Internship report 2019-20

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI – 590018

An Internship Report (15CV84)

ON

“COMMON EFFELUENT TREATMENT PLANT”

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of degree

of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL

by
SHASHIDHARA A E
1GA16CV091

Internship Carried Out

At

ECO GREEN SOLUTION SYSTEM (P) LTD

Factory Circle, Dodaballapura

External Guide: Internal Guide:

Dr. RAVI D.R. Mrs. REASHMA P S
DEO Assistant Professor
Karnataka state pollution control board Dept. of Civil engineering

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
Raja Rajeshwari Nagar, Bangalore-5600982
2019-2020

Dept. Of Civil Engineering

Page 1
Global Academy of Technology
 GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
Ideal Homes Township, Rajarajeshwarinagar,
Bangalore – 560098

CERTIFICATE

SHASHIDHARA A E, a Bonafide student of GLOBAL ACADEMY OF

TECHNOLOGY bearing USN 1GA16CV091, has submitted the Internship report
entitled “COMMON EFFELUENT TREATMENT PLANT” in partial
fulfilment for the award of Bachelor degree in CIVIL Engineering prescribed by
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year 2019- 2020.

Dr. Ravi D.R Dr. C.V. Srinivas Dr. Rana Pratap Reddy
EXTERNAL GUIDE H.O.D PRINCIPAL
KSPCB Dept. of Civil Global Academy of Technology

Mrs. Vidya V Mrs. REASHMA P S

INTERNSHIP CO-ORDINATOR INTERNALGUIDE

Dept. of Civil Dept. of Civil

EXTERNAL VIVA

Name of the examiner SIGNATURE WITH DATE

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

• It was a great experience working in the department of KSPCB under the company
ECO-GREEN SOLUTION SYSTEM (P) LTD

• I would like to thank our guide Dr. RAVI D.R for helping me a lot and sharing their
experience in completing the project. It was a unique experience to be a part of it and
to study an interesting topic, COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT. I
also thank all people, who works in the site for helping me in completing the project.

• I would also like to thank MR. SRINIVAS (Director) and RAMESH (General
Manager) for giving a great opportunity to do project within the organisation.

• I also feel honour to express my sincere gratitude to MR. SRINIVAS (HEAD OF

THE DEPARTMENT, CIVIL ENGINEERING-GAT).

• I would also like to thank Dr. N. RANAPRATAP REDDY, Principal, Global

Academy of Technology and the management of Global Academy of Technology for
providing us all the infrastructural facilities.

• I extend my gratitude to the entire faculty, non-teaching staff and my team members.

SHASHIDHARA A E

1GA16CV091
 ABSTRACT

Our project deals with the study of wastewater treatment, by which the
complete treatment is done by

Location is at factory circle, dodaballapura

We have studied the treatment process and laboratory techniques which is been
implemented in treatment process.

SHASHIDHARA A E

1GA16CV091
 DECLARATION

I, SHASHIDHARA A E (USN: 1GA16CV091), student of 8th semester B.E.

in Civil Engineering, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru. hereby
declare that Internship work entitled “COMMON EFFELUENT
TREATMENT PLANT” accomplished in ECO GREEN SOLUTIONS,
submitted to Visvesvaraya Technological University during academic year
2019-2020, is an original work done by me under external guide Dr. RAVI
D.R. DEO, KSPCB and internal guide Mrs. REASHMA P S, Professor, Dept
of Civil Engineering, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru.

Date: SHASHIDHARA A E
Place: Bengaluru 1GA16CV091
INDEX
 Description
 Acknowledgement
 Abstract

1.Introduction

 History of eco green

 Vision and mission
 Values
 List of activities

2. Wastewater sampling

 Types of samples
 Physical or chemical pollutants

3. Common effluent treatment plant

 Introduction to CETP
 Need for CETP
 Overview of CETP

4. Wastewater treatment

 Process of CETP
 Flow diagram
 Real time monitoring

5. Flow Chart
6. Test conducted in laboratory

 pH
 Total solids
 TDS- total dissolved solids
 TSS- total suspended solids
 BOD
 COD

7. Chemical Parameters

8. Monitoring

 Ambient air monitoring

 Stack emission monitoring
 Weather forecasting
 Noise monitoring

9. Summary

10. Conclusion
1. INTRODUCTION

KARNATAKA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) is a legal entity entrusted for
prevention and control of pollution in Indian state Karnataka, which was constituted by the
Government of Karnataka on 21-9-1974. KSPCB board regulates air, water and
environmental pollution in its complete zone of Karnataka. Where its main headquarter is
operated in Bangalore.

