A PROPOSED OLANGO WILDLIFE

CONSERVATION CENTER AND TOURISM

COMPLEX

_______________________________________

A Thesis Proposal

Presented to the

Architecture Department, College of Architecture and Fine

Arts

University of San Carlos

Cebu City

_______________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

By:

Acuña, Charles Anthony

Batoy, Katrine Ann

S.Y. 2016-2017
APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis/dissertation proposal entitled “A PROPOSED OLANGO

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION CENTER AND TOURISM COMPLEX” submitted
by Acuña, Charles Anthony and Batoy, Katrine Ann for the degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE has been examined and
approved for PROPOSAL HEARING.

Thesis Committee

Ar. Marc Ruz

Adviser

Ar. Maxcell Migallos Ar. Omar Maxwell Espina

Coordinator Member

Ar.Anne Nacorda Ar. Joseph Michel Espina

Member Member

Ar. Ma. Lizeta Uy

Member
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT AND KEYWORD

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Rationale of the Study

 1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.2.1 Objectives of the Study

1.3 Significance of the Study

1.4 Scope and Limitations

1.5 Theoretical Framework

1.6 Conceptual Framework

1.7 Definition of Terms

1.8 Organization of the Study

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Chapter 3: Methodology

3.1 Research Environment

3.2 Research Respondents

3.3 Research Instruments

3.4 Research Procedures

3.4.1 Gathering of Data

3.4.2 Treatment of Data

Chapter 4: Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.1 Client and User

4.2 Related Building Laws

4.3 Planning and Design Standards

4.4 Site Criteria and Analysis

4.5 Space Programming

4.5.1 List of Spaces

 4.5.2 Space Proximity Matrix

4.5.3 Space Relationship Diagram

4.5.4 Space Programming Sheets

Chapter 5: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendices

Correspondences

CV

Chapter 6: Proposed Architectural Concept and Solution

CHAPTER 1
Introduction

1.1 Rationale of the Study

Olango Island as the Lapu-lapu City’s new “tourism frontier” and as an

ecotourism destination will help the city stay ahead of this highly

competitive tourism market”. Our study will boost up the tourism of

Olango Island on providing an ecotourism complex and provides

enough research facilities for the wildlife sanctuary.

The wildlife conservation center and tourism complex provides a

facility that rescues injured/endangered wild life animals in the island

which they will rehabilitate and will be released back into the wild. It

provides research and laboratory facilities for the researchers. It also

provides a Wildlife Interactive Museum and a library for people to

understand more about bird migration patterns and other wild life

animals. As for the tourists, they will also be provided with room

accommodations. This is generally a study intended to provide

architectural research, programming, and solutions to conform the

need of the research facility and tourism complex in the island. Another

purpose of this study is to be knowledgeable of the world of wildlife

and thoroughly learn and understand its use.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The researchers aim to design a wildlife sanctuary that will

provide architectural research, programming, and solutions to conform
the need of wildlife conservation facility in Olango Island. What are
available in Olango wildlife sanctuary today are only offices, mangrove
planting, and the viewing deck for bird watching. They lack the
medical, research, and training facilities which limits the capability of
one’s education and knowledge about wildlife conservation. What is
needed is a proper facility that will manage rescue operations,
rehabilitation, replanting and wildlife conservation. To ensure the safety
of the wildlife sanctuary and its tourists. The aim of this study is to
create a wildlife sanctuary and tourism complex that will teach people
about the importance of wildlife and to promote the conservation of
wildlife in Olango Island.
The study seeks to answer the following questions:

 How would the proposal provide spaces for the different types of
research facility needed in terms of achieving a systematic flow of
research for the wildlife of Olango Island?
 How would the facility such as the exhibit hall/museum achieve its
goal as to spread awareness and educate the public on how rich the
wildlife biodiversity of Olango Island and how can they help protect
and conserve these species?
 How would Wildlife Conservation Center attract a large number of
both local and foreign visitors in terms of promoting the province’s
and city’s tourism?

1.2.1 Objectives of the Study

The fundamental goal of this study is to provide a facility that

would provide research, education, conservation and recreation for the

rich wildlife biodiversity in the country.

1. Research and Conservation

 To be able to provide spaces for different types of research
regarding wildlife biodiversity.
 To be able to protect the well-being and survival of wildlife
 species.
 To be able to improve the quality of research by providing spaces
such as laboratories, libraries, and work inspiring spaces.
 To be able to encourage researchers, scientists and marine
biologists to expand their knowledge about wildlife biology.
 To discover new solutions for the preservation and protection of
wildlife.
2. Education and Recreation
 To be able to educate the public on how rich the wildlife
biodiversity of the Philippines is and how they could help in
protecting these wildlife species.
 To be able to raise awareness of environmental preservation and
conservation through engaging visitors with interesting wildlife-
related activities.
 To emphasize learning through entertainment to the public.
 To educate and bring new learning and fun experience to the
public and the community.
3. Touristic
 To entertain tourists with enjoyable spaces,
 To attract local and foreign tourists and providing them spaces
which they could enjoy.
 To attract local and foreign birdwatchers, divers, snorkelers, and
scientists to the centre, thus promoting tourism.

