RCD Project

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon City
CE 502
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
“A FIVE-STOREY APARTMENT BUILDING WITH ROOF DECK”
Submitted by:
Amilano, Jasmin Love A.
Tubang, Patricia Ma.
Submitted to:
Engr. Brylle Jerald Timbal
March 14,2019
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CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1 The Project
The project is a proposed five-storey apartment building with roof deck, located at 8th
Avenue,Taguig Metro Manila, near MC HOME DEPOT, Fort Bonifacio Taguig. The reason for
constructing this apartment is ease the travel time of those who work near BGC (Bonifacio Global
City) and Makati City. As for those who are working in Taguig and Makati, it is an ease for them to
work near their workplace and luckily, there are many establishments and offices near the
proposed location. For example, the St. Luke’s Medical City, S & R Shopping Center and The
Bonifacio High Street.
The project has a floor area of 147 sq. m. with the dimension of 15m x 9.8m. The First
level is consist of a parking lot and a Two (2) commercial units. For the second level, it consist of
Four (4) units, and the same number of units for the succeeding floors. It has an access stair from
first floor up to fifth floor, it also has an elevation that is accessible to everyone, and a fire exit for
the safety of those who lives there. The project has a total gross floor area of 735 m2. Each housing
unit of the apartment building is a studio type apartment for a single family dwelling. The apartment
unit is consists mainly of living room, dining room, bedroom and a kitchenette.
1.2 Project Location
Figure 1-1.Perspective View of the Apartment Building
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Figure 2-2. Location Map of the Mix Commercial and Residential Building
1.3 Project Objectives
1) To design a 5-storey apartment building using Reinforced Concrete Design.

2) To provide the client with the structural plans and cost estimates of the apartment building.
3) To evaluate the influence of multiple constraints, trade-offs and standards in the final design.
1.4 Project Scope and Limitations
The following were the scope covered by the design project:

1) The project was conceptualized with accordance to the National Building Code of the
Philippines and National Structural Code of the Philippines.
2) Provide design drawings as well as structural member details.
3) The structure was analyzed through STAAD Pro.
The following were the limitations of the design project:

1) As for the tradeoffs, the comparison that the designers considered in economic criterion was
the costs estimates only for roofing.
2) The cost estimates for mechanical, plumbing and architectural were not considered.
3) The interior design of the structure was not considered.
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1.5 Project Development
The design project undergone numerous stages before its completion. Conceptualization
is the first process in designing the five-storey apartment building. There are specific design
standards that are required to follow before coming up to the design. The designers considered
the design constraints so that the proposed design will be valid and acceptable. The designer
considered the design constraints and trade-offs so that the design will be effective and adequate.
After that the designer starts making up the floor plan and pre-design, then proceeds to the final
design.
Conceptualize Analyze
Design Design
Constraints Standards
Project Plan Final Design
Figure 3-3. Stages of Design Project
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CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS
2.1 Description of the Structure
The structural model represents the commercial and apartment building that has two access
stair and elevator, both located in middle-back of the building. It has Sixteen (16) rentable units in
total (2nd to 5th floor). Mostly, the building includes a special moment reinforced concrete along
longitudinal and traverse sections of the structure as shown in Figure 2-1. The table 2-1 shows the
rooms classifications with their corresponding area and the table 2-2 shows the functions of the room
and its quantity.
Figure 2-1. STAAD Pro V8i Geometric Model
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2.2 Classification of the Structure
The designer classified the occupancy of the structure based on the codes provided by
National Structural Codes of the Philippines (NSCP). It is significant for the structure to be
categorized according to its occupancy for the basis of the parameters necessary for seismic and
wind analysis. As for the commercial and apartment building, it is categorized as Standard
Occupancy Structure.
Table 2-1. Room Classification with Corresponding Area
Ground Floor Commercial Space 1 27.16 m2 Retail, Health Care, etc.

Ground Floor Commercial Space 2 27.16 m2 Retail, Health Care, etc.
2nd to 5th Floors Bedroom 1 8.73 m2 With at least 1 bed
2nd to 5th Floors Living Room 2.74 m2 With at least 1 sofa set
2nd to 5th Floors Dining Room 2.25 m2 With at least 1 set table and chairs
2nd to 5th Floors Kitchen 2.22 m2 For Home Economics
2nd to 5th Floors Balcony 4.82 m2 Open Area
2nd to 5th Floors Toilet and Bath 2.81 m2 With at least 1 shower and toilet
2nd to 5th Floors Hallway 20.55 m2 Open Area
Roof Deck Open Space 140.51 m2 Open Area
Table 2-2. Room Function and Quantity

Function Quantity
Living Room 1 (16 units)

Bedroom 1 (16 units)
Dining Area 1 (16 units)
Kitchen 1 (16 units)
Toilet and Bath 1 (16 units)
Balcony 1 (16 units)
Total 96
2.3 Architectural Plans
The architectural plans were provided by the designer for the client. As for the design of the
five-storey commercial and apartment building, the designer exceeds the minimum sizes of the
rooms but some are considered to the minimum to maximize the lot provided for the building.
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2.3.1 Floor Plans
Figure 2-2. Ground Floor Plan
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Figure 2-3. Second to Fifth Floor Plan

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Figure 2-4. Roof Deck Plan
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2.3.2 Elevation Plans
Figure 2-5. Front Elevation
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Figure 2-6. Rear Elevation
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Figure 2-7. Left Side Elevation
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Figure 2-8. Right Side Elevation
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CHAPTER 3: CONSTRAINTS, TRADEOFFS AND STANDARDS
3.1 Design Constraints
Constraints consider as hindrances of the designer in designing a specific project. Some of those
are economic, constructability, sustainability, etc. that limits the flow of the project. Those limitations
comprise more of the designing stage. Considering those constraints gives a realistic and practical way
of handling situations that may encounter by the designer in the beginning of the design project and as
the project goes further until it is finally done.
Among other possible constraints, the following were considered to have relevant impact on the
design of the Mixed Commercial and Apartment Building:
3.1.1 Economic Constraints (Cost)

In consideration of economic, the designer takes into consideration of the effectiveness of cost
but does not compromise the quality of the work or project. In this case, construction cost inclusive of
material cost, labor and construction cost that the designer will consider in evaluating. This will be done
by making an estimate of the material costs to be needed for the construction of the project. The one
which will show to be cheaper in materials needed will be the one which will be more favorable to use in
the actual construction. For it is efficient to the client to have project that is less in cost but has the same
quality of a much bigger project cost. For the designer to decide on how to minimize the cost of a project
there is what you called trade-offs. Two way and One [[[[[[[[[[[Way Slab are the two tradeoffs that the
designer considered in relation to the economic constraint set by the client and by then subjected to
ranking in order to find the efficiency of both tradeoffs.
3.1.2 Constructability Constraints (Construction Duration)

Main concern of the client is the duration of the work in particular to the possible shortest period
of time in terms of accomplishment of construction. In order to have harmonious work together with the
client the designer should conform to that constraint. Since the client has to serve their own clients for
their construction business, they want to serve them in most probable time for the sake of the company
itself and in return. One of the factors that affects the duration of work like man-hour of both two ways
and one-way flooring. The designer will conform to the two stated tradeoffs above that will govern with
basis through man-hours or construction duration rate.
3.1.3 Serviceability Constraints

The two flooring system are evaluated according to its performance. The designers must have
assured that the structure’s intended functions can perform well. This will be done by determining set of
limiting rules, such as slab, beam depths as a functions of span, crack formation, drift and deflections.
The floor system which will show to be safer will be the one to be use in the design.
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3.1.3 Manufacturability
The design of the flooring system in terms of manufacturability focuses on the speed and quality
of constructing slab between the trade-off. Including the beams and columns will be also designed as
the most economic section to the structural framing system which identified.
3.1.4 Cultural or Superstitions

Superstitions, although not so necessary in design, is sometimes taken into consideration if and
only if the client demands it. Usually, Chinese clients believe in “Feng Shui” which may affect the design
of the structure. Like for example, the number of step of stairs and columns, which they believe not to
be equal to 13. Sometimes the stairs are counted in a way like, “Oro, Plata, Mata” or “Gold, Silver,
Bronze” – in this case, Oro is the best choice then, Plata and Mata is really not an option.
3.1.4 Methods of design

Methods of design limits the designer in designing the project. Even if there are lot of processes
in designing beams, columns and slabs, it is best to choose what specific design method is definitive
for such member to attain the required design.
3.1.5 Existing codes and provisions

With the presence of codes and standards, it will be easier for the designer to design the project but
also with this the designer is only limited to what it is stated in there, nothing more, nothing less. The
designer is restrained to what code a particular country is using, he cannot use codes from another
country unless it’s the same as it’s.
In considering design constraints, trade-offs were provided by the designers that have a significant
effect on the structural design of the apartment building. As a trade-off, the designers will have to
evaluate whether to use the conventional slab or filler slab roofing technology in terms of economic and
constructability constraints and serviceability constraints.
The designers will have to choose between the conventional slab and filler slab technology
considering economic and constructability constraints.
3.2 Tradeoffs
In evaluating the project design, two important constraints are considered by the designer in
relevance to the tradeoffs where it will be subjected for evaluation. As for the tradeoffs, the designers
considered the two flooring system, the one-way floor system and the two-way floor system. A
deliberation will be done to determine which is the effective flooring system that will comply the listed
multiple constraints.
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The two tradeoffs will be subjected to economic, constructability and serviceability

constraints which are with composite slab and non-composite slab.
Two-way Floor System

The two-way floor system is a type of flooring system where the all beams carry the loads.
The slab is supported by the beams in four sides. In that case, the main reinforcement is laid in
both directions.
http://civilengineersforum.com/difference-between-one-way-slab-two-way-slab/
Figure 3-1. Two-way Floor System
One-way Floor System

