Conference Paper Title*

* Note: Sub-titles are not captured in Xplore and should not be used

1st Given Name Surname 2nd Given Name Surname 3rd Given Name Surname
dept. name of organization (of Aff.) dept. name of organization (of Aff.) dept. name of organization (of Aff.)
name of organization (of Aff.) name of organization (of Aff.) name of organization (of Aff.)
City, Country City, Country City, Country
email address or ORCID email address or ORCID email address or ORCID

4th Given Name Surname 5th Given Name Surname 6th Given Name Surname
dept. name of organization (of Aff.) dept. name of organization (of Aff.) dept. name of organization (of Aff.)
name of organization (of Aff.) name of organization (of Aff.) name of organization (of Aff.)
City, Country City, Country City, Country
email address or ORCID email address or ORCID email address or ORCID

Abstract—This document is a model and instructions for A. Abbreviations and Acronyms

LATEX. This and the IEEEtran.cls file define the components of
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
your paper [title, text, heads, etc.]. *CRITICAL: Do Not Use
Symbols, Special Characters, Footnotes, or Math in Paper Title used in the text, even after they have been defined in the
or Abstract. abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, ac, dc,
Index Terms—component, formatting, style, styling, insert and rms do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations
in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.
I. I NTRODUCTION B. Units
This document is a model and instructions for LATEX. Please • Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units
observe the conference page limits. are encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary
units (in parentheses). An exception would be the use of
II. E ASE OF U SE English units as identifiers in trade, such as “3.5-inch disk
drive”.
A. Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications • Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current
The IEEEtran class file is used to format your paper and in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often
style the text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, and leads to confusion because equations do not balance
text fonts are prescribed; please do not alter them. You may dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state
note peculiarities. For example, the head margin measures the units for each quantity that you use in an equation.
proportionately more than is customary. This measurement and • Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units:
others are deliberate, using specifications that anticipate your “Wb/m2 ” or “webers per square meter”, not “webers/m2 ”.
paper as one part of the entire proceedings, and not as an Spell out units when they appear in text: “. . . a few
independent document. Please do not revise any of the current henries”, not “. . . a few H”.
designations. • Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25”, not “.25”. Use
“cm3 ”, not “cc”.)
III. P REPARE YOUR PAPER B EFORE S TYLING C. Equations
Number equations consecutively. To make your equations
Before you begin to format your paper, first write and
more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp
save the content as a separate text file. Complete all content
function, or appropriate exponents. Italicize Roman symbols
and organizational editing before formatting. Please note sec-
for quantities and variables, but not Greek symbols. Use a
tions III-A–III-E below for more information on proofreading,
long dash rather than a hyphen for a minus sign. Punctuate
spelling and grammar.
equations with commas or periods when they are part of a
Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text
sentence, as in:
has been formatted and styled. Do not number text heads—
a+b=γ (1)
LATEX will do that for you.
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined
Identify applicable funding agency here. If none, delete this. before or immediately following the equation. Use “(1)”, not
“Eq. (1)” or “equation (1)”, except at the beginning of a • In your paper title, if the words “that uses” can accurately
sentence: “Equation (1) is . . .” replace the word “using”, capitalize the “u”; if not, keep
using lower-cased.
D. LATEX-Specific Advice • Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
Please use “soft” (e.g., \eqref{Eq}) cross references “affect” and “effect”, “complement” and “compliment”,
instead of “hard” references (e.g., (1)). That will make it “discreet” and “discrete”, “principal” and “principle”.
possible to combine sections, add equations, or change the • Do not confuse “imply” and “infer”.
order of figures or citations without having to go through the • The prefix “non” is not a word; it should be joined to the
file line by line. word it modifies, usually without a hyphen.
Please don’t use the {eqnarray} equation environ- • There is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation
ment. Use {align} or {IEEEeqnarray} instead. The “et al.”.
{eqnarray} environment leaves unsightly spaces around • The abbreviation “i.e.” means “that is”, and the abbrevi-
relation symbols. ation “e.g.” means “for example”.
Please note that the {subequations} environment in An excellent style manual for science writers is [7].
LATEX will increment the main equation counter even when
there are no equation numbers displayed. If you forget that, F. Authors and Affiliations
you might write an article in which the equation numbers skip
The class file is designed for, but not limited to, six
from (17) to (20), causing the copy editors to wonder if you’ve
authors. A minimum of one author is required for all confer-
discovered a new method of counting.
ence articles. Author names should be listed starting from left
BIBTEX does not work by magic. It doesn’t get the biblio-
to right and then moving down to the next line. This is the
graphic data from thin air but from .bib files. If you use BIBTEX
author sequence that will be used in future citations and by
to produce a bibliography you must send the .bib files.
indexing services. Names should not be listed in columns nor
LATEX can’t read your mind. If you assign the same label to
group by affiliation. Please keep your affiliations as succinct as
a subsubsection and a table, you might find that Table I has
possible (for example, do not differentiate among departments
been cross referenced as Table IV-B3.
of the same organization).
LATEX does not have precognitive abilities. If you put a
\label command before the command that updates the G. Identify the Headings
counter it’s supposed to be using, the label will pick up the last
counter to be cross referenced instead. In particular, a \label Headings, or heads, are organizational devices that guide the
command should not go before the caption of a figure or a reader through your paper. There are two types: component
table. heads and text heads.
Do not use \nonumber inside the {array} environment. Component heads identify the different components of
It will not stop equation numbers inside {array} (there your paper and are not topically subordinate to each other.
won’t be any anyway) and it might stop a wanted equation Examples include Acknowledgments and References and, for
number in the surrounding equation. these, the correct style to use is “Heading 5”. Use “figure
caption” for your Figure captions, and “table head” for your
E. Some Common Mistakes table title. Run-in heads, such as “Abstract”, will require you
• The word “data” is plural, not singular. to apply a style (in this case, italic) in addition to the style
• The subscript for the permeability of vacuum µ0 , and provided by the drop down menu to differentiate the head from
other common scientific constants, is zero with subscript the text.
formatting, not a lowercase letter “o”. Text heads organize the topics on a relational, hierarchical
• In American English, commas, semicolons, periods, ques- basis. For example, the paper title is the primary text head
tion and exclamation marks are located within quotation because all subsequent material relates and elaborates on this
marks only when a complete thought or name is cited, one topic. If there are two or more sub-topics, the next
such as a title or full quotation. When quotation marks level head (uppercase Roman numerals) should be used and,
are used, instead of a bold or italic typeface, to highlight conversely, if there are not at least two sub-topics, then no
a word or phrase, punctuation should appear outside of subheads should be introduced.
the quotation marks. A parenthetical phrase or statement
at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside of the H. Figures and Tables
closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence a) Positioning Figures and Tables: Place figures and
is punctuated within the parentheses.) tables at the top and bottom of columns. Avoid placing them
• A graph within a graph is an “inset”, not an “insert”. The in the middle of columns. Large figures and tables may span
word alternatively is preferred to the word “alternately” across both columns. Figure captions should be below the
(unless you really mean something that alternates). figures; table heads should appear above the tables. Insert
• Do not use the word “essentially” to mean “approxi- figures and tables after they are cited in the text. Use the
mately” or “effectively”. abbreviation “Fig. 1”, even at the beginning of a sentence.
 TABLE I R EFERENCES
TABLE T YPE S TYLES
[1] G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals of
Table Table Column Head Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil.
Head Table column subhead Subhead Subhead Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, April 1955.
copy More table copya [2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol.
a Sample of a Table footnote. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.
[3] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange
anisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New
York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271–350.
[4] K. Elissa, “Title of paper if known,” unpublished.
[5] R. Nicole, “Title of paper with only first word capitalized,” J. Name
Stand. Abbrev., in press.
[6] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,” IEEE
Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740–741, August 1987 [Digests 9th
Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982].
[7] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: Univer-
sity Science, 1989.
Fig. 1. Example of a figure caption.