1.3 Significance of the Study

This conservation center will give both foreign and local

tourists/volunteers an opportunity to explore more about the
biodiversity of the wildlife in Olango island. They will be given the
proper methods and tools in order for them to participate in wildlife
conservation. The activities that the tourists/volunteers will encounter
can greatly help the wildlife conservation to ensure that the nature will
be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the
importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species
alike.
The proposal would have a facility that provides research center
and a medical aid that could benefit both researchers and other wildlife
animals in Olango. This would mean a faster response in emergency
cases and an extended research for biologists and students. Moreover,
this will promote awareness to everyone that wildlife is very essential
for our survival.

1.4 Scope and Limitations

The scope of this proposal is mainly focused on designing and
planning a educational facilities, research facilities concentrating on
research about wildlife biodiversity and a ecotourism complex that can
cater the growing population of tourists within the area along with the
different activities that are being held on the wildlife sanctuary.
The presentation of the study will outline the basic information of
the existing conditions, physical and socio-economic profile, issues and
problems of the study area. Primarily, the study is conducted to
determine the need to provide a wildlife conservation center and
tourism complex.
The proposed Olango Wildlife Park and Ecotourism Complex shall
contain four sections respectively.
a. The Administrative Section – this area will serve as a
control area that controls the whole facility and is responsible
for the supervision of all the activities,
b. The Research Centre – this area will be used for research
and experimentations and will focus on the following areas of
research respectively:
The areas of researches will include:
 c. The Wildlife Exhibits/ Educational and Entertainment
Centre –this area will serve as the centre for public
awareness and education that will features a exhibits that will
display different migrating birds and wildlife biodiversity that
could provide relevant information for the locals and visitors.
d. Ecotourism Complex – this area will serve as an attraction
for the local and foreign tourist that provides room
accommodation and enjoyable spaces for activities.
This study will only focus on the Architectural interpretation of
the said spaces and considerations with structural concepts and
utility design concepts but will not go further into tackling the
budgets and economics side of the study or the proposal.

1.5 Theoretical Framework

1.6 Conceptual Framework
1.7 Definition of Terms

Wildlife - It refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to

include all plants, fungi, and other organisms that grow or live wild in

an area without being introduced by humans.

Wildlife Sanctuary – a place of refuge where abused, injured, and

abandoned captive wildlife may live in peace and dignity for the

remainder of their lives.

Wildlife Education – Providing studies regarding wildlife biodiversity

and teaching them to the public and fellow researchers. Conducted to

raise awareness for the preservation of wildlife.

Wildlife Exhibit – A place or centre in which newly required

knowledge will be exposed to the public in order to give awareness and

a potential tourist destination.

Biodiversity-refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from

genes to ecosystems, and the ecological and evolutionary processes

that sustain it.

Wetlands – a place where the land is covered by water, either salt,

fresh or somewhere in between.

Mangroves - These are shrubs or small trees that grow in coastal

saline or brackish water. They are salt tolerant trees, also called

halophytes, and are adapted to life in harsh coastal conditions.

Conservation - An act of preserving, guarding, or protecting.

Ornithology - It is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of

birds.

Tourism Complex- an area developed as a base for tourism where

tourist facilities are established comprehensively for various purposes

of tourism and relaxation.

Ecotourism - tourism directed toward exotic, often threatened,

natural environments, especially to support conservation efforts and

observe wildlife.

1.8 Organization of the Study

Chapter 1

This chapter will be about the history and the significance of the
proposed thesis. It will also inform the respondents on what the

problem of the thesis is and why this thesis is proposed and the

following terms that will be used in further parts of this research.

Chapter 2

This chapter will inform the respondents of the existing literature and

references about the topic. It will also inform them of the standard

rules and regulations of the thesis topic and as well as our approach to

the problem.

Chapter 3

This chapter will inform the respondents about the research

methodologies applied in gathering data for this thesis.

Chapter 4

This chapter will inform the respondents of the results of the three

previous chapters. Here will be the results of the gathered data in our

research.

Chapter 5

This chapter will inform the respondents on how we approach and

analyze the given problem in a much more detailed way. This is the

chapter where we break down the different data and analyze them

briefly through applied theories. This chapter includes schemes and

diagrams for detailed analysis.

CHAPTER 2
 Review of Related Literature

The following studies and projects are the materials that the

proponents deemed useful in the process of leading the study into a

suitable and fruitful work.