The one-way floor system is a type of flooring system where the longer beam spans carry
the loads. It is where the slab is supported by the beams in only two sides. In that case, the main
reinforcement is laid in only one direction.
http://civilengineersforum.com/difference-between-one-way-slab-two-way-slab/
Figure 3-2. Two-way Floor System
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Based on the constraints stated above, two construction methodologies were considered on
the structural framing system to be design to satisfy the requirements of cost, speed of construction
and structural safety. Using the model on trade off strategies in engineering design by Otto and
Antonsson, the importance of each criterion (on scale 1 to 5, 5 with the highest importance) was
assigned and each design methodology’s ability to satisfy the criterion.
Computation of ranking for ability to satisfy criterion of materials:
% difference =
Subordinate Rank = Governing Rank – (% difference) x 10
The governing rank is the subjective choice of the designer. In assigning the value for the
criterion’s importance and the ability to satisfy the criterion, the designers would subjectively choose
any desired value for the winning trade-off. This subjective value depends on the initial estimate, say
for economic criterion, which the designer can initially select. The subordinate rank is a variable that
corresponds to its percentage distance from the governing rank along the ranking scale.
As shown in Figure 3.1 the distance is determined by multiplying the percentage difference
by the number of scale that is 10. The product will be the number of interval from the governing
value.
Figure 3-3. Ranking Scale
3.2.1 Raw Designer’s Ranking
After considering the design constraints, the designers came up with the raw rankings on
the conventional slab and filler slab for roofing. The discussion on how the designers came up with
the raw rankings values are shown and computed below.
Table 0-1. Raw Designer's Ranking
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Criterion’s Importance Ability to satisfy the criterion

Decision Criteria (on a scale of 0 to 5) (on a scale from -5 to 5)
One-way Floor Two-way Floor
System System
1. Economic (Cost) 5 4 3
2. Constructability (Duration) 4 2 4
3. Serviceability (Safety) 5 5 5
Over-all Rank 53 56
*Reference: Otto, K. N. and Antonsson, E. K., (1991). Trade-off strategies in engineering design. Research in Engineering Design, volume 3,
number 2, pages 87-104.
Retrieved from http://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdf on March 11, 2013
3.2.2 Tradeoffs Assessment

Since the criterion’s importance is subjective, its value will then depend on the client’s and
designers’ decision. Subsequently, the design of two-way floor system is subject for deliberation,
thus it is important to consider on how to make the expense as cheaper as possible and also the
safety against failure of the structure. In this case, economic constraint and serviceability constraint
were given an importance of five (5). Since the client specified the time frame for construction,
constructability constraint is given an importance of four (4).
3.2.2.1 Economic Assessment

The difference of the two flooring system was calculated based on the economic constraint.
Based on the initial cost estimate, the two-way floor system is cheaper than the one-way floor system
considering the volume of concrete that will be used.
3.2.2.2 Constructability Assessment

It turned out that the framing of the two-way floor system is easy to build than the one-way
floor system. For the beams in the two-way floor system is lesser than the beams on one-way floor
system, the schedule for construction are easy to meet in designing the two-way floor system than
the one way floor system.
3.2.2.3 Serviceability Assessment

As for serviceability constraint, it turned out that the one-way floor system is safer than the
two-way floor system. In the result of the computation in terms of deflections, the beams in the one-
way floor system bends not as much as the beams in the two-way floor system.
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3.3 Design Standards
The designers some come up with the design of the apartment building with accordance to the
following codes and standards:
1. National Building Code of the Philippines
2. National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) vol. 1-2010 edition (PD1096)
3. Indian Standard Plain and Reinforced Concrete code of practice (IS 456-2000 design
guidelines)
(For the design of filler slab)
The National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096). The National Building Code of the
Philippines, also known as Presidential Decree No. 1096 was formulated and adopted as a uniform
building code to embody up-to-date and modern technical knowledge on building design, construction,
use, occupancy and maintenance. The Code provides for all buildings and structures, a framework of
minimum standards and requirements to regulate and control location, site, design, and quality of
materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance.
The National Structural Code of the Philippines 2010.This code provides minimum standards to
safeguard life or limb, property and public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction,
quality of materials pertaining to the structural aspects of all buildings and structures within its jurisdiction.
The provision of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, moving, demolition, repair,
maintenance and use of any building or structure within its jurisdiction, except work located primarily in
a public way, public utility towers and poles, hydraulic flood control structures, and indigenous family
dwellings.
Indian Standard Plain and Reinforced Concrete code of practice. The designers only used this code
for the guideline on how to design the Filler Slab. Specifically, the designers followed the IS 456-2000
design guidelines.
 IS 456-2000 design guidelines
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CHAPTER 4: DESIGN OF STRUCTURE
4.1 Design Methodology

Prior to the previous chapter where the two tradeoffs introduced, the designer take into
consideration the said tradeoffs in relation to the design proper of the project. Following codes,
standards and specifications are taken into consideration in designing the project; National Structural
Code of the Philippines (NSCP 2010) Vol. 1. The project will be designed using Ultimate Stress
Design (USD). In this stage, the two tradeoffs will be subjected into deliberation that will satisfy the
constraints stated by the client in designing the project through economical aspect for it determines
reasonable and economic price but certainly do not compromise the quality of the work. All parts of
the reinforced building are designed in accordance with the National Structural Codes of the
Philippines. Corresponding codes and standards that were used in the design process are specified
in chapter 3 of the report and in Appendix B.
4.2 Structural Design

The designer followed this design process in calculations of design schedules. The design
flowchart was the step by step process of the design activities followed by the designer. As shown
in the flowchart, the first part was geometric modeling. The lay-out plans were conceptualized with
accordance to the National Building Code of the Philippines. Subsequently, the consideration of the
particular design specifications that will be used were also specified. The design methodology used
was conformed to the current standards and codes indicated in the 2010 National Structural Code
of the Philippines (NSCP). Then the designers come up with the engineered structure models
through the use of STAAD Pro. Then the structural analysis was done to calculate necessary
structural data. Then the structural members were designed.
Five-Storey Apartment Building
Geometric Modelling
° National Building Code

Design Specifications
° National Stuctural Code of the Phils.
Material Strength
Material Properties
°Compressive Strength
° Bar Grade
Structure Models Frame Models
Load Models Load Transfer
Shear Diagrams
Structural Analysis Moment Diagrams
Deflections
Structural Design Design Schedules
Figure 4-1. Design Stage Process
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4.3 Geometric Modeling
Following figures are generated from STAAD Pro V8i which is necessary in designing
specially analyzing the structure.
Figure 4-2. Geometric Model of the Structure (Staad Pro V8i)
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4.4 Structural Design
4.4.1 Tradeoff 1: Framing Plan Using Two-way Floor System
Figure 4-3. Foundation Plan
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Figure 4-4. Second to Fifth Floor Framing Plan

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Figure 4-5. Roof Deck Framing Plan

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4.4.2 Tradeoff 2: Framing Plan Using One-way Floor System
Figure 4-6. Foundation Plan
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Figure 4-7. Second to Fifth Floor Framing Plan
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Figure 4-8. Roof Deck Framing Plan

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4.4.3 Analytical Model
Figure 4-9. STAAD Pro V8i Geometric Model (Two-way Floor System)
Figure 4-10. STAAD Pro V8i Geometric Model (One-way Floor System)
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4.5 Loadings of the Structure (One-way Floor System)
4.5.1 Primary Loads
Figure 4-11. Dead Load
Figure 4-12. Live Load
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4.5.2 Load Combination
Figure 4-17. 1.4DL
Figure 4-18. 1.2DL + 1.6LL

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Figure 4-19. 1.2DL + 1.0LL
Figure 4-20. 1.2DL + 1.6W + 1.0LL

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Figure 4-20. 1.2DL + 1.0E +1.0LL
Figure 4-21. 0.9DL + 1.6W
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4.5.3 Maximum Shear and Moment
Figure 4-22. Shear Diagram
Figure 4-23. Moment Diagram

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4.6 Loadings of the Structure (Two-way Floor System)
4.6.1 Primary Loads
Figure 4-24. Dead Load
Figure 4-25. Live Load
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4.6.2 Load Combination
Figure 4-30. 1.4DL
Figure 4-31. 1.2DL + 1.6LL
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Figure 4-32. 1.2 + 1.0LL
Figure 4-33. 1.2DL + 1.6W + 1.0LL
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Figure 4.34. 1.2DL + 1.0E + 1.0LL
Figure 4-35. 0.9DL + 1.6W
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4.6.3 Maximum Shear and Moment
Figure 4-36. Shear Diagram
Figure 4-37. Moment Diagram

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4.7 Design Procedure
4.7.1 Design of Beams
Figure 4-38. Flowchart of Beam Design Computation
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4.7.2 Design of Columns
Figure 4-39. Flowchart of Column Design Computation
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4.7.3 Design of Slab
Figure 4-40. Flowchart of Slab Design Computation for One-
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CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN
The designers have come up to a design that conforms to the National Building Code of the
Philippines and the National Structural Code of the Philippines. The structural parts of the design
were able to pass the necessary test for adequacy needed for the design. The details of the structural
members were specified in this paper and the cost estimates were also provided for the client.
As a conclusion, the designer used the “Two-way Floor System” as a final design of the
proposed Commercial and Apartment Building with basis of economical, safety and constructability.
And considering the safety, the “Two-way Floor System” has the lower deflection than the other
framing plan. But in terms of constructability, the “One-way Floor System” is considerable than “Two-
way Floor System”.
5.1 Design Schedule
5.1.1 Beam Schedule
Figure 5-1. Typical Beam Model
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Table 5-1. Schedule of Beams
SCHEDULE OF BEAMS / GIRDERS @ SECOND FLOOR

SECTION SUPPORTS MIDSPAN
MARK SPAN B H STIRRUPS
(mm) (mm) TOP BOTTOM TOP BOTTOM
BA-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
BB-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
BC-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
BD-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
1B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
2B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
4B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
5B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
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3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1

6B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
SCHEDULE OF BEAMS / GIRDERS @ THIRD FLOOR

SECTION LEFT SUPPORT MIDSPAN
1BA-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
1BB-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
1BC-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
1BD-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
A1B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
A2B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
A3B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
A4B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
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2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1

3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
A5B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
A6B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
SCHEDULE OF BEAMS / GIRDERS @ FOURTH FLOOR

2BA-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2BB-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2BC-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2BD-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
B1B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
B2B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
B3B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
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3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2

B4B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
B5B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
B6B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
SCHEDULE OF BEAMS / GIRDERS @ FIFTH FLOOR

3BA-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3BB-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3BC-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3BD-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
C1B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
46
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C2B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1

2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
C3B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
C4B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
C5B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
C6B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
SCHEDULE OF BEAMS / GIRDERS @ ROOF DECK

RBA-
1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
RBB-
1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
RBC-
1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
RBD-
1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
47
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4 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1

5 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
R1B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
R2B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
R3B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
R4B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
R5B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
R6B-1 1 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 1
2 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
3 300 500 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2 - 20mmø 2
48
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5.1.2 Column Schedule
Figure 5-2. Column Schedule
49
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5.1.3 Slab Schedule
Table 5-2. Schedule of Slab
Figure 5-3. Typical Model of Slab
50
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APPENDIX A: CODES AND STANDARDS
National Building Code of the Philippines (NBC)

The following are the sections and codes that are followed in conceptualizing and designing the structural
plan of the apartment building:
 Section 401. Types of Construction
Type I. The structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by this Code.
 Section 701. Occupancy Classified.

