3.

3 Check of AISC-341 Requirement

This is a check for unbalanced force as per Section 14.3 of AISC 341-05 for special bracing
requirements for V-Type and Inverted V-Type Vertical Bracing System.

3.3.1 Modeling and Design Concept

To satisfy this criteria of AISC 341-05, the beams are sized so as to able to resist the expected
plastic and post-buckling capacity of the vertical braces.To simulate this situation, in the computer
model, braces are removed or inactivated and replaced with forces representing their capacities.
These loads will be applied for four cases,reflecting Earthquake loads applied both left and right
in two orthogonal directions (+Pt1x, -Pt1x, +Pt1z, -Pt1z) . The vertical braces expected to be
tension under the seismic loading will be replaced by Pt1 = RyFyAg but shall not exceed the
maximum force that can be developed by the system (Pt1 = Ω0E) and the braces expected to be
compression are replaced with Pci = 0.3Pn. When the direction of seismic load direction is reversed,
the tension braces in the previous loading will be in compression and vice versa.

The structural model to be considered for unbalanced force analysis should be same as static
analysis model with following modifications:

i) The verical braces are modelled as inactive members so that their stiffness as well as weight
will be not included in the analysis. This will give the same effect as deleting the members.

ii) A fixed supports are assigned in the column-girder joints so as to model and analyze the
girders as fixed end supported systems.
3D Model highlighting the vertical braces

Line 1
(Longitudinal Direction)

Line 2
(Longitudinal Direction)
 Line 3
(Longitudinal Direction)

Line 4
(Longitudinal Direction)
 Line E
(Transverse Direction)

Line D'
(Transverse Direction)
3.3.2 Calculation of Equivalent Tension and Compression Forces of Vertical Braces
(Pti and Pci for Longitudinal (Z-Direction) and Transverse (X-Direction) Frame)
Longitudinal Frame

1
91
90
8
4
49 49
1

Y
Z X

Line 1
(Longitudinal frame)
 0
91
907
3
49 49
0

Y
Z X Line 2
(Longitudinal frame)
9
90
7 906

2
50

49 48
50

9
5

Y
Line 3
Z X
(Longitudinal frame)
 9
94

94
8
6
50

50
4
98

97
Y Line 4
Z X (Longitudinal frame)

θc
Pt3 Pc3

θt θc
Pt2 Pc2

Line 1
Y
(Longitudinal frame)
Z X
Modified Frame
 θt θc
Pt3 Pc3

θt θc
Pt2 Pc2

Y
Z X

Line 2
(Longitudinal frame)
Modified Frame

θt θc
Pc4
Pt4

θt θc θt
θc
Pc2 Pc3
Pt2 Pt3

Y
Z X
Line 3
(Longitudinal frame)
Modified Frame
 θt θc
Pt2 Pc3

θt θc
Pt2 Pc2

θt θc
Pt2 Pc2

Y
Z X

Line 4
(Longitudinal frame)
Modified Frame
LINE 1
Direction Tension Forces Compression Forces
Max
Seismic