2.1 The Importance of Wildlife: Human Survival Depends on it

By: Brittani Sponaugle

Traditionally speaking wildlife encompasses all non-

domesticated animals like birds, fox, bison, frogs, coyotes and so on.

However, the term wildlife has come to envelope all kinds of

undomesticated life from microorganisms to vegetation and fungi as

well. The scope of wildlife is vast and there is no possible way to

discuss the importance of each contributor to the ecological system

as a whole in this article. The most important lesson to take away

from this is that without wildlife – human life would not exist.

Ecology

Broadly speaking, ecology is the study of environmental

systems and everything that resides within those environments.

Ecology is particularly focused on how organisms living within an

ecosystem interact with the living and non-living environment that

surrounds them. An ecosystem is a community of natural bodies that

live and work together in an interconnected web for survival. The best

way to think about this is the food chain. In school we’re taught about

how the lion eats the hyena, the hyena eats the coyote, the coyote
eats rabbits, the rabbit eats vegetation and small insects and

microorganisms eat vegetation – all of which require oxygen or sun to

survive and all of which share a localized environment, or ecosystem.

Each variable is interdependent on the other to continue the life

cycle. It’s this circle of life that maintains the three areas of study

within ecology which are

populations, ecosystems and communities.

 Population ecology - It focuses on the variable amount of

wildlife within an ecosystem and the distribution of that

population. An example of this would be the study of Northern Pike

in Colorado rivers and lakes. Northern Pike in Colorado are

considered invasive which means they are non-native and

threaten native organisms. It’s their population and distribution

(organically or introduced) that is the focus of population

ecologists. Because of their aggressive nature and size, these pike

don’t have many natural predators in their non-native water

sources. However, they are the predators who deplete certain

water sources of other organic aquatic life. This decreases

biodiversity which decreases the stability of the ecosystem

(community).

 Ecosystem ecology - It is the general study of all living things in

a defined environmental community (desert, arctic tundra, rain

forest, ocean and so on) and it’s interaction with the abiotic, or
 non-living, environment.

 Community ecology - It focuses on both ecosystems and

populations, combined. The Northern Pike example is quite

applicable here. High abundance of pike equates to a low

biodiversity in the lake ecosystem which contributes to an

increased dissolved oxygen (DO) prevalence which ultimately

affects the livability of the lake for other aquatic life and can result

in an eventual “dead zone” or water source eutrophication.

How are we involved?

We, humans are very dependent on wildlife. Here are some

reasons why we are very dependent on wildlife:

 The clothes we wear come from cotton, hemp or other plant

fibers that are manufactured into wearable items. In ancient

days, and still occasionally, clothes are crafted from the hide

and fur of animals. Using plants for material is a sustainable

practice. Cropping plants encourages new growth and new

growth means availability of this resource.

 The food we eat, obviously, comes from animals and plants. If

there was no one to eat eggs from chickens, all of those eggs

could potentially hatch. If all of those eggs hatched, we’d have a

serious chicken infestation on our hands. With that many

chickens there needs to be an increase in natural predators to

maintain the population, or an increase in human consumption.

 An abundance of any one animal can cause an imbalance in an

ecosystem which can affect the environment at the global level.

 The houses we build and live in are often constructed using

wildlife resources like wood from trees. Many cultures around

the world once constructed their houses using other natural

resources like animal bones for tools, soil compositions for clay

structures, and plant elements for shelter.

 The paper we write and print on comes from trees and other

plant fibers. Remember to recycle because the more paper we

use, the more deforestation occurs and the more this affects

certain ecosystems.

 The air we breathe would be toxic if it weren’t for plant

photosynthesis of which oxygen is a by-product. Phytoplankton

play a huge role in eliminating carbon from our atmosphere and

contributing to the dissolved oxygen levels of water. They are

also considered a direct contributor to global warming and

changes in atmospheric conditions.

 Civilizations world-wide have been using plants for medicine

since the beginning of time. Mushrooms also have soil

restoration capabilities when nutrients are deficient and

contaminants prevalent.

Our environment promotes incredible biodiversity, and it’s this

biodiversity that contributes directly to the sustainability of all life on

the planet. All life on the planet is interdependent. Every organism

has a role that it plays in the bigger picture of life.

2.3 Architectural Programming and Predesign Manager

This book was written by Robert G. Hershberger and it talks about

programming as the very first step in designing any architectural

project. The process of programming was thoroughly explained and

certain issues were identified.

