08 Muscular System Lab
08 Muscular System Lab
08 Muscular System Lab
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FACE AND NECK
MUSCLES OF THE
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FACE AND NECK
MUSCLES OF THE
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MUSCLES OF
THE
ANTERIOR
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TRUNK,
SHOULDER &
ARM
THE
WALL
ABDOMINAL
MUSCLES OF
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MUSCLES OF
THE
POSTERIOR
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NECK, TRUNK
& ARM
THE LEG
MUSCLES OF
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THE LEG
MUSCLES OF
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1. Direction of the
muscle fibers
*rectus (parallel)
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*transverse (perpendicular)
*oblique (at an angle)
2. Relative size of the
muscle
*longus – long
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*maximus – largest
*minimus – smallest
3. Location of the
muscle
*temporalis
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*frontalis
*occipitalis
4. Number of origins
*biceps
*triceps
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*quadriceps
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5. Location of the
muscle’s origin and
insertion
*sternocleidomastoid
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*subscapularis
*iliopsoas
6. Shape of the muscle
*deltoid – triangular
*trapezius – trapezoid
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*rhomboideus major -
rhomboid
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7. Action of
the muscle
*flexor
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*extensor
*adductor
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The muscular system is an
organ system consisting of
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skeletal, smooth and cardiac
muscles. It permits movement
of the body, maintains
posture and circulates blood
throughout the body.
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The property in muscle
and nerve fibers of
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either responding
wholly to a stimulus or
not at all.
The strength of the
stimulus must exceed a
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particular threshold or
there will be no
response, but when the
response occurs it is
total.
The law applies to
individual fibers and a
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graded response is
obtained by a variation
in the number of fibers
activated.
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- infection caused by bacteria
called Clostridium tetani.
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-C.tetani produces toxins that
causes painful muscle
contraction (it often causes a
person's neck and jaw muscles
to lock making it hard to open
the mouth or swallow)
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- the continuous and
passive partial
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contraction of the
muscles during resting
state
** even if a muscle is at
rest, some of its fibers are
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contracting –first group &
then another
**result = firm & healthy
muscle constantly ready
for action
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*Occurs when a person
is not able to take in
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oxygen fast enough to
keep the muscles
supplied with it when
they’re working
vigorously
*when muscles lack oxygen,
lactic acid begins to
accumulate, the muscles
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ATP starts to run low
causing the muscles to
contract less & less
effectively.
Finally, it stops contracting
altogether
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*The inability of a
muscle to contract even
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though it is still being
stimulated
*Without rest, an active
working muscle begins
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to tire & contracts more
quickly until it finally
ceases reacting & stops
contracting
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Attached to the
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immovable or less
immovable bone
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Attached to the movable
bone, and when the
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muscle contracts, the
muscle moves towards
the origin.
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The muscle that has the
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major responsibility for
causing a particular
movement
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Muscles that oppose or
reverse a movement.
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*when a prime mover is
active, its antagonist is
relaxed.
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(Syn = together; erg =
work)
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*help the prime movers by
producing the same
movement or by reducing
undesirable movements
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*specialized synergists
*they hold a bone still
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or stabilize the origin of
a prime mover so all
tension can be used to
move the insertion bone
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*an involuntary muscle
contraction and
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relaxation involving
oscillations or
twitching movements of
one or more body parts
*most tremors occur on
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the hands
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Atrial Fibrillation (Afib
/AF)
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- A quivering or
irregular heartbeat
(arrythmia) that can
lead to blood clots,
stroke, heart failure &
other complicated
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A brief, spontaneous
contraction affecting a
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small number of
muscle fibers, often
causing a flicker or
movement under the
skin.
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ISOTONIC CONTRACTION ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION
(same tone/tension) (same measurement /length)
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*Myofilaments are successful in * The myosin filaments are
their sliding movements. The skidding their wheels & the
muscle shortens and movement tension in the muscle keeps
occurs. increasing.
Examples: Example:
Bending the knee Pushing against a wall with bent
Rotating the arms elbows and the wall doesn’t
Smiling move.
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“Use it or lose it”
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*Muscle inactivity
always lead to muscle
weakness & wasting.
AEROBIC or
ENDURANCE
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(aerobics class, jogging,
biking)
- Result in stronger more
flexible muscles with
greater resistance to
fatigue
RESISTANCE
- When muscles are
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pitted against an
immovable object