Waste Water Management
Waste Water Management
Waste Water Management
Management
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A Collaborative Project
Presented to
of the
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Technical Writing
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by:
Anquillo, Larry
Basas, Andrew
Cruz, Ma. Ivette
Gabito, Franz Joseph
Salubon, Ma. Angelica
Uy, Rafael Glenn
Verdon, Arlius Czarhinne
December 2018
Page
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... iv
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ v
CHAPTER 1
I. INTRODUCTIONS .......................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
References
Appendices
Biographical Sketch
Introduction
changed as a result of the introduction of certain substances which render it unsafe for
The day to day activities of man is mainly water dependent and therefore
discharge ‘waste’ into water. Some of the substances include hair shampoo, food scraps,
cleaners, dirt, micro-organisms (germs) which can make people ill and damage the
Wastewater is generally divided into two categories: black water and grey water.
Blackwater refers to toilet waste and grey water to the remaining waste water from
sinks, showers, laundry, etc. Wastewater is not safe to drink, and discharging this water
directly into the environment (onto the ground or into a water body) can pose health
and safety problem. Wastewater must be properly managed to protect human and
most of the contaminants that are found in wastewater to ensure a sound environment
political soundness.
Many ancient cities had drainage systems, but they were primarily intended to
carry rainwater away from roofs and pavements. A notable example is the drainage
system of ancient Rome. It included many surface conduits that were connected to a
large vaulted channel called the Cloaca Maxima (“Great Sewer”), which carried drainage
water to the Tiber River. Built of stone and on a grand scale, the Cloaca Maxima is one
There was little progress in urban drainage or sewerage during the Middle Ages.
Privy vaults and cesspools were used, but most wastes were simply dumped into gutters
to be flushed through the drains by floods. Toilets (water closets) were installed in
houses in the early 19th century, but they were usually connected to cesspools, not
because the cesspools were seldom emptied and frequently overflowed. The threat
to public health became apparent. In England in the middle of the 19th century,
human waste from privy vaults and cesspools. It soon became necessary for all water
closets in the larger towns to be connected directly to the storm sewers. This
transferred sewage from the ground near houses to nearby bodies of water. Thus, a
built long before the nineteenth century. Before this time, “night soil” was placed in
buckets along streets and workers emptied them into “honeywagon” tanks. This was
sent to rural areas and disposed off over agricultural lands. In the nineteenth century,
flush toilets led to an increase in the volume of waste for these agricultural lands. Due to
this transporting challenge, cities began to use drainage and storm sewers to convey
wastewater into water bodies against the recommendation of Edwin Chadwick in 1842
that “rain to the river and sewage to the soil”. The discharge of waste into water courses
Today there have been great advances to make portable water from
minimum treatment level is required before discharge permits are granted (Peavy,
Also presently, the focus is shifting from centralized systems to more sustainable
manage.
STUDY) According to the UNIDO study, approximately 2,000 cubic meters of solvent
wastes, 22,000 tons of heavy metals, infectious wastes, biological sludge, lubricants, and
intractable wastes, as well as 25 million cubic meters of acid/alkaline liquid wastes are
that out of the 127 freshwater bodies being sampled, 47% percent were found to have
good water quality. However, 40% of those sampled were found to have only fair water
quality, while 13% showed poor water quality. It is estimated that in 2025, water
availability will be marginal in most major cities and in 8 of the 19 major river basins in
the country. Waterborne diseases remain a severe public health concern in the country.
And about 4,200 people die each year due to contaminated drinking water.
As the research progress, these are the question that needs to be prioritized:
Specific Objectives:
To use measured materials that are abundant and readily available which
To test the efficiency of the system to convert the wastewater to potable water
ease regarding the health of the civilian’s due to the elimination of toxins such as
worms, bacteria, protozoa and viruses lingering in water from contamination water.
This research study aims to provide low cost water recyclable equipment that
will also cover the possibility of producing safe and clean water and how it will be
Sand. Sand either fine or course, is generally used as filter media. The
filter sand should generally be obtained from rocks like quartzite, and should
fine sand grains hold the static charge that causes some
falling out of the bottle. The filtered water on the last layer of the research will
1.6 Hypothesis
To provide useable water from used water such as rainwater and leftover
water by creating low cost wastewater equipment, which will be affordable for
everyone.