Group B. Residentials, Hotels and Apartments
 Section 805. Ceiling Heights.

Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation have\ ceiling heights not less than 2.40 meters
measured from the floor to the ceiling; Provided that for buildings of more than one-storey, the
minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70 meters and that for the second storey 2.40
meters and succeeding storeys shall have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less
than 2.10 meters above the finished floor. Above stated rooms with a natural ventilation shall have
ceiling height not less than 2.70 meters.
 Section 806. Size and Dimensions of Rooms.

Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall be as follows:
1. Rooms for Human Habitations. 6.00 square meters with at least dimensions of 2.00
2. Kitchens. 3.00 square meters with at least dimension of 1.50 meters;
3. Bath and toilet. 1.20 square meters with at least dimension of 0.90 meters.
 Section 808. Window Openings.

Every room intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation system as herein specified in
this Code, shall be provided with a window or windows with a total free area of openings equal to at
least ten percent of the floor area of room, and such window shall open directly to a court, yard,
public street or alley, or open water courses.
 Section 1207. Stairs, Exits and Occupant Loads.
General. The construction of stairs and exits shall conform to the occupant load requirements of
buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers and grandstands:
a. Determinations of Occupant Loads. The Occupant load permitted in any building or portion thereof
shall be determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that use by the unit area allowed per
occupant as determined by the Secretary.
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b. Exit Requirements. Exit requirements of a building or portion thereof used for different purposes shall
be determined by the occupant load which gives the largest number of persons. No obstruction shall
be placed in the required width of an exit except projections permitted by this Code.
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) C101-10

Notation
𝐴𝑔 = gross area of section, mm2.
𝐴𝑠 = area of nonprestressed tension reinforcement, mm2.

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = minimum amount of flexural reinforcement, mm2.
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = total area of nonprestressed longitudinal reinforcement (bars and steel shapes), mm 2.
𝐴𝑣 = area of shear reinforcement within a distance s, mm2.
𝐴𝑣𝑓 = area of shear-friction reinforcement, mm2.
𝐴′𝑠 = area of compression reinforcement, mm2.

𝑏 = width of compression face of member, mm.
𝑏𝑤 = web width, mm.
𝑐 = distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral axis, mm.
𝑐𝑐 = clear cover from the nearest surface in tension to the surface of the flexural tension reinforcement,
mm.
𝐶𝑚 = a factor relating actual moment diagram to an equivalent uniform moment diagram.
𝐷 = dead loads, or related internal moments and forces.
𝑑 = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, mm.
𝑑′ = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of compression reinforcement, mm.
𝑑𝑏 = nominal diameter of bar, wire, or prestressing strand, mm.
𝑑𝑐 = thickness of concrete cover measure from extreme tension fiber to center of bar or wire located closest
thereto, mm.
𝑑𝑠 = distance from extreme tension fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, mm.
𝑑𝑡 = distance from extreme compression fiber to extreme tension steel, mm.
𝐸 = load effects of earthquake, or related internal moments and forces.
𝐸𝑐 = modulus of elasticity of concrete, MPa.
𝐸𝑠 = modulus of elasticity of reinforcement, MPa.
52
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𝐸𝐼 = flexural stiffness of compression member, N-mm2.

𝐹 = loads due to weight and pressures of fluids with well defined densities and controllable maximum
heights, or related internal moments and forces.
𝑓′𝑐 = specified compressive strength of concrete, MPa.
𝑓𝑦 = specified yield strength of nonprestressed reinforcement, MPa.
𝑓𝑦𝑡 = specified yield strength fy
𝐻 = loads due to weight and pressure of soil, water in soil, or other materials, or related internal moments
and forces.
ℎ = overall thickness of member, mm.
𝐼 = moment of inertia of section beam about the centroidal axis, mm4.
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = moment of inertia of cracked section transformed to concrete, mm4.
𝐼𝑒 = effective moment of inertia for computation of deflection, mm4.
𝐼𝑔 = moment of inertia of gross concrete section about centroidal axis, neglecting reinforcement, mm 4.
𝐿 = live loads, or related internal moments and forces.

𝐿𝑑 = development length, mm.
𝑙𝑛 = length of clear span measured face-to-face of supports, mm.
𝑀𝑎 = maximum moment in member at stage deflection is computed.
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = cracking moment.
𝑃𝑏 = nominal axial load strength at balanced strain conditions
𝑃𝑛 = nominal axial load strength at given eccentricity.
𝑉𝑐 = nominal shear strength provided by concrete
𝑊 = wind load, or related integral moments and forces.
𝑤𝑐 = unit weight of concrete, kN/m3.
𝑤𝑢 = factored load per unit length of beam or per unit area of slab.
𝛼𝑓 = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam section to flexural stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by
center line of adjacent panle, if any on each side of beam.
𝛼𝑓𝑚 = average value of 𝛼𝑓 for all beams on edges of a panel.
𝛽1 = factor
𝜀𝑡 = net tensile strain in extreme tension steel at nominal strength.
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𝜆 = modification factor reflection the reduced mechanical properties of lightweight concrete.

𝜆𝛥 = multiplier for additional long-time deflection 𝜌 = ration of nonprestressed tension reinforcement =
𝐴𝑠 ⁄𝑏𝑑
𝜌′ = ratio of nonprestressed compression reinforcement = 𝐴′𝑠 ⁄𝑏𝑑
𝜌𝑏 = reinforcement ratio producing balanced strain conditions
𝛷 = strength-reduction factor.
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APPENDIX B: MANUAL COMPUTATION FOR BEAMS

ONE-WAY FLOOR SYSTEM
SAMPLE MANUAL COMPUTATION FOR BEAM DESIGN
Grid : Grid 1 and A

Floor : Second Floor
Given Properties : Beam Dimensions:

Concrete's Compressive Stress, Mpa f'c = 28 Width, b 300 mm
Yield Strength of steel, Mpa fy = 415 Thickness, t 500 mm
Strength Reduction Factor ø= 0.9 Effec. Depth, d 440 mm
Factor β β= 0.85
Cover, mm d' = 60
Bar Diamater, mm Φ= 20
Total Moment from STAAD, Mt = 363000000 N-mm
Design Process For Reinforces For Moment
(1) Compute for ρmax & ρmin

(0.85)f'cβ(600) (0.85)(28)(0.85)(600)
ρb = = = 0.0288
fy(600+fy) (415)(600+415)
ρmax = 0.75ρb = 0.021611965
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.003373
fy 415
55
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Assumed ρ = 0.0034
(2) Compute for ω

ρfy
ω = = 0.05
f'c
(3) Compute for Mu

Mcap = Φ f'c ω b d² (1 - 0.59ω)
Mcap = 71021966.4 N-mm
(4) Check whether to design beam as singly or doubly

Mu < Mt, Therefore Design the Beam as Doubly Reinforced
(5) Solve for the Steel Area

As = ρbd
As = (0.00337349397590361)(300)(440)
As = 445.30 sq.mm.
(6) Solve for Number of Bars, n
As - 20mm ø
n= = 1.417434444 say 2
Area of single bar bar
(7) Solve for Actual As

As actual = n(π x ø²)/4
As actual = 628.320
As actual = 629 sq.mm.
(8) Check if ρ actual is within limits

ρ actual = As = 0.004765 ρ actual is within limits, OK!
56
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bd
(9) Check if steel will yield

Asfy
a= = 36.56 mm.
0.85f'cb
c= a/β = 43.01 mm.
(10) Check the

Strain
0.003(d-c)
Єs = = = 0.02769
c
fy
Єy = = = 0.002075
Es
Єs>Єy Therefore Steel Yields
600 ( d - c )
fs = = 5537.94 Mpa Steel Yields therefore fs = fy!
c
Computation Doubly Reinforced Beam Design

(10) Determine M2
M2 = Mt - Mu
M2 = 291978033.6 N-m
(11) Solve for As1

As1 = ρmax*bd = 2852.78 sq.mm.
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(12) Solve for As2

M2
As2 = = 2057.20 sq.mm.
øfy(d-d')
(13) Check if Steel Yields

As1 fy
a= = 165.81 mm
0.85 f'c b
a
c= = 195.07 mm
β
600 (d - c)
fs = = 753.33
c
Compression Steel
Therefore, f's > fy
Yields
Use, A's = As2
(14) Number of bars, n

A's
n= = 4.19
Abar
say, n = 5 - 25mm ø bar
Number of bars,
n
Note: Use 20mm ø Abar
n= As1
= 5.81
Abar
say, n = 6 pcs - 25mm ø bar
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Design Process For Shear Reinforcement
Vu from STAAD Pro = 94.89 Kn
(1) Solve for ΦVc

