Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console)

User Guide
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2 Active@ KillDisk User Guide

 Contents
1. Product Overview .................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Erasing Confidential Data ................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Wiping Confidential Data from Unoccupied Disk’s Space .................................................... 6
2 System Requirements ............................................................................................................. 12
2.1 Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) Versions ................................................................... 12
3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux .......................................................................................... 16
3.1 Bootable Disk Creation..................................................................................................... 16
3.2 Interactive, Command Line and Batch Modes................................................................... 18
3.3 Application settings (KillDisk.ini file) ................................................................................. 30
3.4 Erase or Wipe Logical Drives (Partitions).......................................................................... 33
3.5 Completed Erase or Wipe Operation Information ............................................................. 35
4 Common Questions................................................................................................................. 37
5 Erase/Wipe Parameters and Application Settings..................................................................... 39
6 Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................................... 46

3
1 Product Overview
Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) is a powerful utility that will:
 Wipe confidential data from unused space on your hard drive.
 Erase data from partitions or from an entire hard disk.
 Destroy data permanently.
Wiping the logical drive's deleted data does not delete existing files and
folders. It processes all unoccupied drive space so that data recovery of
previously deleted files becomes impossible. Installed applications and
existing data are not touched by this process. Active@ KillDisk wipes unused
data residue from file slack space, unused sectors, and unused space in
system records or directory records.
When you erase data with Active@ KillDisk for Linux, you destroy data
permanently by conforming to any one of more than twenty international
data sanitizing standards or using your own custom settings.
Wiping drive space or erasing data can take a long time, so perform these
operations when the system is not being otherwise utilized. For example,
these operations may be run overnight. If you have several physical hard
disk drives attached to the machine, KillDisk can erase or wipe them
simultaneously (in multi-threaded mode), thus saving you time and work
costs.
After erase or wipe actions are completed, KillDisk offers you the options of
initializing erased disks, shutting down your computer, saving a log file and
the certificate (XML or HTML). Custom erase or wipe certificates can be
created using your company logo and attributes.
KillDisk supports command line parameters (what to erase, which method to
use, etc… ) and executable exit codes. Application can be run in batch mode,
which is fully automated and requires no user interaction.

1.1 Erasing Confidential Data

Modern methods of data encryption are deterring network attackers from
extracting sensitive data from stored database files. Attackers who want to
retrieve confidential data are becoming more resourceful by looking into
places where data might be stored temporarily. For example, a hard drive on
a local network node can be a prime target for such a search. One avenue of
attack is the recovery of data from residual data on a discarded hard drive.
When deleting confidential data from hard drives, removable disks, or USB
devices, it is important to extract all traces of the data so that recovery is not
possible.
 1 Product Overview

Most official guidelines regarding the disposal of confidential magnetic data

do not take into account the depth of today’s recording densities, nor the
methods used by the operating system when removing data. For example,
Windows DELETE command merely changes the file name so that the
operating system will not look for the file. The situation with NTFS is similar.
Removal of confidential personal information or company trade secrets in the
past might have been performed using the FORMAT command or the FDISK
command. Ordinarily, using these procedures gives users a sense of
confidence that the data has been completely removed.

When using the FORMAT command, Windows displays a message like this:
Important: Formatting a disk removes all information from the disk.

The FORMAT utility actually creates new FAT and ROOT tables, leaving all
previous data on the disk untouched. Moreover, an image of the replaced
FAT and ROOT tables is stored so that the UNFORMAT command can be
used to restore them.
FDISK merely cleans the Partition Table (located in the drive's first sector)
and does not touch anything else.

1.1.1 Advanced Data Recovery Systems

Advances in data recovery have been made such that in many cases data
can be reclaimed from hard drives that have been wiped and disassembled.
Security agencies use advanced applications to find cybercrime-related
evidence. There also are established industrial spy agencies adopting
sophisticated channel coding techniques such as PRML (Partial Response
Maximum Likelihood), a technique used to reconstruct the data on magnetic
disks. Other methods include the use of magnetic force microscopy and
recovery of data based on patterns in erase bands.
Although there are very sophisticated data recovery systems available at a
high price, data can easily be restored with the help of an off-the-shelf data
recovery utility like Active@ File Recovery, making your erased confidential
data quite accessible.
Using our powerful and compact Active@ KillDisk for Linux utility, all data on
your hard drive or removable device can be destroyed without the possibility
of future recovery. After using Active@ KillDisk for Linux, disposal, recycling,
selling, or donating your storage device can be done with peace of mind.

1.1.2 International Standards in Data Removal

Active@ KillDisk conforms to more than twenty international standards for
clearing and sanitizing data (US DoD 5220.22-M, Gutmann and others). You
can be sure that sensitive information is destroyed forever once you erase a

Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) User Guide 5

 disk with Active@ KillDisk. Active@ KillDisk is a quality security application
that destroys data permanently on any computer that can be started using a
bootable CD/DVD-ROM or USB Flash Disk. Access to the drive's data is made
on the physical level via the BIOS (Basic Input-Output Subsystem),
bypassing the operating system’s logical drive structure organization.
Regardless of the operating system, file systems, or type of machine, this
utility can destroy all data on all storage devices. It does not matter which
operating systems or file systems are located on the machine.

1.2 Wiping Confidential Data from Unoccupied Disk’s Space

You may have confidential data on your hard drive in spaces where data
may have been stored temporarily. You may also have deleted files by using
the Recycle Bin and then emptying it. While you are still using your local
hard drive, there may be confidential information available in these
unoccupied spaces.
Wiping the logical drive's deleted data does not delete existing files and
folders. It processes all unoccupied drive space so that recovery of
previously deleted files becomes impossible. Installed applications and
existing data are not touched by this process.
When you wipe unoccupied drive space, the process is run from the bootable
CD/DVD operating system. As a result, the wipe or erase process uses an
operating system that is outside the local hard drive and is not impeded by
Operating System caching. This means that deleted system records can be
wiped clean.
KillDisk wipes unused data residue from file slack space, unused sectors, and
unused space in MTF records or directory records.
Wiping drive space can take a long time, so do this when the system is not
being otherwise utilized. For example, this can be done overnight.

1.2.1 Wipe Algorithms

The process of deleting files does not eliminate them from the hard drive.
Unwanted information may still be left available for recovery on the
computer. A majority of software that advertises itself as performing reliable
deletions simply wipes out free clusters. Deleted information may be kept in
additional areas of a drive. KillDisk therefore offers extra steps to ensure
secure deletion.

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 1.2.2 Specifics of Wiping for Different File Systems
1.2.2.1 NTFS File System

NTFS Compressed Files

Wiping free space inside a file:

The algorithm NTFS has to compress a file it separates into compressed blocks (usually
64KB long). After it is processed, each of these blocks has been allocated a certain
amount of space on the volume. If the compressed information takes up less space than
the source file, then the rest of the space is labeled as sparse space and no space on
the volume is allocated to it. Because the compressed data often doesn't have a size
exactly that of the cluster, the end of each of these blocks stays as unusable space of
significant size. Our algorithm goes through each of these blocks in a compressed file
and wipes the unusable space, erasing previously deleted information that was kept in
those areas.

