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    Solutions 1.5-Page 51 Problem 27: DX Dy Ye X

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    John Philip Monera
    This document summarizes the solutions to several differential equation problems: 1) It solves a differential equation by regarding y as the independent variable rather than x, resulting in an equation of the form given on page 43. 2) It uses given terminology to set up a differential equation modeling the change in salt concentration in a tank as water is pumped in and out, and solves it to find the time until only 10kg of salt remains. 3) It derives the differential equation for the amount A(t) in a retirement account with continuous deposits of 12% of an exponentially increasing salary and 6% annual interest, and solves it to find A(40), the amount available at retirement age 70.

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    Solutions 1.5-Page 51 Problem 27: DX Dy Ye X

    Uploaded by

    John Philip Monera
    150 views4 pages
    This document summarizes the solutions to several differential equation problems: 1) It solves a differential equation by regarding y as the independent variable rather than x, resulting in an equation of the form given on page 43. 2) It uses given terminology to set up a differential equation modeling the change in salt concentration in a tank as water is pumped in and out, and solves it to find the time until only 10kg of salt remains. 3) It derives the differential equation for the amount A(t) in a retirement account with continuous deposits of 12% of an exponentially increasing salary and 6% annual interest, and solves it to find A(40), the amount available at retirement age 70.

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    This document summarizes the solutions to several differential equation problems: 1) It solves a differential equation by regarding y as the independent variable rather than x, resulting in an equation of the form given on page 43. 2) It uses given terminology to set up a differential equation modeling the change in salt concentration in a tank as water is pumped in and out, and solves it to find the time until only 10kg of salt remains. 3) It derives the differential equation for the amount A(t) in a retirement account with continuous deposits of 12% of an exponentially increasing salary and 6% annual interest, and solves it to find A(40), the amount available at retirement age 70.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    150 views4 pages

    Solutions 1.5-Page 51 Problem 27: DX Dy Ye X

    Uploaded by

    John Philip Monera
    This document summarizes the solutions to several differential equation problems: 1) It solves a differential equation by regarding y as the independent variable rather than x, resulting in an equation of the form given on page 43. 2) It uses given terminology to set up a differential equation modeling the change in salt concentration in a tank as water is pumped in and out, and solves it to find the time until only 10kg of salt remains. 3) It derives the differential equation for the amount A(t) in a retirement account with continuous deposits of 12% of an exponentially increasing salary and 6% annual interest, and solves it to find A(40), the amount available at retirement age 70.

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    Solutions 1.

    5-Page 51

    Problem 27
    Solve the differential equation by regarding y as the independent variable rather than x.

    dy
    ( x + ye y ) =1
    dx

    The differential equation does not yet follow the general form given on pg.43. The
    dy
    derivative term ( ) is differentiating y with respect to x. Since y is the independent
    dx
    dy
    variable, it must be the other way around. Division by , and rearranging terms yields
    dx
    dx
    − x = ye y . This equation follows the form given on pg.43. The integrating factor is
    dy
    ρ ( y) = e ∫
    −1dy
    = e−y

    Multiplying both sides by ρ ( y ) gives


    dx
    e−y − e−y x = y
    dy
    d (e − y x )
    The left hand side is , so the equation becomes
    dy
    d (e − y x )
    =y
    dy
    Integrating both sides gives
    d (e − y x )
    ∫ dy dy = ∫ ydy
    y2
    e−y x = +C
    2
    Dividing by e − y gives

     y2 
    x( y ) = e y  + C 
     2 
    Problem 33
    A tank contains 1000 liters (L) of a solution consisting of 100 kg of salt dissolved in
    water. Pure water is pumped into the tank at the rate of 5 L/s, and the mixture - kept
    uniform by stirring - is pumped out at the same rate. How long will it be until only 10 kg
    of salt remains in the tank?

    Using the terminology consistent with pg.49,


    ri = 5
    ci = 0
    ro = 5
    x(t )
    co (t ) =
    V (t )
    V (t ) = 1000 − (5 − 5)t = 1000
    x(0) = 100

    dx 5x x
    The differential equation is = ri ci − ro co = − =− . The differential equation
    dt 1000 200
    states that the rate of change of salt (x) is equal to the inflow minus the outflow. Since
    there is no inflow of salt (pure water is being pumped in) the rate of change of salt is
    dx dt
    equal to the outflow. Separating variables yields = − . Integrating both
    x 200
    sides gives x(t).
    dx dt
    ∫ x = ∫ − 200
    −t
    ln x = +C
    200
    −t
    ~
    x = Ce 200
    ~
    Where C = e C
    ~
    The initial condition is used to find C .
    −t
    ~ 200
    x(0) = 100 = Ce
    ~
    C = 100
    −t

    x(t ) = 100e 200


    −t

    x = 10 = 100e 200

    t = 460.517 s

    t = 7 minutes and 41 seconds


    Problem 41
    A 30-year-old woman accepts an engineering position with a starting salary of $30000
    per year. Her salary S(t) increases exponentially, with S (t ) = 30e t / 20 thousand dollars
    after t years. Meanwhile, 12% of her salary is deposited continuously in a retirement
    account, which accumulates interest at a continuous annual rate of 6%.
    (a) Estimate ∆A in terms of ∆t to derive the differential equation satisfied by the amount
    A(t ) in her retirement account after t years. (b) Compute A(40), the amount available for
    her retirement at age 70.

    (a) Her retirement increases by 6% per year of what is in the account, plus 12% of her
    yearly salary. In equation form, this becomes ∆A = 0.06 A∆t + 0.12 S∆t . Dividing by
    ∆t and taking the limit as time goes to infinite gives the differential equation.

    dA
    = 0.06 A + 0.12S
    dt
    Substituting in for S gives

    dA
    = 0.06 A + 3.6e t / 20
    dt

    dA
    (b) Rearranging the above differential equation gives − 0.06 A = 3.6e t / 20 . This is a
    dt
    linear first-order equation.
    ρ (t ) = e ∫
    − 0.06 dt
    = e −0.06t

    Multiplying both sides by ρ (t ) gives


    dA
    e −0.06t − .06e −0.06t A = 3.6e −0.01t
    dt
    d (e −0.06t A)
    The left hand side is , so the equation becomes
    dt
    d (e −0.06t A)
    = 3.6e −0.01t
    dt
    Integrating both sides gives
    d (e −0.06t A)
    ∫ dt
    dt = ∫ 3.6e −0.01t dt
    − 0.06 t
    e A = −360e −0.01t + C
    A(t ) = −360e 0.05t + Ce 0.06t

    The initial condition of having nothing in the retirement account is used to solve for C.
    A(0) = 0 = −360 + C
    ∴
    C = 360

    A(t ) = 360(e 0.06t − e 0.05t )


    Substituting t=40 will give the amount in the account when she is 70.

    A(40) = $1,308,283

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