Family 1

IAS WITH ANTHROPOLOGY
Telegram Group For UPSC Anthropology preparation
FAMILY
DEFINITION
Family is the basic social institution and it is the basic unit of society.its basis is
both biological and social
biological aspect is that family provides for satisfaction of individuals sex urge
further family provides food,clothes and shelter and thus helps individual
satisfy the basic needs
ACCORDING TO MURDOK,family is a social group characterised by common
residence ,economic cooperation and reproduction .
according to Murray and zentner family is a social system and primary
reference group made up of two or more persons living together who are
related by blood,marriage or adoption or who are living together by
arrangement over a period of time
among the kharia the elementary unit of society is family consisting of parents
and their childrens own or adopted .the father is the central figure in the
family ; all authority is vested in him and lineage or descent are traced through
him .All property belongs to him and his sons the kharia family is based upon
monogamous marriage
characteristics of a family
1. The family as a social group is universal and is significant element in man’s
social life
2.It is the first social group to which the individual is exposed
3. Family contacts and relationship are repetitive and continuous
4.The family is very close and intimate group
5. It is setting of the most intense emotional experiences during the life time of
the individual
FUNCTIONS OF FAMILY
1.REPRODUCTION it is the most important function of the family and it is
through this function family helps society is in continuation
2.SOCIALISATION it is through socialization children born in the family are
taught cultural values,norms,customs and tradition of society .Thus
socialisation helps the individual in development of his personality and helps
the society in transmitting culture from one generation to another
3.economic function economic function of the family is to co- operate with
each other in the maintainance of family as a whole . Fulfilment of economic
necessities of the family members is very important
family also helps in the development of society as a whole
4.religious function for the well being of the individual members the family
performs rituals and offers sacrifice to the supernatural etc
5.political function family is the most important agency of social control.since
there is a emotional relationship among the family members,parents are more
effective in regulating the behaviour of the child and other members of the
family than any other agency of social control
TYPES OF FAMILY
Family may be viewed from different view points and so a classification of
family can be obtained as follows
FAMILY FROM STRUCTURE POINT OF VIEW
from this point of view family can be divided into 3 types
1.simple or nuclear family
It consists of husband,wife and unmarried children
ex: Munda,santhal and several non-tribal societies
every nuclear family is discontinuous because children after marriage establish
separate household
2.joint family
If two or more nuclear family live together under a common shelter .and share
a common hearth and a common purse then this type of family is known as
joint family
ex: hindu joint family
among nayar of kerala there is a matrineal type of sisters joint family known as
THARAVAD Tthe eldest women is the titular head of the household ,but house
,land and joint property is administered by the eldest brother for the benefit of
the family .the members of the theravad includes sister and their children and
sisters adult brothers
3.EXTENDED FAMILY
when the nuclear family is found to be extended on all sides by certain
adhesions in the form of relatives of both sides that is husband’s and wife’s
sides .Then it can be declared as a extended family .in most of the patrilineal
societies of india we do find such type of family
in this type of family widowed sister with her children and even the old
widowed father sister may live.
FROM THE POINT OF BLOOD RELATIONSHOP

1. FAMILY OF ORIENTATION
It is the family in which one is born .His identity in this family is as a son.The
father’s family of the hindus and the muslims of india ,are examples of such
family
2.FAMILY OF PROCREATION
The family which a person sets up after one’s marriage .his affiliation to this
family will be as father
FROM MARRIAGE POINT OF VIEW

1.MONOGAMOUS FAMILY
This type of familys develop out of marriage between one man and one
women .It is the common type of family found among the advanced and tribal
societies of india . In this type of family there is emphasis on husband-wife
relationship
2.POLYGYNOUS FAMILY
A man marries more than a one women
ex: ho tribes
some wealthy people have more than one wife ,they also follow this type of
marriage
3.POLYANDROUS FAMILY
These type of families exists among toda tribe of nilgiris and khasas of
dehradun
women marries a more than one man and they all stay in a common shelter
ON THE BASIS OF RESIDENCE

1. PATRILOCAL FAMILY
After marriage if the couple lives with husband’s father family
ex : munda .santhal ,ho
2. MATRILOCAL FAMILY
After marriage couple lives with wife’s mother’s family as in
ex: kasi and garo of meghalaya
3. NEOLOCAL FAMILY
After marriage couple lives at a new place
4. AVUNCULOCAL FAMILY
After the marriage the couple live with or near maternal uncle
5. BIOLOCAL FAMILY in some societies a married couple may live with or near
the parents of either of the spouses
6. VIRILOCAL FAMILY After marriage the couple lives near the husband’s
father’s family
FROM DESCENT POINT OF VIEW

1. PATRILENIAL FAMILY
in patrilineal family property ,status and knowledge are inherited through male
lines
example: munda ,gond
2. MATRININEAL FAMILY
In matrilineal family property and status are inherited through the mother line
ex: Garo,khasi and jaintia of meghalaya

these type of family house is owned by women
here women desire not boy child but a female child

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IAS WITH ANTHROPOLOGY

Telegram Group For UPSC Anthropology preparation

FROM THE POINT OF BLOOD RELATIONSHOP

FROM MARRIAGE POINT OF VIEW

ON THE BASIS OF RESIDENCE

FROM DESCENT POINT OF VIEW

ex: Garo,khasi and jaintia of meghalaya

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