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    DSP PGM

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    Manish Nandish
    The document contains programs for generating different types of waveforms and performing operations like linear and circular convolution, DFT, filtering and verification of sampling theorem. It also includes programs for calculating auto and cross correlation of sequences. The programs demonstrate various signal processing concepts and algorithms without and with using MATLAB functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    DSP PGM

    Uploaded by

    Manish Nandish
    17 views18 pages
    The document contains programs for generating different types of waveforms and performing operations like linear and circular convolution, DFT, filtering and verification of sampling theorem. It also includes programs for calculating auto and cross correlation of sequences. The programs demonstrate various signal processing concepts and algorithms without and with using MATLAB functions.

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    dsp pgm

    Original Title

    dsp pgm

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document contains programs for generating different types of waveforms and performing operations like linear and circular convolution, DFT, filtering and verification of sampling theorem. It also includes programs for calculating auto and cross correlation of sequences. The programs demonstrate various signal processing concepts and algorithms without and with using MATLAB functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    17 views18 pages

    DSP PGM

    Uploaded by

    Manish Nandish
    The document contains programs for generating different types of waveforms and performing operations like linear and circular convolution, DFT, filtering and verification of sampling theorem. It also includes programs for calculating auto and cross correlation of sequences. The programs demonstrate various signal processing concepts and algorithms without and with using MATLAB functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 18

    List of Program

    1. generation of waveforms
    2 Compute N DFT of a sequence
    3 Linear Convolution
    4 Circular convolution
    5 Impulse response of a system
    6 difference equation
    7 Correlation
    8 sampling theorem
    9 Butterworth filter
    PRG1
    %program to generate different types of waveform
    % program for generation of unit sample
    clc;clear all;
    close all;
    t = -3:1:3;
    y = [zeros(1,3),ones(1,1),zeros(1,3)];% y=[0,0,0,1,0,0,0]
    subplot(2,2,1);
    stem(t,y);
    ylabel('Amplitude------>');
    xlabel('(a)n ------>');
    title('Unit Impulse Signal')
    % program for genration of unit step of sequence
    t = -4:1:9;
    y1 = [zeros(1,4),ones(1,10)];
    subplot(2,2,2);
    stem(t,y1);
    ylabel('Amplitude------>');
    xlabel('(b)n ------>');
    title('Unit step');
    % program for generation of ramp signal
    %n1 = input('Enter the value for end of the seqeuence '); %n1 = <any value>7 %
    x = 0:9;
    subplot(2,2,3);stem(x,x);
    ylabel('Amplitude------>');
    xlabel('(c)n ------>');
    title('Ramp sequence');
    % program for generation of exponential signal
    %n2 = input('Enter the length of exponential seqeuence '); %n2 = <any value>7
    %
    t = 0:3;
    %a = input('Enter the Amplitude'); %a=1%
    a=1;
    y2 = exp(a*t);
    subplot(2,2,4);stem(t,y2);
    ylabel('Amplitude------>');
    xlabel('(d)n ------>');
    title('Exponential sequence');
    disp('Unit impulse signal');
    disp('Unit step signal');
    disp('Unit Ramp signal');
    disp('Exponential signal');
    Results
    Convolution

    %Linear convolution: without using MATLAB function

    clear all;
    x=input('Enter the sequence x(n) ');
    h=input('Enter the sequence h(n) ');
    N1=length(x);
    N2=length(h);
    h=[h zeros(1,N1)]; %zero pad each input
    x=[x zeros(1,N2)];
    disp('Sequence x(n)');
    disp(x);
    disp('Sequence h(n)');
    disp(h);
    for i = 1:N1+N2-1;

    y(i)= 0;
    for j=1:i;
    y(i)=y(i)+x(j)*h(i-j+1)
    end
    end

    stem(y);
    disp(y);
    ylabel('Y[n]');
    xlabel('----->n');
    title('Convolution of Two Signals without conv function');

