Chapter 1

1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
With the development of new electronic technologies and their integration with older,
traditional building technologies, smart house is at last becoming a real possibility. The Smart
House Project is initiated in the early 1980’s as a project of the National Research Center of the
National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) with the cooperation of a collection of major
industrial partners. Smart House is not a new term for science society but is still far more away
from people’s vision and audition. This is because recent various works have been done in
designing the general overview of the possible remote access approaches for controlling devices
or in cases simulating the Smart House itself and designing the main server the design and
implementation of an off-the-shelf Smart House remote control application has been limited to
simply the computer. Now-a-days, home automation are being exercised intensively as to setup
standards for building efficient smart home suited to custom and regional requirements. When
the person is not available in home it is not necessary to turn on and off the electrical appliances
manually. At prevents the wastage of electricity [1].

1.2 Problem Statement

In developing countries like Pakistan security and energy crisis at his peak. Lots of electricity
has been wasted by twisted pairs of low quality wires. Sometime big accident of occurs too
which can cause expensive damage of wealth as well as human injury or may be death. To
overcome this damage, some safety rules are needed to acquire. The traditional system does
not provide the proper security and it is very expensive too. The traditional system is expensive
and its installation is very difficult. Usually conventional wall switches are located in different
corners of house and, thus necessitate the need of manual operations like pressing to turn the
loads on or off. It becomes very difficult for elderly or physically handicapped people to
operate them. How to help them?

1.3 Motivation
Smart home management has always seemed like a futuristic paradise. When entering the
room, lights turn on, fans that activate when the temperature is too high, entire rooms changing
its ambient at specific hours or when presence is detected, anyone you tell about these things

1
think it’s a future, unreachable perfect home. But they are all wrong. This kind of devices
Probably, because of how hidden these devices are from the daily markets. A single look to
any of these technologies’ web page will show us how easy, and yet not expensive, customizing
in homes, adding controllable elements to it. But there is still a big concern about these devices:
How to control? Which is in the market for decades. People have been building their own ideal
home over the last years. Then, why is this still a “future” topic? It is obvious that there is still
a lot of work to be done in the area. The most important thing is to get the people know about
these technologies, and make their control as simple as possible, while still offering a good
amount of customization. Maybe one of the most interesting topics about these technologies is
to get a centralized, technology-independent system from which anyone can control their
home. It must be simple, intuitive, yet powerful and solid. Lab VIEW is selected for the project.
It is easy and convenient language. It is some time called G language developed by National
instrument NI. As a reason of drastic developments in the field of wireless communications
these days, the applications of this technology can be used in various sectors for making daily
tasks comfortable and easy. One such application can be used for control of electrical
appliances which results in effective and efficient use of electrical power reducing the loss.
This area has yet to be explored in major parts of the world. So we would like to take this
opportunity to put forward a cost effective method for the wireless switching of the electrical
appliances [2].

1.4 Project Scope

Home automation system achieved great popularity in the last decades and it increases the
comfort and quality of life. The introduction of this system to will brought a great revolution
in our daily life. This system can provide advance security at very low cost. According to a
TMR analyst, the global market for home automation is expected to witness an outstanding 26
.3% CAGR from 2014 to 2020. The market has been projected to rise from a valuation of US
$4.41 billion in 2013 to a worth US$21.6 billion by the end of 2020. This clearly states that
the smart home automation market is growing drastically and we can see that it has already
started impacting our lives. With the increasing number of smart homes and connected
devices our daily lives have become simpler and comfortable . The system can provide
advance security at very low cost [2].

2
1.5 Objectives

The main objective of this paper is to increase the accuracy and speed of thesystem and to
monitor the internal lighting system , external lighting system , temperature system
andsecuritysystem .The mainaimof thedesign provided in this project is todevelop asystem to
have wireless tcontrol of home electrical appliances .The device can be made sure to be
available at a low cost so that everyone can afford it. This is basically a device built for home
appliances control system that can provide remote access to house hold electrical appliances at
low cost and in efficient way. The electrical devices connected in the home,office or any place,
consume electrical power,and there isan absolute necessity of saving of power as per present
day situations . Smart home automation has been developed to automatically achieve
someactivities performed frequently indaily lifeinorder toobtain more comfortable and easier
life.Smart home system has introduced to achieve following goals.Maintain and provide high
standard security to home and office.Save electricity and use
natural resources in a convenient way.

1.6 Aim of the project

The aim of the project is to develop a system, which uses Mobile technology that keeps control
of the various units of the automobiles, Computer system, which executes with respect to the
signal sent by the mobile. The aim of the project is to provide Reliable home automated system
at low cost.

1.6.1 Reliability
Reliability is one such factor that every electrical system should have in order to render its
services without malfunctioning over a long period of time. The proposed system has developed
to keep in mind the energy crisis in Pakistan.

1.6.2 Cost
The design is implemented at a very economical price. The total cost incurred by us in
designing this kit is very less and further we have developed the Lab VIEW based Home
Automation which is more economical rather than just interfacing those which are readily
available in the market.

3
1.6.3 Applications
The application includes remote controlling of home appliances and lighting systems in an easy
way. Also, home security and monitoring can be achieved. Can easily be install in in office and
home. And maintain and operated easily.

1.6.4 Operational Feasibility

This software is very easy to use, user friendly interface so it will be pretty much operable by
anyone having little experience of using android phone. It could be helpful for physically
disabled person too, controlling home appliances with the click of a button. So it is operationally
feasible.

1.6.5 Goals
The most important goals of home automation are to provide convenience for the owner.
Additionally, value can be realized by using automation to save energy and to provide security
and peace of mind. Finally, we all appreciate the fun and excitement of experiencing the latest
technology in our home or business. While there are many home automation solutions
available today, they vary widely in terms of affordability, reliability and most importantly
with their ability to withstand the all-important test of time. It is true that everything you install
today will at some point in the future be considered obsolete. There are steps, however, that
you can take to minimize this undesirable consequence. It all starts with the creation of a
realistic vision for your project.