 Environmental Issues

- Site

- Climate

- Context

 Human Issues

- Functional activities to be housed

- Social relationships to be maintained

- Psychological characteristics and needs of the users

 - Physical needs and characteristics of the users

2.3 Hong Kong Wetland Park

Link: http://www.nextstophongkong.com/hong-kong-wetland-park/

Hongkong Wetland Park is a conservation, education and tourism

facility. It comprises a 10,000 square metre (110,00 sq ft) visitor

centre. Wetland Interactive World, and a 60-hectare (150 acre)

Wetland Reserve. The Wetland Interactive World has themed

exhibition galleries, a theatre, a souvenir shop, an indoor play area

(swamp adventure) and a resource centre.

Facilities

Themed exhibition galleries with floor areas ranging from 250 to

1,200 square metres (2,700 to 12,900 sq ft) showcase the importance

of wetland on biodiversity, civilization and conservation. Visitors can

learn more about the native flora and fauna of Hong Kong through the

animals and models displayed in the Living Wetland Gallery.

 The Wetland Reserve consists of re-created habitats designed for

water fowls and other wildlife. The Wetland Discovery Centre, located

in the Wetland Reserve, provides visitors more hands-on experience on

local wetlands. Other facilities include Stream Walk, Succession Walk,

Mangrove Boardwalk and three bird hides situated next to the fish

pond, mudflat and riverside.

2.4 BIRD HIDES

Link:http://birdlife.org.au/images/uploads/education_sheets/INFO-bird-hides-sm.pdf

The Purpose of Hides

The primary purpose of a hide is to enable the observer to get

closer to his objective than could otherwise have been achieved, and

to allow observation of bird or other animal behaviour over a period of

time without alarming the subject. It is therefore necessary for the

observer to blend in with the environment as much as possible. Hides

are concerned with more than keeping the observer out of sight of the

observed; it is equally important that the birds or animals are not

alarmed by sounds such as voices, shuffling of the observers, the

motor film feed of a camera or flapping of fabric coverings. A telescope

will assist viewing from a greater distance.

By far the greatest use for a hide is to provide a facility where the

general public is encouraged to view nature on a more or less casual

basis in a way which least disturbs the animals or birds. This will

almost certainly call for some degree of viewer management.

Different kind of Bird Hides:

Permanent hides

Ground-level hides

Elevated hides

Pit hides

‘Vulture restaurants’ or feeding stations

Temporary hides

Photographic hides

Elevated hides

Mobile hides : Vehicle-hides; Boat-hides;

Unusual hides, Hot-air balloons.

A

checklist for hide design

A checklist for hide design For those who may be involved in the

design of hides, the following checklist gives many alternatives which

should be considered during the design process. The list is not

intended to be exhaustive.
CHAPTER 3
Methodology
3.1 Research Environment

Olango Island is located in the Central Visayan region in Cebu

Province. The island lies 5 km west of Mactan Island, a major tourist

destination in Cebu. It has 20,000 human residents with 1,014 hectares

of land. The island is virtually flat and surrounded by mangroves,

seagrass beds and offshore coral reefs. it is known for its 920-hectare

Wildlife Sanctuary that serves as flyways in the world of migrating

birds.

The proposed site is located at the Olango Wildlife Sanctuary that is

near the coastal area of the island. The site is rich with wildlife

biodiversity that will hopefully be developed to promote tourism in the

island.

3.2 Research Respondents

The respondents of the proposed research are the local citizens of

the island. These people are the ones who are more knowledgeable

around the island and they are the ones who are more aware of the

activities surrounding the island.

3.3 Research Instruments

To make the research study successful researchers used different

kind of instruments in gathering and analyzing information. The

researchers used books as one of the references to acquire enough

data for building codes, design standards and provisions. They also

used electronic gadgets like computer, laptops and smart phones to

access the internet for information and communication.

3.4 Research Procedures

3.4.1 Gathering of Data

0 INTERNET RESEARCH

The researchers gathered information through using the internet

to search for similar wildlife facility within the Philippines. Due to the

lack of these facilities in the country, the researchers also research a

similar wildlife facility outside the Philippines.

1 LIBRARY RESEARCH

0 The researchers gathered information and inspirations through

the architectural books and magazines that are usually found in the

library. Through this method the researchers were able to determine

the different provisions and policies that will be applied in our study.

2 INTERVIEW

The researchers were able to acquire information and data

through interviewing members of Olango Wildlife Sanctuary and

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). They were

able to further understand the needs and requirements that are

essential in designing a functional facility.

3.4.2 Treatment of Data

After gathering the data needed, the following were done by the

researchers:

 Thorough analysis of the gathered data and information

 Take into consideration the building codes, standards of design and

planning, and regulations that are related to this study

 To further develop the data gathered, schematic diagrams and

preliminary drawings and sketches were done

 After the preliminary drawings have been approved, the next step

was to make the working architectural drawings

CHAPTER 4
Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.1 Client and User

4.1.1Client

1. World Wide Fund (WWF) – Philippines

BACKGROUND

World Wildlife Fund-Philippines became the 26th national

organization of WWF network. WWF-Philippines, also known as Kabang

Kalikasan ng Pilipinas (KKP), has been working as a national

organization of the WWF network since 1997. The organization's

conservation program places strong marine emphasis in the

conservation of species and habitats and utilizes highly integrative and

participatory approaches to find solutions that work for the

environment and for the people that live in and depend on it.
VISION

A Philippines where globally-significant biodiversity is properly

protected and harnessed to sustain life for all and where species,

habitats and resources from part of a unique heritage that every

Filipino is proud of. WWF champions conservation in areas where

biodiversity matters most.

