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Unit-X: Economic Botany

Chapter-10. Economically Useful Plants and Entrepreneurial Botany
Book back Answers
I.One mark questions:-
1. Consider the following statements and choose the right option.
i) Cereals are members of grass family.
ii) Most of the food grains come from monocotyledon.
a) (i) is correct and (ii) is wrong b) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
c) (i) is wrong and (ii) is correct d) Both (i) and (ii) are wrong
2. Assertion: Vegetables are important part of healthy eating.
Reason: Vegetables are succulent structures of plants with pleasant aroma and flavours.
a) Assertion is correct, Reason is wrong b) Assertion is wrong, Reason is correct
c) Both are correct and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
d) Both are correct and reason is not the correct explanation for assertion.
3. Groundnut is native of _____________
a) Philippines b) India c) North America d) Brazil
4. Statement A: Coffee contains caffeine
Statement B: Drinking coffee enhances cancer
a) A is correct, B is wrong b) A and B – Both are correct c) A is wrong, B is correct d) A and B – Both are wrong
5. Tectona grandis is coming under family
a) Lamiaceae b) Fabaceae c) Dipterocaipaceae d) Ebenaceae
6. Tamarindus indica is indigenous to
a) Tropical African region b) South India, Sri Lanka c) South America, Greece d) India alone
7. New world species of cotton
a) Gossipium arboretum b) G.herbaceum c) Both a and b d) G.barbadense
8. Assertion: Turmeric fights various kinds of cancer
Reason: Curcumin is an anti-oxidant present in turmeric
a) Assertion is correct, Reason is wrong b) Assertion is wrong, Reason is correct
c) Both are correct d) Both are wrong
9. Find out the correctly matched pair.
a) Rubber - Shorea robusta b) Dye - Lawsonia inermis c) Timber - Cyperus papyrus d) Pulp - Hevea brasiliensis
10. Observe the following statements and pick out the right option from the following:
Statement I – Perfumes are manufactured from essential oils.
Statement II – Essential oils are formed at different parts of the plants.
a) Statement I is correct b) Statement II is correct c) Both statements are correct d) Both statements are wrong
11. Observe the following statements and pick out the right option from the following:
Statement I: The drug sources of Siddha include plants, animal parts, ores and minerals.
Statement II: Minerals are used for preparing drugs with long shelf-life.
a) Statement I is correct b) Statement II is correct c) Both statements are correct d) Both statements are wrong
12. The active principle trans-tetra hydro canabial is present in
a) Opium b) Curcuma c) Marijuana d) Andrographis
13. Which one of the following matches is correct?
a) Palmyra - Native of Brazil b) Saccharun - Abundant in Kanyakumari
c) Steveocide - Natural sweetener d) Palmyra sap - Fermented to give ethanol
14. The only cereal that has originated and domesticated from the New world.
a) Oryza sativa b)Triticum asetumn c) Triticum duram d) Zea mays

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II.Two, Three, Five Mark Questions:-

15. Write the cosmetic uses of Aloe.
1.Used as a skin tonic
2.Used for Cream, lotion, shampoo preparation
3.It is a antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antiseptic.
16. What is pseudo cereal? Give an example.
(i)The term pseudo-cereal is used to describe foods that are prepared and eaten as a whole grain (except grass
Family plants)
(ii)Example: Chenopodium quinoa.
17. Discuss which wood is better for making furniture.
1.Teak (Tectona grandis) is the one of the best timber in the world.
2.It posses durability against termites and fungi.
3.This wood does not split and crack so it is a carpenter friendly wood.
4.It is used in railway wagon, bridge and ship construction work.
5.So, Teak is the best wood for furniture making.
18. A person got irritation while applying chemical dye. What would be your suggestion for alternative?
1.Chemical dyes are causes skin allergy and skin diseases.
2.Henna is a natural dye extracted from Lawsonia inermis (kUjhzp)
3.It is harmless and no irritation to the skin. So, It is a good alternate source for chemical dyes.
19. Name the humors that are responsible for the health of human beings.
The following three humors are responsible for the health of human beings. Such as..
1.Vatam (thjk;) 2.Pittam (gpj;jk;;) 3.Kapam (fgk;).
20. Give definitions for organic farming?
1.The main concept of the organic farming is Back to the Nature.
2.It is an alternative agricultural system in which plants and crops are cultivated in natural ways.
3.By using biological inputs to maintain the soil fertility.
21. Which is called as the “King of Bitters”? Mention their medicinal importance.
1.Nilavembu (epyNtk;G) is called as The King of Bitters (Andrographis paniculata).
2.It is used to treat liver disorders
3.It is effectively used to treat malaria and dengue fever.
22. Differentiate bio-medicines and botanical medicines.
Bio-Medicines:
Medicinally useful molecules obtained from plants that are marketed as drugs are called Biomedicines.
Botanical Medicines:
Medicinal plants which are marketed as powders or in other modified forms are known as
Botanical medicines.
23. Write the origin and area of cultivation of green gram and red gram.