√(f'c)(bd)
Vc =
6
√(28) (300)(440)
Vc =
6(1000)
Vc = 116.4131 Kn
ΦVc = 0.75(Vc)
ΦVc = 87.30979 Kn
Therefore Stirrups are Needed
(2) Solve for Spacing of Bars

Vu
Vs = - Vc
Φ
94.89 Max. Spacing = 160 mm
Vs = - 116.413057686842
0.75
Vs = 10.10694
Av fy d
Spacing=
Vs
Spacing= 4086.621 mm
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Grid : Grid 2 and B

Floor : Third Floor

Factor β β= 0.85
Cover, mm d' = 60

(0.85)f'cβ(600) (0.85)(28)(0.85)(600)
ρb = = = 0.0288
fy(600+fy) (415)(600+415)
ρmax = 0.75ρb = 0.021611965
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.003373
fy 415
Assumed ρ = 0.0034
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(2) Compute for ω

ρfy
ω = = 0.05
f'c
(3) Compute for Mu

Mcap = Φ f'c ω b d² (1 - 0.59ω)
Mcap = 71021966.4 N-mm


As = ρbd
As = (0.00337349397590361)(300)(440)
As = 445.30 sq.mm.
As - 20mm ø
n= = 1.417434444 say 2

As actual = 628.320

As
ρ actual = = 0.004765 ρ actual is within limits, OK!
bd
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Asfy
a= = 36.56 mm.
0.85f'cb
c= a/β = 43.01 mm.
(10) Check the

Strain
0.003(d-c)
Єs = = = 0.02769
c
fy
Єy = = = 0.002075
Es
600 ( d - c )
c

(10) Determine M2
M2 = Mt - Mu
M2 = 26338033.6 N-m
(11) Solve for As1

(12) Solve for As2

As2 = M2 = 185.57 sq.mm.
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øfy(d-d')

As1 fy
a= = 165.81 mm
0.85 f'c b
a
c= = 195.07 mm
β
600 (d - c)
fs = = 753.33
c
Compression Steel
Therefore, f's > fy
Yields
Use, A's = As2

A's
n= = 0.38
Abar
Number of bars,
n
n= As1
= 5.81
Abar
- 25mm ø bar
pcs
say, n = 6
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`
Vu from STAAD Pro = 86 Kn
(1) Solve for ΦVc

√(f'c)(bd)
Vc =
6
√(28) (300)(440)
Vc =
6(1000)
Vc = 116.4131 Kn
ΦVc = 0.75(Vc)
ΦVc = 87.30979 Kn

Vu
Vs = - Vc
Φ
86 Max. Spacing = 160 mm
Vs = - 116.413057686842
0.75
Vs = 1.746391
Av fy d
Spacing=
Vs
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Grid : Grid 3 and C

Floor : Fourth Floor

Factor β β= 0.85
Cover, mm d' = 60

(0.85)f'cβ(600) (0.85)(28)(0.85)(600)
ρb = = = 0.0288
fy(600+fy) (415)(600+415)
ρmax = 0.75ρb = 0.021611965
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.003373
fy 415
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Assumed ρ = 0.0034
(2) Compute for ω

ρfy
ω = = 0.05
f'c
(3) Compute for Mu

Mcap = Φ f'c ω b d² (1 - 0.59ω)
Mcap = 71021966.4 N-mm


As = ρbd
As = (0.00337349397590361)(300)(440)
As = 445.30 sq.mm.
As - 20mm ø
n= = 1.417434444 say 2

As actual = 628.320

As
bd
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Asfy
a= = 36.56 mm.
0.85f'cb
c= a/β = 43.01 mm.
(10) Check the

Strain
0.003(d-c)
Єs = = = 0.02769
c
fy
Єy = = = 0.002075
Es
600 ( d - c )
c

(10) Determine M2
M2 = Mt - Mu
M2 = 18238033.6 N-m
(11) Solve for As1

(12) Solve for As2
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M2
As2 = = 128.50 sq.mm.
øfy(d-d')

As1 fy
a= = 165.81 mm
0.85 f'c b
a
c= = 195.07 mm
β
600 (d - c)
fs = = 753.33
c
Compression Steel
Therefore, f's > fy
Yields
Use, A's = As2

A's
n= = 0.26
Abar
Number of bars, n
n= As1
= 5.81
Abar
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(1) Solve for ΦVc

√(f'c)(bd)
Vc =
6
√(28) (300)(440)
Vc =
6(1000)
Vc = 116.4131 Kn
ΦVc = 0.75(Vc)
ΦVc = 87.30979 Kn

Vu
Vs = - Vc
Φ
Vs = - 116.413057686842
0.75
Vs = 2.253609
Av fy d
Spacing=
Vs
Spacing= 18327.6 mm
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Grid : Grid 4 and D

Floor : Fifth Floor

Factor β β= 0.85
Cover, mm d' = 60

(0.85)f'cβ(600) (0.85)(28)(0.85)(600)
ρb = = = 0.0288
fy(600+fy) (415)(600+415)
ρmax = 0.75ρb = 0.021611965
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.003373
fy 415
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Assumed ρ = 0.0034
(2) Compute for ω

ρfy
ω = = 0.05
f'c
(3) Compute for Mu

Mcap = Φ f'c ω b d² (1 - 0.59ω)
Mcap = 71021966.4 N-mm


As = ρbd
As = (0.00337349397590361)(300)(440)
As = 445.30 sq.mm.
As - 20mm ø
n= = 1.417434444 say 2

As actual = 628.320

As
bd
71
`

Asfy
a= = 36.56 mm.
0.85f'cb
c= a/β = 43.01 mm.
(10) Check the

Strain
0.003(d-c)
Єs = = = 0.02769
c
fy
Єy = = = 0.002075
Es
600 ( d - c )
c

(10) Determine M2
M2 = Mt - Mu
M2 = 12848033.6 N-m
(11) Solve for As1

(12) Solve for As2
72
`
M2
As2 = = 90.52 sq.mm.
øfy(d-d')

As1 fy
a= = 165.81 mm
0.85 f'c b
a
c= = 195.07 mm
β
600 (d - c)
fs = = 753.33
c
Compression Steel
Therefore, f's > fy
Yields
Use, A's = As2

A's
n= = 0.18
Abar
Number of bars,
n
n= As1
= 5.81
Abar
- 25mm ø bar
pcs
say, n = 6
73
`
(1) Solve for ΦVc

√(f'c)(bd)
Vc =
6
√(28) (300)(440)
Vc =
6(1000)
Vc = 116.4131 Kn
ΦVc = 0.75(Vc)
ΦVc = 87.30979 Kn

Vu
Vs = - Vc
Φ
Vs = - 116.413057686842
0.75
Vs = 3.586942
Av fy d
Spacing=
Vs
74
`
Grid : Grid 6 and A’

Floor : Roof Deck

Factor β β= 0.85
Cover, mm d' = 60

(0.85)f'cβ(600) (0.85)(28)(0.85)(600)
ρb = = = 0.0288
fy(600+fy) (415)(600+415)
ρmax = 0.75ρb = 0.021611965
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.003373
fy 415
Assumed ρ = 0.0034
75
`
(2) Compute for ω

ρfy
ω = = 0.05
f'c
(3) Compute for Mu

Mcap = Φ f'c ω b d² (1 - 0.59ω)
Mcap = 71021966.4 N-mm


As = ρbd
As = (0.00337349397590361)(300)(440)
As = 445.30 sq.mm.
As - 20mm ø
n= = 1.417434444 say 2

As actual = 628.320

As
bd
76
`

Asfy
a= = 36.56 mm.
0.85f'cb
c= a/β = 43.01 mm.
(10) Check the

Strain
0.003(d-c)
Єs = = = 0.02769
c
fy
Єy = = = 0.002075
Es
600 ( d - c )
c

(10) Determine M2
M2 = Mt - Mu
M2 = 13298033.6 N-m
(11) Solve for As1

(12) Solve for As2

As2 = M2 = 93.69 sq.mm.
77
`
øfy(d-d')

As1 fy
a= = 165.81 mm
0.85 f'c b
a
c= = 195.07 mm
β
600 (d - c)
fs = = 753.33
c
Compression Steel
Therefore, f's > fy
Yields
Use, A's = As2

A's
n= = 0.19
Abar
Number of bars,
n
n= As1
= 5.81
Abar
pcs - 25mm ø bar

say, n = 6
78
`
(1) Solve for ΦVc

√(f'c)(bd)
Vc =
6
√(28) (300)(440)
Vc =
6(1000)
Vc = 116.4131 Kn
ΦVc = 0.75(Vc)
ΦVc = 87.30979 Kn

Vu
Vs = - Vc
Φ
Vs = - 116.413057686842
0.75
Vs = 15.58694
Av fy d
Spacing=
Vs
79
`
TWO-WAY FLOOR SYSTEM

Grid : Grid 1 and A

Floor : Second Floor

Factor β β= 0.85
Cover, mm d' = 60

(0.85)f'cβ(600) (0.85)(28)(0.85)(600)
ρb = = = 0.0288
fy(600+fy) (415)(600+415)
ρmax = 0.75ρb = 0.021611965
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.003373
fy 415
80
`
Assumed ρ = 0.0034
(2) Compute for ω

ρfy
ω = = 0.05
f'c
(3) Compute for Mu

Mcap = Φ f'c ω b d² (1 - 0.59ω)
Mcap = 71021966.4 N-mm


As = ρbd
As = (0.00337349397590361)(300)(440)
As = 445.30 sq.mm.
As - 20mm ø
n= = 1.417434444 say 2

As actual = 628.320

As
bd
81
`

Asfy
a= = 36.56 mm.
0.85f'cb
c= a/β = 43.01 mm.
(10) Check the

Strain
0.003(d-c)
Єs = = = 0.02769
c
fy
Єy = = = 0.002075
Es
600 ( d - c )
c

(10) Determine M2
M2 = Mt - Mu
M2 = 291978033.6 N-m
(11) Solve for As1

(12) Solve for As2
82
`
M2
As2 = = 2057.20 sq.mm.
øfy(d-d')

