THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

Group 7
Denny Permana
Tri Wibowo
Aulia Rizki
Deandy
Amrulah

Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris

Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni
Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
2019

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 PREFACE

Praise Allah SWT for His blessings, and we offer the opportunity to make a working
paper entitled "THE ROMANTIC PERIOD" correctly and correctly, and on time. This paper
has been prepared so that it can be downloaded from English.
This paper was prepared with the help of various parties. Both parties come from
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letters can finally be completed. This is a paper on "English Literature" and was deliberately
chosen because in today's English language it needs to have the support of all those who care
about education. .
Thank you to the lecturer / tutor in English. which has many professors helping finish
to finish this. Hopefully this article can provide broader insights for readers. Although this
article has advantages and disadvantages. To suggest and please the constituents. thanks.

Author

October 26, 2019

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 Table of Contents
PREFACE
...................................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER I
...................................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION
...................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Background of the paper
...................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Problem formulation
...................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3. Purpose
...................................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II
...................................................................................................................................... 5
THEORY AND DISCUSION
...................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1. History of the Romantic period
...................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2. Ruled in the romantic period
...................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3. Characteristic of romantic era
...................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4. The pre-romantic period
………………………………………………………………………………………….9
2.5. Literary works in the romantic period
…………………………………………………………………………………………..13
CHAPTER III
...................................................................................................................................... 18
3.1. Conclusion
...................................................................................................................................... 18
3.2. Suggest
...................................................................................................................................... 18
BIBLIOGRAPHY
...................................................................................................................................... 19

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Teeuw (in Sugiarti, 2004: 67) states that literary works cannot be separated from the author in
his society, because literary works are not present in the cultural vacuum. The author is
inseparable from the thoughts or worldviews and developments of the times. In this paper, the
author wants to explain about the literary works in the romantic period, history and
motivation that encourage the writers to use romantic flow in this era. The Romantic Period
occurred between the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. Being
called a romantic era does not mean that all literary works in this era are related to matters of
love, romance or attraction between men and women. However, this period is referred to as
the romantic era because in this period the literary ideas are dominated by elements such as
imagination, freedom of expression (expression), and idealism.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1. What is the history of the Romantic period?
2. What is the order of the king of England who ruled in the romantic period?
3. What are the characteristics of romantic era literary works?
4. What are the literary works in the pre-romantic period?
5. What are the literary works in the romantic period?

1.3 Purpose
1. Know the history of the Romantic period.
2. Know the order of the English king who ruled in the romantic period.
3. Knowing the characteristics of romantic era literary works.
4. Knowing literary works in the pre-romantic period.
5. Knowing literary works in the romantic period.

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 CHAPTER II
THEORY AND DISCUSION

2.1 History of the Romantic period

The Romantic Period occurred between the end of the 18th century to the beginning
of the 19th century. Referred to as the romantic era because in this period his literary ideas
were dominated by elements such as imagination, freedom of expression (expression), and
idealism. Literary work in this era is considered romantic because at that time the writers -
poets and authors - provide a point of emphasis on the issue of taste and feelings
(McMichael, 1997: 613). According to Thorslev Jr. (1962: 16), Romanticism is also known
to often raise themes such as liberalism, exoticism, supernaturalism, and views on nature.
Some specific themes are also related to mood. The Romantic literary movement became
widely known in Europe as Romance (Pranachitra, 2010). The starting point of the Romantic
era was the French Revolution. The French Revolution itself began in 1789 with the
principles of freedom (liberte), equality (egalite) and brotherhood (fraternite) as coined by J.J.
Rousseau.
The French Revolution occurred because the people could no longer stand the arbitrary
actions of the nobility. Absolute king's power and tax burdens which burden the people make
the people more burdened. In addition, the economic downturn in France due to extravagance
by the nobility, the absence of legal certainty, as well as the striking differences between
groups of people also became a motivation for the people to overthrow the throne. The
French Revolution broke out on July 14, 1789, marked by an attack on the Bastile prison by
the French people. They chose to attack Bastile first because (1) the Bastile prison was a
weapon and food warehouse; (2) freeing political prisoners who supported the revolutionary
movement; (3) freeing innocent people who have been arrested and imprisoned in the Bastile
prison. (Susilawati, 2010)
Another factor driving the flow of romance in this century is the Industrial Revolution. The
industrial revolution began with the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1765.
Since that discovery, another machine was born gradually. Of course, this has both positive
and negative effects. The positive impact is that humans can be helped by using machines,
more efficient production activities, and a rapidly developing economy. But on the other
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hand, the industrial revolution also caused harm to society. With the invention of machines,
the work normally done by humans is replaced by machines. Automatically, in that era many
people became unemployed. The effect of unemployment is to make many poor people
starve, and ultimately force children to work to make a living. It is mentioned in the book The
Northon Anthology of English Literature by Abrams (2000), that children and women
worked in the mines at the time. In addition to harming the community with the layoffs
(Termination of Employment) on a large scale, nature is also affected negatively. At that
time, nature in England especially experienced many changes, including pollution
everywhere, clouds darkening due to smoke from factory chimneys with large amounts
spread in the sky. In addition, building paint also turns black, due to the effects of smoke and
pollution. We can imagine at that time the natural situation in England was very bad.
Therefore, it is not uncommon for poets of that era to have themes about the poor people and
love of nature.