1.7 Basic Components and Modules

We Have Used Various Modules and Components which work smoothly and integrated with
this Project. Some of them are discussed in short bellow respectively.

1.7.1 Arduino UNO

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip
ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with sets
of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards
(shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6
analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the USB cable or by an external
9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts [3].

4
1.7.2 Six Channel Arduino Relay
The Arduino Relay module allows a wide range of microcontroller such as Arduino, AVR, PIC,
ARM with digital outputs to control larger loads and devices like AC or DC Motors,
electromagnets, solenoids, and incandescent light bulbs. This module is designed to be
integrated with 6 relays that it is capable of control 6 relays. The relay shield use one QIANJI
JQC-3F high-quality relay with rated load 7A/240VAC,10A/125VAC,10A/28VDC.The relay
output state is individually indicated by a light-emitting diode [3].

1.7.3 PIR Sensor

A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light
radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion
detectors . PIR sensors are commonly used in security alarms and automatic lighting
applications . PIR sensors detect general movement , but do not give information on who or
what moved. For that purpose , an active IR sensor is required . PIR sensors are commonly
called simply "PIR ", or sometimes "PID ", for "passive infrared detector ". The
term passive refers to the fact that PIR devices do not radiate energy for detection purposes.

1.7.4 LDR HL-01 Sensor

A photoresistor (or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photo-conductive cell) is a light-
controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with increasing incident
light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be applied in
light-sensitive detector circuits, and light-activated and dark-activated switching circuits. A
photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. In the dark, a photoresistor can have
a resistance as high as several mega ohms (MΩ), while in the light, a photoresistor can have a
resistance as low as a few hundred ohms. If incident light on a photoresistor exceeds a
certain frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy
to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electrons (and their hole partners) conduct
electricity, thereby lowering resistance. The resistance range and sensitivity of a photoresistor
can substantially differ among dissimilar devices. Moreover, unique photoresistors may react
substantially differently to photons within certain wavelength bands [3].

5
1.7.5 Buzzer Alarm
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke [3].

1.7.6 Dht11 Temperature Sensor The digital temperature and humidity sensor DHT11 is a
composite sensor that contains a calibrated digital signal output of temperature and humidity
. The technology of a dedicated digital modules collection and the temperature and humidity
sensing technology are applied to ensure that the product has high reliability and
excellent long-term stability .The sensor includes a resistive sense of wet component and an
NTC temperature measurement device , and is connected with a high -performance 8-bit
microcontroller . The schematic diagram of the Humidor Sensor Module. Only three pins are
available for use: VCC, GND, and DATA. The communication process begins with the DATA
line sending start signals to DHT11, and DHT11 receives the signals and returns an answer
signal.

1.7.7 12 Volt Fan

A 12volt fan has been added to sensor 2 and hl-01 temperature sensor it will turn on when the
PIR sensor detect any object and HL-01 sensor detect temperature more than 25 Celsius.

1.7.8 12 Volt Transformer

It is a general purpose chassis mounting mains transformer. Transformer has 240 V primary
windings and center tapped secondary winding. The transformer has flying colored insulated
connecting leads (Approx. 100 mm long). The Transformer act as step down transformer
reducing AC - 240V to AC - 12V.

6
 CHAPTER 2

2 LITERATUREREVIEW
2.1 History and Background
Now-a-days there is huge advancement in communication sector, almost everyone have access
to mobile phones and Laptop thus the world has indeed become a global village. At any given
moment, any person across the world can be contacted with the help of a mobile phone.
Computer can not only be used for the calling and sending SMS but also new ideas can be
generated and techniques can be developed from it that can further enhance its capabilities.
There are huge technological advancements in wireless communication like Infra-red and
Bluetooth which mostly took place in the recent years showing that further improvements are
on the horizon to make our lives easier and comfortable. Having wireless control of almost all
the things in a person’s life is a growing interest and many systems are developed providing
such controls. With the inception of home automation labor saving machines were first priority
of inventors. Self-contained electric or gas powered home appliances became viable in the
1900s with the introduction of electric power distribution and led to the introduction of water
heaters in 1889 later washing machines in 1904 followed by refrigerators, sewing machines,
dishwashers, and clothes dryers. In recent history i.e. 1975 X10 the first general purpose home
automation network technology was developed, which is a communication protocol for
electronic devices. It primarily uses electric power transmission wiring for signaling and
control, where the signals involve brief radio frequency bursts of digital data and remains the
most widely available. By 1978, X10 products included a 16 channel command console, a lamp
module, and an appliance module. Soon after came the wall switch module and the first X10
timer. In a research by ABIin United states 1.5 million home automation systems were installed
by 2012. Here our main objective is to design a system that will enable us to have a complete
control of the interface on which it is based [4].

2.2 Exiting System

Today, we have a lot of cheap and costly home automation products in the market. Each has a
way to communicate to the device controllers. There are a few common examples among a
vast majority of diverse, and most importantly, intelligent systems. There are many complex

7
home system tools, but there they are so expensive and complex. They are complex and difficult
to maintain. if a simple module is damaged all the system be damaged.
2.3 Problem in Traditional System
Hence Pakistan is developing country so houses and offices aren’t properly adopted smart home
technology. In traditional system electric switches are fixed at the wall and some time at the
corner of wall so it will be very difficult for elders, disabled and children to turn on or off the
electric appliances. The traditional complex wiring electric supply system can cause a big
damage of electricity due to non-reliable wires, sometime it can cause of damage of expensive
appliance due to variable voltage electric supply companies. It can easily be shot circuit and
open wires can cause an injury or may be death. The short circuit can be easily converted into
fire and easily burn a complete house or offices. There are following drawbacks in the system.
 Reliability Problem
 Security Problem
 Installation Problem
 Maintenance
 Cost
2.3.1 Reliability issue
Reliability, describes the ability of a system or component to function under stated conditions
for a specified period of time. Availability, Testability, maintainability and maintenance are
often defined as a part of "reliability “. Traditional Wiring electric system is time wasting and
non-reliable. It need lots of efforts to be spend. Stripping too much wire can lead to sparks as
hot conductors can make contact with each other, causing sparks and potential fires. Copper is
being rejected by the semi-conductor industry as being unreliable as a bonding agent. In a
recent study conducted by SEMI, the main research arm of the semiconductor industry, most
respondents in the field held that copper wire as a bonding agent was unreliable, unproven
and inefficient. Further, many in the field held in the survey that they thought copper was
unsuited for many complex wiring projects. Also. when the wire run is too long, there might
be some voltage drops associated with it, causing the wire to underperform and carry less
current than it is designed for.