As1 fy
a= = 165.81 mm
0.85 f'c b
a
c= = 195.07 mm
β
600 (d - c)
fs = = 753.33
c
Compression Steel
Therefore, f's > fy
Yields
Use, A's = As2

A's
n= = 4.19
Abar
Number of bars,
n
n= As1
= 5.81
Abar
83
`
(1) Solve for ΦVc

√(f'c)(bd)
Vc =
6
√(28) (300)(440)
Vc =
6(1000)
Vc = 116.4131 Kn
ΦVc = 0.75(Vc)
ΦVc = 87.30979 Kn

Vu
Vs = - Vc
Φ
Vs = - 116.413057686842
0.75
Vs = 10.10694
Av fy d
Spacing=
Vs
84
`
Grid : Grid 2 and B

Floor : Third Floor

Factor β β= 0.85
Cover, mm d' = 60

(0.85)f'cβ(600) (0.85)(28)(0.85)(600)
ρb = = = 0.0288
fy(600+fy) (415)(600+415)
ρmax = 0.75ρb = 0.021611965
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.003373
fy 415
Assumed ρ = 0.0034
85
`
(2) Compute for ω

ρfy
ω = = 0.05
f'c
(3) Compute for Mu

Mcap = Φ f'c ω b d² (1 - 0.59ω)
Mcap = 71021966.4 N-mm


As = ρbd
As = (0.00337349397590361)(300)(440)
As = 445.30 sq.mm.
As
n= = 1.417434444 say 2 - 20mm ø bar
Area of single bar

As actual = 628.320

As
bd
86
`

Asfy
a= = 36.56 mm.
0.85f'cb
c= a/β = 43.01 mm.
(10) Check the

Strain
0.003(d-c)
Єs = = = 0.02769
c
fy
Єy = = = 0.002075
Es
600 ( d - c )
c

(10) Determine M2
M2 = Mt - Mu
M2 = 26338033.6 N-m
(11) Solve for As1

(12) Solve for As2

As2 = M2 = 185.57 sq.mm.
87
`
øfy(d-d')

As1 fy
a= = 165.81 mm
0.85 f'c b
a
c= = 195.07 mm
β
600 (d - c)
fs = = 753.33
c
Compression Steel
Therefore, f's > fy
Yields
Use, A's = As2

A's
n= = 0.38
Abar
Number of bars, n
n= As1
= 5.81
Abar
88
`
Grid : Grid 3 an C
Floor : Fourth Floor

Factor β β= 0.85
Cover, mm d' = 60

(0.85)f'cβ(600) (0.85)(28)(0.85)(600)
ρb = = = 0.0288
fy(600+fy) (415)(600+415)
ρmax = 0.75ρb = 0.021611965
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.003373
fy 415
Assumed ρ = 0.0034
89
`
(2) Compute for ω

ρfy
ω = = 0.05
f'c
(3) Compute for Mu

Mcap = Φ f'c ω b d² (1 - 0.59ω)
Mcap = 71021966.4 N-mm


As = ρbd
As = (0.00337349397590361)(300)(440)
As = 445.30 sq.mm.
As - 20mm ø
n= = 1.417434444 say 2

As actual = 628.320

As
bd
90
`

Asfy
a= = 36.56 mm.
0.85f'cb
c= a/β = 43.01 mm.
(10) Check the

Strain
0.003(d-c)
Єs = = = 0.02769
c
fy
Єy = = = 0.002075
Es
600 ( d - c )
c

(10) Determine M2
M2 = Mt - Mu
M2 = 18238033.6 N-m
(11) Solve for As1

(12) Solve for As2

As2 = M2 = 128.50 sq.mm.
91
`
øfy(d-d')

As1 fy
a= = 165.81 mm
0.85 f'c b
a
c= = 195.07 mm
β
600 (d - c)
fs = = 753.33
c
Compression Steel
Therefore, f's > fy
Yields
Use, A's = As2

A's
n= = 0.26
Abar
Number of bars,
n
n= As1
= 5.81
Abar
92
`
(1) Solve for ΦVc

√(f'c)(bd)
Vc =
6
√(28) (300)(440)
Vc =
6(1000)
Vc = 116.4131 Kn
ΦVc = 0.75(Vc)
ΦVc = 87.30979 Kn

Vu
Vs = - Vc
Φ
Vs = - 116.413057686842
0.75
Vs = 10.10694
Av fy d
Spacing=
Vs
93
`
Grid : Grid 4 and D

Floor : Roof Deck

Factor β β= 0.85
Cover, mm d' = 60

(0.85)f'cβ(600) (0.85)(28)(0.85)(600)
ρb = = = 0.0288
fy(600+fy) (415)(600+415)
ρmax = 0.75ρb = 0.021611965
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.003373
fy 415
Assumed ρ = 0.0034
94
`
(2) Compute for ω

ρfy
ω = = 0.05
f'c
(3) Compute for Mu

Mcap = Φ f'c ω b d² (1 - 0.59ω)
Mcap = 71021966.4 N-mm


As = ρbd
As = (0.00337349397590361)(300)(440)
As = 445.30 sq.mm.
As - 20mm ø
n= = 1.417434444 say 2

As actual = 628.320

As
bd
95
`

Asfy
a= = 36.56 mm.
0.85f'cb
c= a/β = 43.01 mm.
(10) Check the

Strain
0.003(d-c)
Єs = = = 0.02769
c
fy
Єy = = = 0.002075
Es
600 ( d - c )
c

(10) Determine M2
M2 = Mt - Mu
M2 = 9091978034 N-m
(11) Solve for As1

(12) Solve for As2

As2 = M2 = 64059.59 sq.mm.
96
`
øfy(d-d')

As1 fy
a= = 165.81 mm
0.85 f'c b
a
c= = 195.07 mm
β
600 (d - c)
fs = = 753.33
c
Compression Steel
Therefore, f's > fy
Yields
Use, A's = As2

A's
n= = 130.50
Abar
Number of bars,
n
n= As1
= 5.81
Abar
pcs - 25mm ø bar

say, n = 2
97
`
(1) Solve for ΦVc

√(f'c)(bd)
Vc =
6
√(28) (300)(440)
Vc =
6(1000)
Vc = 116.4131 Kn
ΦVc = 0.75(Vc)
ΦVc = 87.30979 Kn

Vu
Vs = - Vc
Φ
Vs = - 116.413057686842
0.75
Vs = 10.10694
Av fy d
Spacing=
Vs
98
`
APPENDIX C: MANUAL COMPUTATION FOR COLUMNS

DESIGN OF COLUMN
Column Properties
b 300 mm
t 400 mm
f'c 28 MPa
fy 415 MPa
Column Design
Mz, Kn- My, Kn-
Ground-3rd Flr. Pu, Kn emin ey ez Loading Type
m m
C1 (Corner) 844.17 70.67 58.09 27 84.7189 69.6381 ECCENTRIC
C2 (External) 1515.11 272.24 312.18 27 179.683 206.044 ECCENTRIC
C3 (Internal) 1790.11 259.44 296.06 27 144.93 165.386 ECCENTRIC
Mz, Kn- My, Kn-
3rd-5th Flr. Pu, Kn emin ey ez Loading Type
m m
Mz, Kn- My, Kn-
5th-Roof Deck Pu, Kn emin ey ez Loading Type
m m
GROUND TO 3RD FLOOR:
C1
Pu = 834.17 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 70.67 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 58.09 kN-m
A. Check if Concentric, Eccentric or Biaxial
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ez = (Mz*1000)/Pu= (70.67)*1000/834.17= 84.72 ECCENTRIC
ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (70.67)*1000/834.17= 69.64
99
`
B. Compute Pu using Column Interaction Diagram
Pz = 3085.01 kN 1 1 1
= +
Py = 2672.85 kN ØPn Pz Py
ØPn = 1432.088 kN OK!

Use 25 mm Ø
n= 8 pcs bar
C2
Pu = 1515.11 kN b= 500 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 272.24 kN-m h= 500 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 312.18 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(500) 30

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (272.24)*1000/1515.11= 206.04
Pz = 3271.88 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 1587.85 kN OK!

n= 8 pcs Use 25 mm Ø bar

C3
Pu = 1790.11 kN b= 500 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 259.44 kN-m h= 500 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 296.06 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(500) 30 ECCENTRIC
100
`
ez = (Mz*1000)/Pu= (259.44)*1000/1790.11= 144.93

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (259.44)*1000/1790.11= 165.39
Pz = 3778.70 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 1848.12 kN OK!

3RD TO 5TH FLOOR: C1
Pu = 488.19 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 53.16 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 35.55 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (53.16)*1000/488.19= 72.82
Pz = 1664.20 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 832.1005 kN OK!

101
`
Pu = 663.40 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 59.03 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 46.57 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (59.034)*1000/663.4= 70.20
Pz = 1667.20 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 833.6005 kN OK!

Pu = 705.57 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 57.52 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 44.25 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (57.52)*1000/705.57= 62.72
Pz = 2138.84 kN 1 1 1
= +
102
`
ØPn = 1008.089 kN OK!
5TH TO ROOF DECK: C1
Pu = 143.44 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 37.70 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 24.70 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (37.7)*1000/143.44= 172.20
Pz = 1070.43 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 438.8318 kN OK!

Pu = 223.85 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 41.50 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 23.88 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (41.502)*1000/223.85= 106.68
103
`
Pz = 1070.43 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 438.8318 kN OK!

Pu = 280.61 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 31.72 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 20.36 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (31.72)*1000/280.61= 72.56
Pz = 1175.23 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 522.7949 kN OK!

104
`

DESIGN OF COLUMN
Column Properties
b 300 mm
t 400 mm
f'c 28 MPa
fy 415 MPa
Column Design
Mz, Kn- My, Kn-
Ground-3rd Flr. Pu, Kn emin ey ez Loading Type
m m
Mz, Kn- My, Kn-
3rd-5th Flr. Pu, Kn emin ey ez Loading Type
m m
Mz, Kn- My, Kn-
5th-Roof Deck Pu, Kn emin ey ez Loading Type
m m
C1
Pu = 834.17 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 70.67 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 58.09 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (70.67)*1000/834.17= 69.64
105
`
Pz = 3085.01 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 1432.088 kN OK!