2.2 British kings who ruled in the romantic period

In the Romantic era, England was still led by the Hanover dynasty, precisely by King
George III who was the grandson of George II. King George II died in 1760, then he was
replaced by George III (William Frederick) until 1820. Why not be replaced by his own son,
Frederick, Prince of Wales? Because prince Frederick died first before his coronation became
king. At the age of 44 he died after a cricket ball hit his head hard. (report 6) During the reign
of George III, there were periods of transition in the political, social and economic structure.
For example, in the field of government, King George III strongly disagreed that state
government was carried out by ministers and parliament. He tried to rule this country by
applying traditional power as practiced by the Stuart dynasty. He tried to control Parliament.
By using the power of money, he bought people to be loyal to him and founded his own party
called "King's Friends" or the friends of the king. Gradually, George III was able to weaken
the Whig Party's power in parliament so that he could finally gain control of parliament.
At that time, George III led his country well, he chose the right person named Lord
North as chief minister. He has a great army too. Evidenced by his victory against France in
the Seven Years War. In addition, he was able to expand his territory to the corners of
America, Europe and even Africa. His army was also able to defeat, the greatest emperor of
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France, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte in the Waterloo war (Editor, 2016). Unfortunately, due
to the ambition of the British empire to rule the world, there have been many conflicts and
wars with other countries. For example, the war between Britain and America which
demanded independence. USA independence war in 1778-1783 resulted in the death of
George III troops in large numbers. Since that incident, many parties have opposed the king.
George III's role as king of England eroded further when William Pitt was appointed in 1784
as prime minister replacing the previous prime minister, Lord North. The situation continued
to deteriorate along with the outbreak of nerve disorders in the body of the king. The nervous
breakdown made George III go crazy in 1810. According to the doctor, he suffered from
Porphyria, where the patient suffered damage in his blood and could cause him to suffer from
an incurable mental disorder. This disease is a congenital disease since birth (Julio, 2017).
This situation made his son king George IV become the prince of Regent (the prince
representing the king).
Then when King George III died, King George IV (George August Frederick)
succeeded him. He was crowned king in 1820. He ruled for 10 years. During his tenure as
king, he lived lavishly. It protects all new forms of entertainment. For example, he
commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel the
Buckingham palace. He has a bad relationship with and his wife, Caroline Brunswick (Editor,
n.d.). He married his wife who was his cousin just to repay his debt. They then separated in
1817.
His father, King George III, considered Augustus's marriage contrary to the Royal
Marriage Act, so that his two wives did not get a title. That's because Augustus married
women from ordinary circles, not nobles.
Likewise with the two descendants of Augustus from his marriage, his two children also did
not get any titles because they were considered illegitimate children.
After the death of his brother, George IV, William IV served as king of Britain as well
as Hanover. This decision was taken because the only child of wayang king George IV,
Charlotte's daughter died while still a child. There are also those who say that the daughter of
King George IV and Caroline are illegitimate children, because King George IV married an
ordinary woman not from the nobility.