8
2.3.2 Security issue
Traditional wiring system is not completely secure. The human body is a good conductor of
electricity. That means electricity flows easily through our bodies. Why? Because electricity
moves quickly through water - and the human body is 70 percent water! Another fact to
remember is that electricity always tries to find the easiest path to the ground. Overhead electric
lines may cause serious injury or death if contacted. Maintain safe distances from electric lines
at all times. Avoid using ladders, poles or other tools in situations where they may come in
contact with overhead lines. Adults should call the electric company if they need to work near
lines. Short circuits can cause us serious fire in office and house which led to a very serious
incident.

2.3.3 Installation issue

Each year thousands of fires are the result of common electrical installation problems. As some
older homes are remodeled, some electrical outlets are installed without a properly grounded
outlet, replacing the old receptacle outlet. This is an error because, in the event of a short circuit,
the cover plate can become energized and deadly. Here we will present some common electrical
problems and how to avoid them during the remodeling process. Some issues can happen if
staples are driven too tight to secure the wire to studs or beams. The wire can be severely
damaged if it is not properly attached One of the most common problems and one of the most
dangerous ones as well. Using improper wiring can cause wires to overheat. This can also occur
when the number of outlets and light receptacles combined into one single circuit is much more
than what the circuit is designed for.

2.3.4 Maintenance issue

Traditional Wiring electric security maintenance cost a huge resources damaging of a simple
wire can cause changing and of all system. For installation of new wires, a team of experts is
required they also charge healthy amount.

2.3.5 Cost issue

Copper costs far more than fiber optic cable. Part of the cost problem of copper wire is both
that it is very expensive to store (due to the fact that it cannot be exposed to oxygen) and that
it is heavier, leading to higher shipping costs. One of the most serious disadvantages of
copper wire is its susceptibility to corrosion, that is, oxidation. It has a shorter life expectancy

9
than fiber optic cable as a result of this. Therefore, the problem of copper storage is related
to its penchant to be oxidized at relatively normal temperatures.

2.4 Advantages of Home Automation System

Convenience
Flexible
Secure
energy efficient
Improved appliance functionality
Home management insights

2.4.1 Convenience
The convenience factor here is enormous. Being able to keep all of the technology in your
home connected through one interface is a massive step forward for technology and home
management. Theoretically, all you’ll have to do is learn how to use one app on your
smartphone and tablet, and you’ll be able to tap into countless functions and devices
throughout your home. This cuts way back on the learning curve for new users, makes it
easier to access the functionality you truly want for your home

2.4.2 Flexible
Smart home systems tend to be wonderfully flexible when it comes to the accommodation
of new devices and appliances and other technology. No matter how state-of-the-art your
appliances seem today, there will be newer, more impressive models developed as time goes
on. Beyond that, you’ll probably add to your suite of devices as you replace the older ones
or discover new technology to accompany your indoor and outdoor spaces. Being able to
integrate these newcomers seamlessly will make your job as a homeowner much easier, and
allow you to keep upgrading to the latest lifestyle technology

2.4.3 Secure
When you incorporate security and surveillance features in your smart home network, your
home security can skyrocket. There are tons of options here -- only a few dozens of which
are currently being explored. For example, home automation systems can connect motion
detectors, surveillance cameras, automated door locks, and other tangible security measures
throughout your home so you can activate them from one mobile device before heading to

10
bed. You can also choose to receive security alerts on your various devices depending on the
time of day an alert goes off, and monitor activities in real-time whether you’re in the house
or halfway around the globe.

2.4.4 Energy Efficient

Depending on how you use your smart-home technology, it’s possible to make your space
more energy-efficient. For example, you can have more precise control over the heating and
cooling of your home with a programmable smart thermostat that learns your schedule and
temperature preferences, and then suggests the best energy efficient settings throughout the
day. Lights and motorized shades can be programed to switch to an evening mode as the sun
sets, or lights can turn on and off automatically when you enter or leave the room, so you
never have to worry about wasting energy.

2.4.5 Improved Appliance Functionality

Smart homes can also help you run your appliances better. A smart TV will help you find
better apps and channels to locate your favorite programming. A smart oven will assist you
with cooking your chicken to perfection -- without ever worrying about overcooking or
undercooking it. An intelligently designed home theater and audio system can make
managing your movie and music collection effortless when entertaining guests. Ultimately,
connecting your appliances and other systems with automation technology will improve your
appliance effectiveness and overall make your home life much easier and enjoyable!

2.4.6 Home Management Insights

There’s also something to be said for your ability to tap into insights on how your home
operates. You can monitor how often you watch TV (and what you watch), what kind of
meals you cook in your oven, the type of foods you keep in your refrigerator, and your energy
consumption habits over time. From these insights, you may be able to analyze your daily
habits and behaviors, and make adjustments to live the lifestyle you desire.

2.5 Feature of Smart Home System

The ability to manage your home’s electronic systems from one main control system can make
your household run smoother, feel better and save energy. The trick is to find a solution that
will meet all the demands of your household, now and in the future. Most custom home
automation systems can be tailored by a professional to provide all the benefits you desire, but

11
there are some key features that will make the job easier and your interaction with your system
more enjoyable. The beauty of an automation system is its ability to tie diverse electronic
devices together so they can perform as one unified system. Getting these devices to work
cohesively can be simple or complex, depending on the “openness” of the automation system.
The more open a system is, the easier it will be for the lights, thermostats, audio/video
equipment, security devices, motorized shades and other electronics to communicate with each
other. Automation is all about being able to control things in your home. Remote access
capabilities allow you to monitor your home’s environment and alter the settings of the lights,
thermostats and other gear if necessary all from your laptop, cellphone or iTouch. Remote
access also allows your installer to tweak your system without having to make a house call,
which is always cheaper and more convenient. technology will continue to evolve, introducing
a completely new generation of products to the marketplace. In the future, you may also want
to add new rooms—like a recently finished basement or an addition off the back—to your
automation network. Or, you may simply want to start out with just a few features when you
first put in your system then add new capabilities later as you have the money. For these reasons,
it’s important that a home automation system can be easily expanded vertically to incorporate
additional products and horizontally to support additional rooms.