The MFT (Master File Table) Area

Wiping the system information:

Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) User Guide 7

The $MFT file contains records describing every file on the volume. During the deletion
of these files, the records of their deletion are left untouched -- they are simply recorded
as "deleted". Therefore, file recovery software can use this information to recover
anything from the name of the file and the structure of the deleted directories down to
files smaller than 1KB that are able to be saved in the MFT directly. The algorithm used
by KillDisk wipes all of the unused information out of the MFT records and wipes the
unusable space, making a recovery process impossible.

1.2.2.2 FAT/FAT32/exFAT File System

Wiping Directory Areas

Each directory on a FAT/FAT32 or an exFAT volume can be considered as a specific file

describing the contents of the directory. Inside this descriptor there are many 32-byte
records describing every file and other inner folders. When you delete files this data is
not being fully erased. It is just marked as deleted (hex symbol 0xE5). That’s why data
recovery software can detect and use these records to restore file names and full
directory structures. In some cases, dependent on whether a space where an item is
located has been overwritten yet or not, files and folders can be fully or partially
recovered. Active@ KillDisk makes data recovery impossible by using an algorithm that
wipes out all unused information from directory descriptors. Active@ KillDisk not only
removes unused information but also defragments Directory Areas, thus speeding up
directory access.

8 Active@ KillDisk User Guide

This is how Directory Area looks before Wiping, red rectangles display deleted
records:

This is how Directory Area looks after Wiping: all deleted records removed, root
defragmented:

Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) User Guide 9

 1.2.2.3 Wipe HFS+
HFS+ B-tree

A B-tree file is divided up into fixed-size nodes, each of which contains records
consisting of a key and some data.

In the event of the deletion of a file or folder, there is a possibility of recovering the
metadata of the file (such as its name and attributes), as well as the actual data that the
file consists of. KillDisk's Wipe method clears out all of this free space in the system files.

1.2.2.4 Wiping Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 file systems

A Linux Ext file system family (Ext2/Ext3/Ext4) volume has a global descriptors table.
Descriptors table records are called group descriptors and describe each blocks group.
Each blocks group has an equal number of data blocks. A data block is the smallest
allocation unit; sizes vary from 1024 bytes to 4096 bytes. Each group descriptor has a
blocks allocation bitmap. Each bit of the bitmap shows whether the block is allocated (1)
or available (0). KillDisk software enumerates all groups and for each and every block
within the group on the volume checks the related bitmap to define its availability. If the
block is available, KillDisk wipes it using the method supplied by the user.

10 Active@ KillDisk User Guide

 1.2.3 Wiping File Slack Space
This relates to any regular files located on any file system. Free space to be wiped is
found in the tail end of a file because disk space is usually allocated in 4 KB clusters.
Most files have sizes of more or less than 4KB and thus have slack space at their end.

Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) User Guide 11

2 System Requirements
This chapter outlines the minimum requirements for PCs using
Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console).

Personal Computer
IBM PC compatible machine
Intel 386 or higher (x86 or x64)
64 Mb of RAM
Video: VGA resolution (800x600 pixels, 100 columns x 42 rows)
Operating System: Console Linux of any brand (TinyCore supplied)

Drive Storage System

CD/DVD-ROM or Blu-Ray optical drive
USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 storage device (USB flash disk or external USB disk)
Removable media (memory stick, SD card, compact flash, floppy disk)
Hard Disk Drive types: IDE, ATA, SSD, SATA, eSATA or SCSI with controllers.
Additional drivers can be loaded for RAIDs or non-standard controllers after
the system is booted up.

Other Requirements
A blank CD/DVD/BD disc for burning an ISO image, or a USB flash card to
prepare a bootable USB disk.

2.1 Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) Versions

The performance of Active@ KillDisk for Linux depends on the version of the
application as displayed in the table below.

Table 2-1 Differences between Freeware and Professional Versions

Feature Freeware Professional

Version Version

Securely overwrites and destroys all data on yes yes

physical drive or logical partition

Erases partitions, logical drives and unused disk yes yes

 2 System Requirements

Feature Freeware Professional

Version Version
space

Supports IDE / ATA / SATA / eSATA / SSD / yes yes

SCSI / iSCSI disks, LUN / RAID Disk Arrays

Supports parallel erasing/wiping: two or more yes yes

HDDs can be cleaned up simultaneously

Supports fixed disks, floppies, zip drives, USB yes yes

Flash Cards and USB/USB3 external devices

Supports large-sized drives (more than 2 TB) yes yes

Supports Command Line parameters yes yes

Supports Batch Mode (can be run without of yes

any user interaction)

Operates from bootable CD/DVD/BD Disc or yes yes

USB disk

Detects Hidden Areas (HPA/DCO) on the disks yes yes

Resets detected Disk Hidden Areas yes

Erases with one-pass zeros yes yes

Erases with one-pass random characters yes

Erases with user-defined number of passes yes

US Department of Defense 5220.22 M compliant yes

US Department of Energy M205.1-2 yes

US Army AR380-19 compliant yes

US Air Force 5020 compliant yes

German VISTR compliant yes

Russian GOST p50739-95 compliant yes

Canadian OPS-II compliant yes

British HMG IS5 Baseline/Enhanced compliant yes

Navso P-5329-26 (RL/MFM) compliant yes

Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) User Guide 13

2 System Requirements

Feature Freeware Professional

Version Version

NCSC-TG-025 & NSA 130-2 compliant yes

NIST 800-88 compliant yes

Peter Gutmann’s method compliant yes

Bruce Schneier’s method compliant yes

User defined erase method allows to specify yes

custom pattern for each pass

Supports erasing of all detected HDDs and USBs yes yes

Erasing report created and can be saved in file yes yes

Erasing report can be exported in XML file yes

Displays detected drive and partition yes yes

information

Scans NTFS/EFS, FAT/FAT32/exFAT, HFS+, yes yes

Ext2/Ext3/Ext4, UFS volumes and displays
existing and deleted files and folders

Data verification may be performed after yes

erasing is completed

Disk Viewer allows you to preview any sectors yes yes

or file clusters on a drive

Displays Erase/Wipe certificate for printing yes yes

Saves Erase/Wipe certificate to HTML file yes yes

Certificate can be customized, technician info yes

and company logo can be inserted

Wipes out NTFS, FAT/exFAT, HFS+, yes yes

Ext2/Ext3/Ext4, UFS volumes from areas
containing deleted and unused data

Wipes out free clusters (unused by file data yes yes

sectors)

Wipes out file slack space (unused bytes in the yes yes
last cluster occupied by file)

Wipes out deleted MFT records on NTFS and yes yes

Directory system records on FAT/exFAT

14 Active@ KillDisk User Guide

 2 System Requirements

Feature Freeware Professional

Version Version

Wipes out unused space in any MFT records yes yes

and compressed clusters on NTFS

Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) User Guide 15

3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux
After you download Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console), you will receive a
zipped archive file named KillDisk-LinuxConsole.zip. This file contains
everything you need to get started.
Unpack KillDisk-LinuxConsole.zip and read !ReadMe.txt to get
understanding of files and utilities being supplied.
The application contains main components:
 Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) — file named KillDisk. You can
copy and run this application from your Linux operating system under
Super User account (sudo) to erase/wipe out your disks.
 Bootable CD/DVD/BD ISO – file named KillDisk.iso. Burn this file to
blank CD/DVD/BD disc using any burning software to have bootable Linux
(Console) media launching KillDisk at start.
 USB Boot Disk Creator — files named ISOtoUSB.exe (Windows
executable) and ISOtoUSB (Linux executable). Run this utility to prepare
bootable USB disk using supplied bootable ISO image file.
Using Active@ KillDisk this way allows you to wipe confidential data from
the system cache while gaining exclusive use of a partition because the
operating system runs outside the partition that you are securing.

