User Manual PDF

DensityPRO C
Gamma Density System

User Guide
P/N 900-748300
Revision D
Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific

DensityPRO C
Gamma Density System
User Guide
P/N 900-748300
Revision D
© 2007 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved.
“Microsoft” and “Windows” are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
United States and/or other countries.
All other trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Thermo Fisher Scientific (Thermo Fisher) makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this
manual. However, we cannot be responsible for errors, omissions, or any loss of data as the result of errors or
omissions. Thermo Fisher reserves the right to make changes to the manual or improvements to the product at
any time without notice.
The material in this manual is proprietary and cannot be reproduced in any form without expressed written
consent from Thermo Fisher.
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Revision History
Revision Level Date Comments
A 03-07 Initial release (ERO 5600).
B 04-07 Revised per ECO 5632.
C 07-07 Revised per ECO 5809.
D 03-08 Revised per ECO 6210.
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide v

Contents
Safety Information .............................................................................................. xi
Safety Considerations .............................................................................xi
Safety Summary .....................................................................................xi
Quick Setup........................................................................................................xiii
Setup....................................................................................................xiii
Standardization ....................................................................................xiii
Calibration........................................................................................... xiv
Common Direct Entry Codes .............................................................. xiv
Chapter 1 Product Overview ............................................................................................. 1-1

Introduction........................................................................................ 1-1
Function ............................................................................................. 1-2
Source .............................................................................................. 1-2
Detector-Transmitter ....................................................................... 1-2
Communications & Measurement Display ...................................... 1-2
Inputs & Outputs ............................................................................ 1-3
Features............................................................................................... 1-3
Dynamic Menu System.................................................................... 1-3
Instantaneous Response.................................................................... 1-3
Multiple Readouts............................................................................ 1-3
Extensive Alarms .............................................................................. 1-4
Totalizers & Batch Control.............................................................. 1-4
Output Signals ................................................................................. 1-4
Additional Documents ........................................................................ 1-4
Chapter 2 User Interface .................................................................................................... 2-1

Start-Up.............................................................................................. 2-1
Entering Data ..................................................................................... 2-1
The Setup Menus................................................................................ 2-1
Direct Entry........................................................................................ 2-2
Locating Direct Entry Codes............................................................ 2-2
Using the Direct Entry Method ....................................................... 2-3
The Measurement Display .................................................................. 2-3
Chapter 3 Basic Configuration.......................................................................................... 3-1

Overview............................................................................................. 3-1
Set up Density..................................................................................... 3-1
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide vii

Contents
Set up Process Alarms.......................................................................... 3-8

Set up Flow Input ............................................................................. 3-11
Standardization ................................................................................. 3-11
Description .................................................................................... 3-11
Using as a Default Calibration Value ............................................. 3-11
Deferring Standardization .............................................................. 3-12
Calibration..................................................................................... 3-12
Chapter 4 Calibration Procedures ....................................................................................4-1

Overview............................................................................................. 4-1
One-Point Calibration ........................................................................ 4-2
Two-Point Calibration........................................................................ 4-4
Process Temperature Learned.............................................................. 4-5
Attenuation Coefficients ..................................................................... 4-5
Density Slope Correction Factor ......................................................... 4-6
Chapter 5 Set up Additional Measurements ..................................................................5-1

Set up Alarms...................................................................................... 5-2
Enable/Disable the Display ................................................................. 5-3
Display Scales...................................................................................... 5-3
Custom Messages ................................................................................ 5-5
Set the Decimal................................................................................... 5-6
Rate Measurements ............................................................................. 5-6
Special Measurements & Equations .................................................... 5-8
Chapter 6 Gauge Fine Tuning ............................................................................................6-1

Time Constant Setup .......................................................................... 6-1
Temperature Compensation Setup...................................................... 6-4
Temperature Input Source ............................................................... 6-4
Temperature Compensation Polynomials......................................... 6-4
Predefined Temperature Polynomials............................................... 6-5
Reference Temperature .................................................................... 6-5
User-Defined Temperature Polynomials .......................................... 6-6
Finding Coefficients......................................................................... 6-6
Using Temperature Compensation during Standardization............. 6-7
Temperature Offset Correction ........................................................ 6-7
Sensor Head Standardization .............................................................. 6-8
When to Standardize........................................................................ 6-8
Standardization Menu Items ............................................................ 6-9
Standardization Service Only Menu Items ..................................... 6-11
Density Gauge Calibration................................................................ 6-13
Flow Input Setup .............................................................................. 6-14
Chapter 7 Current Output, Alarms, & Totalizers.............................................................7-1

Overview............................................................................................. 7-1
viii DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Contents
Modify / Reassign Current Outputs .................................................... 7-2

Fault Alarm Setup & Process Alarm Assignment ................................. 7-4
Set up Alarms to Execute Commands .............................................. 7-4
Assign Actions to Fault, Warning, & Mode Alarms ......................... 7-5
Warning & Fault Alarms............................................................... 7-5
Mode Alarms ................................................................................ 7-6
Totalizer Setup & Control .................................................................. 7-7
Assign Totalizers .............................................................................. 7-7
Set up Totalizer Commands............................................................. 7-8
Chapter 8 Action Items ....................................................................................................... 8-1

Overview............................................................................................. 8-1
Common Action Items ....................................................................... 8-1
Alarm Action Items ............................................................................. 8-3
Hold Action Items .............................................................................. 8-6
Serial Port Related Action Items.......................................................... 8-8
Totalizer Action Items......................................................................... 8-8
Chapter 9 Serial Ports & Special Functions .................................................................. 9-1

Overview............................................................................................. 9-1
Serial Port Setup ................................................................................. 9-1
RS485 Configuration....................................................................... 9-1
Data Transmission Setup ................................................................. 9-4
Party-Line Communications ............................................................... 9-7
Party-Line Modes............................................................................. 9-7
Party-Line Commands ..................................................................... 9-8
Party-Line Limitations ..................................................................... 9-8
Special Functions ................................................................................ 9-9
Multiple Setups.............................................................................. 9-11
Setting Up Custom Units Messages ............................................... 9-12
Chapter 10 Diagnostics & Service Menus ..................................................................... 10-1

Set a Password................................................................................... 10-1
The Diagnostics Menu...................................................................... 10-1
The Snapshot Menu....................................................................... 10-4
User Service & Related Items ............................................................ 10-7
Factory Service & Related Items...................................................... 10-10
Chapter 11 Maintenance.................................................................................................... 11-1

The Source Housing ......................................................................... 11-1
The Electronics Unit......................................................................... 11-1
Replacing the Fuse ......................................................................... 11-1
Board Replacement ........................................................................ 11-2
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide ix

Contents
Chapter 12 Troubleshooting & Service ...........................................................................12-1

General ............................................................................................. 12-1
The Current Output ......................................................................... 12-2
Service & Returns ............................................................................. 12-2
Warranty........................................................................................... 12-3
Appendix A Ordering Information .......................................................................................A-1
Appendix B Specifications...................................................................................................B-1
Appendix C Solution Characterization............................................................................... C-1

Defining a Solution Polynomial ......................................................... C-1
Built-In Polynomial Coefficients........................................................ C-2
Appendix D Attenuation Coefficients .................................................................................D-1
Appendix E Loading New Application Software............................................................. E-1
Appendix F Menu Structure Quick Reference ..................................................................F-1
Appendix G Toxic & Hazardous Substances Tables* .....................................................G-1
x DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Safety Information
This chapter contains information that must be read and understood by all
persons installing, using, or maintaining this equipment.
Safety Failure to follow appropriate safety procedures or inappropriate use of the

equipment described in this manual can lead to equipment damage or
Considerations injury to personnel.
Any person working with or on the equipment described in this manual is
required to evaluate all functions and operations for potential safety hazards
before commencing work. Appropriate precautions must be taken as
necessary to prevent potential damage to equipment or injury to personnel.
The information in this manual is designed to aid personnel to correctly
and safely install, operate, and/or maintain the system described; however,
personnel are still responsible for considering all actions and procedures for
potential hazards or conditions that may not have been anticipated in the
written procedures. If a procedure cannot be performed safely, it must not
be performed until appropriate actions can be taken to ensure the safety
of the equipment and personnel. The procedures in this manual are not
designed to replace or supersede required or common sense safety practices.
All safety warnings listed in any documentation applicable to equipment
and parts used in or with the system described in this manual must be read
and understood prior to working on or with any part of the system.
Failure to correctly perform the instructions and procedures in this
manual or other documents pertaining to this system can result in
equipment malfunction, equipment damage, and/or injury to personnel.
Safetyy Summary The following admonitions are used throughout this manual to alert users
to potential hazards or important information. Failure to heed the
warnings and cautions in this manual can lead to injury or equipment
damage.
Warning Warnings notify users of procedures, practices, conditions, etc.

which may result in injury or death if not carefully observed or followed. ▲
Caution Cautions notify users of operating procedures, practices,

conditions, etc. which may result in equipment damage if not carefully
observed or followed. ▲
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide xi

Safety Information
Safety Summary
Note Notes emphasize important or essential information or a statement of

company policy regarding an operating procedure, practice, condition,
etc. ▲
xii DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Quick Setup
The procedures described in this section assume you will access the menu
items directly. A list of common direct entry codes is provided at the end of
this section, and instructions on using direct entry codes are provided in
Chapter 2.
Setup The minimum data needed to make a density measurement is listed below:
● Pipe inside diameter
● Mea #1 reading for 20.00 mA output
● Mea #1 reading for 4.000 mA output
● Position of decimal in readout 1
● Cal density point 1
● Standardization and/or Calibration
Standardization There are four methods of standardization: on water, on process, deferred,

and other.
Standardization on water is the most common standardization method. In
this case, Cal density point 1 would be .9982 (density of water at 20°C).
Standardization can be done on process by taking process samples during
the standardization cycle. The average of these samples is then entered into
the Cal density point 1. In many cases, no other calibration is needed for
the gauge to operate satisfactorily.
Standardization may be deferred if the process is running and cannot be
stopped to standardize on water or empty pipe. When standardization is
deferred, the standardization is skipped and a calibration is done in the
same manner standardization on process is done. At any time later, the
standardization can be done on water or an empty pipe.
Other methods of standardization are: on an empty pipe, on an empty pipe
with standard block, and on fluid other than the process. When any of
these other methods are used, a first point calibration must be done on
process. The standardization in this case is not associated with any density.
It is only a repeatable radiation condition. The first point calibration is
associated with the standardization through the first point cal density and a
CAL/STD ratio where the ratio is equal to the signal at the cal density
divided by the standardization signal.
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide xiii

Quick Setup
Calibration
Calibration There are two types of calibration: a first point calibration and a second
point calibration.
The two calibration points allow you to have two calibration points in the
region of interest, and standardization can then be used to compensate for
pipe wear and process buildup on the pipe walls. The first point calibration
can be thought of as an offset. It will move the response curve up or down.
The second point calibration is a slope correction. The slope correction
pivots around the first cal point. The slope can be set using the second
point calibration or entered directly.
If the gauge is standardized on water or on process, the standardization
serves as the first calibration point.
Common Direct Table QS–1.

Entry Codes Data Direct Entry Code
Primary measurement 154002
Density units 052012
Pipe inside diameter 048003
Mea #1 reading for 20.00 mA output 114013
Mea #1 reading for 4.000 mA output 115013
Position of decimal in readout 1 112012
Cal density point 1 024003
CAL/STD ratio 086003
STD value from latest cycle 128003
STD value in use 121003
Density slope 049003
Carrier gravity 085003
Solids gravity 083003
Atten. coef of carrier 019003
Atten. coef of solids 020003
Internal value of sensor signal 112003
xiv DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Chapter 1
Product Overview
Introduction The Thermo Scientific DensityPRO C is designed to provide reliable,
accurate process material density measurements for a wide variety of
challenging applications. The instrument is mounted outside of the process
vessel and never contacts the process material. It can also measure the
density of almost any liquid, slurry (solid material in a carrier fluid),
emulsion (two different fluids), or solution (a solute material dissolved in a
solvent fluid).
After the gauge calculates the process material density, it can convert the
measurement into a number of forms. For slurries, the gauge can provide
measurements based on the ratio of solid to carrier. Similar measurements
can be made for emulsions and solutions.
By inputting flow data, the gauge can generate mass flow measurements. It
can also accept a 4–20 mA current output from a magnetic flow sensor. For
applications that require temperature compensation, the gauge accepts a
temperature input to compensate the density measurement for changes in
process temperature.
The gauge consists of the source head, which contains the radioisotope
source, and the detector-transmitter, which contains the scintillator
detector and electronics. The radioisotope source emits gamma radiation
that passes through the process material. The detector measures the energy
of the radiation arriving at the detector after passing through the process
material (and vessel walls). The gauge determines the density of the process
material by measuring the amount of radiation arriving at the detector,
which varies with the density of the process material.
Figure 1–1.
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide 1-1

Product Overview
Function
Function
Source A Cesium (Cs-137) radioisotope source is used for most applications, and a
Cobalt (Co-60) source is available for applications requiring a higher
energy source. The radioisotope is bound in ceramic pellets and doubly
encapsulated in a pair of sealed stainless steel containers. The resulting
source capsule is highly resistant to vibration and mechanical shock.
The source capsule is further enclosed in the source head, a lead-filled,
welded steel housing. A shaped opening in the lead shielding directs the
gamma radiation beam through the process material towards the detector.
Outside of the beam path, the energy escaping the source head is very low
and well within prescribed limits. Closing the source shutter allows the
beam to be turned off (the shutter blocks the radiation) during installation
or servicing of the gauge. All source housings meet or exceed the safety
requirements of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and
Agreement State regulations. Refer to the gamma radiation safety guide
(P/N 717904).
Detector- The gauge uses a scintillator-type detector to measure the radiation

Transmitter reaching the detector from the source. The detector consists of a special
plastic scintillator material and a photomultiplier tube with the associated
electronics. When radiation strikes the plastic scintillator material, small
flashes of light are emitted. As the density of the process material increases,
more gamma radiation is absorbed by the process material and fewer light
pulses are generated by the scintillator material. The photomultiplier tube
and associated detector electronics convert the light pulses into electrical
pulses that are processed to determine the process material density and
related measurement values.
Communications & Communication with the gauge is via the RS485 serial port from the
Measurement Thermo Scientific Handheld Terminal (HHT), a PC running terminal
emulation software, or a standard ANSI or VT-100 terminal. Once the
Display gauge is set up, the primary measurement (density) can be viewed on the
external display and on the remote terminal or HHT.
1-2 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Product Overview
Features
Inputs & Outputs Table 1–2.

Type Characteristics Comments
Input power 115 Vac, 50/60 Hz, 12 VA or The power supply is factory
230 Vac, 50/60 Hz, 12 VA configured for either 115 Vac or
230 Vac, not both
Current output 3.0–20.5 mA dc (adjustable range) Default range is 4–20 mA
Isolated, self-powered, 750 ohm
maximum load
Serial RS485: One terminal block and one Half-duplex communication to PC
communications RJ11 jack or HHT
Flow input 4–20 mA current input Current output from a flow
sensor can be input to the
gauge, which the input to
compute mass flow readouts
Temperature Optional temperature Temperature compensation
compensation compensation board: 100-ohm RTD board/sensor allows the gauge
sensor to compensate the density
measurement for temperature
effects
Features
Dynamic Menu The setup menus enable you to quickly configure the gauge by requiring
System you to enter all of the basic parameters. Additional menu groups contain
fields in which you can enter specialized parameters and commands,
allowing you to customize the gauge for a wide variety of applications.
Instantaneous Thermo Fisher’s Dynamic Process Tracking (DPT) ensures there is no lag
Response time in the system response to significant changes in process density. When
changes occur, the DPT feature reduces the normal averaging time
constant by a factor of eight, ensuring a rapid, smooth output response.
When the process stabilizes, a longer time constant is applied to reduce the
fluctuations inherent in radiation-based measurements. In this way, process
density changes are immediately reflected in the transmitter output, while
the effects of statistical variations in the radiation measurement are greatly
reduced.
Multiple Readouts Select up to eight measurement values for display: density, bulk density,
solids concentration, carrier concentration, ratio of solids to carrier, bulk
mass flow, bulk volume flow, and the rate of change of any of these
measurements.