2.6 Summary of the Project

In my project, a design concept for a real-time home automation system with LabVIEW
platform are proposed. The proposed automation system consists of two main hardware
components: PC as a home main server including the LabVIEW platform management. Three
types of appliances and sensors are connected to the microcontroller board. The home
appliances can be monitored, controlled, and accessed automatically in response to any signals
came from related sensors or manually by the system user. A hardware implementation of the
system was carried out to verify the reliability of the system. The implemented system was a
simple, low cost and flexible that can be expanded and scaled up. A future improvement can
be added to the proposed system using wire-less sensors and internet of things technologies.
The proposed system can be developed and fabricated as a commercial hardware package.

12
 CHAPTER 3

3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Methodology mean the detail description and definition of every activity perform in completing
the project as well as every tool use for solving problems faced in the project. The complete
planning from start till end and the each and every tool use in the project data collection methods
and all other things like SDLC model use in the project every person connect directly and
indirectly every helping material are all collectively called methodology of the project. If the
requirements are done will, the software design flows logically and smoothly. Conversely, if
the requirements are done poorly, the resulting design is awkward and the coding is more
difficult. Methodology helps the system developers to take one step at a time towards
accomplishing the full system.

3.2 Data Collection Methods

The most important part of project is collecting data. There is a lots of methods through which
we can collect data. So the following are the different methods trough which I have collects the
data for my project. The methods used for data collection are mention below.

3.2.1 Visiting Different Web Sites

Most of the data collection takes placed by visiting different websites, and getting idea from
different sites.
Google and YouTube.

3.2.2 Meeting with Supervisor

Data collection takes placed by meeting supervisor. Periodic meeting with supervisor guide a
lot and got a lot of information. With this technique, the problem that occurred will be easy to
solve. In an interview different types of questions were asked from co-supervisor. The questions
were related to various requirements of the project including the aspects of functionality,
reliability, non-functional requirements etc.

3.2.3 Observation
The other method used for data collection is observation, while observing the other Home
Automation Systems working criteria. On the basis of defects found impervious system and on

13
the basis of what the people like the data for development of new System were collected. The
data collected contains problems in the existing system. Various problems were there in the
existing in those systems which will discuss in detail.

3.3 Data Analysis Method

The peoples that are not connected with new technology was the main target so analyzation
start from those people and also interest of the peoples was remain in focus different fun full
and interesting application was in focus then the best thing notice was that Home Automation
System with Pc and Mobile Control. After targeting the drone different tools for Home
Automation System was analyze and study the difficult situation was the searching of sensors
and integration of Arduino and LabVIEW. which waist my lots of time and effort and this was
the most discouraging time. The sensitive study was conducted by crossing thought research
paper and the find. I found the solution and it was very easy then for me in coding Arduino like
C++ and Python. The data need for developing above application were collected through data
collection methods, here the data collected is analyzed. In the analysis of data various tools and
techniques are compared with the requirement of developing new system. In our project we
suggested under the supervision of our project supervisor and our personal experience that we
will develop the Home Automation System Using LabVIEW and Arduino. The proposed
system found during the start of the analysis is as the information system should be able to
handle the data regarding the courses information, User information etc. The data need for
developing above Home Automation System were collected through data collection methods,
here the data collected is analyzed. In the analysis of data various tools and techniques are
compared with the requirement of developing new system. In our project we developed a Home
Automation System which control from Windows and Android.

3.4 Why Used Software Development Methods

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is observed by different website and software
developers all over the world. However, there’s always a question of the need to implement this
type of planning. We all know that SDLC could help us answer specific needs of different users.
That is a given. But could that problem be answered when you are already familiar with that
specific difficulty? In-house developers could even create the software on their own without
consultation to users since they are also part of the user group and has a clear understand of
what is needed. Clearly, SDLC is not needed to create software in this environment. Its

14
methodology may include the pre-definition of specific deliverables and artifacts that are
created and completed by a project team to develop or maintain an application. There are
various software development life cycle models defined and designed which are followed
during the software development process. These models are also referred as Software
Development Process Models [5].
Following are the most important and popular SDLC models followed in the industry & minus.
 Waterfall Model
 Iterative Model
 Spiral Model
 V-Model
 Big Bang Model.
 Evolutionary Prototyping Model.
 Agile development
 Incremental Software Development model

3.4.1 Incremental Software Development model

Incremental model in software engineering is a one which combines the elements of waterfall
model in an iterative manner. It delivers a series of releases called increments which provide
progressively more functionality for the client as each increment is delivered. In the incremental
model of software engineering, waterfall model is repeatedly applied in each increment. The
incremental model applies linear sequences in a required pattern as calendar time passes. Each
linear sequence produces an increment in the work. The process continues till the complete
system is achieved. Each iteration passes through the requirements, design, coding and
testing phases. And each subsequent release of the system adds function to the previous release
until all designed functionality has been implemented.

15
Figure 3.1: Incremental Process Model [5]

16
 Figure 3.2 : Incremental Process Model [5]

The system is put into production when the first increment is delivered. The first increment is
often a core product where the basic requirements are addressed, and supplementary features
are added in the next increments. Once the core product is analyzed by the client, there is plan
development for the next increment.

 Characteristics of Incremental module includes

 System development is broken down into many mini development projects
 Partial systems are successively built to produce a final total system

17
  Highest priority requirement is tackled first
 Once the incremented portion id developed, requirements for that increment are frozen

Incremental Phases Activities performed in incremental phases

Requirement  Requirement and specification of the software are collected

Analysis

Design  Some high-end function are designed during this stage

Code  Coding of software is done during this stage

Test  Once the system is deployed, it goes through the testing

phase

 When to use Incremental models?

