Scribd
Upload
178 views1 page

CheatSheet Python 4 - Classes PDF

Classes allow programmers to create templates called classes that define attributes and behaviors common to all instances of that class. Instances are concrete implementations of a class that have fixed attribute values. The self argument specifies the instance being accessed or modified by a method. Programmers can dynamically create classes to logically group complex data types and their associated behaviors.

Uploaded by

SohamRoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
178 views1 page

CheatSheet Python 4 - Classes PDF

Classes allow programmers to create templates called classes that define attributes and behaviors common to all instances of that class. Instances are concrete implementations of a class that have fixed attribute values. The self argument specifies the instance being accessed or modified by a method. Programmers can dynamically create classes to logically group complex data types and their associated behaviors.

Uploaded by

SohamRoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

Python Cheat Sheet: Classes 

“​A puzzle a day to learn, code, and play​” → Visit ​finxter.com 


  Description  Example 

Classes  A class encapsulates data and functionality: data as  class​ ​Dog​:
attributes, and functionality as methods. It is a blueprint  """ Blueprint of a dog """
for creating concrete instances in memory.  
# class variable shared by all instances
species = [​"canis lupus"​]

def​ ​__init__​(self, name, color)​:


self.name = name
self.state = ​"sleeping"
self.color = color

def​ ​command​(self, x)​:


if​ x == self.name:
self.bark(​2​)
elif​ x == ​"sit"​:
Instance  You are an instance of the class human. An instance is a  self.state = " ​ sit"
concrete implementation of a class: all attributes of an  else​:
instance have a fixed value. Your hair is blond, brown, or  self.state = " ​ wag tail"
black--but never unspecified. 
  def​ ​bark​(self, freq)​:
Each instance has its own attributes independent of  for​ i ​in​ range(freq):
other instances. Yet, class variables are different. These  print(​"["​ + self.name
are data values associated with the class, not the  + ​"]: Woof!"​)
instances. Hence, all instance share the same class 
variable ​species ​in the example. 
​ black"​)
bello = Dog(​"bello"​, "
Self  The first argument when defining any method is always  alice = Dog(​"alice"​, "​ white"​)
the ​self ​argument. This argument specifies the 
​ black
print(bello.color) #
instance on which you call the method. 
  print(alice.color) #​ white
self ​gives the Python interpreter the information about 
the concrete instance. To ​define ​a method, you use s ​ elf bello.bark(​1​) ​# [bello]: Woof!
​ n instance 
to modify the instance attributes. But to ​call a
method, you do not need to specify ​self​.  alice.command(​"sit"​)
print(​"[alice]: "​ + alice.state)
Creation  You can create classes “on the fly” and use them as  # [alice]: sit
logical units to store complex data types. 
  bello.command(​"no"​)
class​ ​Employee()​: print(​"[bello]: "​ + bello.state)
pass # [bello]: wag tail
employee = Employee()
employee.salary = ​122000 alice.command(​"alice"​)
employee.firstname = ​"alice" # [alice]: Woof!
employee.lastname = ​"wonderland" # [alice]: Woof!

print(employee.firstname + ​" " bello.species += [​"wulf"​]


+ employee.lastname + ​" " print(len(bello.species)
+ str(employee.salary) + ​"$"​) == len(alice.species)) ​# True (!)
# alice wonderland 122000$ 

You might also like