MISSION

WWF-Philippines mission is to stop and eventually reverse the

accelerating degradation of the Philippine environment – to build a

future where Filipinos live in harmony with nature.

2. Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Foundation

BACKGROUNDS

The Philippines Biodiversity Conservation

Programme (PBCP) is the first kind in the Phillipines ;

initiated in the early 1990s with specific species

conservation programmes, it is now managed by the Philippines

Biodiversity Conservation Foundation (PBCFI)

VISION
 The long-term conservation of the Philippines’ native and endemic

wildlife and natural habitats for the benefit of future generations of all

peoples who may inhabit and share the natural resources of the

country.

MISSION

To enhance and enable the conservation of the Philippines’ unique

and threatened environment, biodiversity and natural resources into

perpetuity, through the establishment of integrated biodiversity

conservation and development programs particularly conservation

breeding, that include dissemination of knowledge, management

practices and the active participation and collaboration of relevant

stakeholders, particularly those who are dependent upon the natural

resources of the region.

Goals of the Foundation

 Conduct research on globally important species

 Implement site and habitat conservation programmes

 Produce a viable population of captive-bred endemic and

threatened species for release in suitable habitats:

a. Prepare suitable sites for reintroduction

b. Upgrade and keep setting international standards for

conservation breeding facilities

 Establish international standards for conservation breeding

 and botanical gardens

 Mobilize necessary support and resources

 Incubate new experts and develop capacity of partner

organizations

 Produce and raise the standards of conservation

communication

4.1.2 Users

User Profile

In this section, the researcher is describing the users according to their

respective roles in the study and how they can affect the proceedings

of the proposed development.

Primary Users

a) Residents - The local residents, people who are native in the town

or are not but have lived most of their lives in the municipality, are

the primary users of the development since they are the direct

residents. They are the core target that will benefit from the

different improvements that the town is planning.

b) Guests - Tourists/Visitors who wish to stay a day or two on the

island’s wildlife sanctuary. The accommodations and facilities will

give them the chance to connect with nature once again.

c) Students - Students from different academe and schools who visit

the facility for both educational and entertainment purposes.

d) Volunteers - Compromises of both local and foreign volunteers

 who are interested in participating in wildlife conservation to

campaign for the conservation of wildlife.

e) Researchers - Scientists, students, biologists and other related

field who conducts study and take long-term / short-term

observations in the facility to expand their knowledge and research

about the biodiversity of Olango Islands wildlife.

f) Educators - Instructors from different institutions who visit the

complex for educational purposes.

g) Tourists - Both local and foreign visitors who visit the facility to

enjoy the exhibit and to learn more about wildlife conservation.

h) Ornithologist -Someone who is a professional that studies every

aspect of birds, including bird songs, flight patterns, physical

appearance and migration patterns.

i) Marine Biologist - Professionals involved in the studying,

observing, or managing marine organisms may they be

microorganisms, plants or animals. They supervise the entire

marine research laboratories.

j) Zoologists and research Staff - They are professionals who

conduct studies of multiple species in a certain ecosystem,

population interactions, and specific species or behaviors. They

collect and analyze date in laboratories or outdoor environments.

Secondary Users
a) Curator - A person who acts as the administrator of the exhibit

who coordinates with every head biologists in developing

educational programs for the facility.

b) Aquarist - A person who specializes in animal care especially for

marine life. They are also responsible for the supervision of

preparation of food for feeding the animals and supervises the

maintenance of the aquarium and presentation of clean exhibits.

c) Aviculturist - Someone who specializes animal care especially for

birds. They keep and breed birds and the culture that forms around

it. Aviculturist is also responsible for preserving avian habitat, and

public awareness campaigns.

d) Tour Guide - Usually locals of the island guide tourists along the

mangrove forest, bird sanctuary, and fish sanctuary. Most guides

will be consisted of the locals so that it could provide livelihood to

those who have none.

e) Maintenance - These people are responsible for the maintenance

of the display tanks, bird cages, exhibits, equipment inside the

facility.

f) Technicians / Operators - Technical professionals who are in

charge in making sure the utilities in the facility are in pristine

condition and hazard free.

4.2 Related Building Laws

4.3 Planning and Design Standards

4.3.1 Design Criteria and Considerations

General

 All designs are based on concepts and being applied to the design.