The KSPCB Board enforces following rules and notifications framed under Environmental
Protection Act 1986 :-

 The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974.

 The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
 Hazardous and Other Wastes Rules, 2016.
 Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006.
 Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
 Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016.
 The Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000.
 Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016
 Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016.
 E-waste (Management) Rules 2016.
 KSPCB HEAD OFFICE
Head Office address:

Karnataka State Pollution Control Board,

"Parisara Bhavan", #49,4th & 5th Floor, Church

Street, Bangalore-560001

E-mail:

Chairman:

chairman@kspcb.gov.in General:

ho@kspcb.gov.in Contact No:

Ph no: 080-25589111 / 25586520

Fax: 25586321
 ECO GREEN SOLUTIONS SYSTEMS PVT LTD
ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED COPANY

Eco Green Solution systems Pvt Ltd was established in the year 2005 with the team of
professionals and started the CETP for treating non-biodegradable waste of 50KLD from the
house of “Chemicals Manufactures”. Due to industrialization growth discharge of toxic waste
directly to the environment without any treatment. Thus, CETP were benefited from many
small and medium scale industries in and around Bengaluru. With the consultation of
Environmental Resources Management, German Technical Corporation (HAWA) & Indian
Institute of science. Area occupied by CETP (plot area): 4305 and Total no. of staff
(including operational & skilled persons) is 15
Due to the continues improvement the company started its consultancy in the field of
Environmental and started catering in projects like EIA, Consultancy services in
Environmental Aspects, Management of E-waste, Establishing Environmental Laboratory,
Identifying the location & monitoring of air pollution by manual/online station, Management
of E-waste, Solvent Recover , Engineered landfill for Hazardous waste, Management of solid
waste sites which are harmful to the Environment, Study the performance of Existing
Sewage/Effluent treatment plant, Carry out River, Groundwater, Soil Quality Studies with
diligence reports, Management in the handling and transportation of Hazardous Waste used
as supplementary fuel, Implementation of Environmental Management Plan, Formulation of
Environmental Management Plant & Setting up incinerator for hazardous waste/Biomedical
waste.
Later to have better quality of treatment and disposal the company started its in house
laboratory for testing water and wastewater with the empanelled of KSPCB. Further due to
cancellation of the empanelled to all the laboratories. The company went ahead and obtained
NABL accreditation for analysis of water, wastewater, soil, air and stack. As there was
continues improvement and development in keeping the environment clean the company
started transportation of Hazardous waste to Cement Industries which is used as
supplementary fuel and also Transportation of HW to landfill site through the designated
trucks along with transportation of domestic wastewater to BWSSB STP’S for treatment and
disposal.

Location : Plot # 48/A-4, KIADB Bommasandra, Industrial Area,

Doddaballaura, Karnataka 561203.

1.1 VISION AND MISSION

 Vision: A clean, healthy and well protected environment supporting a sustainable
society and economy.
 Mission: To be a leader in providing solution and servicing through pioneer effort
in the field of environment.

1.2 VALUES
 Versatility
 Assurance
 Allegiance
 Professionalism
 Confidentially

1.3 Eco Green Solution System (P) Ltd is an

Organisation Involved in following

activities

 Common Effluent Treatment plant.

 Analysis of water, waste water, Air, Stack and soil.
 Re-processing and supply of treated water.
 Dealers in Eco-friendly metal finishing chemicals.
 Authorised Transporters of hazardous waste to cement industries.
 Transporter of domestic waste water for scientific disposal.
 2. WASTEWATER SAMPLING

Wastewater is any water that has been affected by human use. Wastewater is "used water
from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface
runoff or stormwater, and any sewer inflow or sewer infiltration”. Therefore, wastewater is a
by-product of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities. The characteristics
of wastewater vary depending on the source. Types of wastewater include: domestic
wastewater from households, municipal wastewater from communities (also called sewage)
or industrial wastewater from industrial activities. Wastewater can contain physical,
chemical and biological pollutants.
Households may produce wastewater from , sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, bath
tubs, and showers. Households that use produce less wastewater than those that use flush
toilets.
Wastewater may be conveyed in a which conveys only sewage. Alternatively, it can be
transported in a sewer which includes and industrial wastewater. After treatment at a , the
treated wastewater (also called effluent) is discharged to a receiving water body. The terms
"wastewater reuse" or "" apply if the treated waste is used for another purpose. Wastewater
that is discharged to the environment without suitable treatment causes .
In developing countries and in rural areas with low population densities, wastewater is often
treated by various on-site sanitation systems and not conveyed in sewers. These systems
include connected to , (OSS),
systems and many more.
The composition of wastewater varies widely. This is a partial list of pollutants that may be contained
in wastewater:

