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    Caregiver Education

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    This document outlines developmental milestones related to feeding and swallowing from birth to age 15 months. It provides information on appropriate foods, consistencies, and skills at different ages. Recommendations are given for introducing different textures of foods and using appropriate utensils as oral motor skills advance. Tips are provided on establishing regular mealtimes, involving children in food preparation, and addressing feeding challenges. The document also reviews chewing development milestones and identifies potential atypical impairments. Community resources for additional information are listed.

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    Caregiver Education

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    50 views6 pages
    This document outlines developmental milestones related to feeding and swallowing from birth to age 15 months. It provides information on appropriate foods, consistencies, and skills at different ages. Recommendations are given for introducing different textures of foods and using appropriate utensils as oral motor skills advance. Tips are provided on establishing regular mealtimes, involving children in food preparation, and addressing feeding challenges. The document also reviews chewing development milestones and identifies potential atypical impairments. Community resources for additional information are listed.

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    This document outlines developmental milestones related to feeding and swallowing from birth to age 15 months. It provides information on appropriate foods, consistencies, and skills at different ages. Recommendations are given for introducing different textures of foods and using appropriate utensils as oral motor skills advance. Tips are provided on establishing regular mealtimes, involving children in food preparation, and addressing feeding challenges. The document also reviews chewing development milestones and identifies potential atypical impairments. Community resources for additional information are listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views6 pages

    Caregiver Education

    Uploaded by

    api-494142720
    This document outlines developmental milestones related to feeding and swallowing from birth to age 15 months. It provides information on appropriate foods, consistencies, and skills at different ages. Recommendations are given for introducing different textures of foods and using appropriate utensils as oral motor skills advance. Tips are provided on establishing regular mealtimes, involving children in food preparation, and addressing feeding challenges. The document also reviews chewing development milestones and identifies potential atypical impairments. Community resources for additional information are listed.

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    General Developmental Milestones Related to Feeding and Swallowing

    0-3 Months
    ● Latches on to nipple or bottle
    ● Tongue moves forward and back to suck
    ● Drinks 2 oz. to 6 oz. of liquid per feeding, 6 times per day
    ● Sucks and swallows well during feeding

    4-6 Months
    ● Shows interest in food
    ● Opens mouth as spoon approaches
    ● Moves pureed food from front of mouth to back
    ● Begins to eat cereals and pureed food. Smooth, pureed food (single ingredient only), like
    carrots, sweet potato, squash, apples, pears

    7-9 Months
    ● In a highchair, holds and drinks from a bottle
    ● Begins to eat thicker pureed and mashed table foods
    ● Enjoys chew toys that can massage sore and swollen gums during teething
    ● Stays full longer after eating
    ● Starts to look and reach for objects, such as, food that is nearby
    ● Shows strong reaction to new smells and tastes

    10-12 Months
    ● Finger feeds self
    ● Eating an increasing variety of food
    ● Begins to use an open cup
    ● Ready to try soft-cooked vegetables, soft fruits, and finger foods (teething biscuits,
    cooked pasta)
    ● Might be ready to start self feeding with utensils
    ● Enjoys a greater variety of smells and tastes

    13-15 Months
    ● Increases variety of coarsely chopped table foods
    ● Holds and drinks from a cup

    Chewing Developmental Milestones

    0-4 Months
    ● Jaw provides compression to breast and/or bottle nipple.

    4-6 Months
    ● automatic suck becomes more voluntary, vertical munching = cycles of alternating
    mandibular elevation and depression.

    7-12 Months
    ● may initiate rotary chewing, phasic bite has largely been integrated, jaw can be held
    closed during chewing, can hold items between gums and teeth, lateral lingual
    movements, sustained controlled bite.

    15-18 Months
    ● coordinated vertical and diagonal movement of the jaw, bite hard substances with a
    controlled bite, overflow movements may still be appreciated, child will likely open mouth
    more wide than needed for the size of the bolus.

    24 Months
    ● body remains still during controlled bites, open jaw to appropriately size for food, and
    turn head to the side for a stronger bite when needed.

    3 Years
    ● child can chew laterally with head in midline and the child refines a circular rotary
    chewing pattern.

    Atypical Feeding and Swallowing Impairments


    ● Jaw clenching: increased tone within the jaw
    ● Tonic biting: abnormal pattern for dealing with a bolus
    ● Jaw sliding: abnormal movement laterally
    ● Jaw jutting: abnormal positioning of the jaw anteriorly
    ● Jaw thrusting: abnormal opening of the mouth
    Tips for Transitioning:
    Baby Food
    ● Provide variety of textures, flavors and colors.
    ● Provide the foods on a variety of containers (i.e. shape, size, color)
    ● When transitioning to spoon feeding provide the child with appropriate-size bite

    Finger Food
    ● When beginning to transition to finger foods start with smooth purees and gradually
    increase the thickness
    ● Reduce distractions
    ● Place child in supported position (i.e. high chair)
    ● Introduce Co-Feeding
    ● Limit grazing
    ● Provide meals at regular intervals
    ● Cut foods into small bite-sized pieces

    Table Food
    ● Provide different foods with colors, shapes, sizes, sounds, textures and flavors
    ● Provide meals and snacks several times a day with different foods being offered
    across the day
    ● Introduce the use of a cup
    ● Food Chaining: explore different foods by transitioning in increments (i.e.
    Mcdonald’s french fries to all types of fries to tater tots to potato wedges to baked
    potato or mashed potatoes).