Vertical Member RyFyAg Pt1 θt Member Pc1 Pc1z

Tension, T Pt1z Pt1y Pn(kN) θc(deg) Pc1y(kN)
Brace No. (kN) (kN) (deg) No. (0.3*Pn) (kN)
(Ωo x E )
GL +10400 TO GL+13400
Grid C~D:
(+) Z P219.1X6 494 497.27 1511.52 497.27 33.69 413.76 275.84 491 730.80 219.24 33.69 182.42 121.61
(-) Z P219.1X6 491 486.22 1511.52 486.22 33.69 404.56 269.71 494 730.80 219.24 33.69 182.42 121.61
GL +13400 TO GL+16400
Grid A~D':
(+) Z P114.3x4.5 911 65.17 582.8 65.17 63.43 29.15 58.29 908 251.27 75.38 63.43 33.72 67.42
(-) Z P114.3x4.5 908 75.17 582.8 75.17 63.43 33.62 67.23 911 251.27 75.38 63.43 33.72 67.42
LINE 2
Tension Forces Compression Forces
Direction Max
Seismic
Vertical Member RyFyAg Pt1 θt Member Pc1z
Tension, T Pt1z Pt1y Pn(kN) b θc(deg) Pc1y(kN)
Brace No. (kN) (kN) (deg) No. (kN)
(Ωo x E )
GL +10400 TO GL+13400
Grid C~D:
(+) Z P219.1X6 493 340.47 1511.52 340.47 33.69 283.28 188.86 490 730.80 219.24 33.69 182.42 121.61
(-) Z P219.1X6 490 329.76 1511.52 329.76 33.69 274.38 182.92 493 730.80 219.24 33.69 182.42 121.61
GL +13400 TO GL+16400
Grid A~D':
(+) Z P114.3x4.5 910 29.93 582.8 29.93 63.43 13.39 26.77 907 251.27 75.38 63.43 33.72 67.42
(-) Z P114.3x4.5 907 152.38 582.8 152.38 63.43 68.16 136.29 910 251.27 75.38 63.43 33.72 67.42
 LINE 3
Tension Forces Compression Forces
Direction Max
Seismic
Vertical Member RyFyAg Pt1 θt Member Pc1 Pc1z
Tension, T Pt1z Pt1y Pn(kN) θc(deg) Pc1y(kN)
Brace No. (kN) (kN) (deg) No. (0.3*Pn) (kN)
(Ωo x E )

GL +10900 TO GL+13400
Grid D'~E:
(+) Z P139.7x4.5 507 21.12 718.16 21.12 45.00 14.93 14.93 505 341.85 102.56 45.00 72.52 72.52
(-) Z P139.7x4.5 505 97.92 718.16 97.92 45.00 69.24 69.24 507 341.85 102.56 45.00 72.52 72.52
Grid C~D:
(+) Z P219.1X6 492 372.99 1511.52 372.99 33.69 310.35 206.90 489 730.80 219.24 33.69 182.42 121.61
(-) Z P219.1X6 489 362.24 1511.52 362.24 33.69 301.40 200.94 492 730.80 219.24 33.69 182.42 121.61
GL +13400 TO GL+16400
Grid A~D':
(+) Z P114.3x4.5 909 137.50 582.8 137.50 63.43 61.50 122.98 906 251.27 75.38 63.43 33.72 67.42
(-) Z P114.3x4.5 906 110.27 582.8 110.27 63.43 49.32 98.63 909 251.27 75.38 63.43 33.72 67.42
LINE 4
Tension Forces Compression Forces
Direction Max
Seismic
Vertical Member RyFyAg Pt1 θt Member Pc1 Pc1z
Tension, T Pt1z Pt1y Pn(kN) θc(deg) Pc1y(kN)
Brace No. (kN) (kN) (deg) No. (0.3*Pn) (kN)
(Ωo x E )
GL +2900 TO GL+5400
Grid A~D':
(+) Z P114.3x4.5 98 126.03 582.8 126.03 45.00 89.11 89.11 97 241.09 72.33 45.00 51.14 51.14
(-) Z P114.3x4.5 97 125.39 582.8 125.39 45.00 88.66 88.66 98 241.09 72.33 45.00 51.14 51.14
GL +10900 TO GL+13400
Grid A~D':
(+) Z P88.9x4 506 74.18 402.32 74.18 45.00 52.45 52.45 504 125.57 37.67 45.00 26.64 26.64
(-) Z P88.9x4 504 74.12 402.32 74.12 45.00 52.41 52.41 506 125.57 37.67 45.00 26.64 26.64
GL +15550 TO GL+19000
Grid A~D':
(+) Z P88.9x4 949 59.83 402.32 59.83 54.02 35.15 48.42 948 91.53 27.46 54.02 16.13 22.22
(-) Z P88.9x4 948 60.21 402.32 60.21 54.02 35.37 48.72 949 91.53 27.46 54.02 16.13 22.22

where
Pt1= Equivalent Force of Brace in Tension; min(Ry.Fy.Ag, Ωo x E ) Pc1= Force of brace in compression (0.3*Pn)
Pt1z= Pt1 cosθ (horizontal component, z-dir) Pc1z= Pc1 cosθ (horizontal component, z-dir)
Pt1y= Pt1 sinθ (vertical component, y-dir) Pc1y= Pc1 sinθ (Verticall component, y-dir)
Pn= Nominal Compressive strength of brace θ= Angle of inclination of brace with the girders
T= Ωo x E (Max. Tensile force of brace including overstrength in degrees)
factor, Ωo = 2)
E = Seismic Loads