3.1 Bootable Disk Creation

Boot Disk is a tiny bootable Linux (Console) on CD, DVD, Blu-ray or USB
mass storage device that you may use to start a machine and destroy all
data on the hard drives, or wipe out unused space.

To prepare a bootable CD, DVD, Blu-ray disc media:

Burn a supplied bootable ISO image file (KillDisk.iso) to a blank CD, DVD,
Blu-ray disc using any tools provided by the operating system. For example,
in Windows OS (Vista and later versions) you just double-click ISO file to
launch built-in ISO burner and then click Burn button to start burning. On
Linux (KDE) you can use, for example, K3B Burn Image tool.

To prepare a bootable USB Disk:

 Under Windows OS:
1. Make sure ISO file is in the same folder where ISOtoUSB.exe
2. Launch ISOtoUSB.exe utility with Administrator’s rights
3. Select a proper USB disk from the list of detected disks
4. Click Start button
 3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

 Under Linux OS:

1. Make sure ISO file is in the same folder where ISOtoUSB
2. Launch ISOtoUSB utility under sudo account
3. Select a proper USB disk from the list of detected disks and
press Enter
4. Confirm disk formatting by pressing Y

Note: All existing data on USB Disk you selected will be lost, USB disk will be
formatted and ISO image file will be written to a first bootable partition.
Another partition of type FAT32 will be also created for all available space
and you can use it later on for your data storage.

Note: If you use older versions of Windows (XP and earlier) you can burn ISO
to a disk using our free Active@ ISO Burner utility (www.ntfs.com/iso-
burning.htm).

Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) User Guide 17

3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

3.2 Interactive, Command Line and Batch Modes

Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) can be used two ways:
 Interactive Mode
 Command Line and Batch Mode

3.2.1 Interactive Mode

The steps for erasing data and wiping data are similar. Follow steps 1
through 10 and then click the link to complete either the erasing process or
the wiping process.
If you are booting from a CD/DVD-ROM drive, check that the drive has boot
priority in the BIOS settings of your computer.

Steps for interactive operation:

Start Active@ KillDisk either from a bootable CD/DVD, a USB device, or the Start menu.
The Local System Devices screen appears.

Figure 3-1 Detected Physical Devices

All system physical devices and logical partitions are displayed in a list.
Hard drive devices are numbered by the system BIOS. A system with a single hard drive
shows as number /dev/sda. Subsequent hard drive devices are numbered
consecutively. For example the second device will be shown as /dev/sdb.
To move a focus between panels (Devices, Properties, Event Log) Use TAB and
ALT+TAB keys. To display a menu, press F1. To refresh disks, press F5.

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 3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

Select a device using arrows and read the detailed information about the device in the
right pane. Below the device, select a logical partition. The information in the right pane
changes.
Be certain that the drive you are selecting is the one that you want to erase or wipe. If
you choose to erase, all data will be permanently erased with no chance for recovery.
To preview the sectors on a physical disk or on a volume (logical disk), select it and
press CTRL+P, or choose Hex Preview from the View menu. The Hex Preview
panel appears.

Figure 3-2 Data Viewer

To scroll up and down, use the keyboard navigation arrow keys PAGE UP, PAGE
DOWN, HOME and END, or use the related buttons on the toolbar.
To jump to a specific sector, move a cursor to a Sector field and type the sector
number, or use arrows.
When you are satisfied with the identification of the device, close the Hex Preview
panel (CTRL+P or CTRL+F).
To preview the files in a logical disk, select the volume and press ENTER. KillDisk scans
the directories for the partition. The Folders and Files screen appears.
To reset Disk Hidden Areas (this feature is available in commercial versions only),
select a physical disk in the Local System Devices list, then click Reset Hidden Areas…
from the Task menu. After reset, PC reboot is needed for any software to access these
areas properly. After reboot, the number of Total Disk Sectors will be increased by
number of HPA/DCO disk hidden sectors and these areas now ready for erasing by
KillDisk.

Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) User Guide 19

3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

Figure 3-3 Files Preview

Press TAB to move between panels.

To select an item in the list, use PAGE DOWN, PAGE UP or the up or down arrow
keys.
To open a folder, select it and press ENTER. KillDisk scans the system records for this
folder. The files in the folder appear in the right panel. Existing files and folders are
displayed in grey color and deleted files and folders are displayed in black. If you are
wiping data from unoccupied areas, the black -colored file names are removed after the
wiping process completes. You may use the Hex Preview mode to inspect the work done
by the wiping process. After wiping, the data in these areas and the places these files
hold in the root records or other system records are gone.

3.2.1.1 Erase Data from a Device

When you select a physical device (for example, /dev/sdb), the erase command
processes partitions no matter what condition they are in. Everything is destroyed.
If you want to erase data on selected logical drives, follow the steps in 3.4 Erase or
Wipe Logical Drives (Partitions).

To erase all data on the disk:

 Be certain that the drive you are pointing to is the one that you want to erase.
All data will be permanently erased with no chance for recovery.
 When you have selected the device to erase, select the checkbox for this disk
using SPACE key. You may select more than one physical disk for the erase
action. In this case these disks will be erased simultaneously. To permanently
erase all data on the selected disk(s), press F10 or select Kill from a Task
menu. The Kill dialog box appears.

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 3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

Figure 3-4 Kill dialog box

 Select an erase method from the list. Erase methods are described in Chapter 5
Erase/Wipe Parameters in this guide.
 Set other parameters for erasing, and write comments, if needed, to be
displayed on a certificate. For information on settings, see Chapter 5 in this
guide.
 If the Skip Disk Erase Confirmation check box is clear, you need to type
ERASE-ALL-DATA in the text box and press ENTER or click Start button.
 The Progress panel appears, displaying the current progress. Progress is also
displayed in Local System Devices panel, at the left side of the device name.
To stop the process at any time, press Ctrl+S for the particular disk. Note that data
that has already been erased will not be recoverable.

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3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

Figure 3-5 Disk Erasing is in Progress

There is nothing more to do until the end of the disk erasing process. The application
will operate on its own. You can still navigate Devices and Volumes, and even launch
erase process for other disks.
If there are any errors, for example due to bad clusters, they will be reported on the
Interactive screen and in the log. If such a message appears, you may cancel the
operation (click Abort), or you may continue erasing data (click Ignore or Ignore All).

NOTE: Because of the BIOS restrictions of some manufacturers, a hard disk

device that is larger than 300 MB must have an MBR (Master Boot
Record) in sector zero. If you erase sector zero and fill it with zeros or
random characters, you might find that you cannot use the hard drive
after erasing the data. It is for this reason KillDisk creates an empty
partition table and writes a typical MBR in sector zero (in case the
Initialize disk(s) after Erase option is selected).