 Requirements of the system are clearly understood
 When demand for early release of product arises
 When team resources are not very well skilled or trained
 When high-risk features and goals are involved

3.4.2 Why Used ISD model in my Project

Typically, the following situations can be seen where this incremental SDLC process helps in
software development.
 When there is a need to adapt to the changes where customer requirements can be
honored in the middle of the project development (that is in the next sprint cycle).
 When an early indication of the project status is needed and can be stopped quickly or
can be transformed to a different project.
 When the product progress can be should be seen as more practical in progress and can
be demoed or given to the sales and trial customers before the final release of the
product.
 Smaller sized teams contributing to the process.

18
  Start from POC (Proof of Concept) —> Viable product --> Beta/Incremental
delivery/release.

3.4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Incremental Model

Advantages Disadvantages

 The software will be generated  It requires a good planning

quickly during the software life designing
cycle

 It is flexible and less expensive to  Problems might cause due to system

change requirements and scope architecture as such not all
requirements collected up front for
the entire software lifecycle

 Throughout the development stages  Each iteration phase is rigid and

changes can be done does not overlap each other

 This model is less costly compared  Rectifying a problem in one unit

to others requires correction in all the units
and consumes a lot of time

 A customer can respond to each

building

 Errors are easy to be identified

19
 Table 3.1: Why Used ISD model in Project
Iterative
Evolutionary and
Factors Waterfall V-Shaped Prototyping Spiral Incremental Agile
Unclear User
Requirement Poor Poor Good Excellent Good Excellent
Unfamiliar
Technology Poor Poor Excellent Excellent Good Poor
Complex
System Good Good Excellent Excellent Good Poor
Reliable system Good Good Poor Excellent Good Good
Short Time
Schedule Poor Poor Good Poor Excellent Excellent
Strong Project
Management Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent
Cost limitation Poor Poor Poor Poor Excellent Excellent
Visibility of
Stakeholders Good Good Excellent Excellent Good Excellent
Skills limitation Good Good Poor Poor Good Poor
Documentation Excellent Excellent Good Good Excellent Poor
Component
reusability Excellent Excellent Poor Poor Excellent Poor

3.5 Summary
The data for project development is collected by using above techniques and methods, and then
the data is analyzed in data analysis technique / methods. The analyzed data is then applied in
software development approach / method to develop this game to entertain and provide fun for
people.

20
 CHAPTER 4

4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction
Requirements engineering is the process of eliciting individual stakeholder requirements and
needs and developing them into detailed, agreed requirements documented and specified in
such a way that they can serve as the basis for all other system development activities.
Requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or
conditions to meet for a new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly
conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating and
managing software or system requirements. Requirements analysis is critical to the success or
failure of a systems or software project. The requirements should be documented, actionable,
measurable, testable, traceable, related to identified business needs or opportunities, and
defined to a level of detail sufficient for system design. Requirements analysis can be a long
and tiring process during which many delicate psychological skills are involved. Large systems
may confront analysts with hundreds or thousands of system requirements. New systems
change the environment and relationships between people, so it is important to identify all the
stakeholders, take into account all their needs and ensure they understand the implications of
the new systems. Analysts can employ several techniques to elicit the requirements from the
customer. These may include the development of scenarios represented as user stories in agile
methods, the identification of use cases, the use of workplace observation or ethnography,
holding interviews, or focus groups more aptly named in this context as requirements
workshops, or requirements review sessions and creating requirements lists. Prototyping may
be used to develop an example system that can be demonstrated to stakeholders. Where
necessary, the analyst will employ a combination of these methods to establish the exact
requirements of the stakeholders, so that a system that meets the business needs is produced
[6].

4.2 Data Analysis Methods

People who are not connected to new technology is the main target is to begin with them; is to
enlighten them into the new technology by providing them interesting and fun things easy and
convenient way of controlling home appliances and security easily from anywhere. The Project

21
is developing in LabVIEW and Arduino. The data need for developing above application was
collected through data collection method; here the data collected is analyzed. In the analysis of
data various tools and techniques are compared with the requirement of developing new system.
we came to the conclusion that LabVIEW and Arduino is the best option which have been used
and utilized by most of the developers around the globe and found it more convenient [6].

4.3 Requirements Engineering

Requirements engineering is the process of eliciting individual stakeholder requirements and
needs and developing them into detailed, agreed requirements documented and specified in
such a way that they can serve as the basis for all other system development activities.
Requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or
conditions to meet for a new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly
conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating and
managing software or system requirements. Requirements analysis is critical to the success or
failure of a systems or software project. The requirements should be documented, actionable,
measurable, testable, traceable, related to identified business needs or opportunities, and
defined to a level of detail sufficient for system design. Requirements analysis can be a long
and tiring process during which many delicate psychological skills are involved. Large systems
may confront analysts with hundreds or thousands of system requirements. New systems
change the environment and relationships between people, so it is important to identify all the
stakeholders, take into account all their needs and ensure they understand the implications of
the new systems. Analysts can employ several techniques to elicit the requirements from the
customer. These may include the development of scenarios represented as user stories in agile
methods, the identification of use cases, the use of workplace observation or ethnography,
holding interviews, or focus groups more aptly named in this context as requirements
workshops, or requirements review sessions and creating requirements lists. Prototyping may
be used to develop an example system that can be demonstrated to stakeholders. Where
necessary, the analyst will employ a combination of these methods to establish the exact
requirements of the stakeholders, so that a system that meets the business needs is produced
[7].