Calculation of Nominal Compressive Strength of Brace as per Section E3 of AISC 360-05

Pn = Fcr Ag
Fcr = (0.658(Fy/Fe)) * Fy , when KL/ry ≤ 4.71*(E/Fy)1/2
Fcr = 0.877 * Fe , when KL/ry ≥ 4.71*(E/Fy)1/2
2 2
Fe = (π * E) / (KL/r y)

Fy = 235 N/mm2
E= 200000 N/mm2
K= 1
Ry = 1.6
 Member Member Ag Iy ry L KL/ry 4.71(E/Fy)1/2 Fe Fcr Pn
*Remarks
Designation Size mm 2
mm 4
mm mm ① ② N/mm2 N/mm2 kN
GL +2900 TO GL+5400
P114.3x4.5 P114.3 1550 2340000 38.85 3536 91.01 137.40 ①<② 238.34 155.54 241.09
GL +10400 TO GL+13400
P219.1x6 P219.1 4020 22820000 75.34 5408 71.78 137.40 ①<② 383.13 181.79 730.80
GL +10900 TO GL+13400
P88.9x4 p88.9 1070 960000 29.95 3536 118.05 137.40 ①<② 141.64 117.35 125.57
GL +13400 TO GL+16400
P114.3x4.5 p114.3 1550 2340000 38.85 3354 86.32 137.40 ①<② 264.90 162.11 251.27
GL +15550 TO GL+19000
P88.9x4 P88.9 1070 960000 29.95 4261 142.26 137.40 ①>② 97.54 85.55 91.53
GL +10900 TO GL+13400
P139.7x4.5 P139.7 1910 4370000 47.83 3536 73.92 137.40 ①<② 361.21 178.98 341.85
Note: "*Remarks" shows whether ① KL/r y ≤ ② 4.71 * (E/F y ) 1/2 for Fcr value.