3.2.1.2 Wipe Data from a Device

When you select a physical device such as /dev/sdb, the wipe command processes all
logical drives consecutively, deleting data in unoccupied areas. Unallocated space
(where no partition exists) has been erased as well. If KillDisk detects that a partition
has been damaged or that it is not safe to proceed, KillDisk does not wipe data in that
area. The reason it does not proceed is that a damaged partition might contain
important data.

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 3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

There are some cases where partitions on a device cannot be wiped. Some examples
are an unknown or unsupported file system, a system volume, or an application start up
drive. In these cases the Wipe button is disabled. If you select a device and the Wipe
button is disabled, select individual partitions (drives) and wipe them separately.
If you want to erase data from the hard drive device permanently, see 3.2.1.1 Erase
Data.
If you want to wipe data in unoccupied areas on selected logical drives, follow the steps
in 3.4 Erase or Wipe Logical Drives (Partitions).

To wipe deleted data from a device:

 To choose a device to wipe, select the check box next to the device name. You
may select multiple devices. In this case these disks will be wiped out
simultaneously
 To wipe out all data in unoccupied sectors on the selected partitions, press F9 or
choose the Wipe command from Task menu. The Wipe Free Disk Space
dialog box appears.

Figure 3-6 Wipe Free Disk Space

 To select a wipe type, choose a method from the Wipe Method list. Wipe
methods are described in Chapter 5 Erase/Wipe Parameters in this guide. You
may change parameters in this dialog box. For information on these parameters,
see Chapter 5 Erase/Wipe Parameters in this guide.

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3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

 To advance to the final step before erasing data, click Start. If the Skip
Confirmation check box is clear, the Confirm Action dialog box appears. This
is the final step before wiping data residue from unoccupied space on the
selected drive.
 To confirm the wipe action, press Yes (Enter). The progress of the wiping
procedure will be monitored in the Disk Wiping screen.
 To stop the process for any reason, press the Ctrl+S. Note that all existing
applications and data will not be touched. Data that has been wiped from
unoccupied sectors is not recoverable.
There is nothing more to do until the end of the disk wiping process. The application
operates on its own.
If there are any errors, for example due to bad clusters, they will be reported on the
Interactive screen and in the Log. If such a message appears, you may cancel the
operation or continue wiping data.
After the wiping process is completed select the wiped partition and press ENTER or
double-click it to inspect the work that has been done. KillDisk scans the system records
or the root records of the partition. The Folders and Files tab appears.
Deleted file names and folder names appear in black color, and with a D (deleted)
attribute at the right side of the panel. If the wiping process completed correctly, the
data residue in these deleted file clusters and the place these files hold in the directory
records or system records has been removed. You should not see any black -colored file
names or folder names and having D (deleted) attribute on the wiped partition.

3.2.2 Command Line and Batch Mode

KillDisk can be executed with some settings pre-defined when started from a command
prompt with specific command line parameters.
KillDisk can be also launched in fully automated mode (batch mode) which requires no
user interaction and all messages, including errors will be stored in a log file.
KillDisk execution behavior depends on either command line parameters (highest
priority), settings configured in interactive mode and stored in the KillDisk.ini file
(lower priority), or default values (lowest priority).

3.2.2.1 Command Line Mode

To run Active@ KillDisk in command line mode, open a command prompt screen.
At the command prompt, start Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) by typing:

> KillDisk -?

A list of parameters appears. You can find explanations of them in the table below.

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 3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

Table 3-2 Command Line Parameters

Parameter Short Default Options

no parameter With no parameter, the Interactive

screens will appear.

-erasemethod=[0 - 22] -em= 2 0 - One pass zeros (quick, low security)

1 - One pass random (quick, low
security)
2 - US DoD 5220.22-M (slow, high
security)
3 - US DoD 5220.22-M (ECE) (slow,
high security)
4 - Canadian OPS-II (slow, high
security)
5 - British HMG IS5 Baseline (slow, high
security)
6 - British HMG IS5 Enhanced (slow,
high security)
7 - Russian GOST p50739-95 (slow,
high security)
8 - US Army AR380-19 (slow, high
security)
9 - US Air Force 5020 (slow, high
security)
10 - Navso P-5329-26 (RL) (slow, high
security)
11 - Navso P-5329-26 (MFM) (slow,
high security)
12 - NCSC-TG-025 (slow, high security)
13 - NSA 130-2 (slow, high security)
14 - German VSITR (slow, high
security)
15 - Bruce Schneier (slow, high
security)
16 - Gutmann (very slow, highest
security)
17 - User Defined Method. Number of
Passes and Overwrite Pattern supplied
separately for each pass. Hex values
can be used for pattern.

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Parameter Short Default Options

18 - NIST 800-88 (1 pass zeros, quick)
19 - NIST 800-88 (1 pass random,
quick)
20 - NIST 800-88 (3 pass zeros, slow,
high security)
21 – Canadian CSEC ITSG-06 (3 passes,
verify)
22 - US DoE M205.1-2 (3 passes ,verify)

-passes=[1 - 99] -p= 3 Number of times the write heads will

pass over a disk area to overwrite data
with User Defined Pattern. Valid for
User Defined Method only.

-verification=[0 - 100] -v= 10 Set the amount of area the utility reads
to verify that the actions performed by
the write head comply with the chosen
erase method (reading 10% of the area
by default).
Verification is a long process. Set the
verification to the level that works for
you better.

-retryattempts=[1 - 99] -ra= 2 Set the number of times that the utility
will try to rewrite in the sector when the
drive write head encounters an error.

-erasehdd=[0…] -eh= Number in BIOS of the hard drive to be

erased. First disk (/dev/sda) has a 0
(zero) number.

-eraseallhdds -ea Erase all hard disk drives.

-excluderemovable -xr Exclude all removable disks from

erasing when erase all disks selected

-excludefixed -xf Exclude all fixed disks from erasing

when erase all disks option selected

-excludedisk=[0,1..63] -xd= Exclude disk from erasing when erase

all disks option selected

-ignoreerrors -ie Do not stop erasing each time a disk

error is encountered. When you use this
parameter, all errors are ignored and
just placed to the application log.

-stopaftererrors=[1,2..] -er= Stop erasing process after specific

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Parameter Short Default Options

number of writing errors encountered

-initdisk -id Initialize disk(s) after erase

-fingerprint -fp Initialize disk(s) and write fingerprint to

the disk’s first sector

-clearlog -cl Use this parameter to clear the log file

before recording new activity. When a
drive is erased, a log file is kept. By
default, new data is appended to this
log for each erasing process. By default
the log file is stored in the same folder
where the software is located.

-exportlog -el Export a log file as XML report

-logpath=[“fullpath”] -lp= Path to save application log file. Can be

either directory name or full file name.
Use quotes if full path contains spaces.

-certpath=[“fullpath”] -cp= Path to save erase/wipe certificate. Can

be either directory name or full file
name. Use quotes if full path contains
spaces.

-inipath=[“fullpath”] -ip= Path to the configuration file

KillDisk.ini for loading the advanced
settings. See table below.