Product Overview
Additional Documents
Extensive Alarms You can set up a maximum of eight process alarms in addition to system
fault alarms and warning alarms.
Totalizers & Batch You can set up a maximum of four independent totalizers to count elapsed
Control time or cumulative mass/volume when a flow input signal is provided and a
mass/volume flow measurement is defined.
Output Signals You can assign any measurement to the 4–20 mA current output, or you
can send the measurement values to a remote terminal or host computer as
serial data.
Additional In addition to this guide, the following documents must be read and
understood by all persons installing, using, or maintaining this equipment:
Documents
● DensityPRO C installation guide (P/N 900-748301)
● Gamma Radiation Safety (P/N 717904)

Chapter 2
User Interface
Start-Up Connect the serial port on a PC (COM1 or COM2) to the instrument’s
RS485 serial port using a RS485/RS232 adapter. This connection enables
you to communicate with the gauge from a PC running terminal emulation
software.
Entering Data The table below provides descriptions of the keys used to operate the gauge.
Table 2–1.
Key Action
Right arrow Enter the setup menus and step through the top-level menu
headings. Also use to scroll through the list of menu options.
Up arrow Returns you to the previous menu item or allows you to scroll through
menu items in the reverse direction.
Left arrow Returns you to the previous option.
Down arrow Press to select an option and continue to the next menu item.
Period Press to enter a decimal. Press twice to enter the decimal in
scientific notation. If you are entering data from a terminal keyboard,
you can type E or e before entering the exponent value rather than
pressing the decimal key twice.
Number keys Use to enter data values.
The Setup The setup menus provide you with a step-by-step procedure for entering
the data required for gauge operation. In each menu item, data values that
Menus can be entered or changed are flashing. When accessing the setup menus,
the display times out and returns to the measurement display if no entries
are made for five minutes. Changes or entries you made up to that point
are saved and used by the gauge. Continue with the setup by using the
arrow keys to return to the menu most recently accessed. To exit, press
EXIT SETUP on the HHT or x on the terminal keyboard. This saves any
changes you made and returns you to the measurement display.

User Interface
Direct Entry
Direct Entry The direct entry method allows you to bypass the menu structure and
directly access a specific menu item. Note that most menu items display a
slightly different message when accessed directly. In order to use the direct
entry method, you must know the direct entry code (keypad code). Data
entry codes have six-digit entry codes, and commands have one-digit, two-
digit, or three-digit entry codes.
To find the direct entry code for a particular menu item:
1. Scroll to the desired menu item.
2. If the menu item is NOT for a floating point number entry (an entry
containing a decimal point), press the period key to display the direct
entry code information screen.
If the menu item IS for a floating point entry, press the period key
followed by the up arrow to display the direct entry code information
screen.
Note Use the direct entry method with caution. When entering or
changing a parameter value for one menu item, you may also need to enter
or modify the value of other menu items. ▲
Locating
cating Direct Entry Following is an example of how to locate a direct entry code for a menu
Codes item that is not for a floating point number entry.
At the Sensor Uses screen, press the period. The following screen displays
the keyboard code – 005002. Enter this number to access this menu item
using the direct entry method. Press the down arrow to return to the
previous screen.
Figure 2–1.

User Interface
The Measurement Display
Following is an example of how to locate a direct entry code for a menu

item that is for a floating point number entry.
At the Pipe Inside Diameter screen, press the period followed by the up
arrow. The following screen displays the keyboard code – 048003. Press
the down arrow to return to the previous screen.
Figure 2–2.
Using the Direct Entry Following is an example of how to use the direct entry code to access the
Method Pipe ID screen directly.
1. From the measurement display, press EXIT SETUP on the keypad or x

on a remote terminal keyboard.
2. Enter the direct entry code (048003) in the screen that follows.
Figure 2–3.
3. Press the down arrow.
4. The Pipe ID screen is displayed. Press EXIT SETUP key to retain the
value or change it if necessary.
The Measurement When you have completed setting up the gauge, the measurement display
shows the primary (density or density related) measurement along with any
Display additional measurements that you defined in the setup. The measurement
display is shown continuously, except when the setup menus are being
accessed. The displayed measurement values are updated approximately
once every two seconds. All measurements are updated even when they are
not being displayed.

User Interface
The Measurement Display
By default, the fourth line displays the For Setup… message or

alarm/warning messages when they occur. The measurement display can
display up to six measurements by alternating between showing
measurements 1–3 and measurements 4–6. You can also set up the display
to show up to eight measurements by disabling the For Setup… message.
Figure 2–4. Example density measurement

Chapter 3
Basic Configuration
Overview
Figure 3–1.
The first time you apply power to the gauge, the message shown in Figure
3–1 should display. If the message does not appear, the gauge has been at
least partially set up. If you are unsure about what settings have been
entered or if the gauge has been moved to a new location, we recommend
that you reset the gauge to the factory defaults and then set up the gauge.
Use command 82 to clear all entries except for the communication settings.
Use command 74 to reset all entries, including the communication
settings, to the factory defaults. The measurement display appears. Press the
right arrow to move to the Set up Density & Flow menu (Figure 3–2).
Figure 3–2.
Set up Density 1. At the Set up Density & Flow menu, press the down arrow to begin
setting up the gauge.
2. At the next menu item, press the down arrow to access the remaining
density menu items. Press the left arrow to exit the setup menu.
Figure 3–3.

Basic Configuration
Set up Density
Note Help screens (Figure 3–4) can assist you with the setup process.
Press the right arrow to access the screens or the down arrow to
proceed to the next menu item. ▲
Figure 3–4.
3. Specify the source head model. The gauge tunes responses using a
geometry factor associated with the selected head model. Scroll through
the source head models by pressing the right arrow repeatedly. Press
the down arrow to continue.
Figure 3–5.
If your gauge head type is not listed, select user’s geometry factor. An
additional item is displayed that allows you to enter a custom geometry
factor. Contact the factory for assistance with determining the correct
geometry factor for your gauge head type. The default geometry factor
is 0.85.
4. Select the material type that best matches your process material.
Figure 3–6.
Note If you want to measure the overall density of the process material
only, you can select single-phase regardless of the material’s makeup. ▲

Basic Configuration
Set up Density
Note The basic setup does not include gamma ray attenuation coefficients.
The default settings are usually adequate; however, you should change
attenuation coefficients in certain situations or if your source is not Cs-137.
Refer to Appendix D. ▲
5. After you select the material type, additional menu items are displayed
that allow you to enter the required specific gravity values for that
material type.
● If you select slurry, enter the carrier gravity (specific gravity of the
carrier liquid) in g/cc. The default value is 0.9982, the correct value
for water at 20°C (68°F). Enter the solids gravity (the dry solid
density of suspended solids) in g/cc. The default value is 3.0 g/cc.
● If you select solution, enter the solvent gravity (the specific gravity
of the solvent liquid) in g/cc. The default value is 0.9982, the
correct value for water at 20°C (68°F).
At the next screen, enter the solution characterization (the setting
that relates the solution’s density to its concentration) using a
polynomial formula. You can select one of several aqueous solutions
for which the gauge has built-in polynomials. Each built-in solution
is listed with the concentration range over which the setting can be
used. For example, if you select D-Fructose 0-60%, the gauge can
measure fructose concentrations up to 60% in water.
If the correct solution is not listed, refer to Appendix C for
information about entering a user-defined solution characterization
polynomial or break point table.
● Select single-phase when it is unnecessary or impossible to describe
the process material as slurry, emulsion, or solution. For example,
foam plastic, a mixture of plastic and gas, might be measured as a
single-phase material if the gas in the mixture only varies the
material’s density and has little effect on the measurement.
● For an emulsion, the Fluid_1 Gravity is the specific gravity of the
carrier liquid in g/cc. The default value is 0.9982, the correct value
for water at 20°C (68°F). The Fluid_2 Gravity is the specific gravity
of the suspended liquid in g/cc. The default value is 3.0 g/cc.

Basic Configuration
Set up Density
6. Material density varies with temperature. In many applications, this

variation is insignificant. However, for certain materials, temperature
compensation is required to provide accurate density measurements as
the process temperature changes. For example, temperature
compensation may be required for solutions or emulsions (and in some
cases, for slurries) if the solids gravity is less than 2.0. In these cases, this
menu item is displayed. Because the Process Temperature
Compensation Setup menu item can always be accessed from the
Gauge Fine Tuning menu (Chapter 6), specific instructions on setting
up temperature compensation are provided in that section.
Figure 3–7.
Note To use temperature compensation, specify material densities that are

correct at a reference temperature outside the expected process temperature
range. The default reference temperature is 20°C (68°F). ▲
7. By default, the primary measurement is displayed as readout #1 and is

assigned to the current output signal. The primary measurement
cannot involve mass or flow; these must be assigned as additional
measurements (Chapter 5). Available primary measurement types are
provided in the table below.
Figure 3–8.

Basic Configuration
Set up Density
Table 3–1.
Measurement Type Description
Density The ratio of mass to volume. For example, a material has a density of 500 g/L if 1 L of the material
weighs 500 g on a balance scale.
Bulk density If you selected a solution or single-phase material type and have set up temperature compensation, the
density value is compensated for temperature. The value displayed is the density as it would be at the
reference temperature. In this situation, you could select bulk density to measure and display the
uncompensated density of the material at the process temperature.
Solids content/vol For slurry material types. The concentration, or mass, of solids suspended in a volume of slurry. For
example, if 1 L of slurry contains 270 g of suspended solids, the slurry has a solids concentration of 270
g/L.
Carrier content/vol For slurry material types. The concentration, or mass, of carrier in a volume of slurry. If 1 L of slurry
contains 910 g of carrier liquid, the slurry has a carrier concentration of 910 g/L.
Solids/carrier For slurry material types. The ratio of suspended solids mass to the volume of the carrier liquid. For
example, if 2 lb. of solids are mixed with every 1 gal. of carrier liquid, the slurry has a solids/carrier
ratio of 2 lb./gal. Note that in some applications, this measurement is called “pounds of sand added”
because it measures the mass of solids added to a volume of carrier.
Percent by weight For slurry material types. The percentage of a component that makes up the process material’s mass.
solids/carrier For example, the slurry is 30% by weight solids if 1 kg of material contains 300 g of suspended solids.
Percent by volume For slurry material types. The percentage of a component that makes up the process material’s volume.
solids/carrier If 1 L of material contains 800 mL of liquid carrier, the slurry is 80% by volume liquid and 20% by
volume solids.
Solute content/vol For solution material types. The concentration, or mass, of solute dissolved in a volume of solution
(similar to the solids content/vol selection for slurries).
Solvent content/vol For solution material types. The concentration, or mass, of solvent in a volume of solution (similar to
the carrier content/vol selection for slurries).
Solute/solvent For solution material types. This measurement is similar to the solids/carrier measurement for slurries.
Percent by weight For solution material types. This measurement is similar to the percent by weight solids/carrier
solvent/solute measurement for slurries.
Percent by volume For solution material types. This measurement is similar to the percent by volume solids/carrier
solvent/solute measurement for slurries.
Fluid_2 content/vol For emulsion material types. The concentration, or mass, of fluid_2 suspended in a volume of emulsion
(similar to the solids content/vol selection for slurries).
Fluid_1 content/vol For emulsion material types. The concentration, or mass, of fluid_1 suspended in a volume of emulsion
(similar to the carrier content/vol selection for slurries).
Fluid_2/Fluid_1 For emulsion material types. This measurement is similar to the solids/ carrier measurement for
slurries.
Percent by weight For emulsion material types. This measurement is similar to the percent by weight solids/carrier
Fluid_2/Fluid_1 measurement for slurries.
Percent by volume For emulsion material types. This measurement is similar to the percent by volume solids/carrier
Fluid_2/Fluid_1 measurement for slurries.

Basic Configuration
Set up Density
8. Access the Display Units menu item to change the type of units that is
displayed. The default is All (display English and metric units).
Figure 3–9.
9. Select the primary measurement units.
Figure 3–10.
The units available for the primary measurement display are listed in
the table below.
Table 3–2.
Displayed Unit Comment
g/mL gram/milliliter
lb/US gal pound/gallon (U.S. liquid)
lb/UK gal pound/gallon (UK or imperial gal.)
lb/cu ft pound/cubic foot
ston/cu yd short ton (2000 pounds)/cubic yard
lb/cu yd pound/cubic yard
lton/cu yd long ton (2240 pounds)/cubic yard
g/l gram/liter
oz/cu in ounce/cubic inch
lb/cu in pound/cubic inch
g/cu in gram/cubic inch
deg API degree American Petroleum Institute
deg Be (L) degree Baumé, light scale
deg Be (H) degree Baumé, heavy scale
deg Tw degree Twaddle

Basic Configuration
Set up Density
10. Specify the unit applied to the pipe inside diameter.
Figure 3–11.
11. Enter the pipe inside diameter in the unit selected in step 9. Note that
if the gauge head installation uses a Z pipe mount, you should select Z
pipe in the Sensor Uses menu item (step 3).
Figure 3–12.
12. By default, the 4–20 mA current output is assigned to the primary or

density measurement (measurement #1). These menu items prompt
you to specify the measurement values that correspond to the
maximum and minimum current output values. Note that the range for
the primary measurement value specified for the current output does
not affect the range of the measurement values that are displayed.
Figure 3–13.
Note The operational range for current output can be set anywhere within
the 3.8–20.5 mA range. The default range is 4–20 mA. The Fault Low and
Fault High current output levels are 3.6 mA or lower and 20.8 mA or
higher, respectively. ▲

Basic Configuration
Set up Process Alarms
13. The Display Scale menu items are enabled if you specify a value greater
than 9999 for the maximum current output. Display scaling allows
values ranging from 0 to 100000 to be scaled by a factor of 100 to a
range of 0 to 1000. This prevents the displayed values from exceeding
the limits of the four-digit numerical display. Because these menu items
can always be accessed from the Set up Additional Measurements menu
(Chapter 5), specific instructions on setting up this function are
addressed in that section.
Figure 3–14.
14. Set the decimal position for the primary measurement readout. The
decimal position only affects how the measurement value is displayed.
It has no effect on the precision of the internal value of the
measurement computed by the gauge.
Figure 3–15.
Set up Process The Set up Alarm menus allow you to assign and set up a process alarm for
the primary measurement. You can set up to eight process alarms. We
Alarms recommend keeping a written record of the setup (assigned measurement,
set point, clear point, etc.) for each alarm.
Figure 3–16.
By default, all process alarms are assigned to measurement #1. After you set
up additional measurements (Chapter 5), you can assign process alarms to
these measurements also.

Basic Configuration
1. If you have more than one measurement set up, you must first assign
an alarm to the measurement (Chapter 7).
2. From the Set up Alarm menu, press the right arrow to access the menu
items.
3. Enter a set point, the measurement value at which the alarm activates.
Figure 3–17.
4. Enter the clear point value, the measurement value at which the alarm
clears. This value determines whether the alarm is a low limit or high
limit alarm. A low limit alarm is an alarm for which the set point value
is less than the clear point value. In this case, the alarm activates if the
measurement value falls below the set point value and remains active
until the measurement value is greater than the clear point value.
Conversely, you can set up a high limit alarm, which is an alarm for
which the set point value is greater than the clear point value. In this
case, the alarm activates if the measurement value becomes greater than
the set point value and remains active until the measurement value falls
below the clear point value.
Figure 3–18.