2.1 Chemical or physical pollutants.

 Heavy metals, including mercury, lead, and chromium

 Organic particles such as faeces, hairs, food, vomit, paper fibres, plant material, etc.
 Soluble organic material such as urea, fruit sugars,
soluble proteins, drugs, pharmaceuticals, etc.;
 Inorganic particles such as sand, grit, metal particles, ceramics, etc.
 Soluble inorganic material such as ammonia, road-salt, sea-salt etc
 Macro-solids such as sanitary napkins, nappies/diapers, condoms, needles, children's
toys, dead animals or plants, etc.
 Gases such as hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, methane, etc.
 Emulsions such as paints, adhesives, mayonnaise, hair colorants, emulsified oils, etc.
 Toxins such as pesticides, poisons, herbicides, etc.
 Pharmaceuticals and hormones and other hazardous substances
 Thermal pollution from power stations and industrial manufacturers
2.2 Biological pollutants

If the wastewater contains human faeces, as is the case for sewage, then it may also
contain pathogens of one of the four types

 Bacteria
 Viruses
 Protozoa
 Parasites.

2.3 Wastewater sample are mainly two types: -

Grab samples:
A properly taken grab sample is a snapshot of the quality of the water at the exact time and
place the sample was taken. Depending on the water body, grab samples may be taken by
simply dipping a sample bottle in the water body, or they may require the use of specific
sampling devices.

Composite samples:
A composite sample is a mixture of grab samples taken at different times or locations and
pooled together to provide one sample. The advantage of composite sampling is that it gives
you an idea of the average condition of a water body over time.
 3. INTRODUCTION OF CETP

The concept of common effluent treatment plant has been accepted as a solution for
collecting, conveying, treating and disposing of effluents from various waste water through
industrial estates.

According to eco green solution p.ltd Pollution from small- and large-scale industries is a
major problem in India, nearly half of wastewater generated by the most industries and
disposal of their trade effluents is the major problem.

To handle this situation and to keep the waterbodies from pollution free CETP was setup.
Thus M/s. Eco Green Solutions established this facility to cater these industrial needs in
disposal of trade effluents by collecting and treating in centralized effluent treatment plant.

3.1 NEED FOR CETP :

 Several large scale, small scale industries may not have the technical expertise to
handle their waste water generated
 To reduce growing rate of water pollution and in turn saving aquatic lives
 Retardation of hazardous pollutants from water.

3.2 OVERVIEW OF CETP :

 The CETP is designed to treat non-biodegradable waste with an installed capacity

of 50KLD followed by reverse osmosis and Multi Effect Evaporator
 Process at Eco Green Solution rigorously adhere the national and international safety
standards
 The company is well equipped with its own transport facilities of 3 rubber lined
tankers to collect effluents from industries for treatment and disposal.
 4. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS
 Initially the waste water samples are transported to the effluent treatment plant site
through tankers which include industries like dairy industry, textile industry,
electroplating industry, poultry and automobile industries. Where capacity of each
tanker is 1000 litres. Each day 15-20 tankers of waste water is supplied to the site.
 4.1COLLECTION TANK

There are 3 collection tanks which are divided based on their effluent characteristics as
shown below –

Collection tank

Collection Tank 1 Collection Tank 2 Collection Tank 3

Dimension Dimension- 187X145X122 Dimension- 187X45X122 m

145X73X122 m m
Capacity – 54563 litres
Capacity – 21369 litres. Capacity – 54563 litres
Specification – alkaline in
Specification – high Specification – acidic in nature
chromium content. nature
pH – above 6
pH – 1 pH – below 6

The effluent from the tankers of various industries are collected in the collection tank, after
determining their effluent characteristics like pH, chromium content etc, depending on which
it is distributed to respective collection tank accordingly.
 4.2 NEUTRALISATION TANK
There are 4 set of neutralisation tanks depending upon their working process. The effluent
from the collection tank is let into neutralisation tank through internal piping system where
the pH and TDS (Total dissolved solids) are regulated and maintained. Each neutralisation
tanks are of dimension 82X79 m of bearing capacity 6588 liters.

