HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

REPORT ON USAGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL APPLICATIONS

Submitted By: Raghvendra Singh Bisht

PGDM No. 19100
SDM IMD

FEBRUARY 9, 2020
[x]cube LABS
 Table of Contents

STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY ............................................................................................................... 2

TECHNOLOGY TRENDS ............................................................................................................................ 4
CHALLENGES FACED BY HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY .................................................................................. 6
TOP FIVE COMPANIES IN INDIA .............................................................................................................. 8
DIGITAL APPLICATIONS USED BY THE COMPANIES ................................................................................ 9
CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................... 14
ROAD AHEAD ........................................................................................................................................ 15
REFRENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 16

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STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION

Healthcare has become one of India’s largest sectors - both in terms of revenue and
employment. Healthcare comprises hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing,
telemedicine, medical tourism, health insurance and medical equipment. The Indian healthcare
sector is growing at a brisk pace due to its strengthening coverage, services and increasing
expenditure by public as well private players.
Indian healthcare delivery system is categorised into two major components - public and
private. The Government, i.e. public healthcare system comprises limited secondary and
tertiary care institutions in key cities and focuses on providing basic healthcare facilities in the
form of primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in rural areas. The private sector provides majority
of secondary, tertiary and quaternary care institutions with a major concentration in metros,
tier I and tier II cities.
India's competitive advantage lies in its large pool of well-trained medical professionals. India
is also cost competitive compared to its peers in Asia and Western countries. The cost of
surgery in India is about one-tenth of that in the US or Western Europe. India ranks 145th
among 195 countries in terms of quality and accessibility of healthcare.

MARKET SIZE
The healthcare market can increase three-fold to Rs 8.6 trillion (US$ 133.44 billion) by 2022.
Indian medical tourism market is growing at the rate of 18 per cent year on year and is expected
to reach US$ 9 billion by 2020. There is a significant scope for enhancing healthcare services
considering that healthcare spending as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is
rising. The government’s expenditure on the health sector has grown to 1.4 per cent in FY18E
from 1.2 per cent in FY14. The Government of India is planning to increase public health
spending to 2.5 per cent of the country's GDP by 2025.
Health insurance is gaining momentum in India. Gross direct premium income underwritten
by health insurance grew 18.2 per cent y-o-y to Rs 24,864.01 crore (US$ 3.56 billion) in FY20
(up to September 2019).

INVESTMENT

The hospital and diagnostic centres attracted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) worth US$ 6.34
billion between April 2000 and June 2019, according to data released by the Department of
Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). Some of the recent investments in the Indian
healthcare industry are as follows:

 The value of merger and acquisition (M&A) deals in hospital sector jumped by record
155 percent at Rs 7,615 crore (US$ 1.09 billion) in FY19.

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  In August 2019, Microsoft India and Apollo Hospitals Group entered in agreement to
set up a National Clinical Coordination Committee for AI-powered Cardiovascular
Disease Risk Score API.
 In January 2019, National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) approved Tri-County
Premier Hearing Services Inc’s plan to acquire Bhilai Scan and Research Pvt Ltd (BSR)
Diagnostics Ltd for Rs 67 crore (US$ 9.29 million).
 Healthcare sector in India witnessed 23 deals worth US$ 679 million in H12018.
 India and Cuba have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to increase
cooperation in the areas of health and medicine, according to Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare, Government of India.
 Fortis Healthcare has approved the de-merger of its hospital business with Manipal
Hospital Enterprises. TPG and Ranjan Pal could invest Rs. 3,900 crores (US$ 602.41
million) in Manipal Hospital Enterprise.