Common Name Botanical Name Origin Area of Cultivation Uses

1.Red gram or South Andhra, Karnataka, 1.Used in Sambar Prepartion.
Pigeon Pea Cajanus cajan India Maharashtra 2.Used as a Snacks
(Jtiu)
2.Green Gram Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, 1.Used in Pongal Prepartion.
(ghrpg;gUg;G) Vigna radiata India Madhya Pradesh 2.Used as a Snacks
3.Used as a Cosmetics

24. What are Millets? What are its types? Give example for each type.
1.It is a variety of very small seeds originally cultivated by ancient peoples of Africa and Asia.
2.Types and examples of Millets: Finger Millet - Ragi, Foxtail Millet - Thinai, Kodo Millet - Varagu.

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25. If a person drinks a cup of coffee daily it will help him for his health. Is this correct?
If it is correct, list out the benefits.
(i)Yes, it is correct. Caffeine enhances release of acetylcholine in brain. Which is turn enchances efficiency.
(ii)It may reduce the risk of liver diseases, cancer and type 2 diabetes.
So, drinking a cup of coffee in our daily life it will be helpful for our health.
26. Enumerate the uses of turmeric.
1.Turmeric is used in colouring agent in food industry and pharmacy.
2.It is important constituent of curry powders.
3.It is also used for dyeing leather, fibre, paper and toys.
4.Curcumin is extracted from turmeric. It is a anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral medicine.
5.It is a very good anti-oxidant which help to fight various kinds of cancer.
27. What is TSM? How does it classified and what does it focuses on?
Meaning of TSM:
TSM means Traditional system of Medicines. India has a rich medicinal heritage.
Classification of TSM:
In India TSM is classified into two types such as…
(i) Institutionalized or Documented method (ii) Non-institutionalized or Oral method
Focus of TSM:
The TSM focus on healthy life style and healthy diet for maintaining good health and disease reversal.
28. Write the uses of nuts you have studied.
1.Cashews nuts are commonly used in sweets and curries.
2.Roasted and raw kernels are used as snacks.
29. Give an account on the role of Jasminum in perfuming.
1.Jasmine flowers have been used since ancient times in India for worship.
2.It is a fumigant as well as making perfumed hair oils, cosmetics and soaps.
3.It has anti-depression qualities.
4.It is popular in air freshner.
5.It is used in talcum powders, shampoos and deodorants.
30. Give an account of active principle and medicinal values of any two plants you have studied.
Common Name Botanical Family Active principle Medicinal value
Name
1.Keezhanelli Phyllanthus Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthin 1.Cure Jaundice
(fPohney;yp) amarus 2.Effective against
Hepatitis B virus
2.Nilavembu Andrographis Acanthaceae Andrographolides 1.Used to treat liver disorders
(King of Bitters) paniculata 2.Used to treat malaria and
(epyNtk;G) dengue fever.

31. Write the economic importance of rice.

1.Rice is the easily digestible and calorie rich food
2.Rice is a staple food in Southern and North East India.
3.Various rice product such as flaked rice (Aval), puffed rice (Pori) are used as a breakfast in India.
4.Rice bran oil is used in various industries.
5.Husks are used as a fuel and good source for making cattle feed and fertilizer.

32. Which TSM is widely practiced and culturally accepted in Tamil Nadu? - explain.
Siddha is the most popular, widely practiced and culturally accepted system in Tamil Nadu.
Siddha system of medicine:
1.It is based on the texts written by 18 Siddhars.
2.Siddha is principally based on Panchabudha (gQ;rG+jj;jj;Jtk;) philosophy.
3.This system working based on Vatam, Pittam and Kapam (thjk;,gpj;jk;,fgk;).
4.The drug sources of Siddha is Plants and Animal parts.
5.800 different herbs are used as a drug for this system.
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33. What are psychoactive drugs? Add a note Marijuana and Opium.
Some of the plants alter and individual’s perceptions of mind by producing hallucination are know as
psychoactive drugs.
Psychoactive Drugs
S.No. Common Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Name Cultivation
1. Opium poppy Papaver Papaveraceae South Madhya Pradesh, 1.Pain killer
(mgpd;/frfrh) somniferum Eastern Uttar Pradesh 2.Used in
(Morphine) Europe Surgery
1.Reduce
2. Cannabis or Cannabis sativa Cannabiaceae China Madhya Pradesh, hypertension
Marijuana (Trans- Uttar Pradesh 2.Treating in
(fQ;rhnrb) tetrahydrocanab Glucoma and
inal –THC) Chemotherapy