STAAD LOADING INPUT

(+Z) DIRECTION
Grid Level Tension Brace Compression Brace Staad loading Input
Load Load Load Load Fub
Load Comp. Node No.
(kN) Comp. (kN) type (kN)
Pt2z 413.76 Pc2z 182.42 348 FZ 596.18
2
Pt2y -275.84 Pc2y 121.61 348 FY -154.22
1
Pt3z 29.15 Pc3x 33.72 476 FZ 62.87
3
Pt3y -58.29 Pc3y 67.42 476 FY 9.13
Pt2z 283.28 Pc2z 182.42 346 FZ 465.70
2
Pt2y -188.86 Pc2y 121.61 346 FY -67.24
2
Pt3z 13.39 Pc3z 33.72 475 FZ 47.10
3
Pt3y -26.77 Pc3y 67.42 475 FY 40.65
Pt2z 14.93 Pc2z 72.52 435 FZ 87.45
Pt2y -14.93 Pc2y 72.52 435 FY 57.58
2
Pt3z 310.35 Pc3z 182.42 345 FZ 492.77
3
Pt3y -206.90 Pc3y 121.61 345 FY -85.28
Pt4z -61.50 Pc4z 33.72 474 FZ -27.78
3
Pt4y 122.98 Pc4y 67.42 474 FY 190.40
Pt1z 89.11 Pc1z 51.14 70 FZ 140.26
1
Pt1y -89.11 Pc1y 51.14 70 FY -37.97
Pt2z 52.45 Pc2z 26.64 434 FZ 79.09
4 2
Pt2y -52.45 Pc2y 26.64 434 FY -25.82
Pt3z 35.15 Pc3z 16.13 489 FZ 51.28
3
Pt3y -48.42 Pc3y 22.22 489 FY -26.20
(-Z) DIRECTION
Grid Level Tension Brace Compression Brace Staad loading Input
Load Load Load Load Fub
Load Comp. Node No.
(kN) Comp. (kN) type (kN)
Pt2z -404.56 Pc2z -182.42 348 FZ -586.98
2
Pt2y -269.71 Pc2y 121.61 348 FY -148.10
1
3 Pt3z 33.62 Pc3x 33.72 476 FZ 67.34
Pt3y 67.23 Pc3y -67.42 476 FY -0.19
Pt2z -274.38 Pc2z -182.42 346 FZ -456.80
2
Pt2y -182.92 Pc2y 121.61 346 FY -61.31
2
Pt3z -68.16 Pc3z -33.72 475 FZ -101.88
3
Pt3y -136.29 Pc3y 67.42 475 FY -68.87
Pt2z -69.24 Pc2z -72.52 435 FZ -141.76
Pt2y -69.24 Pc2y 72.52 435 FY 3.28
2
Pt3z -301.40 Pc3z -182.42 345 FZ -483.82
3
Pt3y -200.94 Pc3y 121.61 345 FY -79.32
Pt4z 49.32 Pc4z 33.72 474 FZ 83.04
3
Pt4y 98.63 Pc4y -67.42 474 FY 31.21
Pt1z -88.66 Pc1z -51.14 70 FZ -139.80
1
Pt1y -88.66 Pc1y 51.14 70 FY -37.52
Pt3z -52.41 Pc3z -26.64 434 FZ -79.05
4 2
Pt3y -52.41 Pc3y 26.64 434 FY -25.78
Pt4z -35.37 Pc4z -16.13 489 FZ -51.50
3
Pt4y -48.72 Pc4y 22.22 489 FY -26.50
 6
3

94
94

94
94

7
4
0
90 90
1

1
50

50
2

Y Line D' Y Line E

Z X (Transverse frame) Z X (Transverse frame)
θt θc
θ θc
Pc2
Pc3 Pt2
Pt3
θ θc
Pt1 Pc1

θc
θt
Pc2
Pt2

Y
Y
Z X
Z X

Line D' Line E

(Transverse frame) (Transverse frame)
Modified Frame Modified Frame
Line D'
Tension Forces Compression Forces
Max
Direction
Seismic

Vertical Member RyFyAg Pt1 θt Member Pc1 Pc1x

Tension, T Pt1x Pt1y Pn(kN) θc(deg) Pc1y(kN)
Brace No. (kN) (kN) (deg) No. (0.3*Pn) (kN)
(Ωo x E )

GL +10900 TO GL+13400
Grid 3~4:
(+) Z P114.3x4.5 501 234.87 582.8 234.87 45.00 166.08 166.08 502 241.09 72.33 45.00 51.14 51.14
(-) Z P114.3x4.5 502 243.82 582.8 243.82 45.00 172.41 172.41 501 241.09 72.33 45.00 51.14 51.14
GL +15550 TO GL+19000
Grid 3~4:
(+) Z P88.9x4 943 47.50 402.32 47.50 54.07 27.87 38.46 944 91.53 27.46 54.07 16.11 22.24
(-) Z P88.9x4 944 47.48 402.32 47.48 54.07 27.86 38.45 943 91.53 27.46 54.07 16.11 22.24
Line E
Tension Forces Compression Forces
Direction Max
Vertical Member RyFyAg Pt1 θt Member Pc1 Pc1x
Seismic

Tension, T Pt1x Pt1y Pn(kN) θc(deg) Pc1y(kN)

Brace No. (kN) (kN) (deg) No. (0.3*Pn) (kN)
(Ωo x E )