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

Some of the major initiatives taken by the Government of India to promote Indian healthcare
industry are as follows:

 The Government of India aims to increase healthcare spending to three percent of the
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2022.
 In February 2019, the Government of India established new All India Institute of
Medical Sciences (AIIMS) at Manethi, District Rewari, Haryana at a cost of Rs 1,299
crore (US$ 180.04 million).
 The Union Cabinet approved setting up of National Nutrition Mission (NNM) with a
three-year budget of Rs 9,046 crore (US$ 1.29 billion) to monitor, supervise, fix targets
and guide the nutrition related interventions across ministries.
 On September 23, 2018, Government of India launched Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya
Yojana (PMJAY), to provide health insurance worth Rs 500,000 (US$ 7,124.54) to
over 100 million families every year.
 In August 2018, the Government of India has approved Ayushman Bharat-National
Health Protection Mission as a centrally Sponsored Scheme contributed by both centre
and state government at a ratio of 60:40 for all States, 90:10 for hilly North Eastern
States and 60:40 for Union Territories with legislature. The centre will contribute 100
per cent for Union Territories without legislature.
 The Government of India has launched Mission Indra Dhanush with the aim of
improving coverage of immunisation in the country. It aims to achieve at least 90 per
cent immunisation coverage by December 2018 which will cover unvaccinated and
partially vaccinated children in rural and urban areas of India.

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ACHIEVEMENTS

Following are the achievements of the government in the year 2017:

 As of July 2019, around 125.7 million families have enrolled as beneficiaries under
Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY). The scheme has enrolled 16,085
hospitals, including 8,059 private hospitals and 7,980 public hospitals. It to include 19
Ayush packages in the treatment scheme.
 As of September 2019, about 50 lakh people have received free treatment under the
Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana.
 The number medical colleges in India increased to 529 in FY19 from 381 in FY13.
 According to Sample Registration System Bulletin-2016, India has registered a 26.9
per cent reduction in Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) since 2013.

TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

AI AND MACHINE LEARNING

As the world population continues to grow, and age, artificial intelligence, and machine
learning offer new and better ways to identify disease, diagnose conditions, crowdsource and
develop treatment plans, monitor health epidemics, create efficiencies in medical research and
clinical trials, and make operations more efficient to handle the increased demands on the
healthcare system. By 2020, medical data will double every 73 days. McKinsey estimates that
there could be $100 billion in annual savings for medicine and pharma by leaning on big data
as well as the artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to process it. Artificial
intelligence algorithms powered by recent advances in computational power learn from the
data and can predict the probability of a condition to help doctors provide a diagnosis and

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treatment plans. Ultimately, AI and machine learning can assist with many clinical problems if
governing and regulatory bodies can determine how to regulate the use of algorithms in
healthcare.
ROBOTICS

When it comes to life or death, would you trust a robot with yours? Currently, collaborative
robots—such as the da Vinci surgical robot— are already assisting humans with tasks in the
operating room. However, the potential for robots in healthcare expands beyond surgical uses.
With tremendous growth expected in the industry—the global medical robotics market is
expected to reach $20 billion by 2023—there’s no doubt that robots used in healthcare will
continue to conduct more varied tasks. These already include helping doctors examine and treat
patients in rural areas via “telepresence," transporting medical supplies, disinfecting hospital
rooms, helping patients with rehabilitation or with prosthetics, and automating labs and
packaging medical devices. Other medical robots that are promising include a micro-bot that
can target therapy to a specific part of the body, such as radiation to a tumour or clear bacterial
infections.

GENOMICS

Artificial intelligence and machine learning help advance genomic medicine—when a person's
genomic info is used to determine personalized treatment plans and clinical care. In
pharmacology, oncology, infectious diseases, and more, genomic medicine is making an
impact. Computers make the analysis of genes and gene mutations that cause medical
conditions much quicker. This helps the medical community better understand how diseases
occur, but also how to treat the condition or even eradicate it. There are many research projects
in place covering such medical conditions as organ transplant rejection, cystic fibrosis, and
cancers to determine how best to treat these conditions through personalized medicine.
EXTENDED REALITY (VIRTUAL, AUGMENTED AND MIXED REALITY)

Extended reality is not just for entertainment; it’s being used for important purposes in
healthcare. The VR/AR healthcare market should reach $5.1 billion by 2025. Not only is this
technology extremely beneficial for training and surgery simulation, but it's also playing an
important part in patient care and treatment. Virtual reality has helped patients with visual
impairment, depression, cancer, and autism. Augmented reality helps provide another layer of
support for healthcare practitioners and aided physicians during brain surgery and reconnecting
blood vessels. In mixed reality, the virtual and real worlds are intertwined, so it provides
important education capabilities for medical professionals as well as to help patients understand
their conditions or treatment plans.
DIGITAL TWINS