Use 25 mm Ø
n= 6 pcs bar
C2
Pu = 1515.11 kN b= 500 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 272.24 kN-m h= 500 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 312.18 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(500) 30

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (272.24)*1000/1515.11= 206.04
Pz = 3271.88 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 1587.85 kN OK!


C3
Pu = 1790.11 kN b= 500 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 259.44 kN-m h= 500 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 296.06 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(500) 30 ECCENTRIC
106
`
ez = (Mz*1000)/Pu= (259.44)*1000/1790.11= 144.93

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (259.44)*1000/1790.11= 165.39
Pz = 3778.70 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 1848.12 kN OK!

Pu = 488.19 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 53.16 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 35.55 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (53.16)*1000/488.19= 72.82
Pz = 1664.20 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 832.1005 kN OK!

107
`
Pu = 663.40 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 59.03 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 46.57 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (59.034)*1000/663.4= 70.20
Pz = 1667.20 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 833.6005 kN OK!

Pu = 705.57 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 57.52 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 44.25 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (57.52)*1000/705.57= 62.72
Pz = 2138.84 kN 1 1 1
= +
108
`
ØPn = 1008.089 kN OK!
Pu = 143.44 kN b= 300 mm f'c= 28 Mpa

Mz = 37.70 kN-m h= 400 mm fy= 415 Mpa
My = 24.70 kN-m
emin = 15+0.03h= 15+0.03*(400) 27

ey = (My*1000)/Pu= (37.7)*1000/143.44= 172.20
Pz = 1070.43 kN 1 1 1
= +
ØPn = 438.8318 kN OK!

109
`
APPEMDIX D: MANUAL COMPUTATION FOR SLABS

TABULATED COMPUTATION FOR SLAB DESIGN
Design Constants: Column Properties:
Concrete's Compressive f'c m
28 Slab Width, b 1000
Stress = m
Yield Strength of Steel, fy m
414 Slab Thickness, h 150
Mpa = m
Φ m
Strength Reduction Factor 0.65 Effective Depth, d 127
= m
Factor β β = 0.85 Cover, mm d' = 15
DL (kN/m) - excluding slab Main Bar Diamater,
ø= 16
weight 13.52 mm
Temperature Bar
Slab Weight kN/m ø= 10
3.5400 Diameter, mm
LL (kN/m) 6.70
Total DL 17.06
SLAB DESIGN
Span wu Mu Main Bar Temperature Bar
ρ ρ No.
Typ
Rn ρ Checkin
ρ As No. As
e (kN/m (kN.m min max g Max of
L S mm2/ of Spacing mm2/ Spacing
) ) Spacin bar Max
m bar m
g s Spacing
0.00 0.02 0.016
S1 4 2 31.19 62.38 Use ρ
5.9 0.01 3 2 8 3207 64 63 450 1016 8 198 450
0.00 0.02 0.027
S2 3 1 31.19 35.09 Use ρ
3.3 0.02 3 2 0 3086 46 66 450 762 4 264 450
110
`
DETAILED COMPUTATION OF TWO WAY SLAB

Equivalent Frame Method
Horizontal Strip (Typical 2nd to 5th floor)
Short
f'c 20.7 Mpa Span 3000 mm Beam dimensions
Long m
fy 415 Mpa Span 4000 mm b 300 m
m
Col. Length 2700 mm t 500 m
m
Col. Dim. 400 mm d 440 m
m
DL 15.79 Kpa d' 60 m
LL 6.7 Kpa
Determine the required depth

assume h = Ln (800 + 0.73fy) ß = long clear span
36000 + 9000ß short clear span
4500 -
h= 84.43272 ß = 250
4000 -
say 150 mm 250
1.3703
ß= 7
Compute for total weight of loads
qu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
qu = 29.668 kpa
qu = 0.029668 Mpa
Check beam shear for exterior column
Vc = 0.17λ √f’c bwd b= 300
Vc = 102.0958 KN d= 60
λ= 1
Vu = R-Wd
Vu <
Vu = 34.43388 ØVc OK!
111
`
Determine stiffness factor and fixed-end moments

3.13E+
l2h3 Ibeam = l2 =
Is = 09 4000
12 l1 = 3000
Is = 4.25E+09 mm4 h= 150
Ecs = 21383.709 (for f'c = 20.7)
0.13333 0.1333
C1A = C1B =
400 C1A = 3 C1B = 33
l1 l1
*By interpolation, the value of k will be obtained k = 4.2
kab = 4.2EcsIs
l1
kab = 1.27E+11
*By interpolation, the value of constants will be obtained
FEMab =
0.0849qul2l12
FEMba =
FEMab = 906772
FEMba = 75 Nm
90.6772
8 KNm
CAB = CBA = 0.511 (carryover factor)
Determine column stiffness

Ic = bt3/12
Ic = 2.13E+09 mm4
Ecc = 21383.709 (for f'c = 20.7)
0.9444
ln = 2700 ln/lc = 44
lc = column length - slab thickness
lc = 2550
a/b = 1
112
`
*By interpolation, the value of k and C will be obtained

kab = 4.55 CAB = 0.54
Kc = 4.55EccIc
H
Kc = 7.69E+10
Determine the torsional stiffness of the slab section

C = ∑(1-0.63(x/y))(x^3y/3)
C= 3.44E+08
KT = 9EcsC
l(1-c/l)^3
KT = 2.27E+10
Compute the stiffness of the equivalent column

Kec = ∑Kc ∑Kt
∑Kc + ∑Kt
Kec = 3.5E+10
Solving for the Distribution Factors

DF = Kab / (Kab + Kec) DF = Kab / (2Kab + Kec)
DF = 0.784 DF = 0.439
113
`
Moment
Distribution
Joint a b c d
Member ab ba bc cb cd dc
DF 0.784 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439
FEM -90.68 90.677 -90.68 90.677 -90.68 90.677
COF 0.511 0.511 0.511 0.511 0.511 0.511
balance 71.101 0 0 0 0 -39.85
Carryover 0.000 36.333 0.000 0.000 -20.365 0.000
Balance 0.000 -15.968 -15.968 8.950 8.950 0.000
Carryover -8.160 0.000 4.574 -8.160 0.000 4.574
Balance 6.398 -2.010 -2.010 3.586 3.586 -2.010
Carryover -1.027 3.269 1.833 -1.027 -1.027 1.833
Balance 0.805 -2.242 -2.242 0.903 0.903 -0.805
Carryover -1.146 0.412 0.461 -1.146 -0.412 0.461
Balance 0.898 -0.384 -0.384 0.684 0.684 -0.203
Carryover -0.196 0.459 0.350 -0.196 -0.104 0.350
Balance 0.154 -0.356 -0.356 0.132 0.132 -0.154
Carryover -0.182 0.079 0.067 -0.182 -0.079 0.067
Balance 0.142 -0.064 -0.064 0.114 0.114 -0.030
Carryover -0.033 0.073 0.058 -0.033 -0.015 0.058
Balance 0.026 -0.058 -0.058 0.021 0.021 -0.026
-21.90 110.22 -104.42 94.32 -98.29 54.94
114
`
Distribute the acquired moments

Mo Mo
Negative 104.41
Negative Ex 21.89511 Int 58
Positive 34.135
Positive Mid 67.44841 Mid 61
Negative
Negative Int 110.22 Int 94.32
0.6826
αf1 αf1
0.682667 67
1.3333
l2 / l1 l2 / l1
1.333333 33
0.9102
(l2 / l1 )αf1 (l2 / l1 )αf1
0.910222 22
65.897
% - int col 65.89778 % % - int col 78 %
68.807
M 14.42839 KNm M 72 KNm
22.494
M 44.447 KNm M 61 KNm
62.158
M 72.63258 KNm M 03 KNm
Beam Slab Middle Beam Slab Middle

Int. Slab Int. Slab
Beam Beam
Negative 12.26413 2.164258 7.466718 Negative 58.48657 10.32116 35.60812
Positive 37.77995 6.667051 23.00141 Positive 19.12042 3.374192 11.641

Ext. Slab Ext. Slab
Beam Beam
Negative 37.77995 6.667051 23.00141 Negative 19.12042 3.374192 11.641
Positive 61.73769 10.89489 37.59 Positive 52.83432 9.323704 32.17
115
`
SLAB 2
b 1000 f'c 28 ρb = 0.0288 Asb 113.09
d 124 fy 415 ρmax = 0.0216
Bar
L 3000 diam 12 ρmin = 0.0033
Spacin
ω ρ ρ act As g
0.00217 0.00337 mm
12.26413 0.032266 7 3 418.3133 270 o.c.
0.00037 0.00337 mm
2.164258 0.005604 8 3 418.3133 270 o.c.
0.00131 0.00337 mm
7.466718 0.019494 5 3 418.3133 270 o.c.
0.00700 0.00700 mm
37.77995 0.103868 8 8 868.9886 130 o.c.
0.00117 0.00337 mm
6.667051 0.017385 3 3 418.3133 270 o.c.
0.00415 0.00415 mm
23.00141 0.061601 6 6 515.3715 219 o.c.
0.01201 0.01201 mm
61.73769 0.178034 2 2 1489.479 75 o.c.
0.00337 mm
10.89489 0.0286 0.00193 3 418.3133 270 o.c.
mm
37.59 0.103302 0.00697 0.00697 864.2544 130 o.c.
116
`
APPENDIX E: TABULATION OF BEAMS

GRID 1
BEAM Location f'c fy ø β cc Φ b t d Mu ρb
1 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 55950000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 81750000 0.029
2 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 83240000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 44230000 0.029
3 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 64530000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 64440000 0.029
4 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 44220000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 83140000 0.029
5 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 81140000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 37680000 0.029
GRID 2
6 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 57860000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 83350000 0.029
A End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 86110000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 45890000 0.029
B End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 63870000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 63780000 0.029
C End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 45470000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 85970000 0.029
D End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 83340000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 57740000 0.029
117
`
For Singly Reinforced Beams