GL +13400 TO GL+15500
Grid 3~4:
(+) X P139.7x4.5 900 423.18 718.16 423.18 40.03 324.04 272.19 901 354.23 106.27 40.03 81.37 68.35
(-) X P139.7x4.5 901 426.10 718.16 426.10 40.03 326.27 274.06 900 354.23 106.27 40.03 81.37 68.35
GL +15500 TO GL+9000
Grid 3~4:
(+) X P88.9x4 946 83.99 402.32 83.99 54.07 49.29 68.01 947 91.53 27.46 54.07 16.11 22.24
(-) X P88.9x4 947 93.70 402.32 93.70 54.07 54.98 75.87 946 91.53 27.46 54.07 16.11 22.24

where
Pt1= Equivalent Force of Brace in Tension; min(Ry.Fy.Ag, Ωo x E ) Pc1= Force of brace in compression (0.3*Pn)
Pt1x= Pt1 cosθ (horizontal component, x-dir) Pc1x= Pc1 cosθ (horizontal component, x-dir)
Pt1y= Pt1 sinθ (vertical component, y-dir) Pc1y= Pc1 sinθ (Verticall component, y-dir)
Pn= Nominal Compressive strength of brace θ= Angle of inclination of brace with the girders
T= Ωo x E (Max. Tensile force of brace including overstrength in degrees)
factor, Ωo = 2)
E = Seismic Loads

Calculation of Nominal Compressive Strength of Brace as per Section E3 of AISC 360-05

Pn = Fcr Ag
Fcr = (0.658(Fy/Fe)) * Fy , when KL/ry ≤ 4.71*(E/Fy)1/2
Fcr = 0.877 * Fe , when KL/ry ≥ 4.71*(E/Fy)1/2
2 2
Fe = (π * E) / (KL/r y)

Fy = 235 N/mm2
E= 200000 N/mm2
K= 1
Ry = 1.6
 Member Member Ag Iy ry L KL/ry 4.71(E/Fy)1/2 Fe Fcr Pn
*Remarks
Designation Size mm 2
mm 4
mm mm ① ② N/mm2 N/mm2 kN
GL +10900 TO GL+13400
P114.3x4.5 P114.3 1550 2340000 38.85 3536 91.01 137.40 ①<② 238.34 155.54 241.09
GL +13400 TO GL+15500
P139.7x4.5 P139.7 1910 4370000 47.83 3297 68.93 137.40 ①<② 415.47 185.46 354.23
GL +15500 TO GL+19000
P88.9x4 P88.9 1070 960000 29.95 4261 142.26 137.40 ①>② 97.54 85.55 91.53
Note: "*Remarks" shows whether ① KL/r y ≤ ② 4.71 * (E/F y ) 1/2 for Fcr value.

STAAD LOADING INPUT

(+X) DIRECTION
Grid Level Tension Brace Compression Brace Staad loading Input
Load Load Load Load Fub
Load Comp. Node No.
(kN) Comp. (kN) type (kN)
2 Pt2x -166.08 Pc1x 51.14 411 FX -217.22
D' Pt2y -166.08 Pc1y 51.14 411 FY -114.94
3 Pt3x -27.87 Pc1x 16.11 487 FX -43.98
Pt3y -38.46 Pc1y 22.24 487 FY -16.22
E 1 Pt1x -324.04 Pc1x 81.37 464 FX -405.41
Pt1y -272.19 Pc1y 68.35 464 FY -203.84
2 Pt2x -49.29 Pc1x 16.11 491 FX -65.40
Pt2y -68.01 Pc1y 22.24 491 FY -45.77
 (-X) DIRECTION
Grid Level Tension Brace Compression Brace Staad loading Input
Load Load Load Load Fub
Load Comp. Node No.
(kN) Comp. (kN) type (kN)
D' 2 Pt2x 172.41 Pc1x -51.14 411 FX 223.55
Pt2y -172.41 Pc1y 51.14 411 FY -121.26
3 Pt3x 27.86 Pc1x -16.11 487 FX 43.97
Pt3y -38.45 Pc1y 22.24 487 FY -16.21
E 1 Pt1x 326.27 Pc1x -81.37 464 FX 407.64
Pt1y -274.06 Pc1y 68.35 464 FY -205.71
2 Pt2x 54.98 Pc1x -16.11 491 FX 71.10
Pt2y -75.87 Pc1y 22.24 491 FY -53.64

3.3.3 Load Combinations

a) (1.2+0.2SDs) (D+Q2) + 0.5L+P 1.326 D + 1.326 Q2 +0.5L + P

b) (0.9 - 0.2SDs) (D+Q2) + P 0.774 D + 0.774 Q2 + P

Where, P is the unbalanced force due to the veritical braces.