22
4.4 System Requirements
System requirements are defined in software requirement. Software requirement specification
(SRS) is the representative statement required to system developers. These required documents
define requirement definition and requirement specification. It should set out what the system
should do without specifying how it should be done. Requirement in this document is complete
and consistent. A System Requirements Specification (SRS) (also known as a Software
Requirements Specification) is a document or set of documentation that describes the features
and behavior of a system or software application. It includes a variety of elements that attempts
to define the intended functionality required by the customer to satisfy their different users. In
addition to specifying how the system should behave, the specification also defines at a high-
level the main business processes that will be supported, what simplifying assumptions have
been made and what key performance parameters will need to be met by the system [8].
System Requirements is further categories in two:

 Functional Requirements

 Non-Functional Requirements
4.5 Functional Requirements
Requirements, which are related to functional aspect of software is called functional
requirements. They define functions and functionality within and form the software system.
The Functional requirement is actual behavior of system it define system functionality and its
components. Function take inputs perform behavior and generate output.

4.5.1 LIGHT ON/OFF

When PIR sensor detect no object the light remains off for unknown spam of time the user can
set initial and maximum value for light on/off

4.5.2 LDR OFF MODE

During sunlight the lawn light is turn off as the darkness increases LDR sensor detect it and
turn on light.

4.5.3 PIR SENSOR OFF/ON MODE

When there is body moving in front of PIR sensor it detect nothing as any object move across
the sensor the sensor and give signal to the system. Since the PIR sensor is connected with

23
burglar alarm and light both modules. So when PIR sensor detect any object it turns on light
and burglar alarm starts

4.6 Temperature Sensor.

This module will detect the heat and cold and we will set initial and highest value for it when
it detects that the temperature raised up to a certain degree the fan gets turn on and further
raising of temperature the speed of fan increases.

4.7 Non- functional Requirements

In system engineering and requirements engineering, a non-functional-requirements is a
requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather
than specific behaviors. Non-functional requirements are other than the main functional
requirements. They are not directly concern with the main functionality of the actual system.
Our game non-functional requirements are as follows

4.7.1 Security
The login system should be robust where only authorized users can be login to the system and
use the system. Only manager has the user name and password, only manager can login into
the system. Other persons cannot login into the system and system will not be open with
incorrect user name and password.

4.7.2 Maintainability
Since the system may be developed in the future by adding other features, it should be easily
maintainable. In future new functionalities will be added like biometric system and credit card
transaction. The new functionalities will be easily maintainable in the Home Automation
system.

4.7.3 Availability
Smart home system will be available any time to use. Smart Home Automation system is Home
management system user can open it any time and control it, on off, add and dim and device.
4.7.4 Response Time
The minimum response time between click and perform must be less than 0.5 seconds. The
maximum response time between click and reaction will be two seconds.

24
4.7.5 Performance
The system runs according to the required software and hardware.

4.7.6 Usability
The system is user-friendly has a beautiful GUI and the keys will respond according to the
number of clicks.

4.7.7 Intuitive and accurate

To ease the use of the program and lower the skill required to use it

4.7.8 Works on the most popular platform

The program will be usable by more potential users

4.8 Use Case

Software and system engineering has a term called use case that shows how a user uses a system
to fulfill a task. Use case acts as a technique that describes the features within structure. A use
case is a methodology used in system analysis to identify, clarify, and organize system
requirements. The use case is made up of a set of possible sequences of interactions between
systems and users in a particular environment and related to a particular goal. It consists of a
group of elements (for example, classes and interfaces) that can be used together in a way that
will have an effect larger than the sum of the separate elements combined. The use case should
contain all system activities that have significance to the users. A use case can be thought of as
a collection of possible scenarios related to a particular goal, indeed, the use case and goal are
sometimes considered to be synonymous [9].

4.9 Object Interaction Use Case

This use case defines how the game actor will interact with other game objects in game. The
actor interacts with collision, enemy when it responds and with other objects around

25
 Figure 4.1

Object Interaction Diagram

4.10 Basic Function Understanding.

This System is LabVIEW and Arduino based hardware complex system. PIR sensor are
connected to a buzzer which will be installed on main Gate which detect any object and
then start beeping. The second PIR sensor will be in room which will detect object and give
signal to internal light and fan start fan when temperature is above room temperature. The
DHT11 sensor is for temperature when it detects temperature more than 27 it will give
signal to external light and will turned on it. This module will install outside room. Another
module is
HL-01 LDR sensor. This sensor is light defendant sensor and give signal to Arduino and
then Arduino send message to light attach to this sensor to turned on or off. Hence this
system a combination of software and hardware so we will discuss this in details. Which
are discussed below.

4.10.1 LabVIEW.
LabVIEW offers a graphical programming approach that helps us visualize every aspect of
your application, including hardware configuration, measurement data, and debugging. This

26
visualization makes it simple to integrate measurement hardware from any vendor,
represent complex logic on the diagram, develop data analysis algorithms, and design
custom engineering user interfaces. LabVIEW has two layouts front panel and block
diagram. We will discuss both in detail.

4.10.1.1 Front Panel

The front panel window is the user interface for the VI. The front panel has controls and
indicators, which are the interactive input and output terminals, respectively, of the VI.
Controls and indicators placed on the front panel are automatically placed on the block
diagram. The Front panel of our program is simple and easy everyone can operate it.

LabVIEW Front Panel

Figure 4.2

27
4.10.1.2 LabVIEW Block Diagram.
The block diagram contains the graphical source code of a LabVIEW program. The concept
of the block diagram is to separate the graphical source code from the user interface in a
logical and simple manner. Front panel objects appear as terminals on the block diagram.
Terminals on the block diagram reflect the changes made to their corresponding front panel
objects and vice versa. The black diagram of our project is given bellow.

28
Block Diagram of LabVIEW
Figure 4.3

29
4.10 Arduino Code.
Arduino code is written in C++ with an addition of special methods and functions, which we’ll
mention later on. C++ is a human-readable programming language. When you create a ‘sketch’
(the name given to Arduino code files), it is processed and compiled to machine language.
4.11 Arduino IDE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the main text editing program used
for Arduino programming. It is where you’ll be typing up your code before uploading it to the
board you want to program. Arduino code is referred to as sketches. The source code of our
program with comments is given below.

Define Value

Define Initial values.