4.3 DOSING TANK

It is a tank in which dosing of required chemicals is done. There are 4 dosing tanks depending
on their chemical usage where each dosing tank are of different chemical supplies.
Dimension of each dosing tank is 62.4X67.2m bearing capacity of 3627 litres.
 DOSING TANK

Dosing tank 5
Dosing tank 1
Dosing tank 2 Dosing tank 3 Dosing tank 4
Chemical added
Chemical added BleachingChemical
powder added Chemical added Chemical added
ction tank poly electrolyte
ferrous sulphate sodium hydroxide Alum
Function- removes
Function- Function- Function- allow
Function-
removes neutralises the sludge to settle
increases pH
hazardous effluent down
level
particles
pH =11 to 14 pH= 7

4.4 SLUDGE AND BLENDING TANK

Followed by dosing tank 5 the effluent is sent to sludge tank where the settled sludge stay
back in sludge tank and the water free from sludge is sent to blending tank where route
blower starts rotating which makes the effluent mix proportionally maintaining uniform pH.

Blending tank Sludge tank

 4.5 RO FEED
Here the effluent from blending tank is sent to RO feed in which water is purified by the
process of reverse osmosis removing all dissolved particles in present in water.

4.6 DUAL MEDIA FILTER

Followed by RO feed tank the treated water gets into ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER
where odour and colour of waste water is removed and further fed into PRESSURE SAND
FILTER which removes minute suspended particles in water sample.
 4.7 MEE FEED TANK
The complete treated water is fed into the mee feed tank with pH 7 and with standard quality
of water which is colourless, odourless. If the TDS level is above 10,000 such water is still
impure thus it is sent to boilers in which water is collected after the condensation of steam. If
the water is still impure the repetition of process takes place. And water from here is used for
the purpose of gardening in the plant site itself.

Mee feed tank.

Boiler
 4.8 SLUDGE MANAGEMENT
The sludge from the sludge tank is collected and sent to the clarifier tank where it is allowed
to settle down for 24hrs. later this sludge from clarifier is sent to filter press where the sludge
gets compacted as solid material and further it is packed and kept for drying and transported
to Ramky Groups which disposes the sludge as land fill.
 5.0 FLOW CHART

Collection Tank Collection Tank

02 03

Collection
Tank 01

Blending Sludge
Tank Tank
 6.1 LABARATORY TESTS
6.2 PH-ELECTROMETRIC METHOD
pH is measured using pH meter, which comprises a detecting unit consisting of a glass
electrode, reference electrode, usually a calomel electrode connected by Kcl
Bridge to the pH sensitive glass electrode and an indicating unit which indicates the pH
corresponding to the electromotive force is then detected.

Less than 7 Acidic

If 7 Neutral
More than 7 up to 14 Basic

6.3 Total Solids :

Procedure :

 Take a crucible and take its weight as W

 Add 25 ml of well ixed sample to crucible
 Evapourate the sample by heating at 100 C
 Weight the left out after cooling as W1

Total solid = ( W1 – W ) * 1000 mg/ L

25
6.4 Total Suspended Solid :

Procedure :

 Measure the initial weight of clean filter paper F

 Take 100 ml of sample and pass through the filter
 The filter paper is oven dried at 103 C
 Cool it note its weight F1
 TSS = ( F1 – F ) * 1000 mg/L
25

6.5 Total Dissolved Solids :

Procedure :

 Take the initial weight of empty dish D

 Take 50 ml of filtrated sample into the dish
 Place the dish in oven at 103 C for an hour
 Take out the dried dish and note its weight D1

TDS = ( D1 – D ) * 1000 mg/L

25

6.6 Biological Oxygen Demand :

Procedure :

 Burette – 0.025N Na2SO4

 Conical Flask – 200 ml sample + 2ml MnSO4 + 2ml alkali iodide azide
+ 2ml H2SO4
 Indicator – Starch
 End Point - Blue to colourless

Calculation :

BOD = ( A – B ) * Vol of bottle mg/L

Sample volume
6.7 Chemical Oxygen Demand :

Procedure :

 Burette – 0.1N Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

 Conical Flask – 0.4 g mercury sulphate + 10ml K2Cr2O7 + 30ml H2SO4
+ 100 ml sample
 Indicator – Ferroin Indicator
 End Point - Bluish green to reddish brown .