A digital twin is a near real-time replica of something in the physical world—in healthcare,
that replica is the life-long data record of an individual. Digital twins can assist a doctor in
determining the possibilities for a successful outcome of a procedure, help make therapy

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decisions, and manage chronic diseases. Ultimately, digital twins can help improve patient
experience through effective, patient-centric care. The use of digital twins in healthcare is still
in its early stages, but its potential is extraordinary.
COMPUTER AND MACHNE VISION

Training computers to "see" the world and understand visual input is no small feat. Since there
has been significant progress in machine vision, there are more ways computers and machine
vision are being used in medicine for diagnostics, viewing scans and medical images, surgery,
and more. Machine vision is helping doctors definitively know how much blood a woman loses
in childbirth so that appropriate care can be given to reduce the mortality of mothers from post-
partum haemorrhaging. Computers provide accurate intel, while previously this was a guessing
game. The applications where computers are being used to view CT scans to detect
neurological and cardiovascular illnesses and spot tumours in X-ray images are growing
rapidly.
WEARABLE TECH

Wearable fitness technology can do much more than tell you how many steps you walk each
day. With more than 80% of people willing to wear wearable tech, there are tremendous
opportunities to use these devices for healthcare. Today's smartwatches can not only track your
steps but can monitor your heart rhythms. Other forms of wearable devices are ECG monitors
that can detect atrial fibrillation and send reports to your doctor, blood pressure monitors, self-
adhesive biosensor patches that track your temperature, heart rate, and more. Wearable tech
will help consumers proactively get health support if there are anomalies in their trackers.

CHALLENGES FACED BY HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY

1. INFORMATION AND INTEGRATED HEALTH SERVICES

Many companies lack advanced architecture and data management systems to manage data
collected from multiple sources. The problem is use of relational databases that cannot
efficiently manage unstructured data collected from multiple sources, means the value of
the information they are getting is not absolute.

2. CYBERSECURITY

Connected medical devices and a greater need to keep the records of patient information
attract the attention of malicious hackers to healthcare providers. These attacks call for a
robust system for cybersecurity in healthcare, which could prevent data theft and loss of
information and customer’s conviction.

3. RISING HEALTHCARE COSTS

The cost crisis in healthcare is not new. There are many stakeholders who play a key role
in determining the cost of healthcare services, ranging from device manufacturers role in
determining the cost of healthcare services, ranging from device manufacturers to medical
drug manufacturing companies and payers to insurance policy providers. The rising cost of

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 healthcare directly impacts the revenue of the healthcare companies, as increased cost
discourages patients in many ways, from taking lab tests to doing regular follow-ups post
visit, which ultimately leads to poor patient outcome.

4. PAYMENT PROCESSING AND INVOICING

According to the KF health tracking poll, although most of the people confirmed that they
can afford their treatment, but one out of four faced difficulty in affording their medicine.

5. HEALTHCARE REGULATORY CHANGES

Regulatory challenges affect healthcare companies in two ways: one is it drives up the cost
of healthcare services and second is it creates confusion among the general public, which
is required to be addressed in a precise and proper manner to avoid lawsuits.

6. PRESSURE ON PHARMACEUTICAL PRICES

Increase in prescription prices has led to the slow growth of prescription spending. Rise in
pharmacy prescription prices is one of the major healthcare challenges for both healthcare
enterprise and patients. According to Michael Rea, CEO of the Rx saving solutions,” the
reason it can keep happening is there is no market check, no person or entity to bring reason
to determining drug prices.”

7. EXTERNAL MARKET DISRUPTION

There are many external forces that have made tentative inroads into healthcare, causing
disruptive innovation in healthcare. Increased use of smartphones and the rise of mobile
apps and ecommerce platforms have drastically changed the way businesses interact with

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 their customers. Healthcare consumers are no different. In fact, they are emotionally and
physically vulnerable and so more sensitive to the quality of services.

8. THE OPIOID CRISIS

Misuse of prescription drugs is gradually gaining recognition. It is important that healthcare

enterprises and pharmaceutical companies come together to propagate tighter laws and restrict
the misuse of prescription drugs by the general public. Although, there is still lack of consensus
or regulatory body that checks the use of opioids, a class of drugs which is available legally by
prescription and is harmful for health taken in excess.