Basic Configuration
5. Specify the action used to indicate when the alarm is activated. The
default is to do nothing. Press the right arrow repeatedly to scroll
through the following options:
● Output 1 to Fault Low: Hold current output at fault low
(approximately 3 mA).
● Output 1 to Fault High: Hold current output at fault high
(approximately 21 mA).
● #1 act on ALM action: Execute a command pair assigned as the #1
action when the alarm activates/clears. This option is only displayed
if an alarm action is assigned (“Assign Actions to Fault, Warning,
and Mode Alarms” in Chapter 7).
Figure 3–19.
6. Set up another alarm by pressing the right arrow, or continue to the

next section by pressing the down arrow.
Figure 3–20.
Note Although additional menu items are located within the Set up
Density menu, you have completed basic configuration of the gauge. ▲

Basic Configuration
Set up Flow Input
Set up Flow The gauge can accept a 4–20 mA current input signal from an external
flowmeter. This submenu prompts you to enter the parameters required to
Input set up the flow inputs and the units for volume and mass flow
measurements. These parameters must be set up before flow-related
measurements are available.
This item is also available within the Gauge Fine Tuning menu chain.
Refer to Chapter 6 for specific instructions on configuring these
parameters.
Figure 3–21.
Standardization
Description The standardization measurement provides the gauge with a standard
configuration reference point. During the standardization cycle, the gauge
averages the detector signal. The default cycle time lasts about 17 minutes.
This averaged detector signal provides a repeatable measurement of the
signal produced in the standard configuration.
Once the standardization measurement is completed, it can be repeated
later to compensate for any changes, such as increased attenuation due to
process material buildup on the pipe walls. The gauge can then adjust the
calibration values based on the new standardization value. The calibration
values are adjusted automatically whenever a new standardization is
performed. Thus, it is not necessary to repeat the calibration
measurements.
The Sensor Head Standardization menu provides additional menu items
that allow you to adjust the length of the standardization cycle and how the
standardization value is compensated to account for the reduced source
level due to radioactive decay. Detailed instructions are provided in
Chapter 6.
Using as a Default By default, the gauge uses carrier gravity as the calibration (CAL) point.
Calibration Value For some applications, this default CAL point may provide adequate
measurement accuracy without performing any additional calibration
measurements. For example, if the standardization is performed on a pipe
full of clean carry (for a slurry material type) and solids concentration is
selected as the primary measurement, the measurement readout should be
reasonably accurate.

Basic Configuration
Standardization
Deferring Although we recommend performing the standardization measurement

Standardization after setting up the gauge, you may defer the process if it is not convenient
or possible to empty or fill the pipe with reference fluid to perform the
measurement. In this case, you can proceed directly to the calibration
procedure (Chapter 4). The gauge uses a “dummy” standard value for its
calculations until the standardization measurement is performed.
It is recommended that you set up a standard configuration and perform
standardization as soon as possible and then update the standardization
measurement when needed. This is generally much easier than having to
repeat the calibration measurement(s) when changing conditions affect the
measurement.
Calibration Calibration procedures are discussed in Chapter 4.

Chapter 4
Calibration Procedures
Overview
verview When the gauge requires calibration, a one-point calibration measurement
is adequate for many applications. The calibration measurement should be
performed on actual process material with a density near the nominal
process density expected during normal operation. In general, it is necessary
to take samples of the process material to determine the process density at
the time of the calibration measurement.
A one-point calibration provides a reference measurement at one density in
the range of interest. The gauge is able to measure other density values by
calculating the change in density corresponding to the change in the
detector signal using information about the source head (geometry factor),
the pipe dimension, and the process material.
If greater measurement accuracy is required, a two-point calibration
measurement can be performed. The second calibration measurement
applies a slope correction factor to the calculation that is used by the gauge
to convert the detector signal to the material density. When using a two-
point calibration, perform the first-point calibration on process material
with a density near one end (high or low) of the operational density range.
Perform the second calibration measurement on process material with a
density near the opposite end of the range.
Note If temperature compensation is active when you calibrate on a

solution or single-phase material, determine the density of the process
sample(s) at the reference temperature. ▲
Note The calibration density value must be entered in terms of the

measurement type and units selected for the primary measurement. ▲

One-Point Calibration
Access the calibration menu chain via the Set up Density menu (Chapter 2)
or the Density Gauge Calibration menu (Chapter 6).
Figure 4–1.
One-Point
ne-Point The calibration measurement replaces any previous CAL point 1. The
accuracy of the gauge’s density measurement depends on how accurately
Calibration you can determine the actual density of the process material.
Note We recommend performing the standardization measurement prior

to performing the calibration measurement if possible. ▲
1. Fill the pipe with process material at a density in the range of interest.
Keep the process density as stable as possible during the calibration
measurement, and be prepared to take samples of the material during
the calibration cycle.
2. Leave CAL point 1 as is to perform a one-point calibration.
Figure 4–2.
3. Specify the number of time constant periods used for the calibration
measurement: CAL cycle time = N x time constant. The default value
for N is 8. The default value for the time constant is 128 seconds, and
the calibration cycle time is approximately 17 minutes.
Figure 4–3.

One-Point Calibration
If you shorten the CAL cycle time, the precision of the calibration
measurement is reduced, which can result in reduced measurement
accuracy. Setting the CAL cycle to less than two time constants causes
the cycle to abort automatically.
4. Enter a nonzero value as the CAL density to enable the remainder of

the calibration menu items. If you do not know the exact density value,
enter an approximate value. You can enter the actual density value later.
The value entered for this menu item must be in terms of the
measurement type and units you selected for the primary measurement.
Figure 4–4.
5. Press the right arrow to begin the calibration measurement. By default,

the calibration cycle lasts about 17 minutes. After starting the
calibration measurement, a menu item is displayed that allows you to
abort the calibration measurement, continue with the setup menus, or
return to the measurement display where a countdown timer displays
the time remaining in the calibration measurement.
During the cycle, take several samples of the process material, and
determine the average of the sample densities.
Figure 4–5.

Two-Point Calibration
6. The Attenuation Coefficient of Carrier item is only displayed for the

one-point calibration. The gauge uses an assumed attenuation
coefficient to calculate the density value from the detector signal. You
can use this value to improve the measurement accuracy.
Figure 4–6.
7. The Attenuation Coefficient of Solids item displays the attenuation

coefficient for the other component of the process material.
Figure 4–7.
Two-Point The reference measurement provided by a one-point calibration allows the

gauge to compute based on the change in the detector signal using
Calibration information about the source head (geometry factor), the pipe dimension,
and the process material. For the best possible accuracy, perform a second
calibration measurement at another density in the range of interest.
Calibrating at another density enables the gauge to take accurate
measurements over the entire range of interest.
The CAL point 2 measurement and density values are used to calculate a
slope correction. Refer to “Density Slope Correction Factor” (later in this
chapter) for more on the gauge response curve. The gauge uses this slope
correction and the CAL 1 measurement to compute the final density value.
The process densities for a two-point calibration should be selected at
opposite ends (maximum and minimum) of the density range of interest. If
the difference between the process densities at the calibration points is too
small, the measurement accuracy can actually be degraded by the second
CAL measurement rather than improved.

Process Temperature Learned
The procedure for the two-point calibration is essentially the same as for a
one-point calibration:
1. Prepare to calibrate and take samples as described for the one-point

calibration, but fill the pipe with process material of a different density.
It can be either more or less dense than the density used for CAL point
1, but make it as different as is practical within the range of interest.
2. Start the calibration cycle and take samples exactly as you did for CAL
point 1.
3. When the cycle is finished, return to the calibration menu, if necessary,

and step down to the CAL Point 2 menu item. Enter the actual density
of the samples you took.
Process If you have set up temperature compensation, this menu item displays the
process temperature that was measured during the most recent calibration
Temperature cycle. This value is displayed until you execute the Use Latest CAL Value
Learned command. At this point, the gauge begins using the value for either the first
or second CAL point.
1. CAL #1 temperature: If you have set up temperature compensation,

this menu item displays the process temperature that is used for the first
calibration point.
2. CAL #2 temperature: If you have set up temperature compensation and

have performed a two-point calibration, this menu item displays the
process temperature that is used for the second calibration point.
Attenuation In order for the gauge to calculate the density based on the detector signal,
it must assume a value for the attenuation coefficient for each component
Coefficients of the process material (carrier and solids for slurries, solvent and solute for
solutions, etc.). The attenuation coefficient is a measure of how well a
material blocks gamma rays. For typical slurries using a Cs-137 source, the
default coefficients of 0.086 for the carrier (water) and 0.077 for solids
(good for many minerals) generally provide good results. If you are using a
Co-60 source, you should change the coefficients to 0.065 for the carrier
(water) and 0.058 for solids (minerals).

Density Slope Correction Factor
You may need to fine tune the gauge by entering coefficients specific to
your process material. In particular, you may need to adjust the attenuation
coefficients if any of the conditions listed below are true for your
application:
● Only a very narrow range of density values are of interest
● The carrier is not water
● The process material contains a significant amount of hydrogen
● The process material contains a significant amount of elements with an
atomic number greater than 56 (atomic number of Barium)
Appendix D lists the attenuation coefficients for the individual elements
and describes how to determine the attenuation coefficient for a process
component from the attenuation coefficients of the individual elements.
Contact Thermo Fisher if you need assistance determining the correct
attenuation coefficient for your process material.
Density
ensity Slope This menu item displays the density slope correction factor. The value is
normally computed based on the value for CAL density point 2 and the
Correction Factor CAL 2 calibration measurement. In some cases, it may be useful to adjust
this value manually to match the gauge’s output to a sample density rather
than perform a two-point calibration measurement.
Figure 4–8.
Note If the CAL 1 density value is not accurate, adjusting this factor to
match the gauge’s output to a second sample density may actually degrade
the overall measurement accuracy. ▲

Chapter 5
Set up Additional Measurements
The primary measurement (measurement 1) is set up using the Set up
Density menu as detailed earlier in this guide. Up to seven additional
measurements can be defined using the Set up Additional Measurements
menu group.
The first time you access this menu, the Assign & Set up Measurement 2
menu appears. Measurement 1 is assigned to the primary measurement by
default. After setting up each additional measurement, you are prompted to
assign and set up the next measurement.
Figure 5–1.
Note It is good practice to make a list of all the measurements you set up
for future reference. ▲
1. Press the right arrow repeatedly to scroll through the available options.
Press the down arrow to accept the currently displayed measurement
type and continue to the next menu item.
Figure 5–2.

Set up Alarms
In addition to the usual density related measurements, you can select

among the measurements listed below:
● Any material type: bulk mass flow, bulk volume flow, velocity
ft./sec., velocity m/sec., temperature (°C)*, temperature (°F)*
*Temperature readouts are available only if you have selected a
temperature input in the Process Temperature Compensation
Setup menu.
● Slurry material type: solids mass flow, carrier mass flow, solids
volume flow, carrier volume flow, bulk solids flow
● Solution material type: solute mass flow, solvent mass flow, solute
volume flow, solvent volume flow, bulk solute flow
● Single-phase material type: Fluid_2 mass flow, Fluid_1 mass flow,
Fluid_2 volume flow, Fluid_1 volume flow, bulk solute flow
2. Select the units for the measurement type.
Figure 5–3.
Set up Alarms Once you have set up additional measurements, you can assign alarms to
them. By default, all alarms are assigned to the primary measurement. Refer
to “Fault Alarm Setup and Process Alarm Assignment” in Chapter 7 for
instructions on how to assign alarms to the additional measurements. You
can then set up the alarms for the additional measurements the same way
you set up alarms for the primary measurement (“Set up Process Alarms” in
Chapter 3).
Figure 5–4.

Enable/Disable the Display
Enable/Disable the Access this menu item to select whether to display the measurement value.
If you choose not to display the measurement value, you can still use the
Display measurement to drive alarms or the current output.
Figure 5–5.
Display Scales Measurement readout values are displayed using four numeric digits and a
decimal point. The menu items described in this section allow you to scale
the displayed readout values. The display scaling menu items are enabled
when a value greater than 9999 is entered for the highest expected reading
menu item. For example, if you set up a flow measurement and expect
readings in the range of 30000 to 40000 gal./day, you can scale the readout
by a factor of 1000 so that the range of the flow readout is 30.00 to 40.00.
Display scaling does not change the units displayed for the readout.
If the measurement is assigned to drive the current output, the Reading for
20.00 mA Output and Reading for 4.000 mA Output menu items (Figure
3–15) are displayed instead of the Highest Expected Reading and Lowest
Expected Reading menu items. For display scaling purposes, these menu
items are equivalent. Display scaling only affects the displayed readout
value, not the actual measurement value computed by the gauge. The
actual values (not scaled) are used for any alarms you assign to this
measurement.
Figure 5–6.

Display Scales
1. If you expect the maximum measurement readout to exceed four digits

(value greater than 9999), enter an estimate of the maximum
measurement value in the Highest Expected Reading item. If you set a
highest expected reading value of 10000 or greater (more than four
digits), three additional menu items are displayed that allow you to set
up display scaling so the gauge’s display is meaningful throughout the
expected range. The value for the highest expected reading is not
critical; pick a convenient number with the correct order of magnitude.
If the actual measurement exceeds the range you expect, the readout
still displays the correct, scaled measurement value as long as the scaled
value can be displayed in four digits. In the example where 40000
gal./day is scaled by a factor of 1000 to read 40.00 on the display, if the
gauge measures 43875 gal./day, the displayed value is 43.88. Any value
up to 99990 can be displayed correctly (divided by 1000 and displayed
as 99.99).
2. The Lowest Expected Reading item is displayed if you set a highest

expected reading value greater than 9999 for a measurement. To scale
the displayed value by a constant factor (displayed value = actual
value/10), leave this parameter and the Scale to Low End Readout
menu item (Figure 5–8) set to zero. If you scale both the highest
expected and the lowest expected readings, the gauge performs an
interpolation to scale the actual measured value from the range
specified by the highest and lowest expected readings to the range
specified by the scale high end and low end readout values.
3. The Scale to High End Readout item is displayed if you set a highest
expected reading value greater than 9999 for a measurement. Enter the
desired readout value to be displayed for the highest expected reading.
For example, to scale a highest expected reading value of 40000 to a
display value of 40.00, enter “40.00” for the high end readout value.
Figure 5–7.

Custom Messages
4. The Scale to Low End Readout item is displayed if you set a highest
expected reading value greater than 9999 for a measurement. Enter the
desired readout value to be displayed for the lowest expected reading.
To scale the displayed value by a constant factor (displayed value =
actual value/1000), leave this parameter and the lowest expected
reading parameter set to zero. If you scale both the highest expected
reading and the lowest expected reading, the gauge performs an
interpolation to scale the actual measured value from the range
specified by the highest and lowest expected readings to the range
specified by the scale high end and low end readout values.
Figure 5–8.
Custom Messages The Custom Units Messages item is displayed if you set a highest expected
reading value greater than 9999. By default, the original units are displayed
for the scaled value on the measurement display. This menu item allows
you to set up a user-defined units message up to ten characters long. If the
flow measurement with units of gal./day is scaled by a factor of 1000, the
displayed value has units of Kgal./day. In this case, you can set up a custom
units message to read “kgal/d”. Up to eight custom messages with a can be
defined using any combination of ASCII characters. These menu items can
be accessed via the Special Functions menu (Chapter 9).
Figure 5–9.