 All provisions, standards, building type, and requirements that are

being considered are based on the provisions and laws such as the

National Building Code, DENR Administrative Order, Accessibility

Law and City ordinances.

Planning

 Space planning should render comfort and convenience to its users

 Functional requirements should be considered to accomplish

systematic flow on research

 Movement and circulation should be simple and effective for

instances for sudden large concentration of people.

Exhibit Hall/Museum

 Materials to be used must follow the standards of DENR

Administrative Order

 Flow of movement and circulation of people within the area should

be planned carefully especially for sudden large groups of people.

 Sun shading devices will be provided to avoid unnecessary heat

and glare inside the building

 Environment of birds and marine animals should be made as

natural as possible.
Laboratories

 Office should be separated from the laboratories

 Spaces should be very flexible to accommodate different types of

research especially for temporary studies.

 Lab-based research programs should at least have 300ft 2 of wet or

dry laboratory and an additional 300ft2 for laboratory groups with

increased needs for equipment space, personnel workstation, etc.

 Field-based research programs should have ample storage space

for field equipment wheter used in research and/or field courses.

 Lab space allocated to researchers with specific laboratory

requirements.

 Storage of seedlings of the different kind of mangrove specie

should be provided for easy access and replanting.

 Spaces should be accessible to accommodate expansion at any

given time.

 Shall be provided with fire protection and safety.

 Laboratory flooring in chemical use areas and other high hazard

areas shall be chemically resistant.

 It shall provide viewing areas into labs from the corridor or in the

doors for educational purposes.

 Furniture inside the laboratory such as tables and chair shall be

treated with special materials.

Operations Area
 Breeding room shall be made as natural as possible and to receive

two kinds of specie of different sex, mostly likely those endangered

birds.

 Holding tanks are to be provided to receive new specimen for

quarantine.

 Work area should be about 3ft. Higher than public floor dedicated

by the height of the average visitor looking into the center of the

viewing glass.

 Work area and public area must be well separated.

 Storage space for tools, nets, chemicals, etc. Should be provided

4.4 Site Criteria and Analysis

4.4.1 Site Conditions

A. Location
 Olango Island is located of Mactan Island in the province of Cebu,

Philippines. It lies between latitudes 10 deg.., 13 minutes and 10 deg.,

16 minutes North and between longitudes 124 def., 2 minutes and 124

deg., 4 minutes East. The island is bordered by four bodies of water:

the Cebu Strait in the South, Olango Channel in the East, Camotes Sea

in the North, and Gilutongan Channel in the west. Olango Island is part

of the group of islands/islets known as the olango island group

composed of Olango, Camungi, Pangang-an, Caohangan, Gilutungan

and Sulpa. The Olango Wildlife Sanctuary lies on the southern shores of

Olango Island.

B. Access

The province of Cebu can be reached from Manila via

 Mactan by airplane or via Cebu City by boat. From Mactan,

Olango Island can be reached by taking private or public land

transport to the motorboat docking station in Maribago, Dapdap

or Buot. From Maribago, Dapdap or Buot, a motorboat leaves

every hour for Poo, Sta. Rosa, and Baring, or Tingo, on Olango

Island. The Olango Wildlife Sanctuary can be reached by tricycle

or on foot, Travel by public transport from Cebu City by bus to

the Lapu-Lapu City bus terminal, where tricycles can take

Olango-Bound passengers to the motorboat docking station in

Maribago, Dapdap or Buot. The straight-line distance from

Maribago to Sta. Rosa proper in an east-southeast direction is

approximately 5 km.

C. General Description

The island has an area of approximately 1.041 h.a.. It is

3km across at its widest point and 7.5 km long. It is generally flat

with no portions of the island reaching an elevation of more than

10m above sea level. Its rock base is coralline limestone and

littoral flats with thin sand or silt substrate or exposed rock base.

It extends up to the fringing foul ground where seagrasses ,

algae, and coral polyps dominate. Mangrove forests and coconut

groves also occur on the island.

 Its wildlife sanctuary has an area of approximately 1,120 h.a.

with a large intertidal area, forming a veneer up to 20cm deep, over a

hard substrate of coralline limestone. The lower shore consists of soft

sandy mud of p to 10cm deep. The middle shore level is covered with

shallower sand substrate while upper shore level is also covered with

sand but with mangrove shrubland and low woodland growths.

D. Climate

The island has s hot and humid climate with temperatures

ranging from 26 deg. To 33 deg. The rainy season is from June to

January, with the heaviest rainfall in November and December. The dry

season is from February to May.

E. Geology

Olango Island and the surrounding small islets are raised coral

reefs nestled atop a bigger coral reef east of Mactan Island. The island

is composed of two (2) lithologic units, the Pilo-Pleistocene Carcar

Formation and the Quarterhary Alluvium, the youngest lithologic

unit.