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

int st=0;

int lldr=0;

int tempp=0;

int m1=0;

int m2=0;

Setup Arduino board pin output Values

dht.begin();

pinMode(2,INPUT);

pinMode(3,INPUT);

pinMode(4,INPUT);

pinMode(6,OUTPUT);

30
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);

pinMode(8,OUTPUT);

pinMode(9,OUTPUT);

pinMode(10,OUTPUT);

Reading temperature or humidity takes about 250 milliseconds!

float h = dht.readHumidity();

float t = dht.readTemperature();

// Read temperature as Fahrenheit (isFahrenheit = true)

float f = dht.readTemperature(true);

adding DHT and LDR Libraries.

// - DHT Sensor Library: https://github.com/adafruit/DHT-sensor-library

// - Adafruit Unified Sensor Lib: https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Sensor

31
 CHAPTERR 5

5 SYSTEM DESIGN
5.1 Introduction
Design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data
for a system to satisfy specified requirements. System design is the way toward characterizing
the engineering, parts, and information for a system to fulfill indicated necessities. System
design could be viewed as the utilization of system hypothesis to item improvement. Systems
design could be seen as the application of systems theory to product development [10].

5.2 Logical Design

Logical design is a theoretical idea in iPhone and Android Phone programming by which
software engineers mastermind information in a progression of consistent known as properties
or elements. An element alludes to a piece of data, through a quality characterizes the one of
kind properties of a substance. The logical design of a system pertains to an abstract
representation of the data flows, inputs and outputs of the system. This is often conducted via
modeling, using an over-abstract (and sometimes graphical) model of the actual system.

5.3 Data Flow Diagram

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through
an information system, modeling its process aspects. Words usually can’t do a picture justice.
A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is customary visual representation of the data streams inside a
system. A perfect and clear DFD can delineate a decent measure of the systems prerequisites
graphically. It can be manual, mechanized, or mix of both. It indicates how data centers and
leaves the system, what changes the data and where data is put away. The reason for a DFD is
to demonstrate the degree and limits of a system overall. It might be utilized as a specialized
device between a system expert and any individual who has influence in the system that goes
about as the beginning stage for upgrading a system. It is typically starting with a setting outline
as the level 0 of DFD graph, a basic representation of the entire systems. Specific operations
based on the data can be represented by a flowchart [11].

5.4 Level 0 DFD

It speaks to the logic of the system without going in detail It speaks to the whole programming
as a bubble rise with input and yield output demonstrating approaching arrow and active arrow

32
separately. The simplest and the high level DFD is level 0 DFD and the level of the DFD
increase the detail also increase with level.

Figure 5.1 Level 0 DFD

33
5.5 Level 1 DFD
It distinguishes real information streams and information stores furthermore attempt to broaden
the procedure. The level 1 DFD has diverse parts it has the information and game, Menu,
choices have play, resume (Esc), and quit sound of the amusement and after finishing the
principle level.

Figure 5.2 Level 1 DFD

34
5.6 Workflow Diagram
A workflow diagram portrays a progression of activities that characterize a vocation or how
function ought to be finish. A work flow diagram pictures how assignments will stream between
resources, whether they’re machines or individuals and what conditions permit the grouping to
advance. This work process can be outlined or portrayed with a flowchart using unique boxes
and diamond or it can be made with depictions of real-life objects using graphics and pictures
that represent customers, forms, finance, products, shipping, payment, and more. For software
development, a work flow diagram characterizes a progression of steps a procedure must
execute reliably. A Workflow diagram (WFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of
work through an information system, modeling its process aspects. enabled by
the systematic organization of resources into processes that transform materials, provide
services, or process information [12]. From a more abstract or higher-level perspective,
workflow may be considered a view or representation of real work.

35
Figure 5.3 Work Flow Diagram

36
5.7 Physical design
The physical design relates to the actual input and output processes of the system. This is
explained in terms of how data is input into a system, how it is verified / authenticated, how it
is processed and how it is displayed [13].

5.8 Smart Home Concept

Smart Home Technology is constantly evolving as new innovation and big investment are
bringing more advanced drones to the market every few months. People don’t have enough
time to start and stop everything manually. materials in the manufacture of the physical UAV,
to the circuit boards, chipset and software, which are the basic components of smart home
system.

5.9 Support Many OS (Cross Platform)

LabVIEW is cross Platform Graphical Language support many OS Linux, Widow, android, and
Apple LabVIEW, or Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench, is a system design
platform and development environment for graphical language programming. It is a visual
programming language from National Instruments. LabVIEW is commonly used for data
acquisition, instrument control and industrial automation on different operating systems.
Graphical programming helps build programs just by dragging and dropping virtual
representations of lab equipment. LabVIEW programming environment makes it easy to create
small applications.

37
 CHAPTER 6

6 TESTING AND IMPLIMINTATION

6.1 Introduction
Testing is the activities perform to find does the software work what is developed for. Product
can perform the functionality it is developed for and does it perform the functionality efficiently
and effectively of not. Testing is the process of finding errors and missing operations and
verification to find does the project meet the user needs or not. Testing start from planning and
then execution take place and then refining done again and again. The software system needs
to be checked for its intended behavior and direction of progress at each development stage to
avoid duplication of efforts, time and cost overruns , and to assure completion of the system
within stipulated time. System testing and quality assurance come to aid for checking the
system. It includes: A successful test is one that finds the errors. It executes the program with
explicit intention of finding error, i.e., making the program fail. It is a processof evaluating
system with an intention of creating a strong system and mainly focuses on the weak areas of
the system or software . The process of evaluation a software item to detect differences
between given input and expected output . Also to assess the feature of A software item.
Testing assesses the quality of the product. Software testing is a process that should be done
during the development process . In other words , software testing is a verification and
validation process [14].

6.1.1 Software Testing Planning

The most important and unique way to find the progress of the project as well as the developer
techniques. It provides a plan for testing the system and verifies that the system under testing
fulfills all the design and functional specifications. The test plan provides the following
information:

 Objectives of each test phase

 Approaches and tools used for testing
 Responsibilities and time required for each testing activity
 Availability of tools, facilities, and test libraries and conducting the tests
 Factors responsible for successful completion of testing
 Procedures and standards required for planning.