-noconfirmation -nc Skip confirmation steps before erasing

starts. By default, confirmation steps
will appear in command line mode for
each hard drive as follows:
Are you sure?

-beep -bp Beep after erasing is complete.

-wipeallhdds -wa Wipe all hard drives.

-wipehdd = [0…] -wh= Number in BIOS of the hard drive to be

wiped out. First disk (/dev/sda) has a 0
(zero) number.

-test=[“fullpath”] If you are having difficulty with Active@

KillDisk, use this parameter to create a
hardware information file to be sent to
our technical support specialists.

-batchmode -bm Execute in batch mode based on

command line parameters and INI file

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3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

Parameter Short Default Options

settings (no user interaction).

-userpattern -u File to get user-defined pattern from.

=[“fullpath”] Applied to User Defined erase method.

-shutdown -sd Save log file and shutdown PC after

completion.

-nostop -ns Prevent erase/wipe stop action,

blocking user interaction

-help or -? Display this list of parameters.

Note: Parameters -test and -help must be used alone. They cannot be used with
other parameters.
Note: Commands –erasehdd, -eraseallhdds, -wipehdd and -wipeallhdds cannot be
combined.
Type the command and parameters into the command prompt console
screen at the prompt. Here is an example:
> sudo KillDisk -eh=0 -bm

In the example above, data on a first device (/dev/sda) will be erased

using the default method (US DoD 5220.22-M) without confirmation and
returning to the command prompt screen when complete.
Here is another example:
> sudo KillDisk -eh=0 -nc -em=2

In this example, all data on the device /dev/sda will be erased using US DoD
5220.22-M method without confirmation and showing a report at the end of
the process.

After you have typed KillDisk and added command line parameters, press
ENTER to complete the command and start the process.
Note, that KillDisk must be run with SuperUser rights, so sudo command
prefix being used (or su prefix can be used for different linux versions)

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Information on how drives have been erased is displayed on the screen

when the operation has completed successfully. KillDisk execution behavior
depends on either command line parameters (highest priority), settings
configured in interactive mode and stored in the KillDisk.ini file (lower
priority), or default values (lowest priority).
Note: If you use bootable disk creator (GUI application, supplied with some
packages) to prepare bootable media launching KillDisk with some pre-
defined command parameters, KillDisk will accept and use these
parameters at startup. When you quit the application (Ctrl+Q) and
return to the command prompt, you can launch it again by typing:
> sudo KillDisk

In this case KillDisk will be launched without any command line

parameters.
However if you want to launch it again with all startup parameters, type:
> sudo KillDisk @

3.2.2.2 Batch Mode

This feature is intended for advanced users.

Batch mode allows KillDisk to be executed in fully automated mode without

any user interaction. All events and errors (if any) will be placed in the log
file. This allows system administrators and technicians to automate
erase/wipe tasks by creating scripts (*.SH) for different scenarios that can
be executed later on in different environments.
To start KillDisk in batch mode, add the –bm (or -batchmode) command
line parameter to the other parameters and execute KillDisk either from the
command prompt or by running a script.
Here is an example of batch mode execution with the wipe command:
> sudo KillDisk -wa -bm -em=16

This will, using Gutman's method and returning to the command prompt
when complete, wipe all deleted data and unused clusters on all attached
physical disks without any confirmations
If –ns (-nostop) command line parameter is specified, no user interaction
is possible after erase/wipe action started, so user cannot cancel the
command being executed (user interaction has been blocked).

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After execution, application returns exit codes to the operating system

environment: 0 (zero) if all disks being erased successfully, 1 (one) if errors
occurred or nothing erased/wiped, and 2 (two) if minor warnings occurred.

3.3 Application settings (KillDisk.ini file)

When you start KillDisk, change its settings (erase method, certificate
options, etc…) and close the application, all current settings are saved to the
KillDisk.ini file. These settings will be used as default values the next time
KillDisk is run.
KillDisk.ini is a standard text file possessing sections, parameter names
and values. All KillDisk settings are stored in the [General] section.
For parameter storage the syntax being used is:

Parameter=value

Here is an example of an INI file:

[General]
logging=0
showCert=true
saveCert=false
initDevice=true
clearLog=false
ignoreErrors=false
skipConfirmation=true
retryAtt=2
certPath=/home/tc/
logPath=/home/tc/
logName=killdisk.log

When KillDisk is running in interactive mode, all these parameters can be

configured from a settings dialog accessed by pressing F2 or clicking the
Settings menu item from the View menu. They also can be changed
manually by editing the KillDisk.ini file in any text editor such as vi.
Here is an explanation of all settings:

Table 3-3 KillDisk settings in INI file

Parameter Default Options

showCert= true true/false – option of displaying the

Erase/Wipe Certificate for printing after
completion

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Parameter Default Options

saveCert= false true/false – option of saving the

Erase/Wipe Certificate after completion

certPath= Full path to the location where

Erase/Wipe Certificate will be saved.
This is a directory name

logPath= Full path to the location where log file

will be saved. This is a directory name

logName= Name of the log file where event log

will be saved to

skipConfirmation= false true/false – whether to display or skip

Erase/Wipe confirmation dialog, or not

ignoreErrors= false true/false – whether to display disk

writing errors (bad sectors), or ignore
them (just place them to the log file)

clearLog= false true/false – whether to truncate log file

content before writing new sessions, or
not (append to existing content)

initDevice= true true/false – whether to initialize disks

after erasing complete, or not

fingerPrint= false true/false – whether to initialize disk(s)

and write fingerprint to the disk’s first
sector, or not

hideDefaultLogo false true/false – whether to hide default

KillDisk logo at the top-left corner of the
certificate, or not

shutDown= false true/false – whether to shutdown PC

after Erase/Wipe execution complete, or
not

showLogo= false true/false – whether to display custom

Logo (image) on a Certificate, or not

logoFile= Full path to the file location where Logo

image is stored

clientName= Client Name - custom text to be

displayed on a Certificate

technicianName= Technician Name - custom text to be

displayed on a Certificate

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Parameter Default Options

companyName= Company Name - custom text to be

displayed on a Certificate

companyAddress= Company Address - custom text to be

displayed on a Certificate

companyPhone= Company Phone - custom text to be

displayed on a Certificate

logComments= Any Comments - custom text to be

displayed on a Certificate

killMethod= 2 [0-20] – Erase method to use for

disk/volume erasing. See table of Erase
Methods available. DoD 5220.22-M by
default

killVerification= true true/false – whether to use data

verification after erase, or not

killVerificationPercent= 10 [1-100] – verification percent, in case if

data verification is used

killUserPattern= ASCII text to be used for User Defined

erase method as a custom pattern

killUserPasses= [1-99] – number of overwrites to be

used for User Defined erase method

wipeMethod= 2 [0-20] – Wipe method to use for

volume wiping. See table of Erase
Methods available. DoD 5220.22-M by
default

wipeVerification= true true/false – whether to use data

verification after wipe, or not

wipeVerificationPercent= 10 [1-100] – verification percent, in case if

data verification is used

wipeUserPattern= ASCII text to be used for User Defined

wipe method as a custom pattern

wipeUserPasses= [1-99] – number of overwrites to be

used for User Defined wipe method

wipeUnusedCluster= True true/false – whether to wipe out all

unused clusters on a volume, or not

wipeUnusedBlocks= False true/false – whether to wipe out all

unused blocks in system records, or not

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Parameter Default Options

wipeFileSlackSpace= False true/false – whether to wipe out all file

slack space (in last file cluster), or not

You can find a more detailed explanation of each parameter in Chapter 5 -

Erase/Wipe parameters.
When you start KillDisk with or without command line parameters, its
execution behavior depends on either command line settings (highest
priority), settings configured in interactive mode and stored in the
KillDisk.ini file (lower priority), or default values (lowest priority).
Default value means that if the KillDisk.ini file is absent, or exists but
contains no required parameter, the pre-defined (default) value will be used.