To make sure that the treated water is 99.9% safe for human consumption by
creating device that will check the quality of the recycled water.
By creating this equipment and device, this will help our society with the
problem in water pollution and to secure the health of the people who will benefit this
research study.
household. With the current knowledge of how an ordinary water filtration and the hardware
needed, the functionality of the research may advance due to detecting bacteria while filtering
water. In order to implement this at its full functionality, the usage of the software “Android
Studio” is needed for the coding of the android program and will be tested many times in order
same and will be tested to make sure the water filtration will be a success.
Case Study, South Africa ( Bucharest - 2012). This paper explores wastewater and grey
equation. It further proposes a methodology for deriving monetary indicator values for
function (output distance function) for deriving marginal prices of contaminant removal
According to this research, wastewater and grey water can be reused. The main
purpose of the current research is the same however the materials to be used is an eco-
friendly and safe. Also, it will be affordable to the households and it can be monitored
(Chew, Mariana – 2012). Many communities along the U.S.-Mexico border discharge
treated (or untreated) wastewater and share surface water resources through the Rio
Grande-Bravo. Serious environmental and health risks may result from lack of
binational wastewater regulation. The thesis of this paper is that wastewater treatment
and should include socio-political and economic aspects in its regulation. Furthermore,
On this current research, it adapts on the modern age by using technology. With
the use of smart phone as a monitor screen and Bluetooth as connectivity to the PH
Sensor, the filtered water may be monitored depending on the usage capacity of the
smart phone.
most Americans don’t realize is that our world is in a serious water shortage crisis.
Seventy percent of our planet is covered by water, so it may be easy to think that this
resource will always be plentiful. Fresh water, the water we drink and bathe in, is very
rare, by comparison. Only 3 percent of our water sources on Earth are made up of fresh
water, according to the United Nations. Most of that fraction can only be
estimates that almost 1.1 billion people live without clean drinking water, while another
3 billion find water scarce for at least one month of the year. Many in the world are
exposed to water-borne diseases, such as cholera and typhoid fever, while over 2
million people — most of whom are children — die each year from diarrhea due to
water-borne pathogens. By 2025, the UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world’s
population will live in areas of the world that suffer water scarcity as our ecosystem
According to the research stated, it describes how water is essential to the daily
life of human beings pointing to the fact that most of human beings may die without it
in a matter of three days or less. Depending on age and gender, the human body is
made up of between 50- and 75-percent water. Nevertheless, many of us take water for
granted that it causes scarcity of water or making water a place for toxins to produce. So
with the help of the current research, it may be to be prevented. This research filters
waste water into safe potable water for domestic use to make water reusable many
times as possible.
as it focuses on the on-site treatment of wastewater and on local recycling and reuse of
resources contained in domestic wastewater (in primus, water itself). This paper
with local water use and reuse requirements, where locally treated water could support
agricultural productivity or (in more urban areas) be used as a substitute for drinking-
different dimensions should be taken into account (in particular, local issues). There is
no fixed or universal solution to the technological issue; to the contrary, all relevant
technology is selected and operated, to avoid exporting problems over time or space.(
https://www.mdpi.com)
This research includes the use of technology to help monitor about the acidity of
the water. PH Sensor is needed for monitoring while smart phones displays the range
whether the water is safe or harmful to use due to acid and alkaline.
The Global Rise of Zero Liquid Discharge for Wastewater Management: Drivers,
Technologies, and Future Directions (Tiezheng Tong and Menachem Elimelech, 2016).
waste and maximizes water usage efficiency — has attracted renewed interest
worldwide in recent years. Although implementation of ZLD reduces water pollution and
augments water supply, the technology is constrained by high cost and intensive energy
consumption. In this critical review, we discuss the drivers, incentives, technologies, and
environmental impacts of ZLD. Within this framework, the global applications of ZLD in
the United States and emerging economies such as China and India are examined. We
highlight the evolution of ZLD from thermal- to membrane-based processes, and analyze
the advantages and limitations of existing and emerging ZLD technologies. The potential
environmental impacts of ZLD, notably greenhouse gas emission and generation of solid
waste, are discussed and the prospects of ZLD technologies and research needs are
highlighted.( https://pubs.acs.org)
materials and the finished product will not cause side effect that will damage the
environment. Moreover, it will be at low cost so that the household may save up
This chapter describes the operational plan of work strategy. A number of activities in
the plan of work include the following operations: a.) research design; b.) population, sample
size, and sampling technique; c.) description of the respondents; d.) research instrument; e.)