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 William IV (William Henry) himself was born on August 21, 1765 and died on June
20, 1837. King William IV had no legal descendants and was still alive. Therefore, when he
died, the royal throne was taken over by his nephew, Victoria. (BBC, 2014)

2.3 Characteristic of romantic era literary works

The most visible characteristic of literary works here is love of nature, freedom and
feelings. This is very different from the literary works that existed in the previous period, the
August Period. In the August period, the most striking feature was the system and order in
writing. These tendencies give rise to clear, thorough and simple language styles. Another
feature is the emphasis on reason because at that time there was an "intellectual revolution"
as a result of the many rapid advances in science. In addition, many of the literary works of
this era are more representative of the upper classes of society. Then, the main form of
writing poetry in the Augustinian period is the heroic couplet (Samekto, 1974)
Quoted from a book by Samekto (1974), the majority of literary works in the romantic era
received a source of inspiration from nature. Love for nature is very closely related to a deep
sympathy for the rural people and low society groups. Then, the writers in this period tend to
no longer use the writing methods that were made as a standard of writing in the previous era,
August. The choice of literary forms is determined by the conscience. The poems are written
in blank verses, poems that have no rhymes, and are no longer in heroic couplets, poems that
use the rambic iambic pentameter. In addition, the writers here also tend to choose materials
(inspiration) from within the country to become their literary works. These tendencies create
an interest in the past and the culture itself as well as in the dialects of the local people.
The reason why writers prefer to make literary works that contain outpourings of feelings is
because of the French Revolution. They empathized with the French people there because
they were oppressed and not treated arbitrarily by their king. This also happened to the
British people during the Glorious Revolution. The Gemilang Revolution itself was a major
event that occurred when the British people overthrew the power of King James II in 1688.
Because it was considered the same fate, many of the English writers were inspired by the
event. Therefore, most of the satra's works in the romantic era had the theme of freedom and
heartfelt. This is supported by thinkers who are against the absolute kingdom of France and
always act arbitrarily on their people. Thinkers intend to mobilize the power of the people
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through protests that are conveyed through their thoughts. Among these thinkers was John
Locke (1632-1704) launched his protest by proposing ideas about human rights (property
rights, freedom of rights and freedom of freedom); stated rule by law; and the need for
separation of powers. In addition, there is the most famous thought, namely, J.J. Rousseau
(1712-1778) with the words: Freedom, Equality, and Brotherhood. So, with the emergence of
J.J. Rousseau, the British writers were inspired and began to write his work with the theme of
freedom, equality of rights, and brotherhood among human beings.
In addition, explained Thorslev Jr. (1962) that Romance was a satire of people's behavior
during the Industrial Revolution in England. They are enslaved by technology, and behave
like machines. At that time, many people lost their jobs due to the discovery of machines for
production needs both in companies and agriculture. This makes many people fall into
poverty and starvation. In the end, they, especially children and women, are forced to work
odd jobs with minimum wages or even not in accordance with their working hours. In
addition, with the outbreak of the industrial revolution, making a lot of factory construction in
England. With the construction of many factories, the economy is progressing very rapidly,
but it has a bad impact on nature. It was even stated that at that time the environment in
England became full of pollution, the clouds blackened due to the effects of large amounts of
factory smoke, and even the walls of the houses of the people also faded so that Britain lost
its beauty (Abrams, 2000). Therefore, it is not uncommon for writers who use the subject of
natural love and sympathy for the poor in this period.
Literary works in this era are divided into two periods, namely pre-romantic and
Romantic itself. Pre-romantic here means the transition period from the August period to the
romantic period.

2.4 Literary works in the pre-romantic period

Poetry in the pre-romantic period
In this era, there were not too many satrawan who showed romantic tendencies. There
are some of them who still hold fast to the norms and values formed by writers in the
previous era. On the other hand, there are also poets who are able to combine the two styles,
including Thomas Gray (1716-1771), Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774), William Cowper