Carcar Formation is typically a porous coralline limestone. It is

characterized by small sinkholes, pitted grooves and branching of

pinnacles, which is suggestive of an in-situ deposition. It is composed

mostly of shell, algae and other carbonate materials. Macro and micro

fossils are abundant in this formation. The alluvium occupies mostly

the coastal areas of the island. The so-called “tidal”, the 1,120
hectares wildlife sanctuary, is overlain by this formation. It is composed

mostly of calcareous sand derived from the weathering of the

limestone.

F. Hydrology

Fresh water wells are unsanitary open wells and restricted to the

center of the island. Water from public wells is not enough to support

the daily needs of the people, thus many residents settle for brackish

water as drinking water as drinking water. Those who can afford it, buy

fresh water from vendors, while those who cannot walk to the source

and carry water home.

G. Soil/Substrates

Soils of Olango Island has not been classified. However, nearby

Mactan Island, which has a similar Carcar limestone base has both

blackish Faraon Clay and reddish Bolinao Clay.

H. Views

On the site, the wetland, the sea and the mangroves are the views.

The place is best for enjoying sunsets and sunrise. The place can be

enjoyed with its clear water and white sand. Overall the site is

surrounded by natural views.

I. Power

Electricity Electric power is supplied by the National Power

Corporation (NAPOCOR) and is distributed by the Mactan Electric

Company (MECO). There are 2 generators encased in 1 powerhouse

that was built by NAPOCOR in 1994 for Olango Island. Construction is

underway for housing another generator. In 1997, the total number of

households with electricity was 555, Barangay Santa Rosa had the

most number of households served (Table 4.10). Electricity in Olango

Island is available for 12 hours only from 12:00 noon to 12:00

midnight; in the satellite islets, generators or kerosene lamps are used

for lighting. Recently, in Panganan Island, a solar-powered generator

using 1,000 m2 of solar panels, was completed under a Belgium-

funded project making Pangan-an the first island in the Philippines

powered solely by solar energy.

J. Land Use

Most of the island’s arable area is planted with coconut, corn, horse

radish, giant ipil-ipil and cassava; coastal areas are used for offshore

fishing and harvesting of some edible seashells and seaweeds. Portions

of the mangrove and adjacent intertidal areas are used as docking

sites for outrigger boats.

K. Infrastructures

Olango Island has an existing sea port which is located in barangay

Sta. Rosa. All barangays are connected by a dirt road. Residential

buildings, resorts and accommodation and other natural destination

are present in the island.

L. ZONING (Olango Wildlife Sanctuary)
4.4.1 SITE ANALYSIS

4.4.2 SWOT ANALYSIS

A SWOT Analysis was carried out considering the site, existing

resources and future potential. The Strengths, Weaknesses,

Opportunities and Threats were separately listed and weighed against

each other.

STRENGTHS:

 Existing site is flat which makes it easy and flexible.

 The site is isolated from crowded area.

  Accessible to all kinds of vehicles.

 Located at the Wildlife Sanctuary which is rich with natural

views/attraction.

WEAKNESS

 The site is too far from the city. It may be hard and would

take too much travel time.

 Typhoons, natural calamities and maximum rainfall would

cause less tours, cancelled operations and destruction of

materials.

 Climate of the site may caused big problems for the proposed

structure.

 The road going to the site are not fully developed.

OPPORTUNITIES:

 Rich with natural attractions and can be developed as the

next tourist destination.

 Proper landscape, zoning of buildings and site development

could be carried out due to good conditions of the site.

 This would create a big opportunity to raise the tourism

economy in this part of the town.

THREATS:

 Natural calamities are major threats.

 When it’s low tide the sea level rises to 1 meter.

4.5 Space Programming

4.5.1 List of Spaces

The proposal, Wildlife Conservation Center and Tourism Complex

should contain mainly of laboratories with experimental studies that

are integrated with recreational and educational environment of further

functions such as the library, exhibit halls, aviary, aquarium, and

showrooms. It will also provide room accommodations for visitors who

wish to prolong their stay in the Sanctuary. Thus the whole facility is

mainly divided into three zones:

1.Administrative Department

2.Public Spaces

3.Gallery/Exhibition Area

4.Research Department

5.Maintenance and Utility Zone

 Space Requirements

1. Administrative Department

This particular area will serve as the control area. This section controls

the whole facility and is responsible for the supervision of all the

activities within the facility.

DESIGN NO. OF
SPACE FUNCTION CRITERA USERS AREA
CONSIDERATIONS USERS
Receiving -Serves as the receiving
Lounge area and lounging area
for the administrative
staff and visitors
Director’s Office -The main office of the
head Director of the
administrative
department
Clerical Area -Area for clerical
assistant and staff of
the administrative
department
Conference -Space used for
Room meetings
File & Record -Storage for filing
Area important documents
Human Resource -Provides a space for HR
Division personnel
Information -Space that provides
Directors Office for storing, processing,
and retrieving
information for
dissemination at regular
intervals, on demand or
selectively, according to
express needs of users
Accounting and -Work space where
Finance Office accounting and financial
work are held
Storage -Storage of equipment
and other
Toilets -Comfort rooms for -Proper lighting and
male, female and PWDs’ ventilation
-Privacy for the
users
-Safety and security
 2. Public Spaces

This area provides common spaces that are used by users.

DESIGN NO. OF
SPACE FUNCTION CRITERA USERS AREA
CONSIDERATIONS USERS
Main Lobby -Serves as an entry way -Spacious
from the outside -Security personnel
can observe all
entry points
-Utilize natural
lighting and
ventilation
Ticketing Booth -A space where tickets
for the park tour are
being sold
Souvenir Shop -Souvenirs and gift
items are sold to give
the visitors a piece of
remembrance from the
wetland park
experience
Cafe/Restaurant -A proper dining area for
the visitors of the park
Information -Acts as an information
Center booth to provide asked
information and
questions by the visitors
of the facility.
Lounge -Space that provides
sofas and relaxable
seating furniture for
visitors.
Public Toilets -Separate common
toilets for male, female
and PWDs’
Auditorium -A space that hosts
convention meetings
and seminars for
research groups or
tourists. Audio and
video presentations are
held here as well.
Function Room -Flexible space for
hosting different kinds
of social event

3. Gallery/Exhibition Area
 This area will serve as the center for public awareness and education.

This center will feature a wildlife gallery that consists of bird replicas,

different type of wetlands, etc. That could provide relevant information

to visitors regarding wildlife.

DESIGN NO. OF
SPACE FUNCTION CRITERA USERS AREA
CONSIDERATIONS USERS
Living Wetland -This space is used to
showcase the different
kinds of wetlands
throughout the world
from the poles to the
tropics.
Bird Replicas -A space where visitors
are confronted with life
size replicas of birds of
different species.
Exhibition Area -It is where exhibits and
photographs illustrate
the richness of our
wildlife. Interactive
materials are available
for further preservation
knowledge and
learning.
 4. Research Department

This area is allotted for research and experimentation. Management

and documentation of wildlife researches and monitoring efforts will be

held here. Ornithologists and other researchers would be held

responsible for the supervision and management of the areas inside

this department.

DESIGN NO. OF
SPACE FUNCTION CRITERA USERS AREA
CONSIDERATIONS USERS
Laboratories -Provides a controlled
space in which scientific
research, experiments
and observation are
being held
Preparation Lab -Preparation of
experimental studies
will be held in this lab
before entering and
bringing them into
specific and assigned
laboratories within the
research center
Wet Lab -Used for analysis of
biopsy samples
involving liquid
solutions
Dry Lab -Used for all other
analysis like histology,
anatomy, general
biology, and other fields
of research to be
conducted
Genetic Chem -Used for genetic and
Lab other analysis like
hormones and
spectrometry that
require higher safety
and sterile location.
Necropsy Area -Area used for the
examination and
autopsy of dead wildlife
animals to determine
their cause of death or
changes producted by
the disease.
X-Ray Area -Used for two and three
dimensional
 visualization of internal
structure for research
topics
Equipment Lab -A space where all
Room equipment can be
stored and build
controlled temperature
and humidity mould and
dust filters
Sterilizing Room -Serves as the sanitizing
room where researchers
would sterilize and
clean themselves before
entering and leaving
such laboratories.
Freezers -Used to store animal
samples to preserve
and prevent quick
decay.
Storage Area -To store samples that
are preserved in
Formalin or other
volatile chemical
preservatives.
Researchers can use
this room for temporary
storage of their
samples.
Mini Library -Serves as the record
room for keeping and
data collection.
Conference -Used for small
Room gatherings of the users
with room amenities for
audio and visual
presentations.
Offices -Work space for
researchers
Accommodation -Used for researchers
Spaces who have

5. Maintenance and Utility Zone

DESIGN NO. OF
SPACE FUNCTION CRITERA USERS AREA
CONSIDERATIONS USERS
Mechanical -Used for storing
Room mechanical equipment
Electrical Room -Provides the space that
distributes electricity to
the facility
Water Quality -This room will conduct
Test room tests procedures
required for the
 observation of proper
salinity.
Storage Room -Used to store
equipment and other
tools necessary for the
proper organization of
the facility equipment.
Janitors Closet -Small area used to
store the materials/tools
of the janitor
Maintenance -Work space for the
Office maintenance staff

CHAPTER 5
Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendices

Correspondences

CV