TOP FIVE COMPANIES IN INDIA

1. Apollo Hospitals Enterprises Ltd

It is an Indian hospital chain based in Chennai, India. Apollo Hospitals was founded in the
year 1983. Its products are Hospitals, pharmacy and Diagnostic centre. Apollo Hospital is
India’s leading corporate hospital and pioneer in private healthcare revolution in the
country. The group has medicine units across various countries.

2. Aster DM Healthcare Ltd

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 One of the leading healthcare companies in India, Aster DM Healthcare was founded in
1987. It is headquartered in Dubai. The company operates hospitals, clinics, diagnostics
centres, medical centres, and pharmacies in the middle east, India and the Philippines.

3. Dr Lal Path Labs Ltd

Dr Lal Path labs Ltd was founded in the year 1949 and is headquartered in Delhi, India.
The company is an international service provider of diagnostic and related healthcare tests
and services. The company is running various laboratories at present. The company offers
a vast range of tests and other health check-ups as well. The company is one the top and
well-known healthcare companies of India.

4. Fortis Healthcare Ltd

Fortis Healthcare Ltd was founded in the year 2001 by Malvinder Mohan Singh. It is chain
of specialist hospitals in India having branches in all top cities. It has many healthcare
verticals including day care specialty facilities and others. The company operates through
the Clinical Establishments Division and Medical services Division. The company operates
in healthcare delivery services in India, Dubai, Mauritius Sri Lanka.

5. HealthCare Global Enterprises Ltd

HealthCare Global Enterprises Ltd is engaged in managing cancer hospitals, cancer centres
and medical diagnostic services, including scientific testing and consultancy services in
pharmaceutical and medical sector. The company is also involved in retail sale of
pharmaceuticals, medical and orthopaedic goods and toilet articles.

The company operates cancer care network under the HCG brand. The company offers
cancer diagnosis & treatment services through radiation therapy, medical oncology, and
surgery, and fertility treatment services, as well as reproductive medicine services.

DIGITAL APPLICATIONS USED BY THE COMPANIES

 Apollo Hospitals Enterprises Ltd

Telemedicine: Apollo creates access to healthcare in remote areas by setting up a hub-and-

spoke telemedicine model in which doctors in cities consult patients in far-off locations over
the internet. With 115 telemedicine centres, Apollo operates one of India’s largest telemedicine
networks to ensure last-mile-delivery of critical healthcare services. To further extend its reach,
Apollo is collaborating with the government to connect 60,000 frontline health workers across
India to specialists.
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Disease Management: Apollo uses IoT to empower patients to manage their health once they
leave the hospital. For instance: SUGAR, a diabetes management initiative, enables constant
monitoring of blood sugar levels using IoT-enabled technology that also creates personal health
records, which patients can share with clinicians through the system to get expert advice on
managing their sugar levels.

Apollo Health Hiway: Apollo’s National Health Data Network connects 200,000 doctors to
each other to map changing disease patterns, alert the medical community about emerging
health problems, and make more informed decisions.

Patient Mantra: When patients come in for tests, a patient tracking and monitoring system
based on RFID and IoT enables the hospital to manage the flow of patients through various
departments, saving patients time that was previously spent waiting for a procedure to take
place, and allowing the facility to serve more patients each day, due to added efficiency.

Remote ICU monitoring systems: Apollo’s e-ICU network virtually connects all of its ICUs
such that a team of experts can constantly monitor critical patients in distant facilities and
suggest treatment procedures after assessing medical history and real-time heart rates of
patients fighting for their lives.

RFID-IoT: Using an RFID-IoT-based patient tracking system, Apollo hospitals manage daily
bottlenecks and maximize utilization across different departments by seamlessly moving ~250
patients through a series of up to 26 diagnostic procedures daily.

Unique Hospital Identification (UHID): UHID ensures patients across India have a single
electronic instance of their health records, which can also be integrated into wearable medical
devices. UHID combined with IoT substantially speeds up diagnosis and treatment since
doctors can now access radiology and CT scan reports anywhere through tablets or
smartphones and provide suggestions to the care teams.