Condition
Singly or
ρmax ω ρ ρmax ρmin ρmax>ρ ρ>ρmin
Mmax Doubly? Grid Location Ru
Use
0.320
0.022 380222892.2 Singly 1 End 1.070363 0.00264 0.022 0.003373 OK! ρmin
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly Mid 1.563935 0.003901 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly 2 End 1.59244 0.003975 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
Use
0.320
0.022 380222892.2 Singly Mid 0.846151 0.002077 0.022 0.003373 OK! ρmin
Use
0.320
Use
0.320
Use
0.320
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly Mid 1.590526 0.00397 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly 5 End 1.552265 0.003871 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
Use
0.320
Condition
Singly or
Use
0.320
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly Mid 1.594544 0.00398 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly A End 1.647345 0.004117 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
Use
0.320
Use
0.320
0.022 380222892.2 Singly B End 1.221878 0.003024 0.022 0.003373 OK! ρmin
118
`
Use
0.320
Use
0.320
0.022 380222892.2 Singly C End 0.869873 0.002136 0.022 0.003373 OK! ρmin
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly Mid 1.644666 0.00411 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly D End 1.594353 0.00398 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
Use
0.320
Check
ρ As As(Φ) n As(actual) ρ(new) a c fs fs<fy Vu f'c fy
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 114353 28 415
0.003901 514.9594 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 25.44145 29.93112 8220.252 YIELD
0.003975 524.6945 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 25.92241 30.49695 8056.603 YIELD 131693 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 124971 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 40682 28 415
0.00397 524.0407 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 25.89011 30.45895 8067.403 YIELD
0.003871 510.9778 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 25.24474 29.69969 8288.981 YIELD 16798 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
Check
ρ As As(Φ) N As(actual) ρ(new) a c fs fs<fy Vu f'c fy
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 83659 28 415
0.00398 525.4137 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 25.95794 30.53875 8044.754 YIELD
0.004117 543.4839 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 26.85069 31.58905 7757.326 YIELD 203353 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
119
`
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 178705 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 151304 28 415
0.00411 542.5662 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 26.80535 31.53571 7771.462 YIELD
0.00398 525.3483 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 25.95471 30.53495 8045.83 YIELD 153089 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 3 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
λ ø bw d Φ Ab Av Vc stirrups needed? Vs check s n/d

1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 33729.35 find s 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 56849.35 find s 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 47886.68 find s 220 2
No, use minimum

1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 stirrup -64498.7 s=smax 220 2
No, use minimum

1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 stirrup -96344 s=smax 220 2
120
`

No, use minimum
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 stirrup -7195.99 s=smax 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 152396 find s 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 119532 find s 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 82997.35 find s 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 85377.35 find s 220 2
w Mu max L w/L f'c fy fr Ec Es b h d Ig

24798 55950000 6000 4.133 21 415 3.207803 21538 200000 300 500 440 3.13E+09
20135 83240000 6000 3.355833 21 415 3.207803 21538 200001 300 500 440 3.13E+09
44409 64530000 4000 11.10225 21 415 3.207803 21538 200002 300 500 440 3.13E+09
5968 44220000 4000 1.492 21 415 3.207803 21538 200003 300 500 440 3.13E+09
6884 81140000 3580 1.922905 21 415 3.207803 21538 200004 300 500 440 3.13E+09
121
`

17521 57860000 6000 2.920167 21 415 3.207803 21538 200005 300 500 440 3.13E+09
12474 86110000 6000 2.079 21 415 3.207803 21538 200006 300 500 440 3.13E+09
51323 63870000 6000 8.553833 21 415 3.207803 21538 200007 300 500 440 3.13E+09
21915 45470000 3700 5.922973 21 415 3.207803 21538 200008 300 500 440 3.13E+09
23144 83340000 3700 6.255135 21 415 3.207803 21538 200009 300 500 440 3.13E+09
122
`
DESIGN RESULTS FOR ROOF BEAMS

For
For Flexure Shear Development Length and stardand hooks
Grid Location b h cc Φ n Φ s ʅd ʅdh
1 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
2 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
3 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
4 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
5 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
For
6 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
A End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
B End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
C End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
D End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
123
`

Tabulated Design Process
GRID 1
1 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 55950000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 81750000 0.029
2 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 83240000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 44230000 0.029
3 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 64530000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 64440000 0.029
4 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 44220000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 83140000 0.029
5 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 81140000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 37680000 0.029
GRID 2
6 End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 57860000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 83350000 0.029
A End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 86110000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 45890000 0.029
B End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 63870000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 63780000 0.029
C End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 45470000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 85970000 0.029
D End 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 83340000 0.029
Mid 28 415 0.9 0.85 50 20 300 500 440 57740000 0.029
124
`
For Singly Reinforced Beams

Condition
Singly or
Use
0.320
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly Mid 1.563935 0.003901 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly 2 End 1.59244 0.003975 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
Use
0.320
Use
0.320
Use
0.320
Use
0.320
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly Mid 1.590526 0.00397 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly 5 End 1.552265 0.003871 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
Use
0.320
Condition
Singly or
Use
0.320
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly Mid 1.594544 0.00398 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly A End 1.647345 0.004117 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
Use
0.320
Use
0.320
0.022 380222892.2 Singly B End 1.221878 0.003024 0.022 0.003373 OK! ρmin
125
`
Use
0.320
Use
0.320
0.022 380222892.2 Singly C End 0.869873 0.002136 0.022 0.003373 OK! ρmin
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly Mid 1.644666 0.00411 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
0.022 0.320 380222892.2 Singly D End 1.594353 0.00398 0.022 0.003373 OK! OK!
Use
0.320
Check
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 114353 28 415
0.003901 514.9594 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 25.44145 29.93112 8220.252 YIELD
0.003975 524.6945 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 25.92241 30.49695 8056.603 YIELD 131693 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 124971 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 40682 28 415
0.00397 524.0407 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 25.89011 30.45895 8067.403 YIELD
0.003871 510.9778 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 25.24474 29.69969 8288.981 YIELD 16798 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
Check
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 83659 28 415
0.00398 525.4137 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 25.95794 30.53875 8044.754 YIELD
0.004117 543.4839 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 26.85069 31.58905 7757.326 YIELD 203353 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
126
`
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 178705 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD 151304 28 415
0.00411 542.5662 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 26.80535 31.53571 7771.462 YIELD
0.00398 525.3483 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 25.95471 30.53495 8045.83 YIELD 153089 28 415
0.003373 445.3012 314.16 2 628.32 0.00476 22 25.88235 9600 YIELD

1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 33729.35 find s 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 56849.35 find s 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 47886.68 find s 220 2
No, use minimum

1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 stirrup -64498.7 s=smax 220 2
No, use minimum

1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 stirrup -96344 s=smax 220 2
127
`

No, use minimum
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 stirrup -7195.99 s=smax 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 152396 find s 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 119532 find s 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 82997.35 find s 220 2
1 0.75 300 440 12 113.0976 226.1952 118741.3 Yes 85377.35 find s 220 2

24798 55950000 6000 4.133 21 415 3.207803 21538 200000 300 500 440 3.13E+09
20135 83240000 6000 3.355833 21 415 3.207803 21538 200001 300 500 440 3.13E+09
44409 64530000 4000 11.10225 21 415 3.207803 21538 200002 300 500 440 3.13E+09
5968 44220000 4000 1.492 21 415 3.207803 21538 200003 300 500 440 3.13E+09
6884 81140000 3580 1.922905 21 415 3.207803 21538 200004 300 500 440 3.13E+09
128
`

17521 57860000 6000 2.920167 21 415 3.207803 21538 200005 300 500 440 3.13E+09
12474 86110000 6000 2.079 21 415 3.207803 21538 200006 300 500 440 3.13E+09
51323 63870000 6000 8.553833 21 415 3.207803 21538 200007 300 500 440 3.13E+09
21915 45470000 3700 5.922973 21 415 3.207803 21538 200008 300 500 440 3.13E+09
23144 83340000 3700 6.255135 21 415 3.207803 21538 200009 300 500 440 3.13E+09
129
`
DESIGN RESULTS FOR ROOF BEAMS

For
1 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
2 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
3 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
4 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
5 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
For
6 End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
A End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
B End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
C End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
D End 300 500 50 20 2 12 220 685 434.69
Mid 300 500 50 20 2
130
`
APPENDIX F: TABULATION OF COLUMNS

Design of
Reinforced
Concrete Column
Material
Properties:
Compressive
Concrete
Strength, fc' = 28.00 Mpa
Steel Yield
Strength Main
Bar, fy = 415.00 Mpa
Steel Yield
Strength Tie Bar,
fyt = 275.00 Mpa
Modulus of
Elasticity of Steel
= 200,000.00 Mpa
Maximum Strain
in Concrete = 0.003
For Axial
and Flexure
COLUMN Level Pu (dem) Mux Muy lu (m) c.c (mm) Main, Ø b (mm) h (mm)
C1 1ST TO 834.17 58.09 70.67 5.10 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
3RD FLR, ρact Flexure, ɸ β k λ Ag (mm2) Ast (mm2) Adb
0.030 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 3600.00 490.87
Consider Consider
N Nact (pcs.) ex (mm) ex ey (mm) ey ϵy d (mm)
7.33 8 69.64 Yes 84.72 Yes 0.0021 327.50
131
`
Slendernes
c (mm) a (mm) r klu/r s Po (KN) Pnx (KN) Pny (KN)
193.60 164.56 120.00 42.50 Consider 4264.32 1096.99 1096.99
Pn (KN) Pu (Cap) Mnx (KN-m) Mny (KN-m) Mu (Cap) Axial C/D Flexure C/D Safe
629.46 409.15 210.31 193.77 185.88 0.49 3.20 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Vu (KN) Lateral, ØLT Shear, ɸ Vc 0.5ɸVc Reinf. Vn
Not
41.87 10.00 0.75 132.27 49.60 Required 55.83 ------
0.66*sqrt(fc')*b 0.33*sqrt(fc')*b
Av *d/1000 Beam Dim. *d/1000 Smax S (theo.)
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
Smax for Am 16*Ømain 48*ØLT Least dim. Smallest Adopt, Sact ld ldact (mm)
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C2 1ST TO 1078.54 60.45 75.69 5.40 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.030 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 3600.00 490.87
Consider Consider
7.33 8 56.05 Yes 70.18 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 45.00 Consider 2773.02 1096.99 1096.99
132
`
683.74 444.43 225.22 209.72 200.03 0.41 3.31 YES!