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(1731-1800). But there are also poets who have discovered full romantic characteristics, such
as Robert Burns and William Blake (1757-1827). (Samekto, 1974)
In his book, Samekto (1974) explains that Thomas Gray had studied at the University of
Cambridge as well as being a professor there. His work that succeeded in combining
romantic tendencies and the nature of poetry before was "Elegy Written in a Country
Churchyard" (1750). In this work, his poetry is an expression of melancholy. As is the case
with works of romance, nature and rural settings become the background of the flow of
emotions. In addition, this work also contains sympathy for the rural people. However, the
language style that he uses is not excessive, neat, careful, clean. These characteristics can
only be found in the literary works of the Augustinian period. This great work has been
worked on for 9 years. This is proof that he really wants to make this work as well as
possible. Other poems he wrote were "The Fatal Sisters" and "The Descent of Odin". These
poems tell Scandinavian mythology. Romantic tendencies can be seen clearly here, with how
Thomas recounts mythology which is not a classical mythology.
In the scope of poetry, Oliver Goldsmith is known for his poem "The Deserted Village". The
poem he wrote by following the existing rules, namely heroic couplet. In addition, in the
choice of words, he also still uses conventional methods. The element of romance lies in the
depiction of nature and sympathy for the little people in the countryside. Actually, he is better
known in the fields of prose and drama than poetry.
In William Cowper's poems also found a romantic element, there are some poems that have
an element of love for nature, sympathy for the little people. However, as with Oliver
Goldsmith, he still uses old rules in his writing, such as heroic couplets and conventional
language styles. His works include "John Gilpin" and "The Task". His work "The Task" is
very remembered and is still sung in the churches today. (Samekto, 1974)
Robert Burns is a poet who was born and raised in a rural area. His family works as a farmer.
He is known as a genius poet who always relies on his instincts in the making of his poems.
His poem entitled "Heaven-taught Plowman" is a spontaneous poem and an overflow of
feelings (Abrams, 2000). In addition, he also uses his own local language, namely the
Scottish dialect. (Samekto, 1974) Here it can be seen, that Robert Burns really applied a
romantic element to his poem. His poems with natural backgrounds include "To a Mountain
Daisy", "Winter", "Ye banks and braes o 'bonic Doon" and "To a Mouse". Then "I Love my
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Jean" and "To Mary in Heaven" are his work with the theme of love coming out of the heart
and at the same time touching the heart. In addition, he also created poetry that tells of his
love at the place of birth, this causes a sense of patriotism in people who read it. His poems
include "Scots wha hae wi" Wallace bled ". Then, he also has poems with the theme of
humanity and respect for individuals, namely "A man's a man for a 'that" and "Auld Lang
Syne".
William Blake is a great poet and a great painter.
Blake found a relief carving method that was able to combine his poetry and paintings so that
they formed a unified work (Buckley, 2005). He is known as a mystic and likes to see
supernatural fantasies (visions) since childhood (Samekto, 1974). His biographer, Bentley
(2001), recounted, "One day his mother beat him for running in and said that he saw Jehovah
the Prophet under the Tree in the Field". along with his extraordinary eyesight, Blake tends to
be severely depressed (Buckley, 2005). No doubt, his poems are full of natural paintings with
all the inhabitants, including spirits. For Blake, nature and all creatures have a cosmic
meaning, that is, everything is related to the other as an integral part of God and also where
God resides. As in his work entitled "Jerusalem" and "Milton". The work is difficult to
understand because according to Blake's information, the poems were directly detected by
supernatural forces. In addition, he also has other works that have romantic tendencies such
as those gathered in "Song of Innocence" and "Song of Experience.

Prose in the pre-romantic period

In this transition era, new types of literary works have begun to emerge, namely
novels. The novel is a genre of prose that features the most complete story elements, has a
broad media, besides that the novel also presents the most extensive social problems. In
general, a novel tells the story of the characters and their behavior in everyday life. Therefore,
the novel is said to be the most sociological and responsive genre because it is very sensitive
to sociohistorical fluctuations (Ratna, 2004: 336).
The first novel writer in the history of English literature was Samuel Richardson (1689-
1761). He discovered this type of novel by chance. One day he was asked by the publisher to
write a "letter book" which could be used as a guide in writing a letter. Then, the result is not
a loose letter that is easy to use as an example, but a series of letters that relate to each other
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and the whole is a story. The title of Richardson's novel is "Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded".
This novel was published in 4 volumes and was issued successively between 1740-1741. The
story in the novel is the story that happened in didri a housemaid girl who got the temptations
from her master. He also wrote another novel namely "Clarissa, or The History of a Young
Lady" which was published in 8 volumes and published between 1747-1748. Then, his last
novel is "Sir Charles Grandison" in 7 volumes. Richardon acknowledged that all his work
aimed at teaching policy and manners (Samekto, 1974).
Henry Fielding (1707-1754) wrote his first work in 1742, entitled "Joseph Andrews". This
work contains parodies and taunts that are tempted against "Pamela". The story is about a
male domestic helper who is tempted by her female employer. The novel written by Fielding
is full of humor, realistic and even harsh words, without moral commentary or the virtues of
the characters in the story. Then, his best work is "The History of Tom Jones a Foundling"
(1749). This novel is better than the first in terms of story order and characterization. The
writing technique used by Fielding in writing novels is different from Richardson. If
Richardson uses the "letter technique", Fielding uses the "God's eye technique". In the "letter
technique", the story is told by the characters themselves through their letters. While the
"God's eye technique", the writer stands outside the story, and tells about the characters and
all the events that occur in the story. As if the author knows and sees everything, just like
God.
Samekto (1974) added that other novel writers who contributed to the growth of the novel
were Tolbiah Smollet (1721-1771), Lawrence Sterne (1713-1768). Smollet's works are
"Roderick Random" (1748), "Peregrine Pickle" (1751) and Humprey Clinker "(1771). Each
of these works tells about the adventures and adventures of the perpetrators so that the work
resembles a "picaresque chronicle". The technique of characterizing some of the Smollet
characters is similar to that used by Ben Johnson in "Every a Man in His Humor", which
exaggerates the character's unique traits so that it resembles a caricature. Then, there was also
Oliver Goldsmith's contribution in the field of prose. His work "The Vicar of Wakefield"
(1766) tells the story of the home life of someone who was an earthy clergyman who was
happy and then experienced various ordeals, but did not shake the faith of his kerokhaniawan.
This novel is free from sentimental or harsh tones. The technique used by Goldsmith and