34. What are the King and Queen of spices? Explain about them and their uses.

Spices
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1. Used in
1. Black Pepper Sauces and
(King of Spices and Piper nigrum Piperaceae Western Kerala, Soup
Black Gold of India) Ghats Karnataka, preparation
(fUkpsF) Tamil Nadu, 2.Pickle and
Curry powder
manufacturing
1.Bakery and
2. Cardamom Elettaria Zingiberaceae Sri Lanka Western Beverage
(Queen of Spices) cardamomum Ghats industry
(Vyf;fha;) 2.Mouth
freshener

35. How will you prepare an organic pesticide for your home garden with the vegetables available from
Your kitchen?
Preparation of organic pesticide:
Hot chilles 120 gm and Garlic/Onion 110gm

Blend the Vegetables together ot form a thick paste

Add vegetable paste with 500 warm water

Pour the solution into a glass container

Leave it undisturbed for 24 hours

Pour the Pesticide into spray bottle

Spary the pesticide into infected plants for every 4 to 5 days

After 3 to 4 treatments pest will be eliminated.

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One Mark Answers:

1. b) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
2. a) Assertion is correct, Reason is wrong
3. d) Brazil
4. a) A is correct, B is wrong
5. a) Lamiaceae
6. a) Tropical African region
7. d) G.barbadense
8. c) Both are correct
9. b) Dye - Lawsonia inermis
10. c) Both statements are correct
11. c) Both statements are correct
12. c) Marijuana
13. c) Steveocide - Natural sweetener
14. d) Zea mays

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1.Major Cereals
S.No. Common Name Botanical Name Origin Area of Cultivation Uses
1.Flaked rice (Aval)
1. Rice or Paddy Oryza sativa South China, India, 2.Puffed or
(ney;) East Asia Thailand Parched rice (Pori)
3.Rice bran oil
4.Husks
Fertile Punjab, Haryana, 1.Bakery Products
2. Wheat Triticum aestivum Crescent Rajasthan 2.Parota
(NfhJik) Region 3.Alcoholic Beverages

2.Millets (Siru Thaniyangal)

S.No. Common Name Botanical Name Origin Uses
1.Staple food
1. Finger Millet – Ragi Elusine coracana East Africa 2.Nutrient drink
(Nfo;tuF) 3.Fermented beverages
1.Birds, Pigs, Cattle Feed
2. Sorghum (Nrhsk;) Sorghum vulgare Africa 2.Alcoholic Beverages

3.Minor Millets
S.No. Common Name Botanical Name Origin Uses
1.Strengthening of Heart
1. Foxtail Millet (jpiz) Setaria italica China 2.Improves eye sight
1.Reduce obesity
2. Kodo Millet (tuF) Paspalum scrobiculatum West Africa 2.Reduce Blood sugar and
Blood Pressure.

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4.Pulses
S.No. Common Name Botanical Name Origin Area of Cultivation Uses
Karnataka, 1.Used as a Food
1. Black gram Vigna mungo India Uttar Pradesh, 2.Flour used in Indian
(cSe;J) Chattisgarh curries
Andhra, 1.Used in Sambar
2. Red gram or Cajanus cajan South Karnataka, Prepartion.
Pigeon Pea India Maharashtra 2.Used as a Snacks
(Jtiu)
Tamil Nadu, 1.Used in Pongal
3. Green Gram Vigna radiata India Karnataka, Prepartion.
(ghrpg;gUg;G) Madhya Pradesh 2.Used as a Snacks
3.Used as a Cosmetics

5.Vegetables
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Cultivation Uses
Name
1. Lady’s finger or Abelmoschus Malvaceae Africa Vellore, Coimbatore, Used as a
Okra esculentus Dharmapuri Vegetable
(ntz;ilf;fha;)

6.Fruits
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1. Mango (khq;fha;) Mangifera Anacardiaceae Southern Salem, 1.Edible Fruit
(National fruit of India) indica Asia Krishnagiri, 2.Soft drink
Dharmapuri 3.Pickle

7.Nuts
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1. Cashew nut Anacardium Anacardiaceae Brazil Kerala, 1.Sweet and
(Ke;jpup) occidentale Karnataka, Currie
Tamil Nadu Preparation
2.Snacks