For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
44.02 10.00 0.75 145.12 54.42 Required 58.69 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C3 1ST TO 1139.10 58.38 71.48 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.030 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 3600.00 490.87
Consider Consider
7.33 8 51.25 Yes 62.75 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2773.02 1096.99 1096.99
683.74 444.43 230.48 217.86 206.15 0.39 3.53 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
133
`
Shear
Vs
Not
42.50 10.00 0.75 148.31 55.62 Required 56.67 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C1 3RD TO 488.19 42.27 53.16 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
5TH FLR. ρact Flexure, ɸ β k λ Ag (mm2) Ast (mm2) Adb
0.030 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 3600.00 490.87
Consider Consider
7.33 8 86.59 Yes 108.89 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2773.02 1096.99 1096.99
683.74 444.43 191.72 167.25 165.37 0.91 3.91 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
35.55 10.00 0.75 114.06 42.77 Required 47.40 ------
134
`
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------

411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C2 3RD TO 663.40 46.57 59.03 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.030 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 3600.00 490.87
Consider Consider
7.33 8 70.20 Yes 88.99 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2773.02 1096.99 1096.99
683.74 444.43 209.69 189.08 183.53 0.67 3.94 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
38.55 10.00 0.75 123.28 46.23 Required 51.40 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
135
`
For Axial
and Flexure
C3 3RD TO 704.57 44.25 57.52 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.030 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 3600.00 490.87
Consider Consider
7.33 8 62.80 Yes 81.64 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2773.02 1096.99 1096.99
683.74 444.43 217.81 197.15 190.96 0.63 4.32 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
36.67 10.00 0.75 125.45 47.04 Required 48.89 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C1 5TH TO 143.44 24.74 37.70 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
136
`
ROOFDECK ρact Flexure, ɸ β k λ Ag (mm2) Ast (mm2) Adb

0.030 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 3600.00 490.87
Consider Consider
7.33 8 172.48 Yes 262.83 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2773.02 1096.99 1096.99
683.74 444.43 97.50 -1.62 63.38 3.10 2.56 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
20.06 10.00 0.75 95.93 35.97 Required 26.75 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C2 5TH TO 223.85 23.88 41.50 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.030 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 3600.00 490.87
Consider Consider
137
`
7.33 8 106.68 Yes 185.40 Yes 0.0021 327.50

Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2773.02 1096.99 1096.99
683.74 444.43 169.68 83.32 122.87 1.99 5.15 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
20.06 10.00 0.75 100.16 37.56 Required 26.75 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C3 5TH TO 280.61 20.36 31.72 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.030 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 3600.00 490.87
Consider Consider
7.33 8 72.56 Yes 113.04 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2773.02 1096.99 1096.99
138
`
683.74 444.43 207.11 162.70 171.19 1.58 8.41 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
17.60 10.00 0.75 103.14 38.68 Required 23.47 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
139
`

Design of
Reinforced
Concrete Column
Material
Properties:
Compressive
Concrete
Strength, fc' = 28.00 Mpa
Steel Yield
Strength Main
Bar, fy = 415.00 Mpa
Steel Yield
Strength Tie Bar,
fyt = 275.00 Mpa
Modulus of
Elasticity of Steel
= 200,000.00 Mpa
Maximum Strain
in Concrete = 0.003
For Axial
and Flexure
C1 1ST TO 834.17 58.09 70.67 5.10 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.020 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 2400.00 490.87
Consider Consider
4.89 6 69.64 Yes 84.72 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
140
`
193.60 164.56 120.00 42.50 Consider 3794.88 1096.99 1096.99

641.17 416.76 210.31 193.77 185.88 0.50 3.20 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
41.87 10.00 0.75 132.27 49.60 Required 55.83 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C2 1ST TO 1078.54 60.45 75.69 5.40 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.020 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 2400.00 490.87
Consider Consider
4.89 6 56.05 Yes 70.18 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 45.00 Consider 2800.68 1096.99 1096.99
682.08 443.35 225.22 209.72 200.03 0.41 3.31 YES!
141
`
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
44.02 10.00 0.75 145.12 54.42 Required 58.69 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C3 1ST TO 1139.10 58.38 71.48 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.020 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 2400.00 490.87
Consider Consider
4.89 6 51.25 Yes 62.75 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2800.68 1096.99 1096.99
682.08 443.35 230.48 217.86 206.15 0.39 3.53 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
142
`
Not
42.50 10.00 0.75 148.31 55.62 Required 56.67 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C1 3RD TO 488.19 42.27 53.16 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.020 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 2400.00 490.87
Consider Consider
4.89 6 86.59 Yes 108.89 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2800.68 1096.99 1096.99
682.08 443.35 191.72 167.25 165.37 0.91 3.91 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
35.55 10.00 0.75 114.06 42.77 Required 47.40 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
143
`
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C2 3RD TO 663.40 46.57 59.03 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.020 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 2400.00 490.87
Consider Consider
4.89 6 70.20 Yes 88.99 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2800.68 1096.99 1096.99
682.08 443.35 209.69 189.08 183.53 0.67 3.94 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
38.55 10.00 0.75 123.28 46.23 Required 51.40 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
144
`
For Axial
and Flexure
C3 3RD TO 704.57 44.25 57.52 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.020 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 2400.00 490.87
Consider Consider
4.89 6 62.80 Yes 81.64 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2800.68 1096.99 1096.99
682.08 443.35 217.81 197.15 190.96 0.63 4.32 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
36.67 10.00 0.75 125.45 47.04 Required 48.89 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C1 5TH TO 143.44 24.74 37.70 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
145
`
0.020 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 2400.00 490.87

Consider Consider
4.89 6 172.48 Yes 262.83 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2800.68 1096.99 1096.99
682.08 443.35 97.50 -1.62 63.38 3.09 2.56 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
20.06 10.00 0.75 95.93 35.97 Required 26.75 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C2 5TH TO 223.85 23.88 41.50 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.020 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 2400.00 490.87
Consider Consider
4.89 6 106.68 Yes 185.40 Yes 0.0021 327.50
146
`
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2800.68 1096.99 1096.99
682.08 443.35 169.68 83.32 122.87 1.98 5.15 YES!
For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
20.06 10.00 0.75 100.16 37.56 Required 26.75 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
For Axial
and Flexure
C3 5TH TO 280.61 20.36 31.72 3.00 60.00 25.00 300.00 400.00
0.020 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.00 120000.00 2400.00 490.87
Consider Consider
4.89 6 72.56 Yes 113.04 Yes 0.0021 327.50
Slendernes
193.60 164.56 120.00 25.00 Consider 2800.68 1096.99 1096.99
147
`
682.08 443.35 207.11 162.70 171.19 1.58 8.41 YES!

For Shear
and length
of Splice
Shear
Vs
Not
17.60 10.00 0.75 103.14 38.68 Required 23.47 ------
157.08 343.13 OK! 171.56 ------ ------
411.00 400.00 480 300.00 300.00 300.00 736.63 738.00
148
`
149

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`

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

“A FIVE-STOREY APARTMENT BUILDING WITH ROOF DECK”

CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND

1.1 The Project

1.2 Project Location

Figure 1-1.Perspective View of the Apartment Building

1.3 Project Objectives

1) To design a 5-storey apartment building using Reinforced Concrete Design.

1.4 Project Scope and Limitations

The following were the scope covered by the design project:

The following were the limitations of the design project:

1.5 Project Development

Project Plan Final Design

Figure 3-3. Stages of Design Project

CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS

2.1 Description of the Structure

Figure 2-1. STAAD Pro V8i Geometric Model

2.2 Classification of the Structure

Table 2-1. Room Classification with Corresponding Area

Ground Floor Commercial Space 1 27.16 m2 Retail, Health Care, etc.

Table 2-2. Room Function and Quantity

Living Room 1 (16 units)

2.3 Architectural Plans

2.3.1 Floor Plans

Figure 2-2. Ground Floor Plan

Figure 2-3. Second to Fifth Floor Plan

Figure 2-4. Roof Deck Plan

2.3.2 Elevation Plans

Figure 2-5. Front Elevation

Figure 2-6. Rear Elevation

Figure 2-7. Left Side Elevation

Figure 2-8. Right Side Elevation

CHAPTER 3: CONSTRAINTS, TRADEOFFS AND STANDARDS

3.1 Design Constraints

3.1.1 Economic Constraints (Cost)

3.1.2 Constructability Constraints (Construction Duration)

3.1.3 Serviceability Constraints

3.1.4 Cultural or Superstitions

3.1.4 Methods of design

3.1.5 Existing codes and provisions

The two tradeoffs will be subjected to economic, constructability and serviceability

Two-way Floor System

One-way Floor System

Figure 3-3. Ranking Scale

3.2.1 Raw Designer’s Ranking

Table 0-1. Raw Designer's Ranking

Criterion’s Importance Ability to satisfy the criterion

3.2.2 Tradeoffs Assessment

3.2.2.1 Economic Assessment

3.2.2.2 Constructability Assessment

3.2.2.3 Serviceability Assessment

3.3 Design Standards

(For the design of filler slab)

CHAPTER 4: DESIGN OF STRUCTURE

4.1 Design Methodology

4.2 Structural Design

Five-Storey Apartment Building

° National Building Code