Set the Decimal
Set the
he Decimal Press the right and left arrows to position the decimal point in the value
displayed for the measurement readout.
Figure 5–10.
Note You have completed setting up this additional measurement. Press

the down arrow to continue to the final setup screen (Figure 5–11). From
this screen, press the left arrow to exit the additional measurement setup
menus or the down arrow to set up another measurement. Follow the same
procedures to set up additional measurements. ▲
Figure 5–11.
Rate The rate measurement computes the time rate of change for the selected
measurement.
Measurements
1. Select the measurement for which you want to compute the rate of
change.
Figure 5–12.

Rate Measurements
2. Set a threshold for the minimum change required before a rate value is
computed. Once a rate value is computed (the change in the
measurement exceeds the threshold), a new rate is computed when the
threshold is again exceeded or when the change in the measurement
should have exceeded the threshold based on the last computed rate
estimate. This allows the estimated rate to settle back towards zero if
the change in the process measurement stops.
Figure 5–13.
3. Set the degree of smoothing applied to reduce fluctuations in the rate

measurement using exponential averaging. A factor of 1.0 corresponds
to no smoothing (estimated rate equals the last computed rate). Use a
smaller rate smoothing factor if the measurement tends to fluctuate
rapidly, resulting in noisy rate readouts. The minimum factor is 0.01
and corresponds to the greatest amount of smoothing.
Figure 5–14.
4. Select the time interval associated with the rate measurement. For
example, you can measure the change in density per second, per
minute, etc. Select one of the following time intervals: s (seconds), m
(minutes), h (hours), or d (days).
Figure 5–15.

Special Measurements & Equations
Special If you select the special measurement type, you are prompted to enter the
four-digit code for the measurement. These special measurements are
Measurements & typically used for diagnostic purposes and are only available if Service Only
Equations items are enabled (“Special Functions” in Chapter 9 or “User Service &
Related Items” in Chapter 10).
There are three special measurement codes with three digits each that
invoke the special equations function. The special equations allow the value
from the flow measurement (based on the 4–20 mA flow input) to be
combined with a function of the density measurement from the gauge,
f(density), to create a new measurement value. The special equations have
the following form:
Value = M1/M2,
where
M1 = A1 * f(density) + B1 * Flow + C1 * f(density) * Flow + D1
M2 = A2 * f(density) + B2 * Flow + C2 * f(density) * Flow + D2
A1, B1, C1, D1, A2, B2, C2, and D2 = user-defined constants
The values for density and flow measurements are converted from the user-
defined units to CGS units (centimeter, gram, second) before being used in
the special equations. The default values for the user-defined coefficients
are all zero, except D2 = 1 so that the denominator value (M2) is not zero.
The function of density, f(density), depends on the special measurement
code:
● 147: f(density) = density
● 148: f(density) = sqrt(density)
● 149: f(density) = (density)2

Chapter 6
Gauge Fine Tuning
After completing the basic setup, you can use the Gauge Fine Tuning
menus to modify the gauge’s time constant or to perform additional
standardization or calibration cycles.
Figure 6–1.
Time Constant 1. The Time Constant Setup menu item lets you modify the gauge time
constant and related items. Press the right arrow to access the menu
Setup items.
Figure 6–2.
2. A certain amount of noise or fluctuation is inherent in any radiation-

based measurement. The effectiveness of the gauge’s filtering to reduce
the effect of statistical variations in the radiation measurement depends
on the primary time constant. Increase the density signal time constant
to improve the measurement stability at the expense of increasing the
response time of the gauge to process changes. The larger the time
constant, the less variability (due to randomness inherent in counting
radiation events) in the measurement. Decrease the time constant to
improve the gauge’s response at the expense of increased measurement
fluctuations.

Gauge Fine Tuning
Time Constant Setup
The default setting for the time constant is 128 seconds. The time
constant also determines the cycle time for standardization and
calibration.
Figure 6–3.
3. Dynamic Tracking can also be accessed via the Special Functions menu
(Chapter 9). Do not disable dynamic tracking during normal
operation.
Figure 6–4.
4. The Source Half Life item is only displayed if the Service Only items
are enabled (“Special Functions” in Chapter 9 or “User Service &
Related Items” in Chapter 10). The gauge uses this value to adjust the
standardization value for source decay. The default value, 30.0 years,
corresponds to the half-life for Cs-137 (30.17 years). The half-life for
Co-60 is 5.27 years.
Figure 6–5.

Gauge Fine Tuning
Time Constant Setup
5. The default alternate time constant is 8 seconds. This value is typically

set to a much shorter time than the primary time constant. During
periods when the process is known to be changing, switching from the
primary time constant to the shorter, alternate time constant makes
measurements more responsive but less stable. Switch to the longer
time constant when the process has again stabilized to increase the
measurement stability.
Figure 6–6.
Do not confuse the alternate time constant with the built-in Dynamic
Process Tracking (DPT). The DPT time constant is automatically used
when a sudden change in the process is detected. The DPT time
constant is a factor of eight smaller (faster) than the time constant in
use, whether it is the primary or alternate time constant.
6. The alternate time constant is not used for any gauge function until
you enable it, either by pressing the right arrow from this menu item
(shown in Figure 6–7) or by entering command 53. The command to
switch to the primary constant is 54.
Figure 6–7.

Gauge Fine Tuning
Temperature Compensation Setup
Temperature Temperature compensation was introduced in Chapter 3, but as this menu

item can always be accessed from the Gauge Fine Tuning menu, a more
Compensation Setup detailed explanation is provided here.
Temperature Input Use this menu item to select the source of the temperature input signal.
Source Source options are listed below:
● Not used: If selected, the remaining temperature compensation menu
items are not displayed, and temperature compensation is not
performed.
● 100-ohm American RTD: Select if the optional temperature signal
amplifier/temperature sensor (RTD) is installed.
● Manual entry: Useful if the process temperature only changes
seasonally.
● Via serial port: Enables the process temperature to be input using the
RS485 serial port. Specify which serial port to use, the parameter
number to interpret as the temperature input, and the unit number of
the gauge sending the temperature data.
Temperature The gauge uses polynomial equations to compute the change in density of
Compensation the process material(s) as a function of the change in temperature relative to
the reference temperature. You are prompted to define temperature
Polynomials compensation polynomials based on the selected material type. Refer to the
following table.
Table 6–1.
Material Type Polynomial to Description
Define
Slurry Carrier Specifies density change of the carrier as process
temperature changes.
Solids Specifies density change of the suspended solids
as process temperature changes.
Solution Solvent Specifies density change of the solvent as process
Solution Specifies density change of the entire solution
(solvent and solute combined) as process
Single-phase Reference fluid Specifies density change of the reference fluid
used for the standard configuration as
Product Specifies density change of actual process
material as process material changes.

Gauge Fine Tuning
Material Type Polynomial to Description

Define
Emulsion Fluid_1 Gives the density change of fluid_1 (carrier) as
process temperature changes.
Fluid_2 Gives density change of fluid_2 (suspended liquid)
the process temperature changes.
Predefined The gauge includes a predefined temperature compensation polynomial

Temperature that can be selected for a water-based carrier (slurry), solvent (solution),
reference fluid (single-phase), or fluid_1 (emulsion). This polynomial
Polynomials (H2O, < 90 C, REF 20) is suitable for water at temperatures less than 90°C
(194°F) with a reference temperature of 20°C (68°F).
If you select solution as the material type, predefined temperature
compensation polynomials are provided for sugar solutions at four different
concentrations: 10%, 25%, 50%, or 75%. These polynomials are suitable
for the stated concentrations of sugar in water at temperatures below 90°C
(194°F) with a reference temperature of 20°C (68°F). For all other cases, a
user-defined polynomial must be entered for the temperature compensation
polynomial. User-defined polynomials are discussed later in this chapter.
Reference The gauge performs all of its temperature compensation calculations

Temperature relative to the reference temperature. The default reference temperature is
20°C (68°F). In this manual, the density of a material at the reference
temperature is called its reference density. The density values specified in
the Set up Density menu are used as the reference densities. For example,
the carrier gravity and the solids gravity values are used as the reference
density when the material type is slurry. If you use temperature
compensation, the material density values you enter must be correct at the
reference temperature. For example, the density of water is 0.9982 at a
temperature of 20°C. If you change the reference temperature to 4°C, you
should change the carrier gravity to 1.00.
The reference temperature must be outside the expected range of process
temperatures. For example, if your process temperature varies from 15°C to
50°C, you should select a reference temperature outside that range.
Typically, the reference temperature is selected below the temperature
range of interest.

Gauge Fine Tuning
User-Defined For user-defined temperature compensation polynomials, the gauge

Temperature prompts you to enter three coefficients (A, B, C). These coefficients specify
the relationship between the change in the density of the process material
Polynomials and the change in the process temperature relative to the reference
temperature using the following equation:
Δd = A ΔT + B ΔT 2 + C ΔT 3 ,
where
Δd = change in density due to change in temperature relative to
reference temperature
ΔT = difference between process temperature and reference
temperature
A = slope of the density change (Δd) versus temperature change (ΔT)
response curve; if the response is linear over the temperature of interest
range, higher order coefficients (B and C) not required
B, C = higher order coefficients that can be defined if a linear
approximation to the density change (Δd) versus temperature change
(ΔT) response curve is not adequate
In many cases, a linear approximation to the density change (Δd) versus
temperature change (ΔT) response curve is adequate, and it is only
necessary to define the A coefficient. The higher order coefficients (B, C)
can be set to zero.
Finding Coefficients For many processes, it is adequate to measure the density of a sample at two
temperatures and find the slope of the density change (coefficient A). If
coefficients are required for a second- or third-order temperature
compensation polynomial, contact Thermo Fisher for assistance with
determining the coefficients. To do so, information about the process
material composition is needed. It is likely that density measurements are
also required at one or more sample concentrations, both at the reference
temperature and at two or three different temperatures within the range of
interest.
Note If the process material’s temperature density response formula is

nonlinear (higher order coefficients B and C are not zero), you must
calculate new coefficients if you ever change the reference temperature. ▲

Gauge Fine Tuning
If your process material is not prone to settling or separation, such as a

solution, you can use the gauge to measure sample densities. Temporarily
set the gauge to read out density and temperature with all temperature
compensation coefficients set to zero. Stop the process with the pipe full
and let the material cool down through the range of interest while you
record temperatures and corresponding densities. Also record the density at
the reference temperature.
Note The polynomial equation is based on the change in the density

relative to the reference density and the change in the temperature relative
to the reference temperature, not on the measured values of the density and
temperature. ▲
Using Temperature After you have defined the temperature compensation polynomials, the Use
Compensation during Temperature Compensation on Standardization Cycle menu item is
displayed. If you standardize with the pipe full and the temperature is
Standardization different than the reference temperature, the density during the
standardization measurement may be significantly different from the
reference density value (e.g., the carrier gravity for slurry) than is assumed
to correspond to the standardization. After setting up temperature
compensation, you can compensate for this by enabling the menu item.
With this setting, the gauge uses the process temperature measured at the
end of the standardization cycle and the temperature compensation
polynomial to normalize the standardization measurement to what it would
have been at the reference temperature.
Temperature
mperature Offset Installation differences and other factors might cause the gauge temperature
Correction readout to be somewhat higher or lower than the actual process material
temperature at the gauge head. You can compensate for this by entering a
temperature offset correction. For example, if the gauge consistently reads
2°C over the actual process temperature, enter an offset correction of -2°C.

Gauge Fine Tuning
Sensor Head Standardization
Sensor Head
Standardization
Note If you plan to use temperature compensation and if temperature has
significant effect on your process, set up temperature compensation before
standardizing. ▲
To ensure good results, the gauge readings must be stable before

performing a standardization measurement. Diagnostic measurements
which indicate gauge stability are included on the main screen:
● VD: The raw radiation counts as seen by the gauge scintillator.
● CTLSIG: The HV control signal being applied to the scintillator.
Should be constant when stable.
● ERRSIG: The error in the HV control. Should be less than 10 when
stable.
● REF(cps): The “high energy” radiation count rate observed by the
gauge scintillator. The ratio VD/REF should be approximately 6.0
when stable.
Access these measurements by using the direct entry method to enter
command 72. To perform the standardization measurement, turn on
(open) the source shutter. Go to the Start Standardize Cycle menu item.
Press the right arrow to begin the cycle.
After beginning standardization, a menu item is displayed, allowing you to
abort the measurement, continue to the setup menus, or return to the
measurement display where a countdown timer shows the time remaining
in the standardization measurement.
When
hen to The standardization measurement establishes a reference measurement for a
Standardize standard (repeatable) process configuration. During the standardization
cycle, the gauge averages the detector signal. Once the standardization
measurement is completed, it can be repeated at a later time to compensate
for any changes in the gauge/process pipe configuration, such as increased
attenuation due to process material buildup on the pipe walls. The gauge
then uses the new standardization value to adjust the calibration value(s). It
is not necessary to repeat the calibration measurements, since the
calibration values are stored as a ratio of the calibration-to-standardization
measurement values.

Gauge Fine Tuning
Whenever the standardization measurement is repeated, the gauge

calibration points are adjusted based on the new standardization value.
Determining how often standardization should be performed depends
largely on your particular process. A consistent error in the density
measurement can indicate that the gauge requires standardization. It is
generally a good idea to standardize the gauge when one or more of the
following conditions occur:
● Pipe wear caused by corrosive or abrasive materials
● Buildup of process material in the pipe
● Cleaning or spontaneous break up of material built up in the pipe
● Repairs or changes to the pipe or gauge head mount
● Shifting or realignment of the gauge head mount whether planned or
unintentionally (the source and detector must be aligned and securely
mounted)
● Repair or replacement of source or detector parts and wiring
● Installation or removal of nearby nuclear gauges
The gauge’s measurement accuracy might seem to be off if there is debris,

such as spilled process material, between the source and the pipe. If debris
is present, you should remove the debris rather than standardize the gauge.
Caution Do not place your hand between the source and the pipe. Use a
brush or other tool to remove any accumulated debris. ▲
Standardization
andardization 1. Press the right arrow to access the Sensor Head Standardization items.
Menu Items
Figure 6–8.

Gauge Fine Tuning
2. The default standardization cycle averages the measured radiation level

over eight time constant periods. When using the default time constant
(128 seconds), the standardization cycle lasts about 17 minutes (8 x
128). You can change the duration of the standardization cycle by
altering the density signal time constant (“Time Constant Setup,”
earlier in this chapter) or by changing the number of time constant
periods used. Specify the number of time constant periods used for the
standardization measurement.
Figure 6–9.
Note The standardization cycle time must be set to at least two time
constant periods or the gauge automatically aborts the standardization
cycle. ▲
3. The Time Since Last Standardization item displays the amount of time
in weeks since the last standardization cycle was performed. The
standardization value is automatically adjusted to account for the
reduced source level due to the radioactive decay of the source.
Whenever a standardization measurement is performed, the gauge
resets the source decay counter. The accuracy of this value is not
particularly important if you use a Cs-137 source (30-year half-life) and
standardize periodically. However, if you use a Co-60 source, source
decay has a greater effect due to the shorter half-life (5.3 year). Make
sure the source half-life value is set correctly.
Figure 6–10.