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Smollet is the "epistolary technique", which is the story told by the author or one of the
story's characters, as his own experience unless he tells stories directly without a letter.

Drama in the pre-romantic period
A number of dramas that appeared in this period were comedy genre. These plays
were composed by Goldsmith da Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816). Goldsmith wrote two
comedies, "The Good Natured Man" (1768) and "She Stoops to Conquer" (1773). His play
"The Good Natured Man" successfully attracted the attention of the audience when it was
shown in Covent Park in 1768 (O'Shaughnessy, 2016). Sheridan created "The Rivals" (1775),
"The School for Scandal" (1777), and The Critic (1779). According to Samekto (1974), the
comedy created by Sheridan is full of brilliant dialogue like that in the Restoration period, but
there are no obscene words in it. The weakness of the Sheridan drama is superficial.

2.5 Literary works in the romantic period

In this period, writers have fully used the romantic elements in their literary works.

Poetry in the romantic period

Here, the writers put emphasis on feeling and spontaneity in each of his poems. The
great poets of this era include: William Wordswoth (1770-1850), Samuel Taylor Coleridge
(1772-1854), Robert Southey (1774-1843), Lord Byron (1788-1824), Percy Byssge Shelley
(1792-1822) ), John Keats (1795-1821), and Walter Scott (1771-1832). (Samekto, 1974).
William Wordsworth was born in Cockermouth, United Kingdom, 7 April 1770 and
died in Cumberland, England, 23 April 1850 at the age of 80 years (Mahyudi, 2015). When
the French Revolution broke out, he went to France to join the extreme revolutionaries, but
his sympathy turned into hatred after the excesses of cruelty and Napoleon's rule began. But
the ideals championed by the French Revolution kept it alive. This is evident in the works he
produces. The subject of his poem is the life of simple people, and expressed in plain
language too. Wordswoth's humanity is closely related to nature. According to him, every
time he contemplates nature, he is always made aware of the misery suffered by humans. His
works that tell of simple people include: "The Solitarity Reaper", "To a Highland Girl",
"Michael", and "Stepping Westward" (Samekto, 1974).
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 Besides the existence of natural elements attached to his poems, there are some of his
works that have to do with mystical things, such as Blake's. According to him, life in this
world is just a link in the eternal human soul's existence, so that children are closer to God
than adults. Being close to God means being close to nature, therefore a child of a child is
always pure in heart and has true happiness. Among his works that tell about children and
nature are: "Tintern Abbey", "The Rainbow", "Ode to Duty", and "Intimations of Immortality
from Recollections of Early Childhood" (Samekto, 1974). Other famous works are collected
in Lyrical Ballads. (1798) (Mahyudi, 2015).
Samuel Taylor Coleridge is a British poet, critic and philosopher. Born on October 21,
1772 at Ottery St. Mary in the United Kingdom and died on July 25, 1834 in Highgate,
United Kingdom (Mahyudi, 2015). He wrote "Ode on The Destruction of the Bastille" which
tells of his fondness for freedom. At that time he was very enthusiastic about the French
Revolution. However, in the end, he experienced disappointment with the French Revolution.
His disappointment was poured in his poem "Ode to France". Almost the same as
Wordswoth, although disappointed, but the ideal of the French Revolution is still felt in
writing the poems "Kubla Khan", "Christabel", and "The Rime of The Ancient Mariner".
Selalin full of enthusiasm for freedom, these works also have an imagination tendency and
give the impression of wonder. His best poems were also compiled in Lyrical Ballad together
with those of Wordswoth (Samekto, 1974).
Another poet is Robert Southey. He is the most productive poet as evidenced by the
large number of writings produced, namely 109 volumes and 150 articles. But the quality is
no better than his two colleagues, Coleridge and Wordswoth. Coleridge was a poet who was
very critical of the British government and the war they fought against France. His first major
poem was "Joan of Arc", an epic poem in ten books which he began writing in 1793, and was
published in 1796. It was about a previous war between Britain and France, and he sided with
the French side, and was very critical against Britain. In his work, he upholds human dignity
with his sympathy towards the small people. This can be seen in his work entitled "The
Scholar", "The Incape Rock", and "The Well of St. Keyne "(Samekto, 1974). Southey has a
real attraction with the country and distant places. This can be seen from the lengthy poem,