    Result
    Enter the sequence x(n) [1 2 3 4]
    Enter the sequence h(n) [4 3 2 1]
    Sequence x(n)
    1 2 3 4 0 0 0 0
    Sequence h(n)
    4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0
    y=
    4 11 20 30 20 11 4
    %linear convolution: using conv MATLAB function
    % right sided sequence

    clear all;
    x1=input('enter first sequence');

    subplot(2,3,1);
    stem(x1);
    title('x1(n)');
    x2=input('enter second sequence');
    subplot(2,3,2);
    stem(x2);
    title('x2(n)');
    y= conv(x1,x2); % conv is function for convolution
    subplot(2,3,3);
    stem(y);
    title('linear convolution');
    disp(y);

    %Circular convolution :without using MATLAB function


    clear all;
    x=input('Enter the sequence x(n) ');
    h=input('Enter the sequence h(h) ');
    N1=length(x);
    N2=length(h);
    N3=N1-N2;
    N=length(x)
    %N3 is used for zero padding
    if(N3>0)
    h=[h zeros(1,abs(N3))];
    else
    x=[x zeros(1,abs(N3))]; %take absolute value if N3 is negative
    end
    disp('Sequence x(n) ');
    disp(x);
    disp('Sequence h(n) ');
    disp(h);
    n =1:N
    disp(n);
    y=0;
    for m=1:N
    disp(m);
    y=y+x(m)*h(mod(n-m,N)+1) %circular convolution
    end
    Result
    Enter the sequence x(n) [1 2 3 4]
    Enter the sequence h(h) [2 3 4 5]
    y = 36 38 36 30

    %Linear convolution using DFT IDFT method

    x1=input('Enter the sequence x1(n) ');


    x2=input('Enter the sequence x2(n) ');
    N1=length(x1);
    N2=length(x2);
    N3=N1+N2-1;
    if (N3>N2)
    x2=[x2 zeros(1,N3-N2)];
    end
    if (N3>N1)
    x1=[x1 zeros(1,N3-N1)];
    end
    X1=fft(x1,N3)
    X2=fft(x2,N3)
    Y=X1.*X2;
    y=ifft(Y,N3)
    subplot(3,1,1);
    n1=0:1:length(x1)-1;
    stem(n1,x1);
    xlabel('time');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('First Sequence');
    subplot(3,1,2);
    n2=0:1:length(x2)-1;
    stem(n2,x2);
    xlabel('time');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('Second Sequence');
    subplot(3,1,3);
    n=0:1:length(y)-1;
    stem(n,y);
    xlabel('Time');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('Linear Convolution using DFT and IDFT');
    Enter the sequence x1(n) [1 2 3 4]
    Enter the sequence x2(n) [9 8 1 6]

    X1 = 10.0000 -2.0245 - 6.2240i 0.3460 + 2.4791i 0.1784 - 2.4220i 0.1784 + 2.4220i 0.3460 -
    2.4791i -2.0245 + 6.2240i

    X2 = 24.0000 8.3596 - 9.8329i 10.0598 - 2.6746i 1.0806 - 8.5388i 1.0806 + 8.5388i 10.0598 +
    2.6746i 8.3596 + 9.8329i

    y = 9.0000 26.0000 44.0000 68.0000 47.0000 22.0000 24.0000


    %Circular Convolution using DFT IDFT
    x1 = input('Enter the first sequence');
    x2 = input('Enter the second sequence');
    N1= length(x1);
    N2= length(x2);
    N=max(N1,N2);
    N3=N1-N2;
    if(N3>0)
    x2=[x2 zeros(1,N3)];
    else
    x1=[x1 zeros(1,N3)];
    end
    X1=fft(x1,N)
    X2=fft(x2,N)
    y=X1.*X2
    y=ifft(y,N)
    subplot(3,1,1);
    n1=0:1:length(X1)-1;
    stem(n1,X1);
    xlabel('Time');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('First sequence');
    subplot(3,1,2);
    n2=0:1:length(X2)-1;
    stem(n2,X1);
    xlabel('Time');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('Second sequence');
    subplot(3,1,3);
    n=0:1:length(y)-1;
    stem(n,y);
    xlabel('Time');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('Circular Convolution using DFT and IDFT');