Load Combinations for Stress Check

Basic Load Cases

Load Comb 1 3 5 101 102 103 104
D Q2 L +PX -PX +PZ -PZ
1001 1.326 1.326 0.5 1.0
1002 1.326 1.326 0.5 1.0
1003 1.326 1.326 0.5 1.0
1004 1.326 1.326 0.5 1.0
1005 0.774 0.774 1.0
1006 0.774 0.774 1.0
1007 0.774 0.774 1.0
1008 0.774 0.774 1.0
3.3.4 Design of Steel Members

The Girders where the Vertical braces intersect shall be locally checked for combined forces induced
by the Dead loads, Live loads and Equivalent tension and compression forces of the vertical braces
inaccordance with AISC 341-05 in conjunction with AISC 360-05. These girders shall be expected
to resist the plastic and post buckling capacity of the vertical braces.

Strength Max. Ratio = 0.829

Strength
Beam Design Property Clause L/C
Ratio
103 HN350X175 0.223 Eq. H1-1b 9004
105 HN350X175 0.225 Eq. H1-1b 9003
645 HN600X200 0.485 Eq. H1-1b 9004
650 HN600X200 0.759 Eq. H1-1b 9004
657 HN600X200 0.667 Eq. H1-1b 9004
673 HN600X200 0.546 Eq. H1-1b 9004
676 HN600X200 0.813 Eq. H1-1b 9004
679 HN600X200 0.829 Eq. H1-1b 9004
688 HN600X200 0.808 Eq. H1-1b 9004
692 HN600X200 0.540 Eq. H1-1b 9004
697 HN600X200 0.822 Eq. H1-1b 9004
699 HN600X200 0.777 Eq. H1-1b 9004
721 HN600X200 0.427 Eq. H1-1b 9004
728 HN600X200 0.705 Eq. H1-1b 9004
731 HN600X200 0.660 Eq. H1-1b 9004
808 HM340X250 0.153 Eq. H1-1b 9002
809 HM340X250 0.354 Eq. H1-1b 9002
810 HM340X250 0.395 Eq. H1-1b 9002
811 HM340X250 0.395 Eq. H1-1b 9002
812 HM340X250 0.233 Eq. H1-1b 9002
823 HN400X200 0.078 Eq. H1-1b 9004
830 HN700X300 0.062 Eq. H1-1b 9007
850 HN700X300 0.053 Sec. G2.1(a) 9007
852 HN400X200 0.119 Eq. H1-1b 9004
854 HN700X300 0.047 Eq. H1-1b 9007
869 HN400X200 0.118 Eq. H1-1b 9004
870 HN700X300 0.048 Eq. H1-1b 9007
915 HM340X250 0.660 Eq. H1-1b 9002
916 HM340X250 0.725 Eq. H1-1b 9002
925 HN350X175 0.507 Eq. H1-1b 9007
926 HN300X150 0.516 Eq. H1-1b 9004
927 HN250X125 0.226 Eq. H1-1b 9004
934 HN350X175 0.512 Eq. H1-1b 9007
935 HN300X150 0.548 Eq. H1-1b 9004
936 HN250X125 0.252 Eq. H1-1b 9004
958 HN300X150 0.280 Eq. H1-1b 9001
959 HN300X150 0.253 Eq. H1-1b 9002
960 HN300X150 0.291 Eq. H1-1b 9004
962 HN300X150 0.540 Eq. H1-1b 9004
963 HN300X150 0.505 Eq. H1-1b 9002
964 HN300X150 0.507 Eq. H1-1b 9002
967 HN300X150 0.190 Eq. H1-1b 9001
968 HN300X150 0.274 Eq. H1-1b 9002
971 HN300X150 0.461 Eq. H1-1b 9004
1086 HN300X150 0.239 Eq. H1-1b 9002