Gauge Fine Tuning
4. The gauge maintains a counter (time since last standardization) to

adjust the standardization value for the effects of source decay. By
default, the counter assumes that power is applied to the gauge
continuously. If the gauge is shut down periodically, such as over the
weekend, an error will accumulate in the counter over time. To
improve the decay counter accuracy, enter the number of days per week
that power is applied to the gauge.
Figure 6–11.
5. Press the right arrow to begin a standardization cycle.
Figure 6–12.
Standardization The following menu items are only displayed in the standardization menu
Service Only Menu when the Service Only items are enabled (see “Special Functions” in
Chapter 9 or “User Service & Related Items” in Chapter 10). These tools
Items are useful in certain situations but are not generally required.
1. Specify the maximum allowable difference between the standardization

value measured during a “qualify” standardization cycle (next menu
item) and the standardization value currently in use.
Figure 6–13.

Gauge Fine Tuning
2. A qualify standardization cycle performs a standardization

measurement but does not use the new value if it differs from the
current value by more than the allowable difference specified in the
previous menu item. This type of standardization is useful if level or
conditions change during the cycle. Press the right arrow to perform a
qualification standardization.
Figure 6–14.
3. A hold standardization cycle performs a standardization measurement

but holds the measured value instead of replacing the value in use. To
apply the held value, execute the Use Latest Value command (step 6).
This type of standardization can be used as a manual version of the
qualify standardization.
Figure 6–15.
4. The STD Value from Latest Cycle item displays the detector signal
value from the most recent standardization cycle. A large change in the
standardization value may indicate a problem with the gauge or an
anomalous condition, extraneous radiation sources for example, during
the standardization measurement.
Figure 6–16.

Gauge Fine Tuning
Density Gauge Calibration
5. The STD Value in Use item differs from the latest standardization
value if several weeks have passed since you last standardized the gauge
(source decay correction) or if you performed a hold standardization
cycle but did not execute the Use Latest Standardization Value
command.
Figure 6–17.
6. You can copy the standardization value from the latest cycle to replace
the value in use by executing this command. Note that this is done
automatically if you use the normal standardize command.
Figure 6–18.
7. The value displayed in the Data/Ref Cnt Ratio screen shown in Figure
6–19 affects the control of the high voltage (gain) applied to the
photomultiplier tube in the detector. Do not change this value unless
instructed to do so by Thermo Fisher.
Figure 6–19.
Density Gauge The Density Gauge Calibration submenu provided under the Gauge Fine
Tuning menu is the same as it is under the Set up Density menu. Refer to
Calibration Chapter 4 for detailed instructions on calibrating your gauge.

Gauge Fine Tuning
Flow Input Setup
Flow Input Setup 1. Press the right arrow to enter the Flow Input menu.
Figure 6–20.
2. Select Current Input if you have connected a flow sensor with a 4–20
mA current output to the flow input terminals of the gauge. If this is
not the case with your application, select None.
Figure 6–21.
3. Scroll through the volume units for the flow measurement (flow =
volume/time). The units available depend on whether you selected all,
metric, or English units.
Figure 6–22.
The complete list of available volume units is listed below.
Table 6–2.
ml (cu cm) milliliter (cubic centimeter)
cubic meter 1000 liters
cubic inch 16.39 milliliters
cubic foot 28.32 liters
cu yard 764.6 liters
US gallon (liquid) 3.785 liters

Gauge Fine Tuning
Flow Input Setup

UK gallon 4.546 liters, 1.2 U.S. gallons
mega gallon 1,000,000 U.S. gallons
beer gallon 4.62 liters
liter liter
acre foot 43,560 cubic feet
US pint 473.2 milliliters, 0.5 U.S. quart
US quart 946.3 milliliters, 0.25 U.S. liquid gallons
US oz 29.57 milliliters, 1/16 U.S. pint
acre inch 3630 cubic feet
K Gallon 1000 U.S. liquid gallons
UK quart 1137 milliliters, 0.25 UK gallons
UK pint 568.3 milliliters, 0.5 UK quart
UK oz 28.41 milliliters, 1/20 UK pint
oil barrel 159 liters, 42 U.S. liquid gallons
beer barrel 117.3 liters, 31 U.S. gallons
US barrel 119.2 liters, 31.5 U.S. liquid gallons
UK barrel 163.7 liters, 36 UK gallons
4. Set the volume flow time units. You can select from seconds (s),
minutes (m), hours (h), days (d), weeks (w), months (M), or years (y).
Figure 6–23.
5. Set the mass units for the flow measurement.
Figure 6–24.

Gauge Fine Tuning
Flow Input Setup
The following table lists the available units.

Table 6–3.
gram gram
Kgram kilogram
pound pound
metric ton 1000 kilograms
short ton 2000 pounds
long ton 2240 pounds
oz avoirdupois ounces
6. Select the time units for flow measurement.
Figure 6–25.
7. Specify the time constant used to filter the flow input signal. The
default of 4.0 seconds is usually adequate.
Figure 6–26.
8. Specify the minimum value for the current output signal that will be
produced by the flowmeter. The default value is 4.0 mA.
Figure 6–27.

Gauge Fine Tuning
Flow Input Setup
9. Specify the maximum value for the current output signal that will be
produced by the flowmeter. The default value is 20.0 mA.
Figure 6–28.
10. Specify the flow rate that corresponds to the minimum flow (current
input) value. Note that the flow rate must be specified in the same
units as selected in previous menu items.
Figure 6–29.
11. Specify the flow rate corresponding to the maximum flow (current
input) value. Note that the flow rate must be specified in the same
units as selected in previous menu items.
Figure 6–30.

Chapter 7
Current Output, Alarms, & Totalizers
Overview The primary measurement (density) is assigned to the current output in
both normal and alternate modes by default. To assign a measurement
other than the primary measurement to a current output, the measurement
must first be set up using the Set up Additional Measurements menu
(Chapter 5). You can then use the Modify or Reassign Current Output
menu to assign the current output to the desired measurement. Finally, to
specify the measurement range for the current output, return to the Set up
Additional Measurements menu, enter the setup menu for the desired
measurement number, and enter the measurement values corresponding to
the maximum and minimum current output values.
Two different measurements can be assigned to control the current output,
with one assigned to the current output in normal mode and the second
assigned to the current output in alternate mode. The current output can
be set up to switch from normal mode to alternate mode when an alarm is
triggered, as described in the next section of this chapter. You can also
directly enter a command to force a switch between normal and alternate
modes. For example, if you are interested in monitoring a density range of
2.0–3.0 g/mL during one portion of the process and a density range of 3.0–
3.5 g/mL during another part of the process, you can set up the
measurements and current output as follows:
1. Set up measurement 1 (the primary measurement) as density and assign

it to drive the current output in normal mode with a density range of
2.0–3.0 g/mL.
2. Set up measurement 2 as density, but assign measurement 2 to drive

the current output in alternate mode with a density range of 3.0–3.5
g/mL. The measurement values corresponding to the maximum and
minimum current output values are entered in the Set up Additional
Measurements menu (Chapter 5).

Modify / Reassign Current Outputs
Modify
odify / Reassign 1. Press the down arrow to access the Current Output menu items.
Current Outputs
Figure 7–1.
2. Enter the maximum current output. The default value is 20 mA.
Figure 7–2.
3. You can set the minimum current output value between .0001 mA and
the maximum current output (20.00 mA default). The default value is
4.0 mA. The actual minimum output value is approximately 3.5 mA.
Figure 7–3.
Note Enter a value of exactly 0.0 to reset the minimum current output to
the default value of 4.0 mA. This value should be set to 3.5 mA or
greater. ▲

Modify / Reassign Current Outputs
4. The screens shown in Figure 7–4 are only displayed if you set up two
or more measurements. Assign a measurement to the current output in
normal mode or alternate. Select from the primary measurement (Mea
1) and any additional measurements.
Figure 7–4.
5. You can fine tune the maximum current output value to correct for any
variation among systems. (The maximum current output value is scaled
by this value.)
Figure 7–5.
6. You can fine tune the minimum current output value to correct for any
variation among systems. (The minimum current output value is scaled
by this value.)
Figure 7–6.
7. Enter the desired value for the midrange hold value for the current
output. Value is entered as a percentage of the maximum current
output value. The default is 50 percent.
Figure 7–7.

Fault Alarm Setup & Process Alarm Assignment
Fault Alarm Setup & Use these menu items to assign commands for up to three pairs of alarm
actions. Each alarm action pair consists of a command to be executed when
Process Alarm an alarm is activated (set) and a second command to be executed when the
Assignment alarm is cleared. Once an alarm action pair is defined, the alarm action is
added to the list of alarm indicators and can be assigned as an alarm
indicator for a specific alarm.
To assign a command action set to a process measurement alarm, you must
have set up the measurement and assigned an alarm to the measurement.
To assign a command action set to a fault, warning, or mode alarm, use the
Assign Actions to Fault, Warning and Mode Alarms menu items described
later in this section.
Note Due to the limited display space, the Alarm Indicated By selection in
the Set up Alarm menu cannot display the full command name. The alarm
action pairs are referred to as “#1 act on ALM action”, etc. We recommend
writing down each command action pairs that you assign for future
reference. ▲
Set up Alarms to 1. Press the right arrow to access the menu items.
Execute Commands
Figure 7–8.
2. Press the right arrow to scroll through the list of commands available to
be executed when the alarm is activated. Selecting a command other
than Do Nothing makes the #1 Action on Alarm Clear menu item
available. Select the command to be executed when the alarm clears.
Typically a command is selected to undo the effects of the command
executed when the alarm is activated.
These menu items are repeated for alarm action sets #2 and #3.
Figure 7–9.

3. Assign alarms to monitor specific measurements. This menu item is

only displayed if you have set up at least one measurement in addition
to the primary measurement.
Figure 7–10.
4. By default, all eight alarms are assigned to the primary measurement.

The Alarm Monitors Measurement # screen enables you to assign
alarms to other measurements. Press the right arrow to scroll through
the list of measurements that are set up until the one you want appears.
The message on the third line indicates the measurement type that
corresponds to the measurement number. This menu item is repeated
for alarms 2–8 if they are set up.
Figure 7–11.
Assign Actions to Alarm indicators can also be assigned to system fault/warning and mode
Fault, Warning, & alarms. By default, the alarm indicator is always set to Nothing. You must
specify the desired alarm indicator for each alarm. For example, in some
Mode Alarms cases when the standardization or calibration modes are active, a warning
message is displayed even if no other alarm indicator is assigned. Any of the
alarm indicators can be assigned to fault and warning alarms or to mode
alarms using the assign actions menu items.
Warning & Fault Alarms Warning and fault alarms alert you to potential problems with the
operation of the gauge. At the Assign Actions to Warning Alarms and Fault
Alarms screen, press the right arrow to access each alarm type.

Fault and warning alarms include:

● System fault
● Calibration (CAL) cycle aborted
● Sensor under range (occurs whenever the radiation level is less than the
background level)
● Sensor over range
● Current output maximum/minimum reached (indicates the current
output has reached the maximum/minimum value)
Figure 7–12.
Mode Alarms Mode alarms provide information about the status of the gauge and
include:
● Standardization (STD) mode
● Calibration (CAL) mode
● Holds are active
● Output on alternate measurement (indicates the current output has
switched to the alternate measurement)
● Alternate time constant in use
● Keypad in use (indicates the serial port is being used to access the
gauge’s setup menus)
● Power has been off (generally not a concern unless there is an
unexpected interruption in power; once saved, the gauge’s setup
parameters are preserved even when power is disconnected)
Figure 7–13.

Totalizer Setup & Control
Totalizer Setup Access this menu group to set up the gauge’s four totalizers. This top-level
menu is only displayed if the flow input has been set up (“Flow Input
& Control Setup” in Chapter 6) and if a flow-related measurement has been assigned
as an additional measurement readout (“Set up Additional Measurements”
in Chapter 5).
Assign Totalizers A totalizer is a counter that can be set up for volume flow, mass flow, and
time measurements. You can set them up in any order.
1. The Assign and Set Up Totalizer item displays the status of the
specified totalizer. Press the right arrow to set up the totalizer.
Figure 7–14.
2. Select the measurement to totalize. For example, in Figure 7–15,

totalizer 1 will totalize the number of gallons of carrier that pass the
flow sensor.
Figure 7–15.
3. Select the number of units you want each count to represent. For
example, if your measurement is in gallons and you want to count tens
of gallons, enter “10.0”.
Figure 7–16.

4. Set up the totalizer to display or not display.
Figure 7–17.
5. Set the decimal position to count tenths, hundredths, etc. Press the left
and right arrows to adjust the decimal position.
Figure 7–18.
6. Totalizer commands are addressed in the following section.
Figure 7–19.
Set up Totalizer 1. From the Totalizer Commands screen (Figure 7–19), press the right
Commands arrow to access the menu items.
2. The Zero Totalizer item allows you to set the specified totalizer count
to zero.
Figure 7–20.

3. Stop the totalizer count by accessing this menu item. Start (or restart)
the totalizer count by accessing the following item.
Figure 7–21.
4. Program the totalizer to stop counting if the volume (or mass) flow rate
falls below the specified value. Alternatively, you can program the
totalizer to stop counting if the volume (or mass) flow rate exceeds a
specified value.
Figure 7–22.

Chapter 8
Action Items
Overview This top-level menu consists of five menu subgroups.
● Common action items
● Alarm action items
● Hold action items
● Serial port related action items
● Totalizer action items
Common Action 1. Common action items include commands to restart the system, erase
all entries, and clear all holds. Press the right arrow to access the menu
Items items.
Figure 8–1.
2. The System Restart command causes the system to restart (perform a

“warm boot”). Temporary memory is erased, but user-entered setup
data is not affected.
Figure 8–2.

Action Items
Common Action Items
3. Execute the Erase All Entries (Except COMM Setup) to erase

previously entered setup data. All settings except for the serial
communication settings are reset to factory defaults.
Figure 8–3.
4. The Clear Totalizers item is only displayed if totalizer menus are active
(flow input has been set up). Executing this function resets all the
totalizers. Refer to “Totalizer Setup & Control” in Chapter 7 for
instructions on setting up totalizers.
Figure 8–4.
5. Execute the Clear All Holds command to clear all holds that are in
effect.
Figure 8–5.
Note If more than three measurements are set up, readouts 4–6 are
displayed in alternate mode. The display toggles between normal and
alternate modes. The next two items hold the display in either alternate or
normal mode. Execute a Clear All Holds command to resume toggling. ▲

Action Items
Alarm Action Items
6. Switching to alternate mode is only an option when the number of

measurements set up is greater than the number of measurements that
can be displayed at one time. Stop display alternate by choosing
alternate mode (readouts 4–6 displayed) or normal mode (readouts 1–3
displayed).
Figure 8–6.
7. The Switch Current Out to Alternate Mode screen is only displayed

when different measurements are assigned to the current output in
normal and alternate modes. The command toggles between switching
to alternate and switching to normal current output modes.
Figure 8–7.
Alarm Action 1. Alarm action items include commands to clear, acknowledge, disable,
erase, show history, and end delays for all alarms.
Items
Figure 8–8.

Action Items
Alarm Action Items
2. The View Alarm Status and View Alarm History screens allow you to
review all alarms currently in effect and the history of all alarms that
have occurred since the last Clear All Alarms command. Both menu
items include process, warning, fault, and mode alarms.
Figure 8–9.
3. Execute the Clear All Alarms command to acknowledge, clear, and

reset all alarms. This command does not affect the alarm setup.
Figure 8–10.
4. Execute the Acknowledge All Alarms command to acknowledge but

not clear or reset alarms. All alarm actions are cleared, but the actual
alarm remains activated. The alarm action is not re-established until the
alarm is cleared (by command or change in process) and the alarm is
again activated.
Figure 8–11.
5. The Disable All Alarms command causes the system to ignore alarms
(all alarms are off until manually turned on).
Figure 8–12.