8.Sugars
S.No. Common Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Name Cultivation
1. Sugarcane Saccharum All the districts 1.White sugar
(fUk;G) officinarum Poaceae New Guinea, except 2.Ethanol
(S.spontaneum – India Kanyakumari Preparation
India) and Nilgiris
2. Palmyra Borassus Arecaceae Asia, Africa Tamil Nadu 1.Palm sugar
(gid) flabellifer 2.Health drink
(state tree of 3.Toddy
Tamil Nadu)

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9.Oil Seeds
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1.Snacks
1. Groundnut or Arachis Fabaceae Brazil Andhara, 2.Cooking oil
Peanut hypogaea Gujarat, 3.Soap and
(Ntu;ff
; liy) Rajasthan Lubricant
manufacturing
1.Snacks
2. Sesame or Gingelly Sesamum Pedaliaceae Africa West Bengal, 2.Cooking oil
(ey;nyz;nza;) indicum Madhya 3.Soap and
Pradesh Lubricant
manufacturing

10.Beverages
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
Karnataka, 1.Cure liver
1. Coffee Coffea Rubiaceae Ethiopia Tamil Nadu, diseases
(fh/gp) arabica Kerala 2.Reduce the
risk of type 2
diabetes
11.Spices
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1.Bakery and
1. Cardamom Elettaria Zingiberaceae Sri Lanka Western Beverage
(Queen of Spices) cardamomum Ghats industry
(Vyf;fha;) 2.Mouth
freshener
1. Used in
2. Black Pepper Sauces and
(King of Spices and Piper nigrum Piperaceae Western Kerala, Soup
Black Gold of India) Ghats Karnataka, preparation
(fUkpsF) Tamil Nadu, 2.Pickle and
Curry powder
manufacturing
1.Cosmetics,
Curry powder
3. Turmeric (kQ;rs;) Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae Southern Tamil Nadu manufacturing
Asia (Erode) 2.Anti-fungal,
Bacterial,
Viral
activities
1.Sauces,
4. Chillies 1.Capsicum Solanaceae South India Curry powder
(Red Pepper or Annum America manufacturing
Cayenne Pepper) (Cayenne 2.Good source
(kpsfha;) Pepper) of Vitamin
2.Capsicum A,C,E.
frutescens
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12.Condiment
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1.Sauces,
1. Tamarind (Gsp) Tamarindus Fabaceae Tropical India, Curry powder
(Dates of India) indica Africa Myanmar manufacturing
2.Edible fruit

13.Fibres
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
Tamil Nadu, 1.Textile fibre
1. Cotton Gossypium Malvaceae Old world, Andhra, 2.Used in
(gUj;jp) spp. New world Maharashtra Hospitals
2. Jute (rzy;) Corchorus Malvaceae Africa India, 1.Textile fibre
spp Bangladesh 2. Used in
sacks and bag
manufacturing

14.Timber
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1.Timber
1. Teak (Njf;F) Tectona Lamiaceae South Kerala, 2.Used in
grandis East Assam, Door, Ship,
Asia Tamil Nadu Boat, Toy’s
manufacturing

15.Latex
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1.Eraser, Belt,
1. Rubber (,ug;gu;) Hevea Euphorbiaceae Brazil Kerala, Rubber-band
brasiliensis Tamil Nadu manufacturing
2.Tyre and
Footwear
Production.

16.Pulp Wood
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
Paper and
1. Pulp (kuf;$o;) Cyperus Cyperaceae Egypt China Cardboard
(Melia azadirachta, papyrus (Discovered manufacturing
Neolamarkia chinensis, the Paper)
Casuarina spp,
Eucalyptus spp)

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17.Dyes
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1.Colouring
1. Henna (kUjhzp) Lawsonia Lythraceae North Gujarat, material
inermis Africa, Rajasthan, 2.Dye used
South Madya for skin, hair,
West Pradesh nail colouring.
Asia

18.Cosmetics
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1.Skin tonic
1. Aloe Aloe vera Asphodelaceae Sudan Tamil Nadu, 2.Cream,
(Nrhw;Wf;fw;whio) Andhra, lotion,
Gujarat, shampoo
Rajasthan preparation
19.Perfumes
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1.Fumigant
1. Jasmine (ky;ypif) Jasminum Oleaceae North- Madurai, 2.Hair oil,
grandiflorum Western Thovalai cosmetics,
Himalayas (Kanyakumari and soap
district) manufacturing

20.Medicinal Plants
S.No. Common Name Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Cultivation
1.Cure
Jaundice
1. Keezhanelli Phyllanthus Phyllanthaceae Tropical India 2.Effective
(fPohney;yp) amarus America against
(Phyllanthin) Hepatitis B
virus
1.Used to
2. Nilavembu Andrographis Acanthaceae India, India treat liver
(King of Bitters) paniculata Sri Lanka disorders
(epyNtk;G) (Andrographo 2.Used to
lides) treat malaria
and dengue
fever.