for example, "Thalaba the Destroyer" has a background in Saudi Arabia, "Madoc" with a
setting in Mexico, and "The Curse of Kehama" is set in India.
14
 George Gordon Byron (1788-1824), better known as Lord Byron, was an early 19th
century person from a handsome, talented, wealthy modern bad-boy rock star. However, not
many people know if Byron is someone who is paralyzed. According to Gamble (1974),
throughout Byron's life, he has written some of the most beautiful poems in the Romantic
period, including "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage", "Don Juan," and short lyrics such as "She
Walks in Beauty," and "So, We'll Go No More A Roving ". He has an emotional, sensitive,
and stubborn nature. In fact he did not hesitate to rebel the public. Byron really hates
oppression, and therefore, he often voiced his dissatisfaction with the French Revolution. can
be seen in his literary work entitled "English Bard s and Scotch Reviewer ". This satire work
is written in the form of a heroic couplet and its contents are an all-out attack on people who
criticize his first work, "Hours of Idleness". Besides poetry he also wrote plays entitled
"Manfred" and "Cain" (Samekto, 1974)
Percy Bysshe Shelley was born as heir to a wealthy estate and son of a Member of
Parliament. In 1810, he went to University College, Oxford to study there (Poemhunter.com,
2004). Like Byron, Shelley is a rebellious poet. He rebelled for reasons of humanity and on
the basis of ideals to build a new society that is happy, free from oppression, and filled with a
sense of brotherhood so that conventional institutions are no longer needed. In Shelley's soul
there is a soul that is always aware of an ideal, and she realizes that the pursuit of the ideal is
futile. This can be seen in his work entitled "Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude" (1816). In his
work, he tells of his failure in pursuing the ideal. In addition to writing poetry, he also wrote
the drama drama "Prometheus Unbound" (1818-1820). The contents of the work are
statements of a revolutionary who wants to break down the existing social order and build a
new society. Another of his works is "Adonais" which contains an outpouring of sadness over
the death of John Keats. Then he also wrote short lyrics such as "Ode to the West Wind", "To
A Skylark", which expressed his love for nature (Samekto, 1974).
John Keats was born in London, England, on October 31, 1795, John Keats devoted
his short life to the perfection of poetry marked by vivid imagery, great sensual appeal, and
efforts to express philosophy through classical legends. He had received medical education as
a surgeon. He finally studied medicine at a London hospital and became a licensed
pharmacist in 1816. But Keats's career in medicine never really happened. Even when he
studied medicine, Keats' attachment to literature and art never stopped. Through his friend,
15
Cowden Clarke, whose father was the principal at Enfield, Keats met the publisher, Leigh
Hunt of The Examiner. In 1813 he was in prison for insulting Prince Regent, George IV
(Editors, 2014).
Someone who was instrumental in Keats in his career was his friend, Hunt. Through
Hunt, Keats was introduced to politics and greatly influenced what he included in his work.
In addition, Hunt also introduced the young poet to a group of other British poets, including
Percy Bysshe Shelley and Williams Wordsworth. In 1817, Keats used his new friendship to
publish the volume of his first poem, "Poems" by John Keats. The following year, Keats
published "Endymion," a four thousand line poem based on Greek myths (Editors, 2014).
Subsequently, Keats published "Isabella," a poem that tells the story of a woman who fell in
love with a man under her social position. From this it seems clear that the subject of poetry
is merely individual feelings and the beauty of the physical world. In addition, he also wrote
several poems in a melancholy tone, this tendency was revealed in his lyrics "The Ode on a
Grecian Urn", "Ode to A Nightingale", and "Ode to Autumn". Not only that, he also wrote
long poems "Hyperion" and "The Eve of St. Agnes "which has a classic theme in medieval
times. (Samekto, 1974).
Walter Scott is a poet who did not make the French Revolution his motivation for
creativity. Even the subject of his work is his own homeland, Scotland. Scott's first poem is
"The Lay of the Last Minstrel" (1805) which is a historical romance. Previously, he had also
written ancient Scottish ballads, such as "Minstresly of The Scottish Border". Furthermore,
the long poems he wrote were "Marmion" and "The Lad of the Lake". The poems are full of
movements, heroic characters and tense events, without an imagination that bounces but has a
language that is difficult to understand (Samekto, 1974).

