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Midterm Notes

Ferdinand Magellan led the first circumnavigation of the world from 1519 to 1522. He discovered and claimed the Philippines for Spain. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi then established Spain's rule over the Philippines in 1565 by founding settlements on Cebu and Manila. The Philippines was ruled as a Spanish colony for over 300 years until the Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896, led by Andres Bonifacio and the secret revolutionary society Katipunan, seeking independence from Spanish colonial rule.

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100 views

Midterm Notes

Ferdinand Magellan led the first circumnavigation of the world from 1519 to 1522. He discovered and claimed the Philippines for Spain. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi then established Spain's rule over the Philippines in 1565 by founding settlements on Cebu and Manila. The Philippines was ruled as a Spanish colony for over 300 years until the Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896, led by Andres Bonifacio and the secret revolutionary society Katipunan, seeking independence from Spanish colonial rule.

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RPH MIDTERM NOTES

Magellan Expedition (1521)

 Ferdinand Magellan
o Portugese, captain of Trinidad and the first person to circumnavigate the world
 Antonio Pigafetta
o Also known as Antonio Lombardo
o Italian sponsored by the Spaniards (Spanish mindset – orientalism)
 Timeline
o August 10, 1519 – five fleets, 241 people
 Victoria – only survivor
 Concepcion – burned down
 Santiago - shipwrecked
 Trinidad – headed East towards Portugese land
 San Antonio – headed back to Spain because of rebellion
o October 3, 1519
 Weather worsened, divine intervention: Santelmo or St. Elmo’s Fire
o December 18, 1520
 Turned NW: led his men through the Pacific Ocean
o March 21, 1520
 mutiny
o March 16, 1521
 Discovered the Philippines
 Island of Humunhun
 Datu Zula, Magellan’s friend
 Looking for a westward route to the Spice Island
 Encountered Rajah Humabon
 First Filipino chieftain to embrace Christianity
 Humabon (Carlos: in honor of King Charles V) and Humani (Juana: in honor of Queen
Juana, King Charles’ mother) were baptized
o April 27, 1521
 Battle of Mactan
 First known recorded resistance of the Filipinos
 Lapu-Lapu – atleast 1,500 native warriors, Magellan – 60 men
 “killed our mirror, our light, our comfort and our true guide
o September 6, 1522
 18 men and Victoria returned to Spain
 Captain became Juan Sebastian El Cano
 Effects of the Discovery
o Disruption of our established socio-political institution
o Philippines was placed under Spanish colony
o Experienced colonization for 300 years
 Motivations and Challenges Faced by the Spanish Colonizers
o Scurvy and Mutiny
 Spanish Claim the Archipelago based on two Reasons
o Spain discovered the Philippines and Spain had a right to colonize it (Discover-Colonize-Rule)
 Significance of the Voyage
o Established that the world is round
o Locating the archipelago in the European map
o First mass = introduction of Christianity
 Factors that led to the Discovery of the Philippines
1. Economic
 Looking for the Spice Islands (Maluku, Indonesia)
 Navigators before Magellan: Christopher Columbus, Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama
2. Political
 In search for new routes
After the fall of Constantinople (1453) to the Muslims, routes were blocked to Europe
Moores blocked the only way to go to the Spice Islands
 Treaty of Tordesillas
Agreement between Spain (west) and Portugal (east)
Pope Alexander XI – line of demarcation
3. Scientific and Secular Pursuits
 Navigational Instruments
Mariner’s Compass, Astolabe, Portolani, Quadrant, Sextant

Legazpi Expedition (1564)

 Philippines – Land of Lazaro, Islas de Lazaro


 After Magellan
o Garcia Jufre Loaisa (1525), Sebastian Cabot (1526), Alvaro de Saavedra (1527), Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
(1542), Miguel Lopez de Lagazpi (1564)
 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
o First Spanish governor of the Philippines
o Established Spain’s dominion over the Philippines
o Adelantado – advanced officer
 Timeline:
o November 21, 1564 – start of the Journey
 Four ships and five Augustinian friars, 380 men
 Father Andres de Urdaneta – navigator and spiritual advisor
 Melchor de Legazpi – son of Miguel de Legazpi
 Felipe and Juan de Salcedo – grandsons of Migeul
 Guido de Lavezaris – only survivor of Villalbos’s expedition and second Spanish governor
of the Philippines
 Mexican port of Natividad
o 93 days in the Pacific Ocean
o 1565: Marianas Islands (Guam)
 Get supplies, fought against the native of Tiamoro
o February 13, 1565 – arrived at Cebu but they weren’t accepted by the natives
o February 22, 1565 – island of Samar
 Datu Uraw: blood compact, together they went to Limasawa
 Datu Bangkaw – went back to Bohol to have a blood compact to Datu Sikatuna (Datu of Bohol
and the one who told them about the island of Cebu), and Rajah Sigala
o April 27, 1565
 Arrived in Cebu
 Cebuanos were hostile, especially the Cebuano Chieftain, Tupas
 During the battle in Cebu, he discovered the image of Sto. Nino given by Magellan
o 1569 – because of lack of supplies, he went to the Island of Panay
o 1570 – ordered Juan de Salcedo to punish the pirates of Mindoro and Martin Goiti to go to Luzon
 Batangas with 120 soldiers – River of Pansipit
o May 8, 1565 – expedition in Manila
 Manila was a Muslim region, Goiti demanded Rajay Sulayman to pay tribute
o May 24, 1565 – Goiti fired a canon to recall a ship, natives shot through lantaka
o 1571 – founded the city of Manila
o August 20, 1572 – died because of stroke

The Philippines Becomes a Spanish Colony

The 1896 Philippine Revolution

 Timeline
o July 6, 1892 – Rizal was arrested by the Spaniards
o The La Liga Filipina, Rizal’s organization became Cuerpo de Compromisarios
o July 7, 1892 – the Katipunan was formed
o Andres Bonifacio – Father of the Revolution
o KKK – Kataastaasan Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
o Aimed to: separate from Spain, defend the poor and the oppressed, promote good morality, reject
religious fanaticism and obscurantism
o Two Phases
o First Phase
 August 19, 1896 – the Katipunan was discovered
 Teodoro Patino and Apolonio de la Cruz had a misunderstanding
 Due to Teodoro’s vengeance, he told his sister Honoria, about the Katipunan
 Honorio, an inmate at an orphanage told Sor Teresa
 Sor Teresa urged Teodoro to confessed to Fr. Mariano Gil
 August 23, 1896
 1, 000 Katipuneros met at the yard of Juan A. Ramos
 Cry of Pugadlawin
 August 30, 1896
 The revolution spread to different areas around Manila
 Governor-general Ramon Blanco declared a state of war
 December 31, 1896
 Imus Assembly
 March 22, 1897
 Tejeros Convention
o Electoral fraud
o Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as president
o Magdalo side
o

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