Calculation :

COD : ( A – B ) * Normality of FAS * 8 * 1000 mg/L

Volume of sample

Where a = mL FAS used for blank.

b = mL FAS used for sample.
N=Normality of FAS
8000=equivalent weight of oxygen×1000

7. Analysed Chemical Parameters :

Parameters before treatment –

Si No. Parameter Result Standard

01 BOD mg/lt 3500 100
02 COD mg/lt 14000 250
03 TDS mg/lt 4000 2100
04 TSS mg /lt 800 100
Chemical Parameters after Treatment :

Si Parameters Unit Result Standard

no. IS 3025
1988
01 Ph - 6.6 6–9
02 TDS mg/L 1888 2100
03 TSS mg/L 8.0 100
04 BOD mg/L 32 100
05 COD mg/L 228 250
06 Copper mg/L 0.08 3.0
07 Zinc mg/L - 15
08 Iron mg/L 0.757 3.0
09 Arsenic mg/L 0.004 2.0
 8. MONITORING

AMBIENT AIR MONITORING

Ambient air monitoring measures helps in monitoring the contamination levels in indoor and
outdoor that people breathe. The levels of pollution can be measure by utilizing our services.
Here the air quality index must be maintained below 100.

STACK EMISSION MONITORING

Stack monitoring measures helps in monitoring the contamination levels in outdoor stack that
people breathe.

The levels of those emitted pollutants can be monitor and measure by utilizing our services.
 WEATHER FORECASTING

Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the conditions of
the atmosphere for a given location and time.

NOISE MONITORING
In acoustics, noise measurement can be for the purpose of measuring environmental
noise.
Applications include monitoring of construction sites, aircraft noise, road traffic
noise,
entertainment venues and neighbourhood noise. It is mandatory to maintain noise less than
70
decibel
9. SUMMARY

 The effluent from the various industries are collected in collection tank
 pH is maintained by dosing the effluents into Neutralization tank with
dosing chemicals (Bleaching powder, Ferrous sulphate, SMBS, Alum,
Caustic soda, poly electrolyte)
 The supernants from the neuralization tank are then transferred to the Blending tank
 The blended effluent is passed to clarifier and is dosed with
polyelectrolyte for the efficient settling take place
 The supernants is then passed to Ro settling tank
 Sludge from clarifier is sent to sludge settling tank
 Sludge from clarifier is sent to sludge settling tank and then it is sent to the filter
press for the purpose of solidification
 The sludge cake is deposited to TDSF
 The treated water from RO settling tank is passed through the Pressure
 sand filter and Activated Carbon Filter for removal of suspended solids,
odor and color removal
 Then the treated water from RO feed tank is passed through
Pressure Sand Filter in order to remove remaining suspended solids
 RO reject is pumped to Multi Effect Evaporation (MEE)plant in order
to remove high TDS by evaporation system
 Ro permit water is used for chemical preparation, maintenance of
green belt and boiler unit to generate high pressure steam for MEE
plant.

 High TDs water gets condensed in evaporation unit by the continuous

supply of pressurized steam.
 Finally, condensate water is collected and reused as boiler feed
 Crystalline residue from MEE unit is then sent to authorized TSDF
along with filter press sludge
10. CONCLUSION :

 The efficiency of any treatment plant, especially a CETP, depends on its optimum
design and functioning and also strict compliance by member facilities. It is not
always possible for CETP to work in optimum conditions. However, it is
recommended that the chances of failure be reduced to a few cases per year. Major
steps need to be taken on this account by CETP and member facilities as well.

 To achieve high reliability, the variability in the quality of the raw water entering the
CETP should be monitored and controlled. This can be achieved by notifying all the
member facilities that they should follow inlet discharge standards prescribed to them
by the governing body, i.e., MPCB in this case. The framework formulated by
KSPCB and stipulated in the consent-to-operate form should be strictly followed by
each member facility.

 At the facility level, heavy metals can be removed by physical adsorption, bio
adsorption, membrane filtration, lime precipitation (for heavy metal concentrations
higher than 1000 mg/L), ion exchange, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration,
or photocatalysis.

 The facilities discharging effluent with a high pollution load should be charged more
for the cost of operation and maintenance as compared to other factories. Upgradation
of the capacity of any member facility or changes in product processes, capacity, or
types should be carried out strictly in consultation with the CETP.