3.4 Erase or Wipe Logical Drives (Partitions)

In all previous examples in this chapter, the process has erased or wiped
data from a physical drive. Using a similar method, you can erase or wipe
logical disks and partitions. This includes damaged “Unallocated” areas
where partitions used to exist and areas not visible to the current operating
system.
The Wipe button is disabled when partitions cannot be wiped because of
issues such as an unknown or unsupported file system. KillDisk must lock the
partition before performing a Wipe or Erase action. A partition cannot be
locked if it is in use by another user or application. In this case a dialog box
appears with information that the disk is being used and you need to either
skip it, or “force volume dismount”. If you skip it, the wipe or erase
operation is canceled for this drive. If you select “force dismount”, some
data in the drive’s cache may be lost. This could affect other applications
working with the same volume. If, for example, you made changes to a text
document located on /dev/sdb1 and haven't saved the file, a subsequent
"forced dismount" for /dev/sdb1 would likely result in the loss of the
changes. The file's original version should be unaffected.

3.4.1 Erase Data from a Logical Drive

To erase data from a logical drive:

 Start Active@ KillDisk from a bootable device or from Start menu.
 The Local System Devices screen appears.

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3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

All system hard drives and removable drives are displayed in the left
pane. System information is displayed in the right pane.

Figure 3-7 Local System Devices and Volumes

 Select logical disks/volumes or Unallocated areas using SPACE key

 Press F10 or click Kill from the Task menu. The Kill dialog box appears.
 Set the erase method and other parameters for erasing. For information on these
parameters, see Chapter 5 Erase/Wipe Parameters in this guide.
 Complete the process as you would for other devices.

3.4.2 Wipe Data from a Logical Drive

To wipe data from a logical drive:

 Start Active@ KillDisk from a bootable device or from the Programs menu.
 The Local System Devices screen appears.
All system hard drives and removable drives will be displayed in the left
pane along with their system information in the right pane.
 Select logical disks/volumes or Unallocated areas using SPACE key
 Press F9 or click Wipe from the Task menu to wipe data from unoccupied
areas. The Wipe Free Disk Space dialog box appears.
 Select a wipe method and set other parameters for wiping. For information on
these parameters, see Chapter 5 Erase/Wipe Parameters in this guide.

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 3 Running Active@ KillDisk for Linux

 Complete the process as you would for other devices.

3.5 Completed Erase or Wipe Operation Information

After an operation is completed successfully, information on how drives have been

erased or wiped is displayed in the Event Log at bottom of the screen. The text can be
saved in a log file and as a certificate that can be printed or saved as a HTML file for
future printing.

An example of an erase session saved in a Log file is displayed below.

2013-10-10 11:12:40 Initialized Active@ KillDisk for Linux v. 8.0.0, Kernel 3.10.10
---------------------------------------Erase Session Begin------------------------------
2013-10-10 11:13:59 Active@ KillDisk for Linux v. 8.0.0 started
Erase method: US DoD 5220.22-M (3 passes, verify) Passes: 3 [Verification 10%]
Erase WDC WD1600YD-01NVB1 Fixed Disk (81h) (Serial Number: WD-WMANM1702217) - 153 GB
Started: 2012-10-10 11:13:59
Pass 1 - OK (0x0000000000000000)
Pass 2 - OK (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
Pass 3 - OK (Random)
Verification passed OK
Finished 2013-10-10 13:54:19
2013-10-10 13:54:28 Time taken: 02:40:21
2013-10-10 13:54:28 Erasing completed for 1 device
---------------------------------------Erase Session End-------------------------------
2013-10-10 13:54:28 Rescanned hardware

A summary of errors is presented in this report if the process encountered errors from,
for example, bad clusters.
Details of this report are saved by default to a log file located in the folder from which
you started Active@ KillDisk. Log file location can be changed in Settings.
If XML export option is turned on, log file can be exported, and look like:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
- <killdisk_log>
- <event>
<type>Info</type>
<time>2014-01-02 13:57:22</time>
<text>Initialized Active@ KillDisk for Linux v. 8.0.0, Kernel 3.12.24</text>
</event>
<type>Info</type>
<time>2014-01-02 14:08:52</time>
<text>DOCS (K:) successfully locked</text>
</event>
- <session>
<action>Wipe</action>
<started>2014-01-02 14:08:52</started>
- <event>
<type>Info</type>
<time>2014-01-02 14:08:52</time>
<text>Wipe method: US DoD 5220.22-M (3 passes, verify) Passes: 3 [Verification 10%]</text>
</event>
…
- <event>
<type>Info</type>

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<time>2014-01-02 14:08:53</time>
<text>Finished 2014-01-02 14:08:53</text>
</event>
- <event>
</killdisk_log>

Example of an Erase Certificate that can be printed or saved as a HTML:

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 4 Common Questions

4 Common Questions
4.1 How does the licensing work?
The software is licensed on a per CD/DVD or USB media storage device
basis. Each license allows you to use the program from a separate CD/DVD
or USB device. For example, if you want to use the program to wipe five
computers concurrently, you would need five CDs or DVDs or USB devices
(or combination of the three not exceeding five), and therefore need a five-
user license.

4.2 How is the data erased?

Active@ KillDisk communicates with the system hardware device directly.
The Free version erases data by overwriting all addressable locations on the
drive with zeros. Active@ KillDisk Professional version suggests several
methods for data destruction. For example, in US DoD 5220.22-M method it
overwrites all addressable storage and indexing locations on the drive three
times with zeros (0x00), complement (0xFF), and random characters. It then
verifies all writing procedures. This complies with the US DoD 5220.22-M
security standard.

4.3 What is the difference between the Site and Enterprise license?
Site License means an unlimited usage of the program in one physical
location; Enterprise License - in any company’s locations.

4.4 Which operating systems are supported by Active@ KillDisk?

Active@ KillDisk for Linux can be launched and work under any Linux family
operating system (Debian, Ubuntu, RedHat, Oracle, OpenSUSE, TinyCore, …)
in console (non-graphical) mode. Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) can be
also launched from a pre-installed on media storage device operating system
(LiveCD). As it can be installed easily onto a bootable CD/DVD or USB card,
it does not matter which operating system is installed on the machine’s hard
drive. If you can boot from the boot CD/DVD/USB, you can detect and erase
any drives independent of the installed operating system. This way you can
easily erase Windows (NTFS, FAT/exFAT), UNIX (UFS), Linux
(Ext2/Ext3/Ext4) and MacOS X (HFS+) partitions and disks.