IEEE conference templates contain guidance text for compos-

Figure Labels: Use 8 point Times New Roman for Figure ing and formatting conference papers. Please ensure that all
labels. Use words rather than symbols or abbreviations when template text is removed from your conference paper prior to
writing Figure axis labels to avoid confusing the reader. As an submission to the conference. Failure to remove the template
example, write the quantity “Magnetization”, or “Magnetiza- text from your paper may result in your paper not being
tion, M”, not just “M”. If including units in the label, present published.
them within parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. In
the example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization
{A[m(1)]}”, not just “A/m”. Do not label axes with a ratio of
quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K)”,
not “Temperature/K”.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
America is without an “e” after the “g”. Avoid the stilted
expression “one of us (R. B. G.) thanks . . .”. Instead, try
“R. B. G. thanks. . .”. Put sponsor acknowledgments in the
unnumbered footnote on the first page.

R EFERENCES
Please number citations consecutively within brackets [1].
The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. Refer simply
to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use “Ref. [3]”
or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence:
“Reference [3] was the first . . .”
Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the ac-
tual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was
cited. Do not put footnotes in the abstract or reference list.
Use letters for table footnotes.
Unless there are six authors or more give all authors’ names;
do not use “et al.”. Papers that have not been published,
even if they have been submitted for publication, should be
cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been accepted for
publication should be cited as “in press” [5]. Capitalize only
the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and
element symbols.
For papers published in translation journals, please give the
English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language
citation [6].