    Tips for Chewing

    ● Hold food between teeth and


    break off outside piece
    ● Thicken and add lumpy soft foods
    ● Increase awareness of teeth
    through rhythmic biting
    ● Pacing: moderating the rate of
    food by introducing food at
    different rates; therefore,
    controlling the time between bites
    or swallow
    ● Use postural support (i.e. high
    chair)
    ● Introduce a variety of foods with
    different shapes, colors, textures,
    smells, flavors etc.
    Strategies to use at home: Helpful Tips to Use at Home

    ● Get your child involved in meal


    planning. Read recipe books
    together. Put your child in charge of
    writing down a grocery list and go
    shopping together. During trips to
    the grocery store you can introduce
    new foods and also teach your child
    how to make healthy and nutritious
    choices. Ask your child to help with
    measuring out ingredients.
    ● Try to serve snacks and meals
    ● Meal Time Tips​: Keep baby on a around the same time each day.
    regular feeding schedule as much as ● Schedule at least one meal together
    possible. During feeding, make sure as a family. Research suggests that
    the environment is calm and phones having dinner together as a family
    and other screens are off or put on a regular basis has positive
    away. Baby’s meal times can be effects on the development of
    great bonding experience so give
    children.
    them your full attention. Make eye
    ● Give your children a 5-minute
    contact with baby, talk to baby, or try
    singing gently. warning before mealtime. A 5-minute
    warning will give your children a
    Encouraging a Healthy Diet moment to calm down, wash their
    hands, and get ready to eat.
    ● Continue offering a variety of foods, ● Set up mealtime rules. Children who
    even ones the child has rejected in are anxious, excited, or tired may
    the past. have trouble settling down to eat.
    ● Keep healthy food in the house and
    Sometimes a simple “food rules”
    limit the availability of high-calorie,
    chart on the refrigerator helps to
    low-nutrient foods
    ● Involve kids in meal preparation -- keep things in order. Examples of
    for example, let them tear lettuce for food rules include (1) come to the
    a salad or help set the table table with clean hands, (2) help
    ● Create a structure for daily meals when asked, and (3) do not make
    and snacks so kids don’t graze all bad comments about food served or
    day long what others are eating.
    ● Set a good example by eating a
    nutritious diet yourself
    Recommendations at each milestone for Foods and Consistencies​:
    For all milestones it is important to vary consistencies to allow for acceptance of a wide variety
    of foods later in life.

    0-5 months
    Typical Foods​:
    ● Breast milk
    ● Formula

    5-7 months​ ​(Baby Food):


    Typical Foods and Consistencies:
    ● Plain fruits pureed
    ● Plain vegetables pureed
    ● Meats and protein foods pureed
    ● Rice cereal to occasionally thicken

    7-9 months (Finger Food)


    Typical Foods:
    ● Plain yogurt
    ● Bite-size,soft fruits and vegetables: bananas, avocados, cooked carrots
    ● Tender, bite-size meats and protein foods
    ● Snacks: soft crackers and cookies

    10-24 months (Table Foods):


    Typical Foods:
    ● Start with soft table foods
    ● Bite-size

    Community Resources:
    ● Feeding Matters ​https://www.feedingmatters.org/
    ● Feeding Flock ​http://feedingflock.web.unc.edu/
    ● My Munch Bug​ ​http://www.mymunchbug.com/
    ● Ages and Stages ​http://www.agesandstages.net/
    GI Resources
    ● GI Kids ​http://www.gikids.org/
    Cleft Palate Resources:
    ● Cleft Palate Foundation ​http://www.cleftline.org/
    References

    American Academy of Pediatrics. (n.d.). Tips for Preventing Food Hassles. Retrieved from

    https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/nutrition/Pages/Tips-for-Preventing

    -Food-Hassles.aspx

    Eckman, N., Paul, C., Riegal, K., & Williams, K.E.. (2015). Teaching Chewing: A Structured

    Approach. Retrieved from https://ajot.aota.org/article/article.aspx?articleid+1867108

    Eicher, P. S., Fox, C., Kerwin, M.E., & Manno, C.J. (2005) Early Oral-Motor Interventions of

    Pediatric Feeding Problems: What, When, How. Retrieved from

    https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ846764.pdfe/

    Feeding Milestones | Child Development Milestones. (n.d.). Retrieved from

    https://pathways.org/topics-of-development/feeding/milestones/

    Polikaitis, Rima I & Wesling, Michele. (n.d.) The ABC’s of Pediatric Dysphagia: Evaluation and

    Treatment. Retrieved from https://www.asha.org/Events

    /convention/handouts/2006/1202

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