 Aster DM Healthcare Ltd

Aster DM Healthcare, the healthcare conglomerate has launched an advanced

technology for chronic disease (Diabetes and Hypertension) patients, as a part of
its innovative remote monitoring programme called Aster Chronic Care.
Envisioned to deliver a personalised healthcare solution that will strengthen
continuum of care by ensuring compliance to disease management regime and
minimising complications associated with the conditions. The technology would
function through the introduction of smart monitoring devices for blood glucose
and blood pressure. The readings or data captured by the devices would be
automatically updated to a mobile application on the patient’s phone and health

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records maintained by the care provider. These hea lth interpretations readings will
be closely monitored by trained nurses and paramedics through a contact centre.

In case of fluctuations in the reading patterns, the patient would receive direct calls
from Aster care specialists. The new service is based on the international concept
of improving chronic disease care through regular monitoring and constant
communication about disease management from the care provider to the patient.

 Dr Lal Path Labs Ltd

Ion Torrent proton, OneTouchES_OneTouch2: Ion torrent platform is

recognized as the worlds’ first Postlight sequencing technology. Instead of using
light as an intermediary, Ion Torrent technology creates a new semiconductor chip -
with high-density of micro-machined wells to perform biochemical process in a
massively parallel way.

Quant studio 6 Flex Real-time PCR System: The applied biosystems quant studio 6 flex
system is ideal for laboratories with multiple applications. It is an ideal qPCR platform to
accommodate changing future needs. It is majorly used for Gene expression, SNP genotyping,
copy number variation.

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Rotor Gene Q: Rotor-Gene Q, real-time PCR cycler, combines multiple optimized design
features to provide the outstanding performance and reliable results in diagnostics. It is used
for Amplification of the Target Gene Sequences.

VERITI-Thermal cycler: The applied Biosystems Veriti Cycler delivers the proven reliability
you expect from Applied Biosystems PCR instruments. The veriflex temperature control
technology inside makes it possible to run up to 6 different temperatures in the same protocol
step, providing precise control over your PCR optimization.

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 Fortis Healthcare Ltd
Centralized IT support: Fortis needed a partner that could handle around-the-clock health
monitoring of critical servers, network equipment, multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) links,
operating systems and business application systems.
IBM worked with Fortis to develop standard operating procedures for tasks related to multi-
vendor IT support to help ensure that all issues are handled according to a clear, established
protocol. Along with resources for basic IT support issues, senior network and server technical
specialists are on hand to help resolve more complex technical problems as quickly as possible.

Increasing role of HIMS: In today’s overcrowded hospitals, an efficient Hospital Information

Management System (HIMS) is a must for managing all aspects of hospital management. The
HIMS systems ensure that the healthcare professionals at the hospital have real-time access to
the right information and there is automation in many of the routine tasks. A wide range of
hospital management and administration process are covered under the HIMS.

Clinical Next Generation sequencing (NGS): Adoption of Clinical Next Generation

Sequencing (NGS) applications will drive the re-evaluation of access, privacy, and data
retention policies. “Data from medical records is being crunched at a much higher speed than
ever before. This is enabling the doctors to provide a better diagnosis and treatment to the
patients, stay updated on the emerging trends and provide a holistic approach to a certain case.
Data crunching at such scale is also helping the medical world to cross reference between
patients from different age groups and demographics.

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Telemedicine for better collaboration: Technology continues to be one of the key focus areas
of various super-specialty hospitals. Fortis Healthcare has invested in developing an effective
IT backbone and recently the company began the implementation of ‘Project F1’, which is a
popular Oracle-based ERP system. The Fortis Escorts Heart Institute (FEHI), New Delhi, has
deployed electronic intensive care unit (e-ICU) that blends critical care skills, technology and
innovation to deliver 24×7 intensive care to patients in remote locations.