    Result

    Enter the first sequence[1 2 3 4]


    Enter the second sequence[5 6 7 8 9]
    X1 =
    10.0000 -4.0451 - 1.3143i 1.5451 - 2.1266i 1.5451 + 2.1266i -4.0451 + 1.3143i
    X2 =
    35.0000 -2.5000 + 3.4410i -2.5000 + 0.8123i -2.5000 - 0.8123i -2.5000 - 3.4410i
    y=
    1.0e+002 *
    3.5000 0.1464 - 0.1063i -0.0214 + 0.0657i -0.0214 - 0.0657i 0.1464 + 0.1063i
    y=
    75 75 70 60 70
    Verification of sampling theorem :nyquist rate sampling

    t=0:0.01:1;
    f=5;
    x=cos(2*pi*f*t);
    subplot(3,1,1);
    plot(t,x);
    title('original signal');
    fs=2*f;
    n=0:1/fs:1;
    xn=cos(2*pi*f*n);
    subplot(3,1,2);
    stem(n,xn);
    title('sampled signal');
    n1=0:1/fs:1;
    xn1=interp1(n,xn,n1);
    subplot(3,1,3);
    plot(n1,xn1,t,x);
    title('reconstructed signal');
    %%Butterworth Prototype
    Ap=input('enter passband attenuation in db =');
    As=input('enter stopband attenuation in db =');
    fp=input('enter passband frequency in hz =');
    fs= input('enter stopband frequency in hz =');
    Fs=input('enter sampling frequency in hz=');
    W1=2* fp / Fs ;
    W2=2* fs / Fs ;
    [N,Wn]=buttord(W1,W2,Ap,As)
    [b,a]=butter(N,Wn)
    freqz(b,a);
    title('Butterworth frequency response')

    %INPUT:
    %enter passband attenuation =1
    %enter stopband attenuation =15
    %enter passband frequency =1500
    %enter stopband frequency =2000
    %enter sampling frequency=8000

    enter passband attenuation in db =1

    enter stopband attenuation in db =15

    enter passband frequency in hz =1500

    enter stopband frequency in hz =2000

    enter sampling frequency in hz=8000

    N= 6
    Wn = 0.4104

    b = 0.0117 0.0699 0.1748 0.2331 0.1748 0.0699 0.0117

    a = 1.0000 -1.0635 1.2005 -0.5836 0.2318 -0.0437 0.0043


    DFT without using MATLAB function
    x=input('Enter the sequence x= ');
    N=input('Enter the length of the DFT N= ');
    len=length(x);
    if N>len
    x=[x zeros(1,N-len)];
    end
    i=sqrt(-1);
    w=exp(-i*2*pi/N);
    n=0:(N-1);
    k=0:(N-1);
    nk=n'*k;
    W=w.^nk;
    X=x*W;
    disp(X);
    subplot(211);
    stem(k,abs(X),'filled');
    title('Magnitude Spectrum');
    xlabel('Discrete frequency');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    grid on;
    subplot(212);
    PhaseX=angle(X)*180/pi
    plot(k,angle(X));
    title('Phase Spectrum');
    xlabel('Discrete frequency');
    ylabel('Phase Angle');
    grid on;
    result: Enter the sequence x= [1 2 3 4]
    Enter the length of the DFT N= 4
    Columns 1 through 3
    10.0000 -2.0000 + 2.0000i -2.0000 - 0.0000i
    Column 4
    -2.0000 - 2.0000i
    PhaseX =
    0 135.0000 -180.0000 -135.0000
    %Calculation of N-point DFT and IDFT using MATLAB function

    x1=input('enter the sequence X1=');