Action Items
Alarm Action Items
6. The Erase All Alarm Action Assignments command resets alarm

assignments to their default command execution, display flash, and
zeroing current output.
Figure 8–13.
Note The following two menu items are only displayed if you enable alarm
delay times (from the Special Functions menu) and you enter delay times
for alarm activation or alarm clear for one or more alarms. ▲
7. If an alarm condition is true but alarm activation is delayed (due to an

alarm delay time), execute the End Alarm Delay command to cancel
the delay time and activate the alarm.
Figure 8–14.
8. If an alarm clear condition is true but alarm clear is delayed (due to an

alarm clear delay time), execute End Un-alarm Delay command to
cancel the delay time and clear the alarm.
Figure 8–15.

Action Items
Hold Action Items
Hold Action 1. Hold action items include commands to clear, hold current output, set
hold mode value, scale, and set holds for density and flow. Press the
Items right arrow to access the menu items.
Figure 8–16.
2. Execute the Clear All Holds command to clear any holds currently in
effect.
Figure 8–17.
3. The items shown in Figure 8–18 enable you to hold the current output
at the value entered for the maximum or the minimum current output.
Figure 8–18.
4. The items shown in Figure 8–19 enable you to hold the current output
at the fault low level (3.6 mA or lower) or fault high level (20.8 mA or
higher).
Figure 8–19.

Action Items
Hold Action Items
5. Enter the value (in percentage) of the midrange current output hold
value. The default value is 50.00%. Then press the down arrow.
Execute the command in the next screen (Hold Current Output) to
hold the current output at the midrange value specified.
Figure 8–20.
6. Enter the hold value for the primary measurement (density). Press the
down arrow. At the next screen, press the right arrow to hold the
primary measurement value at the hold value specified.
Figure 8–21.
7. The Flow Hold Mode Value item is only available if a flow related
measurement is defined. Enter the hold value for the flow-related
measurement. Press the down arrow. At the next screen, press the right
arrow to hold the flow measurement at the hold value specified in the
previous menu item.
Figure 8–22.

Action Items
Serial Port Related Action Items
Serial Port 1. Serial port related action items include menu items that enable you to
update, set up, and enable the serial ports.
Related Action
Items
Figure 8–23.
2. Update data output to port 2, RS485: Executing this command causes

the instrument to send a data set, as defined by the serial transmit setup
or its default, to the RS485 port.
Figure 8–24.
Totalizer Action Totalizer action items are only displayed if totalizer menus are active (if a
flow input is set up and a volume- or mass-flow related measurement is
Items assigned to one of the additional measurements).
Figure 8–25.
The totalizer action items include the following commands:
● Inhibit all totalizers
● Enable all totalizers
● Clear, but not do enable, all totalizers

Chapter 9
Serial Ports & Special Functions
Overview The following menus are located within the Set up Serial Ports menu
group:
● Modify Port 2 RS485 Configuration
● Set up Port 2 RS485 Data Xmit
● Special Functions
Serial Port Setup The gauge incorporates a RS485 multi-drop serial interface.
Communication with the gauge may be via a remote terminal, a PC with
terminal emulation software, or a Thermo Scientific handheld terminal
(HHT). To connect the RS485 port of the gauge to the com port on a PC
requires an RS232/RS485 adapter. Alternately, you can connect an HHT
directly to the RS485 port on the gauge.
The RS485 port supports multi-unit party-line communications. A
maximum of 32 units can be connected to the party-line. Party-line
communications are discussed later in this chapter.
When you make entries for the parameters, the actual port operation does
not change until you save the entries by exiting the menus.
RS485 Configuration 1. The Modify Port 2 RS485 Configuration item enables you to configure
the RS485 port, baud rate, parity, etc. Press the right arrow to access
the menu items that allow you to configure the port. At the next screen,
turn the port on or off.
Figure 9–1.

Serial Port Setup
2. Assign a unit identification number for party-line communications.

Available assignments are 1–32. Assign ‘0’ (zero) for single unit
operations. Assign ‘1’ to the master gauge for party-line
communications.
Figure 9–2.
3. You can set the RS485 to interface with the following serial devices:
● ANSI terminal (or PC emulation): The gauge sends ANSI escape
sequences for screen and cursor control that are supported by ANSI
terminals and most PC-based communication packages.
● Handheld terminal: Supports Thermo Scientific HHT.
● Blind mode: Special mode that supports access to the gauge via a
user-written program or script. The menu system is not available;
rather the hexadecimal version of the direct entry keyboard codes
must be used to enter parameters. The gauge echoes a ‘>’ character
(ASCII code 62) if the code is understood, or it sends a ‘<’
character (ASCII code 60). Supports user-written scripts from
within a terminal emulation communications package to automate
setup or a data monitoring procedure.
Figure 9–3.
Note The Thermo Scientific HHT does not support the hexadecimal
direct entry codes required for blind mode. Do not attempt to use this
mode with the HHT. ▲

Serial Port Setup
4. Press the right arrow to scroll through the available baud rates.
Figure 9–4.
5. Set the current word length (7 bit or 8 bit).
Figure 9–5.
6. Select the parity (even or none).
Figure 9–6.
7. Specify whether the instrument should send a line feed (ASCII

character 10) after a carriage return (ASCII character 13).
Figure 9–7.

Serial Port Setup
Data
ata Transmission Setup
Note Only use data streaming when communicating with a remote
terminal or a PC running terminal emulation software. Due to display
limitations (4-line x 20-character), the HHT does not support data
streaming. ▲
1. The Set up Port 2 RS485 Data Xmit menu, set up the parameters
controlling the selection, format, and transmission of measurement
readouts to the terminal over the RS485 port. This menu also allows
you to set up party-line communications. Press the right arrow to
access the menu items that allow you to set up data streaming. At the
next screen, turn data streaming on or off.
When a port is set up for data streaming (continuous transmission of
readings), the system sends a readout update on a regular basis. Data
streaming on a party-line is automatically suspended when you send the
Sleep command and is normally suspended when you send the
Connect command to any unit on the party-line. You can set up a unit
to continue to data stream, except while you are in the menu system.
Figure 9–8.
2. The screen shown in Figure 9–9 is repeated for all measurements that
are set up. Enable or disable the transmission of the data for each
measurement individually.
Figure 9–9.

Serial Port Setup
3. Choose whether or not to data stream in connect mode.
Figure 9–10.
4. Assign the unit as a slave or master. Assign unit 1 as master in party-

line communications.
Figure 9–11.
5. The Set up Data Format items establish the formatting used for text
transmission (such as labeling, tabulation, and pagination) for
measurements sent to a terminal or printer. In the following menu
items, a reading refers to a particular measurement such as density or
flow. A data set refers to all the readings being transmitted by a
particular gauge. By default, a NewLine is sent after each reading. A
Home and a Clear are sent after each data set. This causes the data to
update at the same place on the screen.
Figure 9–12.
Within this menu group, you can:
a. Select whether the instrument should put the measurement number
(1, 2, 3, etc.) before each reading.
b. Select whether the gauge should send a logical NewLine after each
reading.
c. Select whether the gauge should send the measurement’s unit
string.

Serial Port Setup
d. Select whether the unit number is displayed.

e. Select whether to append a Tab (ASCII character 9) after each
reading. This function is useful when sending columnar data to a
printer.
f. Stop the ANSI Clear/Home escape string that is sent after each data
set by default.
g. Select whether the gauge should send a logical NewLine after each
data set.
h. Select whether a custom (user-defined) message is sent before each
data set.
i. Select whether the unit number is displayed before each data set.
6. The item shown in Figure 9–13 only appears in the setup for the
master unit. Enter the highest unit number assigned to any gauge on
the party-line.
Figure 9–13.
7. Enter the update time for the master unit.
Figure 9–14.

Party-Line Communications
Party-Line To communicate with multiple gauges via a RS485 party-line, each unit
must be assigned a unique unit number that allows each unit to be
Communications addressed individually. All gauges are assigned to zero by default. To assign
a unique unit number to each gauge, you must be able to communicate
with each gauge individually. This can be achieved by disconnecting each
gauge from the party-line in turn and then communicating with the
disconnected gauge directly. Alternately, remove power from all gauges
except one, assign a unit number to the powered gauge, and repeat the
process for each gauge. To set up party-line communications:
1. Wire all units to the RS485 common lines as per the wiring
instructions in the installation manual provided with your gauge.
2. Program each unit’s port communication settings (baud rate, parity,

and handshake) exactly the same.
3. Assign each gauge a unique nonzero unit number.
4. Set the desired RS485 measurement selections, data format, user

messages, etc. for each unit.
5. Configure the master unit (usually assigned the lowest unit number) by
specifying the unit as the master and setting an appropriate RS485
update time.
6. Configure each slave unit by specifying it as a slave and setting update

time as zero.
Party-Line Modes The party-line has three distinct modes of operation: unconnected,
connected, and sleep. Normally, the party-line operates in the unconnected
mode.
A unit in unconnected mode only responds to:
● A connect Escape sequence with the proper unit-number suffix
● A command code with the proper unit-number suffix
● An all units Sleep command
● An all units Wakeup command
● A data streaming sync character

Party-Line Communications
When a unit is in Connect mode, the unit’s setup menus can be accessed (if
not in blind or printer mode) and the unit continues to send updates if the
Data Stream in Connect Mode parameter is enabled. Connect mode is
exited when a valid Disconnect command is received.
A unit in Sleep mode does not respond to anything except a valid Wakeup
command.
Party-Line Some useful escape codes are provided in the table below.
Commands Table 9–1.
Code Description
ESC [Z## Connect command: ## = unit number in XX format (01, 02, 24, etc.)
ESC O Q Disconnect command
ESC X C Sleep command (ANSI)
ESC X D Wakeup command
ESC X 1 Connect acknowledge: sent by the gauge to acknowledge Connect
command
ESC X 2 Acknowledge Disconnect command
ESC O V ID Request command
ESC X 4 ID Request Terminated command

ESC [Yuu;cc;vvdd Polling command, where: uu = unit number (in hex) on party-line,
cc = command (in hex), vv = unit number + 3 (in hex), dd = command
number + 3 (in hex)
Three cc command values are supported:

● 86: Single data stream update on RS485
● 8B: Download NVRAM contents to PC on RS485
● 8D: Upload NVRAM contents to gauge
Example: ESC [Y01;86;0489 sends the single update command to unit 1.
Party-Line The RS485 party-line uses half-duplex communications. Thus, only one
Limitations system can send information at any given time. For instance, if you enter
data during the time window for a gauge to send its output, garbled
characters may result. This occurs mainly when the gauge’s menu system is
being accessed in Connect mode. In this situation, verify that the gauge
received the correct setup information before continuing.

Special Functions
The party-line also behaves erratically when more than one device issues
sync characters. This can happen if there is more than one master on the
link or if sync characters are sent from a terminal or PC.
Data streaming must be explicitly turned off in the data transmission
menu. Deselecting all measurements from data streaming does not inhibit
data streaming. Rather, the gauge sends a default update with all
measurements, escape string positioning, and the For Setup message. This
default update is intended to appear after a complete NVRAM erasure
(such as performing a CMD 74), when data streaming is not yet
configured. Also, the data formatting and update time menus are not
available until at least one measurement is selected.
Special 1. The Special Functions submenu includes specialized menu items for
specifying what is shown on the measurement displays and enabling the
Functions Service Only menu items.
Figure 9–15.
2. Disabling the “For setup” message on line 4 of the normal readout

allows four lines to be used for measurement readouts.
Figure 9–16.
3. Leave the Dynamic Tracking menu item set to Do Not to ensure that
dynamic tracking remains enabled.
Figure 9–17.

Special Functions
4. Enable or disable the Service Only items. By default, these items are
not enabled. This item may also be accessed via the “User Service &
Related Items” in Chapter 10.
Figure 9–18.
5. Enabling multiple setups allows the gauge calibration data to be stored

in one of eight data sets. When enabled, the Store/Retrieve Multiple
Setups menu chain (see next section) is displayed under the Set up
Density menu.
Figure 9–19.
6. The Set up Custom Units Messages menu item is discussed later in this
chapter.
Figure 9–20.

Special Functions
Multiple Setups When multiple setups are enabled, the following menus are available under
the Set up Density menu.
1. The item shown in Figure 9–21 contains commands that allow you to
select the desired data set to store calibration data.
Figure 9–21.
2. The item shown in Figure 9–22 contains commands to retrieve

calibration data previously stored in a data set.
Figure 9–22.
3. The item shown in Figure 9–23 allows you to view the calibration
values in previously stored data sets.
Figure 9–23.
When a stored data set is retrieved for use, the number of the data set is
displayed next to the For Setup message on the fourth line of the
display. For example, if the fourth line displays “2 For setup, press...”
then stored data set 2 is currently in use.

Special Functions
Setting
tting Up Custom User-defined messages can redefine units and provide headers for serial
Units Messages data. The system supports up to eight custom message strings of up to ten
characters each. Custom message menus are found in the Special Functions
menu and in the Set up Data Format submenu of the Data Transmission
menu. Finally, this menu option is displayed when you enable display
scaling. In each case, you can select any of the custom messages that have
been entered. You can also modify an existing message or add a new
message. Enter message characters by using the right and left arrows to
scroll through the available character selections or by using the ASCII codes
for the characters given in the table below. The entry screen for each
character shows the rest of the ten-character message to provide context for
your selection.
Note Enter a value of 0 (zero) for the first character to reset the message to
the null string (default value). ▲
Table 9–2.
Code Character Code Character Code Character Code Character Code Character
32 SP(ace) 51 3 70 F 89 Y 108 l
33 ! 52 4 71 G 90 Z 109 m
34 “ 53 5 72 H 91 [ 110 n
35 # 54 6 73 I 92 \ 111 o
36 $ 55 7 74 J 93 ] 112 p
37 % 56 8 75 K 94 ^ 113 q
38 & 57 9 76 L 95 _ 114 r
39 ‘ 58 : 77 M 96 ` 115 s
40 ( 59 ; 78 N 97 a 116 t
41 ) 60 < 79 O 98 b 117 u
42 * 61 = 80 P 99 c 118 v
43 + 62 > 81 Q 100 d 119 w
44 , 63 ? 82 R 101 e 120 x
45 - 64 @ 83 S 102 f 121 y
46 . 65 A 84 T 103 g 122 z
47 / 66 B 85 U 104 h 123 {
48 0 (zero) 67 C 86 V 105 l 124 |
49 1 68 D 87 W 106 j 125 }
50 2 69 E 88 X 107 k 126 ?

Special Functions
1. Press the right arrow to access the Set up Custom Units Messages
menu items. You can set up a maximum of eight messages, with ten
characters per message. The custom units message has no effect on the
measurement readout.
Figure 9–24.
2. Enter the first character of the custom message by using the right and
left arrow keys to scroll through the available characters or by entering
the ASCII character code from the table above. Enter ‘0’ (zero) to reset
to default (null) value. Press the down arrow after selecting a character
to move to the next character in the message. Press the down arrow
again to move to the next custom message setup.
Figure 9–25.
3. The item shown in Figure 9–26 is repeated for each measurement that
has been set up. Use the arrow keys to scroll through the custom
messages, or assign message 0 (zero) to use the default message.
Figure 9–26.

Chapter 10
Diagnostics & Service Menus
The Security, Service and Diagnostic Functions menu is divided into four
primary menu subgroups:
● Security Items
● Diagnostics: System Test, Related Items
● User Service and Related Items
● Factory Service and Related Items (only available if Service Only items
are enabled)
Set a Password Access the Security Items menu to require a password be entered to edit
setup menus.
Figure 10–1.
The Diagnostics The gauge is highly fault tolerant; however, if you encounter a problem the
Diagnostics menu offers several helpful tools.
Menu
1. Press the right arrow to access the menu items.
Figure 10–2.

The Diagnostics Menu
2. Execute the self-test command to test the various types of memory and
data integrity. Press the right arrow to run the test.
Figure 10–3.
3. View any alarms resulting from the self-test as well as other alarms
presently in effect (process, warning, fault, and mode alarms).
Figure 10–4.
4. Review all alarms that have occurred since the last Clear All Alarms
command (process, warning, fault, and mode alarms).
Figure 10–5.
5. The Serial Port Error Logs item contains error logs for the RS485 serial
port. Press the right arrow to view the logs or the down arrow to
continue.
Figure 10–6.

6. The Program Rev item displays the software version number. Note this
number when calling Thermo Fisher with questions. The software
build date and time stamp is only displayed when Service Only items
are enabled (see “Special Functions” in Chapter 9 or “User Service &
Related Items” in Chapter 10).
Figure 10–7.
7. The Snapshot Menu is a service only item that shows instantaneous

value of various dynamic internal parameters. Further details are
provided later in this chapter.
Figure 10–8.
8. View values of various internal constants that are computed based on

user entries.
Figure 10–9.

The Snapshot Menu The Snapshot Menu items display the current (instantaneous) value of
various dynamic internal parameters and are only available if you enable
Service Only items in the Special Functions menu (Chapter 9) or User
Service & Related Items menu (Chapter 10).
1. Press the right arrow to access the menu items.
Figure 10–10.
2. Screens such as those shown in Figure 10–11 are snapshots. Snapshots

are displayed for each additional measurement you set up.
Figure 10–11.
3. The Counter Chip Register Status is used for diagnostic purposes only
and displays the values of scintillation detector counter chip registers.
These values are frozen when you access this item.
Figure 10–12.

4. The value of the effective path length is used in the calculation of the
density based on the detector signal. The gauge computes this value
based on the pipe inside diameter and the source head model.
Figure 10–13.
5. Temperature readout is displayed only if process temperature

compensation is set up.
Figure 10–14.
6. The Flow and Internal Value of Flow Signal screens are displayed only
if flow is set up.
Figure 10–15.
7. View the filtered value of radiation level (counts per second) measured
by the scintillation detector after the background level is subtracted.
Figure 10–16.

8. The screen shown in Figure 10–17 displays the following ratio:

(measured radiation counts – background counts) to (standardization
counts – background counts).
Figure 10–17.
9. The Internal Value of IOUT1 % screen displays the internal value of

the current output in a percentage of range.
Figure 10–18.
10. From the Internal Value of IOUT1 (fp) screen, you can view the
internal value of the current output relative to the range of 0–8000
(floating point).
Figure 10–19.
11. The Internal Value of IOUT1 (fixed pt) screen displays the internal
value of the current output relative to the range of 0–8000 (fixed
point).
Figure 10–20.

User Service & Related Items
12. The CTLSIG screen displays the current high voltage control (internal
software) value.
Figure 10–21.
13. The ERRSIG screen displays the current high voltage control
adjustment (internal software) value.
Figure 10–22.
User Service & 1. The System Restart command erases temporary memory, but it does
not affect user-entered setup data.
Related Items
Figure 10–23.
2. This command causes all entries except for the serial communications
settings to reset to factory defaults.
Figure 10–24.

3. The Clear All Holds command clears any holds in effect.
Figure 10–25.
4. Cause the unit to hold the current output at the value entered for the
maximum or minimum current output.
Figure 10–26.
5. Cause the unit to hold the current output at the fault low (3.6 mA or
less) or fault high level (20.8 mA or more).
Figure 10–27.
6. Enter the value (in percentage) for the midrange current output hold
value. Default value is 50.00%. Press the down arrow. At the next
screen, press the right arrow to execute the command to hold the
current output at the value specified.
Figure 10–28.

7. Enter the hold value for the primary measurement (density). Press the
down arrow. At the next screen, press the right arrow to execute the
command to hold primary measurement value at the value specified.
Upon execution, “Execute CMD” changes to “Clear holds?”. Press the
right arrow to clear the hold.
Figure 10–29.
8. Enter the hold value for the flow-related measurement. This item is
only displayed if a flow-related measurement is defined. Press the down
arrow. At the next screen, press the right arrow to hold flow
measurement value at the hold value specified. Upon execution,
“Execute CMD” changes to “Clear holds?”. Press the right arrow to
clear the hold.
Figure 10–30.
9. Press the right arrow to view current measurements.
Figure 10–31.

Factory Service & Related Items
10. Enable or disable the Service Only menu items. Enabling the items also
enables the Factory Service & Related Items menu discussed in the
following section.
Figure 10–32.
Factory Service This menu is only displayed if you have enabled Service Only items from
the Special Functions menu (Chapter 9) or User Service & Related Items
& Related Items menu (Chapter 10).
1. View the program revision number and the date/time of the software
build.
Figure 10–33.
2. The Stack Statistic item is for service diagnostic purposes only and
displays statistics regarding memory usage.
Figure 10–34.
3. View the bootloader software revision.
Figure 10–35.

4. The Hardware Diagnostics screen is a menu subgroup header. This

subgroup contains menu items summarizing the hardware. Press the
right arrow to enter the subgroup.
Figure 10–36.
5. The View Error Status screen is a menu subgroup header. This

subgroup contains menu items that display various memory related
status messages and is for service diagnostic purposes only.
Figure 10–37.
6. The RS485 test mode is for factory service diagnostic purposes only.
Figure 10–38.
7. Typically, band entry testing should not be disabled, except for

diagnostic purposes.
Figure 10–39.

8. The Signal Diagnostics screen is a menu subgroup header. This

subgroup contains menu items that display various signal related
messages and is for factory diagnostic purposes only.
Figure 10–40.
9. Access the screen shown in Figure 10–41 to scroll through a list of the
codes for commands, special measurement code base numbers, and
alarms.
Figure 10–41.

Chapter 11
Maintenance
The Source 1. Periodically check the source and remove any debris that may have
accumulated in the beam path between the source housing and the
Housing outer wall of the process vessel.
Caution Do not place your hand between the source and the tank. Use a
brush or other tool to remove accumulated debris. ▲
2. Check the shutter to make sure it works correctly. For source housings
with an exposed shutter lever pivot, you can apply grease to the pivot, if
necessary to prevent corrosion and jamming.
Note Do not paint or overcoat the source housing without first masking its
identification tag and other labeling. All labels on the source housing must
remain visible. ▲
The Electronics Unit

Warning Remove all power from the unit before servicing. Electrocution
can result if power is present. ▲
Warning In hazardous locations, ensure that power is removed from the

detector before removing the housing cover. Be sure that the housing cover
is replaced and that the grounds are properly connected before reapplying
power. ▲
Caution Close the shutter on the source housing before servicing the
detector unit. ▲
Replacing
eplacing the Fuse The F1 fuse on the AC power board must be replaced with an approved
fuse. Refer to the ordering information in Appendix A.

Maintenance
The Electronics Unit
Board Replacement 1. Make sure the source shutter is in its OFF position.
2. Remove all power to the gauge.
3. Remove the housing access cover:

For the explosion proof housing, loosen the screw on the cover
retaining bracket and slide the bracket off the housing cover. Unscrew
the housing access cover.
For the non-explosion proof housing, remove the bolts that attach the
housing cover to the enclosure.
4. Disconnect the plug-in screw terminals from the board connector. If

the connector is tight, brace the board with your hand (but do not
touch the circuit or components) and pull firmly but carefully. Lay the
cables and connectors back over the edge of the housing so they will
not be in the way when lifting the unit out of the housing.
5. Remove the screw that secures the unit in the housing. Using a pull and
turn motion, lift the unit a few inches out of the housing so that the
electronics boards are exposed.

Chapter 12
Troubleshooting & Service
General If the unit does not perform satisfactorily, follow these steps until the
problem is resolved.
1. Enable the Service Only items from the Special Functions menu
(Chapter 9) or User Service & Related Items menu (Chapter 10).
a. If you suspect a detector problem, check the detector output and
access the Internal Value of Sensor Signal menu item in the
Snapshot menu (Chapter 10). This value (count rate in counts per
second) should be much larger with the source shutter on than with
the shutter off (typically more than 10 times larger).
b. If standardization has been completed, set up the standard
configuration and compare the internal value of sensor signal to the
STD value in use displayed in the Sensor Standardization submenu
of the Gauge Fine Tuning menu (Chapter 6). If the gauge was
working properly when standardized, the two values should be
similar.
c. If the displayed signal value is not behaving correctly, consider
misalignment of the gauge head, buildup, wear, debris in the beam
path, or faulty shutter operation before testing the detector signals.
2. If you can eliminate these factors, the cause is probably on the CPU
board. Verify that the connectors on the cable connecting the detector
board to the CPU board are securely seated on both boards.
3. Execute a self-test (from the Diagnostics menu in Chapter 10).
4. If the problem remains, contact Thermo Fisher to attempt to resolve

the problem over the phone.

The Current Output
The Current If you suspect a problem with the current output, attach an ammeter in
series with the current output load and verify the current output at various
Output levels. Use the commands in the User Service & Related Items submenu to
hold the current output at specific levels for testing (Chapter 10).
Service & The local representative is your first contact for support and is well
equipped to answer questions and provide application assistance. You can
Returns also contact Thermo Fisher directly.
In the United States:
Thermo Fisher Scientific
1410 Gillingham Lane
Sugar Land, TX 77478
Phone: 713-272-0404
Fax: 713-272-2272
In Canada:
14 Gormley Industrial Avenue
Gormley, Ontario
L0H 1G0
Phone: 905-888-8808
Fax: 905-888-8828
On the Web:
www.thermofisher.com
For returns, contact Thermo Fisher for specific instructions.

Warranty
Warranty Thermo Scientific products are warranted to be free from defects in

material and workmanship at the time of shipment and for one year
thereafter. Any claimed defects in Thermo Scientific products must be
reported within the warranty period. Thermo Fisher Scientific (Thermo
Fisher) shall have the right to inspect such products at Buyer’s plant or to
require Buyer to return such products to Thermo Fisher plant.
In the event Thermo Fisher requests return of its products, Buyer shall ship
with transportation charges paid by the Buyer to Thermo Fisher plant.
Shipment of repaired or replacement goods from Thermo Fisher plant shall
be F.O.B. Thermo Fisher plant. A quotation of proposed work will be sent
to the customer. Thermo Fisher shall be liable only to replace or repair, at
its option, free of charge, products which are found by Thermo Fisher to be
defective in material or workmanship, and which are reported to Thermo
Fisher within the warranty period as provided above. This right to
replacement shall be Buyer’s exclusive remedy against Thermo Fisher.
Thermo Fisher shall not be liable for labor charges or other losses or
damages of any kind or description, including but not limited to,
incidental, special or consequential damages caused by defective products.
This warranty shall be void if recommendations provided by Thermo
Fisher or its Sales Representatives are not followed concerning methods of
operation, usage and storage or exposure to harsh conditions.
Materials and/or products furnished to Thermo Fisher by other suppliers
shall carry no warranty except such suppliers’ warranties as to materials and
workmanship. Thermo Fisher disclaims all warranties, expressed or
implied, with respect to such products.
EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE AGREED TO IN WRITING BY Thermo
Fisher, THE WARRANTIES GIVEN ABOVE ARE IN LIEU OF ALL
OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, AND Thermo
Fisher HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR PURPOSE.

Appendix A
Ordering Information
Table A–1.
P/N Description
220-200000 Processor (CPU) board
220-200200 AC power board, configured for 115 Vac
AC power board fuse (F1): 250 V, 0.200 A (1/5 A SB), 3 AG
220-200201 AC power board, configured for 230 Vac
AC power board fuse (F1): 250 V, 0.100 A (1/10 A SB), 3 AG
220-200400 Detector board
220-200900 Temperature compensation board
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide A-1

Appendix B
Specifications
Results may vary under different operating conditions.
Table B–1. Product specifications
Operating principle Gamma radiation from the source passes through the process
pipe and material. The amount of radiation reaching the
detector decreases as the process density increases.
Power supply Standard: 115 Vac ±15%, 50/60 Hz, 12 VA
Optional: 230 Vac ±15%, 50/60 Hz, 12 VA
CSA/UL approvals* 9719C (non-hazardous areas):
Class II, Div. 1, Groups E, F, & G
Class III, Div. 1
Type 4
9720C (hazardous areas):
Class I, Div. 1, Groups B, C, & D
Class II, Div. 1, Groups E, F, & G
Class III, Div. 1
Type 4
European approvals* 9720C (hazardous areas):
ATEX II2 GD Ex d IIC T6 (Tamb -40°C to 60°C) T80°C
CE for heavy industry
Dimensions 9719C (non-hazardous areas), D x H: 6.5 x 14 in. (165 x 360 mm)
9720C (hazardous areas), D x H: 6.5 x 15 in. (165 x 380 mm)
Operating -40°C to +60°C (-40°F to +140°F)
temperature
Serial interface Serial ports allow input and output of all viewable settings and
measurements
RS485: Half-duplex, party-line communication among multiple
gauges or between gauge and remote terminal or HHT
Current output Isolated, self-powered, 750 ohm maximum load
*Refer to the tag on your gauge to verify the hazardous location approval information.
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide B-1

Appendix C
Solution Characterization
For most solutions, the relationship between density and concentration is
not linear. The gauge uses a polynomial to characterize a solution’s
concentration (in grams per milliliter) as a function of differential density
(the difference between the solution density and the solvent density).
Chapter 3 explains how to select a predefined polynomial if your solution is
in the list of built-in types. This appendix explains how to set up a user-
defined characterization. You can use one of two methods:
● Enter coefficients to define the solution polynomial. Call Thermo
Fisher for help finding coefficients, or use mathematical curve-fitting
techniques to find them.
● Set up a characterization table consisting of several break points (data
points) on the curve of the solution’s concentration-to-density
function.
Thermo Fisher can help you define a solution characterization if you have
trouble using either of these methods.
Defining a It is likely that you know or can find your process material’s density-to-
concentration relationship. To define a solution characterization
Solution polynomial, you need to express this relationship as a suitable fourth-order
Polynomial polynomial and enter its coefficients in the Set up Density menu.
To be suitable, the polynomial must meet the following criteria:
● It must track the solution’s density-to-concentration relationship over a
broad range, not just the range of interest.
● Its slope must be non-zero and have the same sign (either positive or
negative) over the entire range of possible densities.
These requirements ensure that the gauge’s iterative calculations can
converge (produce a definite result) for every possible density. If the
calculation cannot converge at a given concentration, the gauge produces
an error when you try to measure material of the corresponding density.
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide C-1

Built-In Polynomial Coefficients
The solution characterization polynomial takes the following form:

Concentration = Adc + Bd2c + Cd3c + Ddc4 ,
where
Concentration = grams of solute per milliliter of solution (not %
solute)
dc = density change from pure solvent (solution density minus solvent
density)
A, B, C, D = polynomial coefficients to be entered
For most applications, it is sufficient to specify only the A and B
coefficients and leave C and D set to zero. This usually ensures a reasonably
well-behaved polynomial.
You can use computer curve-fitting software or matrix computation to find
the coefficients you need. Select several data points on your solution’s
density-to-concentration curve. Remember to use the change from pure
carrier density; in other words, at zero concentration the density change is
also zero. Then use computer curve-fitting software or matrix computation
(enter up to four data points and solve for the coefficients) to find
coefficients for a second, third, or fourth order polynomial. Graph the
resulting equation to make sure it meets the criteria described earlier in this
section.
To enter the coefficients, select User Defined in the solution polynomial
menu item of the density setup menu. Enter the coefficients in the
subsequent items. Enter ‘0’ for coefficients you do not need to use.
Built-In The following table lists the coefficients used for the built-in solution
polynomials.
Polynomial
Table C–1.
Coefficients
Solution Concentration (%) Coefficients
A B C D
SUCROSE 0 to 100 2.598 1.775E-1 3.503E-1 0.0
D-FRUCTOSE 0 to 60 2.559 4.315E-1 0.0 0.0
D-GLUCOSE 0 to 10 2.639 -9.384E-2 0.0 0.0
NaCl 0 to 50 1.408 1.050 -1.346 0.0
NaOH 0 to 50 8.871E-1 1.138 -1.151 1.981
KCl 0 to 24 1.571 1.082 -1.786 0.0
KOH 0 to 52 1.098 8.855E-1 -3.265E-1 0.0
HCl 0 to 40 2.035 2.411 -12.50 48.56
C-2 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Solution Concentration (%) Coefficients

A B C D
H3PO4 0 to 40 1.866 1.288 -8.047 18.07
A-LACTOSE 0 to 18 2.518 1.053 -6.338 0.0
H-LACTOSE O to 18 2.656 8.647E-1 -4.504 0.0
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide C-3

Appendix D
Attenuation Coefficients
To find the attenuation coefficient for a given process component, multiply
the coefficient for each element in the material by the element’s mass
fraction (the number of grams found in one gram of the component
material). Then add these weighted values together.
For example, a gram of solids contains 0.3 g iron, 0.6 g oxygen, and 0.1 g
silicon. From the table below, find the attenuation coefficients for iron
(0.074), oxygen (0.078), and silicon (0.078). Then the attenuation
coefficient is computed as:
0.074 x 0.3 (Fe) + 0.078 x 0.6 (O) + 0.078 x 0.1 (Si) =
0.0222 + 0.0468 + 0.0078 = 0.0768.
Note Ensure that you select coefficients from the correct column for your
source (Cs-137 or Co-60). ▲
Table D–1.
Element Atomic Weight Cs-137 Co-60
Coefficient Coefficient
1 H Hydrogen 1.0080 .1537 .1144
2 He Helium 4.0026 .0775 .0575
3 Li Lithium 6.9390 .0670 .0498
4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 .0687 .0511
5 B Boron 10.811 .0717 .0533
6 C Carbon 12.011 .0775 .0576
7 N Nitrogen 14.007 .0775 .0576
8 O Oxygen 15.999 .0775 .0577
9 F Fluorine 18.998 .0734 .0546
10 Ne Neon 20.183 .0768 .0572
11 Na Sodium 22.990 .0741 .0552
12 Mg Magnesium 24.312 .0766 .0570
13 Al Aluminum 26.982 .0749 .0557
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide D-1


14 Si Silicon 28.066 .0776 .0576
15 P Phosphorus 30.974 .0755 .0559
16 S Sulfur 32.064 .0778 .0577
17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 .0749 .0554
18 Ar Argon 39.948 .0704 .0521
19 K Potassium 39.102 .0760 .0562
20 Ca Calcium 40.080 .0782 .0578
21 Sc Scandium 44.956 .0730 .0539
22 Ti Titanium 47.900 .0722 .0533
23 V Vanadium 50.942 .0711 .0524
24 Cr Chromium 51.996 .0728 .0535
25 Mn Manganese 54.938 .0719 .0528
26 Fe Iron (Steel) 55.847 .0738 .0542
27 Co Cobalt 58.933 .0727 .0535
28 Ni Nickel 58.710 .0759 .0556
29 Cu Copper 63.546 .0729 .0533
30 Zn Zinc 65.370 .0734 .0537
31 Ga Gallium 69.720 .0713 .0521
32 Ge Germanium 72.590 .0711 .0517
33 As Arsenic 74.922 .0713 .0518
34 Se Selenium 78.960 .0701 .0507
35 Br Bromine 79.904 .0715 .0516
36 Kr Krypton 83.800 .0708 .0508
37 Rb Rubidium 85.470 .0712 .0513
38 Sr Strontium 87.620 .0716 .0515
39 Y Yttrium 88.905 .0725 .0521
40 Zr Zirconium 91.220 .0733 .0523
41 Nb Niobium 92.906 .0745 .0528
42 Mo Molybdenum 95.940 .0741 .0526
43 Tc Technetium 97.000 .0739 .0523
44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 .0741 .0522
45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 .0754 .0529
46 Pd Palladium 106.40 .0749 .0523
D-2 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific


47 Ag Silver 107.87 .0763 .0531
48 Cd Cadmium 112.40 .0753 .0521
49 In Indium 114.82 .0760 .0524
50 Sn Tin 118.69 .0756 .0518
51 Sb Antimony 121.75 .0761 .0518
52 Te Tellurium 127.60 .0747 .0506
53 I Iodine 126.90 .0772 .0521
54 Xe Xenon 131.30 .0768 .0515
55 Cs Cesium 132.91 .0780 .0521
56 Ba Barium 137.34 .0777 .0516
57 La Lanthanum 138.91 .0791 .0522
58 Ce Cerium 140.12 .0805 .0530
59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 .0825 .0538
60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 .0829 .0538
61 Pm Promethium 145.00 .0837 .0540
62 Sm Samarium 150.35 .0842 .0539
63 Eu Europium 151.96 .0857 .0546
64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 .0854 .0541
65 Tb Terbium 158.92 .0867 .0545
66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50 .0873 .0545
67 Ho Holmium 164.93 .0886 .0549
68 Er Erbium 167.26 .0899 .0554
69 Tm Thulium 168.93 .0913 .0559
70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 .0921 .0561
71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 .0934 .0566
72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 .0943 .0567
73 Ta Tantalum 180.94 .0960 .0572
74 W Tungsten 183.85 .0976 .0576
75 Re Rhenium 186.20 .0986 .0580
76 Os Osmium 190.20 .1011 .0582
77 Ir Iridium 192.20 .1011 .0586
78 Pt Platinum 195.09 .1029 .0593
79 Au Gold 196.97 .1054 .0600
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide D-3


80 Hg Mercury 200.59 .1063 .0603
81 Tl Thallium 204.37 .1072 .0606
82 Pb Lead 207.19 .1090 .0611
83 Bi Bismuth 208.98 .1115 .0620
84 Po Polonium 209.00 .1142 .0631
85 At Astatine 210.00 .1176 .0643
86 Rn Radon 222.00 .1148 .0624
87 Fr Francium 223.00 .1182 .0636
88 Ra Radium 226.00 .1200 .0642
89 Ac Actinium 227.00 .1234 .0654
90 Th Thorium 232.00 .1242 .0655
91 Pa Protactinium 231.00 .1286 .0673
92 U Uranium 238.00 .1285 .0668
93 Np Neptunium 237.00 .1338 .0687
94 Pu Plutonium 244.00 .1357 .0701
95 Am Americium 243.00 .1384 .0708
96 Cm Curium 247.00 .1418 .0722
97 Bk Berkelium 247.00 .1459 .0736
98 Cf Californium 251.00 .1476 .0738
99 Es Einsteinium 254.00 .1486 .0742
D-4 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Appendix E
Loading New Application Software
This appendix describes the procedure to upgrade the gauge’s main
software.
Equipment Required:
● PC loaded with Microsoft Windows operating system and at least one
serial port
● Thermo Fisher’s downloader program for Windows (P/N 962-200004)
● RS485/RS232 adapter
● Suitable interconnect cables (from gauge to adapter and from adapter
to PC)
Procedure:
1. Open the downloader program and select File > Download PROM
Image.
Figure E–1.
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide E-1

Loading New Application Software
2. The PROM Image Transfers dialogue appears. Either enter the location
of the PROM image or click Browse to locate the image.
Figure E–2.
3. Restart the gauge by cycling power.
Note The gauge only accepts software updates within 20 seconds of

reboot. In this mode, the gauge flashes the yellow LED on its CPU card. ▲
4. Initiate the download by clicking DNLD to Gauge. If successful, the

program displays “Starting Download” on the bottom status bar.
The download takes approximately four minutes to complete. Once done,
the program reports “Download Successful”.
After performing a validity check of the newly received image, the gauge
then boots with the software upgrade. The yellow LED stops flashing and
remains on.
E-2 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Appendix F
Menu Structure Quick Reference
This chapter provides an overview of the instrument’s menu structure. The
top-level menu headings are addressed in the first table. The following
tables contain the functions included under each top-level menu heading.
It is important to remember that some functions are not always available or
are worded differently.
Table F–1. Top-level menu headings
Menu Item Notes
Set up density, density alarms, & flow Includes basic items required for gauge
setup.
Set up additional measurement (readouts) Define up to seven additional measurements.
Gauge fine tuning (time constant, STD, CAL, Edit the time constant, perform a
etc.) standardization, and perform a calibration.
Modify or re-assign current output Define the maximum/minimum values for the
current output.
Set up fault alarms or change process alarm Assign commands to be executed as alarm
assignments indicators, process alarms to measurements,
or alarm indicators to fault or warning
alarms.
Set up and control totalizers Set up totalizers used to “count” mass or
volume. Only displayed if flow input is set up
and a mass-flow or volume-flow
measurement is defined.
Action items: (erase memory, clear alarms, Access common actions items (commands),
hold output, etc.) alarm commands, hold commands, serial port
related items, and totalizer related items.
Set up serial port or special functions Configure the serial port and other special
functions.
Security, service and diagnostic functions Set password protection and access
diagnostic screens and system test menu
items.
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide F-1

Table F–2. Set up density, density alarms, & flow

Menu Item Notes
Sensor uses...source head Specify the source head used with your
gauge.
Material type and associated parameters Specify material type as slurry, solution,
emulsion, or single-phase.
Pipe inside diameter Specify the inside diameter of the process
pipe.
Process temperature compensation setup Set up temperature compensation if
required.
Select primary measurement/units Specify the primary measurement and
measurement units.
Measure range for current output Specify measurement values that correspond
to maximum/minimum current output values.
Set up alarm 1 Set up process alarms.
Flow input setup Set up the gauge to accept flow input signal.
Standardization Define the standard configure and measure
standardization value.
Density gauge calibration Specify a calibration measurement (if single-
phase material type)
Table F–3. Set up additional measurements

Menu Item Notes
Assign & set up measurement 2 Assign a readout to measurement 2.
Select measurement readout type Select measurement readout of density, bulk
density, etc. and specify measurement units.
Density units = g/ml Specify units for selected measurement.
Set up alarm 2 (alarm point, etc.) Displayed if an alarm is assigned to the
selected measurement.
Highest expected reading Enter a value greater than 9999 to enable the
Display Scaling menu items.
F-2 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Table F–4. Gauge fine tuning

Menu Item Notes
Time constant setup Specify the system (averaging) time
constants for normal and alternate modes.
Process temperature compensation setup Set up temperature compensation for the
density measurement.
Sensor head standardization Contains menu items pertaining to the
standardization measurement.
Density gauge calibration Contains menu items pertaining to
calibration measurements.
Flow input setup Set up the gauge to accept 4–20 mA flow
sensor signal as an input.
Table F–5. Modify/reassign current output

Menu Item Notes
Current output span Specify maximum/minimum current output
values.
Assignment measurement(s) to current Assign a measurement to the current output.
output
Correction factors for current output at max Set up scale factors that allow the current
and min output to be adjusted to compensate for
small differences between systems.
Current output hold value (% of scale) Set a command to hold the current output at
specified value.
Table F–6. Set up fault alarms/process alarm assignments

Menu Item Notes
Set up for alarms to execute commands Assign pairs of commands to be executed
when process alarms are set/cleared.
Assign alarms to measurements Assign alarms to additional measurements.
Assign action to warning alarms and fault Specify alarm indicators for warning and
alarms fault alarms.
Assign action to mode alarms Specify alarm indicators for mode alarms.
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide F-3

Table F–7. Set up and control totalizers

Menu Item Notes
Assign & set up totalizer 1 Set up totalizers.
Totalizer action items Set commands to control totalizers.
Table F–8. Action items

Menu Item Notes
Command action items (clear memory, etc.) Set common commands (restart system,
clear memory, clear holds).
Alarm action items (view, clear, etc.) View alarm action items.
Hold action items (hold reading, etc.) Set hold commands (clear holds, hold current
output, hold density).
Serial port related action items Set special purpose commands related to the
RS485 port.
Totalizer action items Set commands to clear, inhibit, and enable
totalizers.
Modify port 2 RS485 configuration Specify settings for the RS485 serial port and
the unit number for party-line
communications.
Set up port 2 RS485 data transmission (data Set up data streaming for the RS485 port.
streaming)
Special functions Access commands to enable/disable various
special purpose functions.
Table F–9. Security, service, and diagnostic functions

Menu Item Notes
Security items: (password, etc.) Set a password for access to the setup
menus.
Diagnostics: system test, related items Run system self-test and view alarm status
and other internal system parameters.
User service & related items Access hold commands useful for
diagnostics.
F-4 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Appendix G
Toxic & Hazardous Substances
Tables*
*English and Chinese versions.
The Toxic and Hazardous Substances tables can be found on the following
page.
Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide G-1

Toxic & Hazardous Substances Tables*
G-2 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

81 Wyman Street
P.O. Box 9046
Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9046
United States
www.thermofisher.com

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DensityPRO C

Gamma Density System

Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide v

Chapter 1 Product Overview ............................................................................................. 1-1

Chapter 2 User Interface .................................................................................................... 2-1

Chapter 3 Basic Configuration.......................................................................................... 3-1

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide vii

Set up Process Alarms.......................................................................... 3-8

Chapter 4 Calibration Procedures ....................................................................................4-1

Chapter 5 Set up Additional Measurements ..................................................................5-1

Chapter 6 Gauge Fine Tuning ............................................................................................6-1

Chapter 7 Current Output, Alarms, & Totalizers.............................................................7-1

viii DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Modify / Reassign Current Outputs .................................................... 7-2

Chapter 8 Action Items ....................................................................................................... 8-1

Chapter 9 Serial Ports & Special Functions .................................................................. 9-1

Chapter 10 Diagnostics & Service Menus ..................................................................... 10-1

Chapter 11 Maintenance.................................................................................................... 11-1

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide ix

Chapter 12 Troubleshooting & Service ...........................................................................12-1

Appendix A Ordering Information .......................................................................................A-1

Appendix C Solution Characterization............................................................................... C-1

Appendix D Attenuation Coefficients .................................................................................D-1

Appendix E Loading New Application Software............................................................. E-1

Appendix F Menu Structure Quick Reference ..................................................................F-1

Appendix G Toxic & Hazardous Substances Tables* .....................................................G-1

x DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Safety Failure to follow appropriate safety procedures or inappropriate use of the

Warning Warnings notify users of procedures, practices, conditions, etc.

Caution Cautions notify users of operating procedures, practices,

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide xi

Note Notes emphasize important or essential information or a statement of

xii DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Standardization There are four methods of standardization: on water, on process, deferred,

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide xiii

Common Direct Table QS–1.

xiv DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide 1-1

Detector- The gauge uses a scintillator-type detector to measure the radiation

1-2 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Inputs & Outputs Table 1–2.

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide 1-3

1-4 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide 2-1

1. Scroll to the desired menu item.

2-2 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Following is an example of how to locate a direct entry code for a menu

1. From the measurement display, press EXIT SETUP on the keypad or x

3. Press the down arrow.

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide 2-3

By default, the fourth line displays the For Setup… message or

Figure 2–4. Example density measurement

2-4 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide 3-1

3-2 DensityPRO C User Guide Thermo Fisher Scientific

Thermo Fisher Scientific DensityPRO C User Guide 3-3

6. Material density varies with temperature. In many applications, this

Note To use temperature compensation, specify material densities that are