 HealthCare Global Enterprises Ltd

Comprehensive cancer centres: A comprehensive cancer centre is a centre which offers
complete diagnosis and treatment (radiation, surgical and medical oncology) services under
one a single roof. A network of comprehensive cancer centres helps leverage expertise and
capabilities of teams of specialist physician across different disciplines and helps deliver
quality cancer care across modalities to patients in different regions.
Our network of comprehensive cancer centres helps leverage this expertise and capabilities of
our doctors and most advanced technologies thereby making high quality cancer care possible.
Hub-and-spoke Model: Our unique hub-and-spoke model helps us to create an integrated
approach to cancer care. We can successfully reach thousands of patients across India through
our spokes located in smaller cities and Tier 2/3 towns. Our Centre of Excellence in Bangalore
serves as the hub, which provides access to centralized quality control and assurance services,
establish treatment protocols across the network, provides centralized treatment planning
services and tele-radiology services and provides access to advanced technologies and
specialized procedures. This allows our network to effectively leverage the expertise and
capabilities of our hub and maximize efficiencies and quality of care across our network.

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATIONS

 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Office of the National Coordinator for
Health Information Technology should collaborate to regulate, certify, and monitor health
care applications and systems that integrate medical devices and health information
technologies. As part of the certification process, the agencies should require evidence that
manufacturers have followed existing accessibility and usability guidelines and have
applied user-centred design and validation methods during development of the product.
 The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, in
collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality, should establish design guidelines and standards, based
on existing accessibility and usability guidelines, for content, accessibility, functionality,
and usability of consumer health information technologies related to home-based health
care.
 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should promote development (by standards
development organizations, such as the International Electrotechnical Commission, the
International Organization for Standardization, the American National Standards Institute,

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 and the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation) of new standards
based on the most recent human factors research for the labelling of and ensuing
instructional materials for medical devices designed for home use by lay users. The FDA
should also tailor and streamline its approval processes to facilitate and encourage regular
improvements of these materials by manufacturers.
 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration should improve its adverse event reporting
systems to be easier to use, to collect data that are more useful for identifying the root
causes of events related to interactions with the device operator, and to develop and
promote a more convenient way for lay users as well as professionals to report problems
with medical devices.
 Relevant professional practice and advocacy groups should develop appropriate
certification, credentialing, and/or training standards that will prepare formal caregivers to
provide care in the home, develop appropriate informational and training materials for
informal caregivers, and provide guidance for all caregivers to work effectively with other
people involved.
 The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality should support human factors–based
research on the identified barriers to coordination of health care services delivered in the
home and support user-centred development and evaluation of programs that may
overcome these barriers.
 Federal health agencies should coordinate data collection efforts to capture comprehensive
information on elements relevant to health care in the home, either in a single survey or
through effective use of common elements across surveys. The surveys should collect data
on the sociodemographic and health characteristics of individuals receiving care in the
home, the sociodemographic attributes of formal and informal caregivers and the nature of
the caregiving they provide, and the attributes of the residential settings in which the care
recipients live.

ROAD AHEAD

India is a land full of opportunities for players in the medical devices industry. India’s
healthcare industry is one of the fastest growing sectors and it is expected to reach $280 billion
by 2020. The country has also become one of the leading destinations for high-end diagnostic
services with tremendous capital investment for advanced diagnostic facilities, thus catering to
a greater proportion of population. Besides, Indian medical service consumers have become
more conscious towards their healthcare upkeep.
Indian healthcare sector is much diversified and is full of opportunities in every segment which
includes providers, payers and medical technology. With the increase in the competition,
businesses are looking to explore for the latest dynamics and trends which will have positive
impact on their business. The hospital industry in India is forecasted to increase to Rs 8.6
trillion (US$ 132.84 billion) by FY22 from Rs 4 trillion (US$ 61.79 billion) in FY17 at a CAGR
of 16-17 per cent.

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The Government of India is planning to increase public health spending to 2.5 per cent of the
country's GDP by 2025.
India's competitive advantage also lies in the increased success rate of Indian companies in
getting Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) approvals. India also offers vast
opportunities in R&D as well as medical tourism. To sum up, there are vast opportunities for
investment in healthcare infrastructure in both urban and rural India.

REFRENCES

https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2019/11/01/the-9-biggest-technology-trends-that-will-
transform-medicine-and-healthcare-in-2020/#35d52aab72cd

https://www.ibef.org/industry/healthcare-india.aspx

https://www.expresscomputer.in/magazine/the-era-of-digital-healing/12805/

https://www.fundoodata.com/learning-center/top-10-healthcare-companies-india/

https://medium.com/@MailMyStatement/5-major-challenges-facing-the-healthcare-industry-in-
2019-60218336385f

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