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4 Common Questions

4.5 Is Active@ KillDisk for Linux compatible with Macintosh computers?

You cannot run Active@ KillDisk in the old Mac OS environment (based on
PowerPC architecture). However, the most recent Apple computers (iMac
running MacOS X) are based on the Intel architecture. In this case, it is
possible to boot from a Bootable Disk using a CD, DVD or USB device. To do
so, hold the Option key down when starting the computer.

4.6 Will I be able to use my Hard Disk Drive after Active@ KillDisk erase
operation?
Yes. To be able to use the HDD again you need to:
 Repartition the hard drive using a standard utility like FDISK.
 Reformat partitions using a standard utility like FORMAT.
 Reinstall the Operating System using a bootable CD/DVD-ROM.

4.7 I cannot boot from the CD/DVD. What should I do next?

Your computer may have boot priority for Hard Disk Drives, or another device set higher
than boot priority for CD/DVD device.
Parameters that are set in low-level setup are written to the machine's BIOS.
To change the boot priority:
 Open the low-level setup utility, usually by pressing F1, F2, F10 or ESC on the
keyboard during startup.
 Use the arrow keys to locate the section about Boot device priority. This
section will allow you to set the search order for types of boot devices. When the
screen opens, a list of boot devices appears. Typical devices on this list will be
hard drives, CD or DVD devices, floppy drives and network boot option.
 If the CD or DVD device has been disabled, enable it (provided you have a
device installed). The priority should indicate that the CD/DVD device is the
number one device the BIOS consults when searching for boot instructions. If
the CD/DVD device is at the top of the list that is usually the indicator.
 Save and exit the setup utility.

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5 Erase/Wipe Parameters and Application
Settings
Whether you choose to erase data from the drive or to wipe data from
unoccupied drive space, the methods of overwriting these spaces are the
same.

5.1 Erase/Wipe Methods

One Pass Zeros or One Pass Random
When using One Pass Zeros or One Pass Random, the number of passes is
fixed and cannot be changed.
When the write head passes through a sector, it writes only zeros or a series
of random characters.

User Defined
You indicate the number of times the write head passes over each sector.
Each overwriting pass is performed with a buffer containing the pattern you
specified (ASCII string or Hex values).

US DoD 5220.22-M
The write head passes over each sector three times. The first time is with
zeros (0x00), the second time with 0xFF, and the third time with random
characters. There is one final pass to verify random characters by reading.

US DoD 5220.22-M (ECE)

The write head passes over each sector seven times (0x00, 0xFF, Random,
0x96, 0x00, 0xFF, Random). There is one final pass to verify random
characters by reading.

US DoE M205.1-2
The write head passes over each sector seven times (Random, Random,
0x00). There is one final pass to verify zeros by reading.

Canadian OPS-II
The write head passes over each sector seven times (0x00, 0xFF, 0x00,
0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, Random). There is one final pass to verify random
characters by reading.

Canadian CSEC ITSG-06

The write head passes over each sector three times (0xFF, 0x00, Random).
There is one final pass to verify random characters by reading.
5 Erase/Wipe Parameters and Application Settings

German VSITR
The write head passes over each sector seven times (0x00, 0xFF, 0x00,
0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xAA). There is one final pass to verify random characters
by reading.

Russian GOST p50739-95

The write head passes over each sector two times (0x00, Random). There is
one final pass to verify random characters by reading.

US Army AR380-19
The write head passes over each sector three times. The first time with
0xFF, the second time with zeros (0x00), and the third time with random
characters. There is one final pass to verify random characters by reading.

US Air Force 5020

The write head passes over each sector three times. The first time with
random characters, the second time with zeros (0x00), and the third time
with 0xFF. There is one final pass to verify random characters by reading.

HMG IS5 (Baseline and Enhanced)

Baseline method overwrites disk’s surface with just zeros (0x00).
Enhanced method - the write head passes over each sector three times. The
first time with zeros (0x00), the second time with 0xFF, and the third time
with random characters.
There is one final pass to verify random characters by reading.

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 5 Erase/Wipe Parameters and Application Settings

Navso P-5329-26 (RL and MFM)

RL method - the write head passes over each sector three times (0x01,
0x27FFFFFF, Random).

MFM method - the write head passes over each sector three times (0x01,
0x7FFFFFFF, Random).

There is one final pass to verify random characters by reading.

NIST 800-88

Supported three NIST 800-88 media sanitization standards:

- The write head passes over each sector one time (0x00)

- The write head passes over each sector one time (Random)

- The write head passes over each sector three times (0x00, 0xFF,
Random)

For details about this, the most secure data clearing standard, you can read
the original article at the link below:

http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-88/NISTSP800-88_with-errata.pdf

NCSC-TG-025

The write head passes over each sector three times (0x00, 0xFF, Random).
There is one final pass to verify random characters by reading.

NSA 130-2

The write head passes over each sector two times (Random, Random).
There is one final pass to verify random characters by reading.

Bruce Schneier

The write head passes over each sector seven times (0xFF, 0x00, Random,
Random, Random, Random, Random). There is one final pass to verify
random characters by reading.

Gutmann
The write head passes over each sector 35 times. For details about this, the
most secure data clearing standard, you can read the original article at the
link below:
http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/pubs/secure_del.htm l

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5 Erase/Wipe Parameters and Application Settings

5.2 Erase/Wipe Options

In addition to the erase method, you can specify more options for erasing/wiping.

Verification
After erasing is complete you can direct the software to perform verification
of the surface on the drive to be sure that the last overwriting pass was
performed properly and data residing on the drive matches the data written
by the erasing process.
Because verification is a long process, you may specify a percentage of the
surface to be verified. You may also turn the verification off completely.

Wipe out Deleted/Unused data

This parameter appears only when you are wiping data from unused space
on the hard drive. The wiping process clears data residue from unoccupied
space on the hard drive and does not affect installed applications or existing
data. This process contains three options:
 Wipe unused clusters
 Wipe unused space in MFT/Root area
 Wipe slack space in file clusters
You may choose to run only one or two of these options in order to make
the process complete more quickly. If you want a thorough wiping of unused
space, then include all of the options.

Initialize Disk
Because of the BIOS restrictions of some manufacturers, a hard disk
device that is larger than 300 MB must have an MBR (Master Boot Record) in
sector zero. If you erase sector zero and fill it with zeros or random
characters, you might find that you cannot use the hard drive after erasing
the data. It is for this reason KillDisk creates an empty partition table and
writes a typical MBR in sector zero. This is called disk initialization.

Write Fingerprint
If fingerprint has been written to the first disk’s sector, next time you boot
from this disk, you can see disk erase status, like this:

In case if errors occurred, or erasing stopped, status will be FAILED and

displayed in red color.

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 5 Erase/Wipe Parameters and Application Settings

Comments
If some comments added before erasing, these will be printed at the bottom
of the certificate

5.3 General Settings

General parameters allow you to turn features on or off or change default settings when
you are erasing or wiping data from unoccupied space. You can also change the look
and feel of the application and its logging options. To view and change settings, press
the F2 key, or click the Settings from the View menu.