Prose in the romantic period

The work of prose is not as much as poetry at this time. The majority of prose that emerge at
this time are non-fiction prose, such as history, biography, literary criticism, scientific
discussion, religion, essay and so on. Famous prose in this era is the "Essays of Elijah" by
Charles Lamb. Lamb also wrote "Tales from Shakespeare". In addition to Lamb ad, Thomas
de Quincey also wrote the autobiography "Confessions of an English Opium Eater". Then
"Lectures on The English Poets" and "The Character's of Shakespeare's Plays".
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In the field of novels, there are Walter Scott novels called "historical romance". Called like
that because the characters and scenes are taken from the past and not all from real history.
Among his works are "Guy Mannering" (1815), "The Heart of Midlothian" (1818). "The
Bride of Lammermoor" (1819), "Ivanhoe" (1820), and "The Talisman (1825)".
In addition to the novels that are romantic, there are also novels that smell mystical and
terrible. For example "The Castle of Otranto" by Horace Walpole, "The Mysteries of
Uldopho" by Anne Radcliffe. This kind of work is called "Terror Novels". Other genres are
in the novels by Jane Austen "Northanger" (1798), "Sense and Sensibility" (1798), Pride and
Prejudice (1797), "Mansfiels Park" (1814), "Emma" (1816), and Persuasion "(1797), 1816)
(Samekto, 1974).

Drama in the romantic period

In this period, there were no new works of drama that were truly successful. Actually,
there were writers who composed the drama but were unsuccessful. According to Samekto
(1974), the decline of drama is possible that the middle class does not value drama as an art.
For the middle class in that era, the house is the center of all aspects of social life, so that the
type of literary work that is loved is the type of literary work that can be enjoyed at home, as
well as novels.

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
3. 1 Conclusion
The Romantic Period occurred between the end of the 18th century to the beginning
of the 19th century. Being called a romantic era does not mean that all literary works in this
era are related to matters of love, romance or attraction between men and women. However,
this period is referred to as the romantic era because in this period the literary ideas are
dominated by elements such as imagination, freedom of expression (expression), and
idealism. In writing literary works, writers no longer use the standard rules made by the poets
of the August period. Famous writers in the field of poetry are: William Wordswoth, Samuel
Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, Lord Byron, Percy Byssge Shelley, John Keats, and
Walter Scott. As for writers in prose: Charles Lamb, Thomas de Quincey, Walter Scott,
Horace Walpole, and Anne Radcliffe.

3.2 Suggest
We are as the writer want to apology for the sortage of this paper. We know that this
paper is still far from perfect. So that we need the suggest from the reader for the perfection
of this paper. Thank very much for your attention.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

See A. Fowler, A History of English Literature (1987);

The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature, ed. by G. Watson (4 vol., 1969–72);

The Penguin Companion to English Literature, ed. by D. Daiches (1972); The Oxford Companion to

English Literature, ed. by M. Drabble (1985);

The Oxford Anthology of English Literature, ed. by F. Kermode and J. Hollander (2 vol., 1973); St.

Martin's Anthologies of English Literature, ed. by M. Alexander et al. (5 vol., 1991);

The Oxford English Literary History, vol. 2 by J. Simpson, 1350–1547, Reform and Cultural

Revolution (2002), vol. 8 by P. Davis, 1830–1880, the Victorians (2002).

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