    N=input('enter the value of N=');
    xk=fft(x1,N);
    subplot(2,2,1);
    n=0:1:length(xk)-1;
    stem(n,abs(xk));
    disp(abs(xk));
    xlabel('time index');
    ylabel('amplitude');
    title('magnitude plot');
    subplot(2,2,2);
    stem(n,angle(xk));
    disp(angle(xk));
    xlabel('time index');
    ylabel('amplitude');
    title('angle plot');
    xk1=ifft(xk,N);
    subplot(2,2,3);
    stem(n,(xk1));
    xlabel('time index');
    ylabel('amplitude');
    title('inverse fourier transform');
    Result

    enter the sequence X1=[1 2 3 4]


    enter the value of N=4
    10.0000 2.8284 2.0000 2.8284
    0 2.3562 3.1416 -2.3562
    %Auto and cross correlation of two sequences and verification of their
    properties
    x=input('enter the sequences')
    subplot(2,2,1);
    n=0:1:length(x)-1;
    stem(n,x);
    xlabel('n');
    ylabel('amplitude');
    title('input sequence');
    Rxx=xcorr(x,x);
    subplot(2,2,2);
    nRxx=-length(x)+1:length(x)-1;
    stem(nRxx,Rxx);
    xlabel('auto correlation axis');
    ylabel('auto correlation magnitude');
    title('auto correlation output');

    %verification of properties

    energy = sum(x.^2)
    center_index = ceil(length(Rxx)/2)
    Rxx_0 = Rxx(center_index)
    if Rxx_0==energy
    disp('Rxx(0) gives energy - proved');
    else
    disp('Rxx(0) gives energy - not proved');
    end
    Rxx_right=Rxx(center_index:1:length(Rxx))
    Rxx_left=Rxx(center_index:-1:1)
    if Rxx_right == Rxx_left
    disp('Rxx is even');
    else
    disp('Rxx is odd');
    end

    result

    enter the sequences [4 5 6 7]


    x= 4 5 6 7
    energy = 126
    center_index = 4
    Rxx_0 = 126
    Rxx(0) gives energy - proved
    Rxx_right = 126.0000 92.0000 59.0000 28.0000
    Rxx_left = 126.0000 92.0000 59.0000 28.0000
    Rxx is even
    plot

    %cross correlation
    X=[1 2 4 6 5]
    Y=[1 3 2 1 4]
    n = 0:1:length(X)-1;
    m = 0:1:length(Y)-1;
    subplot(2,2,1);
    stem(n,X);
    xlabel('n');
    ylabel('amplitude');
    title('input1 sequence');
    subplot(2,2,2);
    stem(m,Y);
    xlabel('n');
    ylabel('amplitude');
    title('input2 sequence');
    RXY = xcorr(X,Y)
    nRXY = -length(X) +1:length(X)-1
    subplot(2,2,3);
    stem(nRXY,RXY);
    xlabel('crosscorr axis');
    ylabel('crosscorr magnitude');
    title('crosscorr output');
    %solving a given difference equation without initial condition

    b=input('enter the co efficients of x(n), x(n-1)... ');


    a=input('enter the co efficients of y(n),y(n-1).....');
    n=input('enter the number of samples of imp response');

    [h,t]=impz(b,a,n);
    disp(h);
    stem(t,h);
    grid on;
    xlabel('samples n');
    ylabel('amplitude');
    title('unit sample response');

    %enter the co efficients of x(n), x(n-1)... [1 0.5 0.85]


    %enter the co efficients of y(n),y(n-1).....[1 -1 -1]
    %enter the number of sampples of imp response 4

    Result
    enter the co efficients of x(n), x(n-1)... [2 -1]
    enter the co efficients of y(n),y(n-1).....[1 3 2]
    enter the number of samples of imp response4
    2
    -7
    17
    -37

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