This study used the quantative methods of research. The design of the research
method must be tackled in such intellectual technique to realize accurate execution for
each phase of Water Filtration process. There are many ways of research techniques
and data collection methods to bring about the desired objective of this type of study.
The difficulty would be deciding which method the data should be collected. In
answer.
research.
Often, a customer defines a set of general objectives for software but does not
operating system, or the form that human/machine interaction should take. In these,
and many other situations, a prototyping paradigm may offer the best approach.
QUICK PLAN. Based on the requirements and others of the communication part
that will be visible to the customer/user, such as input approaches and output formats.
prototype.
customer/user and used to refine requirements for the software to be developed. All
these steps are repeated to tune the prototype to satisfy user’s need. At the same time
The target population for this project are the household from Lawaan, which will
For this project, the accessible population comprised all the households in 3
barangay of Lawaan. The table 3.0 presents the records of the household in Lawaan.
In addition to this, the said barangay are considered appropriate as a population of the
study area, because Lawaan has a large number of household that uses water for daily
Overall, the total sample size of the population that will be affected in this study
came up to 302. The proponent came up of 90 households from Barangay Betaog, 102
household randomly
Cluster Sampling. The randomly selected household from each barangay will be
Barangay Captain. The researchers went to barangay hall and asked permission
from barangay captain, who will implement or will benefit the said research study.
who uses water for domestic needs and for the Barangay Health Worker to monitor the
The questionnaire will be the major instrument used in this study so that we are
secure despondence to certain questions. The questionnaire that was used in this study
reference materials and related about the output of the filtered water.
followed:
1. Prepare Questionnaire.
3. Tally the inputted data by separating the pros and cons to know what will be
facilitated by the retrieval of responses. This procedure also enabled the researcher to
conduct interview at the same time consecutively. The researches collected the
answered questionnaire.
research findings.
statistical treatment. The Percentage, Weighted Mean and T-test are tools use to
interpret data.
1. Percentage
This will employ to determine the frequency counts and percentage distribution of
Formula:
% is the percentage
F is the Frequency
This will be use to determine the assessment of the respondents with regards to
Formula:
This will helpful in making comparison of two or more means which enables a
researcher to draw various results and predictions about two or more sets of data.
Steps in ANOVA
3. The third step is to compute for the sum of squares within the column
GANNT CHART
PERT/CPM CHART
CONTEXT DIAGRAM
Appendix E
SYSTEM FLOWCHART
Greetings!
In the regard, we are asking for your precious time, and effort to answer all the
questions in the questionnaire that are important and helpful for the completion of the study.
Rest assured that all data gathered from you will be kept in the highest level of
confidentiality.
Your positive response in this request will be valuable contribution for the success of the
study and will highly appreciate.
Respectfully Yours,
Anquillo, Larry
Basas, Andrew
Cruz, Ma. Ivette
Gabito, Franz Joseph
Salubon, Ma. Angelica
Uy, Rafael Glenn
Verdon, Arlius Czarhinne
Noted By:
SURVERY QUESTIONNAIRE
Good day!
PLEASE CHECK ( √ ) OR PROVIDE YOUR MOST APPROPRIATE RESPONSE FOR EACH AND
EVERY QUESTION.
I. Demographic profile
II. Questions:
SOURCE OF WATER 4 3 2 1
Public wells.
2.2 Does your household use water for any of the following?
Drinking
Bathing
Cooking
Laundering
Toilet washing
Flower watering
Car washing
Yes No Maybe
Yes No Maybe
Additional Feedback
Thank you for taking the time to fill out our survey. Your input is greatly appreciated.
Appendix H
EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE
Good day!
Appendix I
Image
1. Functions
SOURCE CODE: