Artikel KZP
Artikel KZP
Artikel KZP
Abstract— The adsorption of acid dye (AB80) onto the prepared adsorbents from water hyacinth, Hyacinth Black
Carbon (HBC) and Hyacinth Activated Carbon (HAC), were investigated. Batch isotherm studies were carried out
under varying experimental conditions of contact time, temperature, and pH. The adsorption efficiency study was also
compared to the Commercial Activated Carbon (CAC). The study results indicated that the prepared adsorbents from
hyacinth, HBC and HAC, could be substantially used for the adsorption of acid dye (AB80) as compared with the
commercial activated carbon, CAC. The HAC also presented the comparable efficiency to CAC. Base on the Langmuir
isotherm, the monolayer adsorption capacity was determined to be 5.75, 56.50, and 100.00 mg/g for HBC, HAC, and
CAC, respectively. The RL values showed that all adsorbents were favourable for the adsorption of acid dye (AB80).
Base on Freundlich isotherms, the magnitudes of 1/n for Freundlich isotherms were revealed to lie between zero to one,
indicating that acid dye (AB80) is favorably adsorbed by all three adsorbents. The results of isotherm adsorption study
elucidated that HBC was fitted to Langmuir model with high correlation (R2) of 0.997 while HAC and CAC were well
fitted to Freundlich model with favorable correlation (R2) of 0.990 and 0.991, respectively.
Keywords— Adsorption, acid dye (AB80), water hyacinth, sodium chloride activation, activated carbon.
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P. Tarapitakcheevin, P. Weerayutsil, and K. Khuanmar / GMSARN International Journal 7 (2013) 83 - 90
2.2 Characterization of the activated carbons adjusting the pH of the solution with 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M
NaOH solutions.
Adsorbent was characterized as a specific surface area
(SBET) by the conventional adsorption of N2 at 77 K 2.6 Adsorption isotherms
(Autosorb I MP, Quantachrome). The morphology of the
The adsorption isotherm studies were determined by
adsorbents, after being coated with gold, was
contacting a constant mass 0.1 g of adsorbent material
characterized by SEM (LEO SEM 1450VP, U.K.).
with a range of different concentrations of dye solutions
2.3 Preparation of dye solution from 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, and 200 mg/L and
the solutions were adjusted to neutral pH. All
The adsorption studies were carried out with color of
experiments were conducted in 250 ml of glass bottle
Acid Blue 80. The acid dye (AB80) was used without
with working volume of 50 ml. The mixture of each
further purification. Acid Blue dye has an empirical
batch was constantly agitated by orbital shaker at speed
formula of C32H28N2Na2O8S2, molecular weight of
of 200 rpm and controlled temperature at 25 οC. After
678.68 g/mol, and its chemical structure of the acid dye
equilibrium time shaking, water samples were filtered
is shown in Fig.1. The dye solution of 1000 mg/L was
with filter disk 0.45 µm to remove the adsorbent and the
prepared from Acid Blue 80 (dye content 40 %) for
water samples were measured concentration by UV-Vis
single solution which was dissolved in heated deionized
Spectrophotometer. The experimental results were
water and made up to 1000 ml for the concentrated stock
evaluated in terms of fitting with Langmuir and
solution. The concentration of acid dye was analyzed by
Freundlich model.
Shimadzu-1601 UV-visible using the maximum UV
absorption (λmax) of acid dye solution that was fixed for
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
measuring its color concentrations.
3.1 Characterization of adsorbents and adsorbate
The prepared adsorbents as Hyacinth Black Carbon
(HBC) and Hyacinth Activated Carbon (HAC),
characterized for the specific surface area (SBET) and
morphology are shown in Table 1. Specific surface areas
(SBET) of prepared adsorbents without and with activation
were found to be 158.22m2/g and 745.13m2/g,
respectively. Fluka 05120 selected as the representative
of Commercial Activated Carbon (CAC), with BET
results from other researchers reported that its surface
Fig. 1. The chemical structure of Acid Blue 80.
area is in the range of 788-1110 m2/g.
84
P. Tarapitakcheevin, P. Weerayutsil, and K. Khuanmar / GMSARN International Journal 7 (2013) 83 - 90
0.8
(a) HBC with magnification 500X
A bsor banc e
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Wavelength (nm)
Fig. 3. Absorption spectra for Acid Blue 80 solution.
H H C
B A A
C C C
HAC, and (c) CAC %
( )
6
0
l
The morphology examinations of adsorbent particles a
v
o
using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images m
4
0
e
are shown in Fig.2 (a)-(c). Fig 2 (a) presents the SEM R
e
image for HBC, indicating the surface texture was rough y
2
0
D
and irregular. The SEM image for HAC shown in Fig 2
(b), reveal the texture having the pores within the
0
0
5
0
1
0
0
1
5
0
2
0
0
2
5
0
3
0
0
3
5
0
4
0
0
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P. Tarapitakcheevin, P. Weerayutsil, and K. Khuanmar / GMSARN International Journal 7 (2013) 83 - 90
1
0
0
anionic dyes adsorption removal will increase at low pH
solution, while the percentage of dye removal will
8
0
decrease at high pH solution. An investigation of the
effect of pH adsorption of acid dye was carried out at pH
%
( )
6
0
range of 2-10 for 240 minutes. The experimental results
l
H H C
B A A
C C C
illustrated that there was no significant variation in the a
v
o
4
0
amount of solute adsorbed on CAC. The adsorption on m
HAC slightly decreased as increasing pH. Notably, the e
R
adsorption on HBC significantly decreased as increasing e
y
2
0
pH as shown in Fig.5. D
The adsorption of both activated carbons, CAC and
0
HAC, seem not to be affected by the charges in the pH of
1
0
the solution. Similar results were reported for the
p
H
activated carbon adsorption of tannery dye on which is
classified as an acidic dye [18] and Acid Blue (AB25)
[16]. An explanation of this behavior might be the Fig. 5. Effect of pH on acid dye (AB80) adsorption by HBC,
presence of both negatively and positively charge HAC, and CAC.
function groups in the dye molecules. At low pH
1
0
0
solution, more hydrogen ions (H+) are in the solution
making the adsorbent surface more positive, thereby
increasing electrostatic attraction between the negative
8
charge SO3- anion of the dye and the activated adsorbent. 0
Likewise, at high pH, most favorable adsorption %
6
0
( )
H H C
B A A
C C C
occurred due to interaction of amines groups of Acid l
a
v
Blue (AB80). It is possibly to conclude that both acidic o
4
0
3
0
4 ,
0
5
0
substance [16].
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
An explanation of HBC adsorption behavior which has C o
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P. Tarapitakcheevin, P. Weerayutsil, and K. Khuanmar / GMSARN International Journal 7 (2013) 83 - 90
4
0
H
B
C
CAC
y
=
0
.
1
7
4
x
+
1
.
6
9
7
3
0
R
R2 RL*
=
0
.
9
9
7
2
Adsorbents qm KL
(mg/g) (L/mg)
HBC 5.75 0.10 0.997 0.05-0.67
2
0
q
/e
e HAC 56.50 0.09 0.964 0.05-0.69
C CAC 100.00 0.15 0.940 0.03-0.57
* RL indicates the shape of isotherm [22].
1
0
RL > 1 Unfavorable
RL = 1 Linear
0
5
0
1
0
0
1
5
0
2
0
0
RL = 0 Irreversible
C
e
H
A
C
given by Eq (1).
y
=
0
.
0
1
7
x
+
0
.
1
9
4
1
.
5
R
=
0
.
9
6
4
2
1
.
0
q
/e
e where qm and KL are Langmuir parameters related to
C maximum adsorption capacity (mg/g) and free energy of
adsorption (L/mg), respectively. Ce is the equilibrium
0
.
5
2
0
4
0
6
0
8
0
1
0
0
(b) HAC
0
.
4
C
A
C
y
=
0
.
0
1
0
x
+
0
.
0
6
6
qe
/ three adsorbents. The maximum sorption capacity of
e
C
HBC, HAC, and CAC for AB80 was found to be 5.75,
0
.
1
1
0
1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
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P. Tarapitakcheevin, P. Weerayutsil, and K. Khuanmar / GMSARN International Journal 7 (2013) 83 - 90
where RL is a dimensionless separation factor, C0 is the Table 3. Freundlich Isotherm constants for HBC, HAC,
initial solution concentration and KL is Langmuir and CAC
constant (L/mg). Table 2 shows the calculate RL values
of HBC, HAC, and CAC. The values were in the range Adsorbents KF 1/n R2
of 0-1 which confirmed the favorable adsorption of (L/mg)
AB80 on the adsorbents. HBC 1.05 0.352 0.907
HAC 6.77 0.480 0.990
1
.
0
R
=
0
.
9
0
7
2
o
l equation predicts that the dye concentration on the
adsorbent will increase so long as there is an increased in
0
.
2
0
.
5
1
.
0
1
.
5
2
.
0
2
.
5
l
o
g
C
e
H
A
C
y
=
0
.
4
8
0
x
+
0
.
8
3
0
1
.
5
R
=
0
.
9
9
0
2
-
0
.
5
0
.
0
0
.
5
1
.
0
1
.
5
2
.
0
2
.
5
l
o
g
C
[6].
1
.
5
R
=
0
.
9
9
1
2
4. CONCLUSION
1
.
0
-
0
.
5
0
.
0
0
.
5
1
.
0
1
.
5
2
.
0
2
.
5
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P. Tarapitakcheevin, P. Weerayutsil, and K. Khuanmar / GMSARN International Journal 7 (2013) 83 - 90
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P. Tarapitakcheevin, P. Weerayutsil, and K. Khuanmar / GMSARN International Journal 7 (2013) 83 - 90
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