and two secondary windings connected in series opposition
c) Single primary winding and two secondary winding which is connected in series support
d) None of the above.
Q137. LVDT is used as
a) Impedance Transformer b) Displacement Transducer
c) Temperature Sensor d) None of the above
Q138. Which of the following device is not the part of signal processing circuit.
a) Analog to Digital Converter b) Processor
c) Amplifier d) All the above.
Q139. An LVDT has an output range of -50 mV to 50 mV when the core movement is -5mm to +5mm. The output of the
LVDT is connected to an amplifier of gain 100. The output voltage of amplifier for core displacement of 2.5mm is
a) 25V b) 0.25V c) 2.5V d) 2.5 mV
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Q140. A capacitive transducer consists of two parallel plate of diameter 1.5 cm each separated by an air gap of 0.5 mm
and has nominal capacitance of 300 PF. The displacement sensitivity of the transducer is _____ PF/mm.
a) -200 b) -150 c) -300 d) -600
Q141. Seismic displacement transducer is capable of measuring
a) Static Acceleration b) Dynamic Acceleration c) Amplitude of Vibration d) All the above
Q142. Suppose a liquid level ranging from 5.5 m to 8.6 m linearly converted to pneumatic pressure ranging from 3 to 15
psi. Value of pressure that will result from a level of 7.2 m is ____ psi.
a) 9.4 b) 9.8 c) 9.6 d) 9.3
Q143. In an L.V.D.T, the core is made up of
a) non-magnetic material b) a solid ferro-electric material
c) high permeability, nickel-iron hydrogen annealed material d) all of the above
Q144. An LVDT with a secondary voltage of 2.5 V has a range of ± 50 mm. If the output voltage is -1 V, then the core
movement from center is ____ mm.
a) 20 mm b) -20 mm c) 30 mm d) -30 mm
Q145. Force exerted by magnetic field in Hall effect transducer is
a) Lorentz force b) Magnetic force c) Electric Force d) Hall effect force
Q146. The casing of a compressor is executing sinusoidal vibrations with a displacement amplitude of 1 µm and a
frequency of 1 KHz. The amplitude of the acceleration of the casing in units of g(g = 9.8 m𝑆 −2) is close to
a) 10 g b) 5 g c) 4 g d) 2.5 g
Q147. Below figure shows a position-control system used with machine tool, having an amplifier in series with a valve-
slider arrangement and a feedback loop with a displacement measurement system. The overall transfer function for the
control system is

a) 200 mm/mV b) 200 mm/V c) 41.66 mm/mV d) 41.66 mm/V

Q148. A liquid level control system linearly converts a displacement of 2 – 3 meters into a 4 – 20 mA control signal. A
relay serves as a two-position controller to open or close an inlet valve. If the relay closes at 12 mA and opens at 10 mA
then, the neutral zone in meters (m) is ______ m.
a) 0.125 b) 1.125 c) 3.250 d) 2.5
Q149. An integral controller is used for temperature control in a range of 0 - 250ᵒC with a set point of 150ᵒC. At zero
error (𝐸𝑝 = 0), the controller output is 0.20, Integral gain is -0.1. If temperature jumps to 180 ᵒC, then the controller
output after 5 seconds is
a) 0.06 b) 0.25 c) 0.35 d) 0.30
Q150. A controller outputs a 4 – 20 mA signal to control motor speed from 140 – 600 rpm with linear dependence. The
value of current corresponding to 310 rpm expressed as a percentage of control output is _____ %.
a) 57.95 b) 36.95 c) 40.95 d) 57.5

19
 Assignment Key
Qn Key Qn Key Qn Key Qn Key Qn Key Qn Key Qn Key Qn Key
1 b 21 d 41 b 61 a 81 b 101 b 121 a 141 d
2 c 22 d 42 a 62 a 82 c 102 b 122 c 142 c
3 c 23 d 43 c 63 d 83 d 103 d 123 a 143 c
4 c 24 c 44 d 64 b 84 a 104 a 124 b 144 b
5 b 25 a 45 c 65 c 85 c 105 b 125 d 145 a
6 b 26 d 46 a 66 a 86 a 106 c 126 a 146 c
7 c 27 a 47 c 67 b 87 c 107 d 127 b 147 d
8 a 28 b 48 b 68 b 88 a 108 b 128 c 148 a
9 b 29 b 49 a 69 c 89 b 109 b 129 b 149 c
10 d 30 a 50 a 70 c 90 c 110 a 130 a 150 b
11 b 31 a 51 c 71 a 91 a 111 b 131 b
12 a 32 a 52 d 72 b 92 c 112 d 132 a
13 b 33 d 53 a 73 b 93 c 113 c 133 a
14 b 34 d 54 a 74 b 94 b 114 b 134 a
15 d 35 c 55 a 75 c 95 b 115 c 135 c
16 b 36 d 56 b 76 d 96 d 116 b 136 b
17 a 37 b 57 c 77 d 97 a 117 b 137 b
18 a 38 a 58 d 78 a 98 c 118 a 138 c
19 b 39 c 59 d 79 a 99 a 119 a 139 c
20 c 40 c 60 b 80 a 100 c 120 b 140 d

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