Read/Write Retry Attempts

If an error such as physical damage on the drive surface is encountered
while writing data to the drive, Active@ KillDisk tries to perform the write
operation again. You can specify the number of retries to be performed.
Sometimes, if the drive surface is not completely destroyed, a damaged
sector can be overwritten after several retries.

Ignore Disk Write Errors (bad sectors)

If this option is turned on, error messages will not be displayed while data
erasing or verification is in progress. All information about errors is written to
the KillDisk.log file. These messages are displayed in the final Erasing
report after the process is complete.

Clear Log File before Start

If this option is turned on, the killdisk.log log file will be truncated before
erasing starts. After erasing is completed, the log file will contain information
only about the last session.
If this option is turned off, the killdisk.log log file will not be truncated and
information about the last erasing session is appended to the end of the file.

Skip Disk Erase Confirmation

The confirmation screen is the final step before erasing data. In this screen,
you type ERASE-ALL-DATA to confirm what is about to happen. If Skip
Confirmation is turned on, this final safety request does not appear. This
option is typically used with caution by advanced users in order to speed up
the process. It is safer to run KillDisk with the default state of Skip Disk
Erase Confirmation selected. You may want to use this as a safety buffer to
ensure that data from the correct drive location is going to be erased
completely with no possibility of future data recovery.

Save Log & Shutdown PC after completion

Erasing can take many hours. You can leave work with KillDisk running and
set to turn the computer off when erasing is completed. A log file is saved
and can be reviewed later on.

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5 Erase/Wipe Parameters and Application Settings

Event Logging
By default KillDisk does a Minimal logging. Information is placed in the Event
Log view and saved to the killdisk.log log file. If more detailed information
is required or execution errors occur, you can specify the Detailed logging
option. The problem can then be more effectively analyzed.

Include Logo/Technician info into Certificate

After erasing/wiping, KillDisk can produce a certificate HTML file that can be
printed later on. This certificate can include custom attributes, such as
company logo (graphics) and company info (text). You can configure these
parameters in the Logo/Technician Info tab. Turn on this option to include all
supplied parameters in the Certificate.
This option is available only in the Professional version.

Hide certificate default logo

After erasing/wiping, KillDisk can produce a certificate HTML file that can be
printed later on. This option directs whether to hide default KillDisk logo at
the top-left corner of the certificate, or not.

This option is available only in the Professional version.Export log file as

XML report
After erasing/wiping is complete and application exited, KillDisk can store the
output report (contents of the log file) to XML file at the location of
executable. Turn on this option to export report to XML.
This option is available in only in the Professional version.

Local Devices Support

Device initialization takes some time when application starts. For slow-
performing devices (floppies, CD/DVD media, USB disks, etc..) this time
could be significant. You can save some time by turning off non-important
for you device types.

5.4 Certificate and Log File Settings

These settings allow configuration of the storage and display parameters for the
certificate and log file.

Certificate options
These parameters allow display of the erase\wipe certificate and setting of
its storage location as a HTML file for future printing.

Log file options

These parameters allow naming the log file and setting its storage location.

44 Active@ KillDisk User Guide

 5 Erase/Wipe Parameters and Application Settings

5.5 Logo and Technician Info Settings

These settings allow embedding custom information into the standard HTML certificate
for printing.
These options can be configured in the Free version, but are useable only in the
Professional version.

Logo
You can select a company logo from a graphics file (*.BMP, *.JPG, *.PNG).
The image size must be 450 by 200 pixels to be printed properly. The
company logo will be placed at the top of the certificate and will be
embedded into a HTML file that you can print later on.

Technician Information
You can specify all or some of the fields being displayed on a certificate and
embedded into a HTML file:
 Client Name
 Technician Name
 Company Name
 Company Address
 Company Phone
 Comments

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6 Glossary of Terms
BIOS settings
Basic Input Output Subsystem. This programmable chip controls how
information is passed to various devices in the computer system. A typical
method to access the BIOS settings screen is to press F1, F2, F8, F10 or ESC
during the boot sequence.

boot priority
BIOS settings allow you to run a boot sequence from a floppy drive, a hard
drive, a CD/DVD-ROM drive or a USB device. You may configure the order
that your computer searches these physical devices for the boot sequence.
The first device in the order list has the first boot priority. For example, to
boot from a CD/DVD-ROM drive instead of a hard drive, place the CD/DVD-
ROM drive ahead of the hard drive in priority.

compressed cluster
When you set a file or folder property to compress data, the file or folder
uses less disk space. While the size of the file is smaller, it must use a whole
cluster in order to exist on the hard drive. As a result, compressed clusters
contain "file slack space". This space may contain residual confidential data
from the file that previously occupied this space. KillDisk can wipe out the
residual data without touching the existing data.

cluster
A logical group of disk sectors, managed by the operating system, for storing
files. Each cluster is assigned a unique number when it is used. The
operating system keeps track of clusters in the hard disk's root records or
MFT records.

free cluster
A cluster that is not occupied by a file. This space may contain residual
confidential data from the file that previously occupied this space. KillDisk
can wipe out the residual data.

file slack space

The smallest file (and even an empty folder) takes up an entire cluster. A 10-
byte file will take up 2,048 bytes if that is the cluster size. File slack space is
the unused portion of a cluster. This space may contain residual
confidential data from the file that previously occupied this space. KillDisk
can wipe out the residual data without touching the existing data.

deleted boot records

All disks start with a boot sector. In a damaged disk, if the location of the
boot records is known, the partition table can be reconstructed. The boot
record contains a file system identifier.
 6 Glossary of Terms

ISO
An International Organization for Standardization ISO-9660 file system is a
standard CD-ROM file system that allows you to read the same CD-ROM
whether you're on a PC, Mac, or other major computer platform. Disk images
of ISO-9660 file systems (ISO images) are a common way to electronically
transfer the contents of CD-ROMs. They often have the filename extension
.ISO (though not necessarily), and are commonly referred to as "ISOs".

lost cluster
A cluster that has an assigned number in the file allocation table, even
though it is not assigned to any file. You can free up disk space by
reassigning lost clusters. In DOS and Windows, you can find lost clusters
with the ScanDisk utility.

MFT records
Master File Table. A file that contains the records of every other file and
directory in an NTFS-formatted hard disk drive. The operating system needs
this information to access the files.

root records
File Allocation Table. A file that contains the records of every other file and
directory in a FAT-formatted hard disk drive. The operating system needs
this information to access the files. There are FAT32, FAT16 and FAT
versions.

sector
The smallest unit that can be accessed on a disk. Tracks are concentric
circles around the disk and the sectors are segments within each circle.

unallocated space
Space on a hard disk where no partition exists. A partition may have been
deleted or damaged or a partition may not have been created.

unused space in MFT records

The performance of the computer system depends a lot on the performance
of the MFT. When you delete files, the MFT entry for that file is not deleted,
it is marked as deleted. This is called unused space in the MFT. If unused
space is not removed from the MFT, the size of the table could grow to a
point where it becomes fragmented, affecting the performance of the MFT
and possibly the performance of the computer. This space may also contain
residual confidential data (file names, file attributes, resident file data) from
the files that previously occupied these spaces. KillDisk can wipe out the
residual data without touching the existing data.

Active@ KillDisk for Linux (Console) User Guide 47