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21.Psychoactive Drugs
S.No. Common Botanical Family Origin Area of Uses
Name Name Cultivation
1. Opium poppy Papaver Papaveraceae South Madhya Pradesh, 1.Pain killer
(mgpd;/frfrh) somniferum Eastern Uttar Pradesh 2.Used in
(Morphine) Europe Surgery
1.Reduce
2. Cannabis or Cannabis sativa Cannabiaceae China Madhya Pradesh, hypertension
Marijuana (Trans- Uttar Pradesh 2.Treating in
(fQ;rhnrb) tetrahydrocanab Glucoma and
inal –THC) Chemotherapy

22. Other Common Medicinal Plants

S.No. Common Botanical Family Plant part used Uses
Name Name
1. Holy basil Ocimum Lamiaceae Leaves, Root 1.Antiseptic
(Jsrp) sanctum 2.Used in bronchitis
3.Used in Malarial fever
2. Indian Phyllanthus Phyllanthaceae Fruit 1.Reduce fever and cough
goosberry emblica 2.Anti-agening properties
(ney;yp) 3.Rejuvenator
3. Indian Acalypha Euphorbiaceae Leaves 1.Cure skin diseases
Acalypha indica 2.Cure infected wounds and
(Fg;igNkdp) bedsores
4. Vilvam Aegle Rutaceae Fruit 1.Kill intestinal Parasites
(tpy;tk;) marmelos 2.unripe fruit used to treat
stomach indigestion
5. Veldt grape Cissus Vitaceae Stem, Root 1.Used to treat Bone fracture
(gpuz;il) quadrangularis 2.Cure asthma and stomach
trouble
Additional questions:
1.Ayurveda system of medicine:
1.Ayurveda supposed to have originated from Brahma (gpuk;kh).
2.It is documented by Charaka, Sushruta, Vagbhata.
3.This system also working based on Vatam, Pittam and Kapam (thjk;,gpj;jk;,fgk;).
4.This system uses more herbs and few animal parts as a drug.
5.Himalayan plants are used as a plant source and 500 different herbs are used as a drug for this system.
2.Folk system of medicine:
1.It is a oral traditional system of Medicine.
2.It is practiced by Rural and Tribal people of India.
3.This system is used by ethnic communities. 8000 Plant species have been documented.
4.The drug plants are documented by Research project on Ethnobiolgy.
5.Irulas, Malayalis, Kurumbas, Paliyans and Kaanis these tribal communities of Tamil Nadu practiced folk
system of medicine.
3.Entrepreneurial Botany:
1.Entrepreneurial Botany is a study of how new businesses are created using plant resources.
2.Entrepreneurship is now a popular topic for higher secondary students.
3.Vast opportunities are there for the Botany students.
4.Converting Botanical knowledge into a business idea.
5.Mushroom cultivation, Single cell protein (SCP), Orgainc farming, Medicinal and aromatic plant cultivation
are the few examples of entrepreneurship.
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4. Organic farming:
1.The main concept of the organic farming is Back to the Nature.
2.It is an alternative agricultural system in which plants and crops are cultivated in natural ways by using
biological inputs to maintain the soil fertility.
3.Before green revolution Indian farmers are practiced organic farming.
4.orgainc farming is the good source for the sustainable agriculture.
5.Biofertilizers and micro-organisms are used for organic farming.
I.Organic Pesticide:
1.Pest like aphids, spider and mites can cause serious damage to flowers, fruits and vegetables.
2.These creatures attack the garden in swarms and drain the life of the crop.
3.Many chemical pesticides prove unsafe for human and the environment.
4.It turns fruits and vegetables are unsafe for consumption.
5.There are many homemade, organic options to turn to war against pests.
II.Bio-pest repellent:
Pest repellent and insecticides are made form leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem-Ntk;G)
Preparation of Bio-pest repellent:
Neem leaves

Chop the leaves

Put in a 50 liter container

Fill half of the water

Close the container

Leave it for 3 days to brew

Filter and remove the Leaves

Add 100 ml of cooking oil and same amount of soap water

Filtrate can be sprayed on the plants to repel pests.

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C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 11

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