38
6.2 Black Box Testing
Black Box texting is the checking of functionality of the software and checking of input output
of the system developed. Black box testing, which is also known as behavioral, opaque-box,
closed-box, specification-based or eye-to-eye testing, is a Software Testing method that
analyses the functionality of a software/application without knowing much about the internal
structure/design of the item that is being tested and compares the input value with the output
value. The main focus in black box testing is on the functionality of the system as a whole. The
term ‘behavioral testing’ is also used for black box testing. Behavioral test design is slightly
different from black-box test design because the use of internal knowledge isn’t strictly
forbidden, but it’s still discouraged. Each testing method has its own advantages and
disadvantages. There are some bugs that cannot be found using the only black box or only white
box technique. Majority of the applications are tested by black box method. We need to cover
the majority of test cases so that most of the bugs will get discovered by a black-box method.
This testing occurs throughout the software development and testing life cycle i.e. in Unit,
Integration, System, Acceptance, and regression testing stages [14]. There are many types of
black box texting some are given bellow.

6.2.1 Functional Testing

This testing is using for the functionality checking which will use for the functionality of my
project. Function testing determines whether the system is functioning correctly according to
its specifications and relevant standards documentation. Functional testing typically starts with
the implementation of the system, which is very critical for the success of the system.

6.2.2 Usability Testing

To check the usability of project. Usability testing is a way to see how easy to use something is
by testing it with real users. Users are asked to complete tasks, typically while they are being
observed by a researcher, to see where they encounter problems and experience confusion. If
more people encounter similar problems, recommendations will be made to overcome these
usability issues. Usability testing refers to evaluating a product or service by testing it with
representative users. Typically, during a test, participants will try to complete typical tasks
while observers watch, listen and takes notes. The goal is to identify any usability problems,
collect qualitative and quantitative data and determine the participant's satisfaction with the

39
product. Usability testing lets the design and development teams identify problems before they
are coded. The earlier issues are identified and fixed, the less expensive the fixes will be in
terms of both staff time and possible impact to the schedule. During a usability test, you will
learn if participants are able to complete specified tasks successfully and identify how long it
takes to complete specified tasks. Find out how satisfied participants are with your Web site or
other product. Identify changes required to improve user performance and satisfaction. And
analyze the performance to see if it meets your usability objectives [15].

6.2.3 Unit Testing

Testing module one by one or one after one is called unit testing. It is performing to check the
system module so that the errors can be removed easily and from the start after every module
test the whole system are then test so that the performance can be check as a whole.

6.3 Test Case

Test case is set of validation and verification techniques inputs, execution condition, execution
step expected and required output. Test cases should be design a very high expertise because
test case are design so that it can check are important because test case are design so that it can
check every condition and every functional. Test case is a documents and it have test data pre-
condition, post condition and expected output. Test case is design for senior in which about
system everything discussed.

6.4 Full Smart Home Automation System Testing

After completing the Smart Home Automation System. For checking full System, it will show
result if all the module work successfully. Test case for this test is written bellow.

40
 Table 6.1: Smart Home Automation System
Test 1

Test Case ID: 1

Test Date : 27/10/2019
Objective: Verify does the LabVIEW start.
Project: Smart Home Automation System Using LabVIEW
Environment: LabVIEW
Pre-requisite: Run LabVIEW Code
Method
• Launch LabVIEW.
• Press Login Button.
• Press exit button.

Result
Test Passed Successfully.

41
 Table 6.2: Functionality Test

Test Case ID: 2

Test Date : 20/04/2018

Objective: Verify the functions of the system.

Project: Smart Home Automation System.

Environment: LabVIEW.

Pre-requisite: Checking All the Sensors working properly input and output.

Method
• Open LabVIEW
• Login
• Supply Power to Module.
• Give input on GUI of LabVIEW.
• Check output for specific input.
Result
Test Passed Successfully.

42
 Table 6.3: Module Testing

Test Case ID: 3

Test Date : 18/05/2019

Objective. Checking the System Modules Working Properly.

Project: Smart Home System Using LabVIEW.
Environment: LabVIEW
Pre-requisite. Supplying data to Modules and sensors Working Properly
Method
• Open LabVIEW
• Login as admin.
• Check all the Modules.
Result
Test Passed Successfully.

43
 Chapter 7

7 CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK

7.1 Conclusion
The main objective of the project is to design and implement a control and monitor
system for smart house. Smart house system consists of many systems that controlled
by LabVIEW software as the main controlling system in this paper. Also, the smart house
system is supported by remote control system as a sub controlling system. Smart Home
Automated Control System is a secure Home Automation System. Based on Arduino is
a very useful project for the elderly and physically disabl ed persons, who are not able
to do various activities efficiently when they are at home and need one ’s assistant to
perform those tasks. With the android application we can eliminate the complication of
wiring in case of wired automation can be eliminated and also it prevents to get up and
down again and again to on/off appliances. With the use of flexible and compatible
android application along with future technologies so it can be easily customized for
individual requirements. On the other hand, with this app, it provides secure access to
home. So when we are living in a fast world where everything is changing with in no
time such security is essential .

7.2 Future Work

It will be a testbed for home automation, allowing for more rooms, devices, settings to be added
onto it. The system can be extended to encompass more rooms, and multiple sensors in order
to create a profile of the room and respond accordingly. For example, the kitchen tends to be
the hottest rooms in the home when in use, while the rest of the house remains cool. The system
will be able to increase the air flow in the kitchen to regulate the temperature. By setting the
system up some of the other smaller devices in the home can all be set at the same time as well,
such as clocks. Then system can set all of the clocks in the house and can do it automatically
for things like daylight-savings time. Controlling others larger appliances can be set as well, by
connecting to the system. Turning on washers and dryers at lower peak times of the day can
reduce power consumption and bills, and the system can shut the A/C down while no one is
home and can turn it on the desired temperature when someone comes in earlier that a set time.

44
This system aims to decrease power consumption and overall money spent while still allowing
for the user to be comfortable and all the things in the house be autonomous.

45